1
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Askins EJ, Sarkar A, Navabi P, Kumar K, Finkelmeyer SJ, Presselt M, Cabana J, Glusac KD. Interfacial Electrochemistry of Catalyst-Coordinated Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39087647 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The immobilization of molecular electrocatalysts on conductive electrodes is an appealing strategy for enhancing their overall activity relative to those of analogous molecular compounds. In this study, we report on the interfacial electrochemistry of self-assembled two-dimensional nanosheets of graphene nanoribbons (GNR-2DNS) and analogs containing a Rh-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst (RhGNR-2DNS) immobilized on conductive electrodes. Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) taking place at N-centers of the nanoribbons was utilized as an indirect reporter of the interfacial electric fields experienced by the monolayer nanosheet located within the electric double layer. The experimental Pourbaix diagrams were compared with a theoretical model, which derives the experimental Pourbaix slopes as a function of parameter f, a fraction of the interfacial potential drop experienced by the redox-active group. Interestingly, our study revealed that GNR-2DNS was strongly coupled to glassy carbon electrodes (f = 1), while RhGNR-2DNS was not (f = 0.15). We further investigated the HER mechanism by RhGNR-2DNS using electrochemical and X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemical methods and compared it to homogeneous molecular model compounds. RhGNR-2DNS was found to be an active HER electrocatalyst over a broader set of aqueous pH conditions than its molecular analogs. We find that the improved HER performance in the immobilized catalyst arises due to two factors. First, redox-active bipyrimidine-based ligands were shown to dramatically alter the activity of Rh sites by increasing the electron density at the active Rh center and providing RhGNR-2DNS with improved catalysis. Second, catalyst immobilization was found to prevent catalyst aggregation that was found to occur for the molecular analog in the basic pH. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanism by which catalyst immobilization can affect the overall electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Askins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Abdul Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pouyan Navabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Khagesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sarah Jasmin Finkelmeyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- SciClus GmbH & Co. KG, Jena 07745, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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2
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Calvani D, Louwersheimer R, Buda F. Effect of Anchoring Dynamics on Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in the Ru(bda) Coordination Oligomer on a Graphitic Surface. Chempluschem 2024:e202400082. [PMID: 38625893 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The oligomeric ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst, Ru(bda), is known to be experimentally anchored on graphitic surfaces through CH-π stacking interactions between the auxiliary bda ([2,2'-bipyridine]-6,6'-dicarboxylate) ligand bonded to ruthenium and the hexagonal rings of the surface. This anchoring provides control over their molecular coverage and enables efficient catalysis of water oxidation to dioxygen. The oligomeric nature of the molecule offers multiple anchoring sites at the surface, greatly enhancing the overall stability of the hybrid catalyst-graphitic surface anode through dynamic bonding. However, the impact of this dynamic anchoring on the overall catalytic mechanism is still a topic of debate. In this study, a crucial proton-coupled electron transfer event in the catalytic cycle is investigated using DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations plus metadynamics. The CH-π stacking anchoring plays a critical role not only in stabilizing this hybrid system but also in facilitating the proton-coupled electron transfer event with possible vibronic couplings between the anchoring bonds motion and charge fluctuations at the catalyst - graphitic surface interface. Furthermore, this computational investigation displays the presence of a quartet spin state intermediate that can lead to the experimentally observed and thermodynamically more stable doublet spin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Calvani
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Louwersheimer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Wang Y, Wang M, Chen T, Yu W, Liu H, Cheng H, Bi W, Zhou M, Xie Y, Wu C. Pyrazine-linked Iron-coordinated Tetrapyrrole Conjugated Organic Polymer Catalyst with Spatially Proximate Donor-Acceptor Pairs for Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308070. [PMID: 37779100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-coordinated iron (Fe-N4 ) materials represent the most promising non-noble electrocatalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of fuel cells. However, molecular-level structure design of Fe-N4 electrocatalyst remains a great challenge. In this study, we develop a novel Fe-N4 conjugated organic polymer (COP) electrocatalyst, which allows for precise design of the Fe-N4 structure, leading to unprecedented ORR performance. At the molecular level, we have successfully organized spatially proximate iron-pyrrole/pyrazine (FePr/Pz) pairs into fully conjugated polymer networks, which in turn endows FePr sites with firmly covalent-bonded matrix, strong d-π electron coupling and highly dense distribution. The resulting pyrazine-linked iron-coordinated tetrapyrrole (Pz-FeTPr) COP electrocatalyst exhibits superior performance compared to most ORR electrocatalysts, with a half-wave potential of 0.933 V and negligible activity decay after 40,000 cycles. When used as the cathode electrocatalyst in a hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell, the Pz-FeTPr COP achieves a peak power density of ≈210 mW cm-2 . We anticipate the COP based Fe-N4 catalyst design could be an effective strategy to develop high-performance catalyst for facilitating the progress of fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weisheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wentuan Bi
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230031, China
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4
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Biemolt J, Meeus EJ, de Zwart FJ, de Graaf J, Laan PCM, de Bruin B, Burdyny T, Rothenberg G, Yan N. Creating Conjugated C-C Bonds between Commercial Carbon Electrode and Molecular Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300841. [PMID: 37470203 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Immobilizing molecular catalysts on electrodes is vital for electrochemical applications. However, creating robust electrode-catalyst interactions while maintaining good catalytic performance and rapid electron transfer is challenging. Here, without introducing any foreign elements, we show a bottom-up synthetic approach of constructing the conjugated C-C bond between the commercial Vulcan carbon electrode and an organometallic catalyst. Characterization results from FTIR, XPS, aberration-corrected TEM and EPR confirmed the successful and uniform heterogenization of the complex. The synthesized Vulcan-LN4 -Co catalyst is highly active and selective in the oxygen reduction reaction in neutral media, showing an 80 % hydrogen peroxide selectivity and a 0.72 V (vs. RHE) onset potential which significantly outperformed the homogenous counterpart. Based on single-crystal XRD and NMR data, we built a model for density functional theory calculations which showed a nearly optimal binding energy for the *OOH intermediate. Our results show that the direct conjugated C-C bonding is an effective approach for heterogenizing molecular catalysts on carbon, opening new opportunities for employing molecular catalysts in electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Biemolt
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eva J Meeus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J de Zwart
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeen de Graaf
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus C M Laan
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Burdyny
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Yan
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China
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5
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Gammelgaard JJ, Sun Z, Vestergaard AK, Zhao S, Li Z, Lock N, Daasbjerg K, Bagger A, Rossmeisl J, Lauritsen JV. A Monolayer Carbon Nitride on Au(111) with a High Density of Single Co Sites. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17489-17498. [PMID: 37643209 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides that expose atomically dispersed single-atom metals in the form of M-N-C (M = metal) sites are attractive earth-abundant catalyst materials that have been demonstrated in electrocatalytic conversion reactions. The catalytic performance is determined by the abundance of N-doped sites and the type of metal coordination to N, but challenges remain to synthesize pristine carbon nitrides with a high concentration of the most active sites and prepare homogeneously doped materials that allow for in-depth characterization of the M-N-C sites and quantitative evaluation of their catalytic performance. Herein, we have synthesized and characterized a well-defined monolayer carbon nitride phase on a Au(111) surface that exposes an exceedingly high concentration of Co-N4 sites. The crystalline monolayer carbon nitride, whose formation is controlled by an on-surface reaction between Co atoms and melamine on Au(111), is characterized by a dense array of 4- and 6-fold N-terminated pockets, whereof only the 4-fold pocket is found to be holding Co atoms. Through detailed characterization using scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory modeling, we determine the atomic structure and chemical state of the carbon nitride network. Furthermore, we show that the monolayer carbon nitride structure is stable and reactive toward the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte, with a quantitative performance metric that significantly exceeds comparable M-N-C-based catalyst types. The work demonstrates that high-density active catalytic sites can be created using common precursor materials, and the formed networks themselves offer an excellent platform for onward studies addressing the characteristics of M-N-C sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaozong Sun
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders K Vestergaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Zheshen Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nina Lock
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe V Lauritsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Bates JS, Johnson MR, Khamespanah F, Root TW, Stahl SS. Heterogeneous M-N-C Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation Reactions: Lessons from Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6233-6256. [PMID: 36198176 PMCID: PMC10073352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonprecious metal heterogeneous catalysts composed of first-row transition metals incorporated into nitrogen-doped carbon matrices (M-N-Cs) have been studied for decades as leading alternatives to Pt for the electrocatalytic O2 reduction reaction (ORR). More recently, similar M-N-C catalysts have been shown to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of organic molecules. This Focus Review highlights mechanistic similarities and distinctions between these two reaction classes and then surveys the aerobic oxidation reactions catalyzed by M-N-Cs. As the active-site structures and kinetic properties of M-N-C aerobic oxidation catalysts have not been extensively studied, the array of tools and methods used to characterize ORR catalysts are presented with the goal of supporting further advances in the field of aerobic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mathew R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khamespanah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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7
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Sonea A, Branch KL, Warren JJ. The Pattern of Hydroxyphenyl-Substitution Influences CO 2 Reduction More Strongly than the Number of Hydroxyphenyl Groups in Iron-Porphyrin Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kaitlin L. Branch
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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8
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Carbon-Conjugated Co Complexes as Model Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts are a family of heterogeneous electrocatalysts widely used in energy storage and conversion. The determination of the local structure of the active metal sites is challenging, which limits the establishment of the reliable structure-property relationship of single-atom catalysts. A carbon black-conjugated complex can be used as the model catalyst to probe the intrinsic activity of metal sites with certain local structures. In this work, we prepared carbon black-conjugated [Co(phenanthroline)Cl2], [Co(o-phenylenediamine)Cl2] and [Co(salophen)]. In these catalysts, the Co complexes with well-defined structures are anchored on the edge of carbon black by pyrazine moieties. The number of electrochemical accessible Co sites can be measured from the area of the redox peaks of pyrazine linkers in the cyclic voltammetry curve. Then, the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of one Co site can be obtained. The catalytic performances of the three catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline conditions were measured. Carbon black-conjugated [Co(salophen)] showed the highest intrinsic activity with the turnover frequency of 0.72 s−1 at 0.75 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. The strategy developed in this work can be used to explore and verify the possible local structure of active sites proposed for single-atom catalysts.
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9
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de Gracia Triviño JA, Ahlquist MSG. Operando Condition Reaction Modeling Shows Highly Dynamic Attachment of Oligomeric Ruthenium Catalysts. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Angel de Gracia Triviño
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten S. G. Ahlquist
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Ghosh M, Braley SE, Ezhov R, Worster H, Valdez-Moreira JA, Losovyj Y, Jakubikova E, Pushkar YN, Smith JM. A Spectroscopically Observed Iron Nitrosyl Intermediate in the Reduction of Nitrate by a Surface-Conjugated Electrocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17824-17831. [PMID: 36154168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report an iron-based graphite-conjugated electrocatalyst (GCC-FeDIM) that combines the well-defined nature of homogeneous molecular electrocatalysts with the robustness of a heterogeneous electrode. A suite of spectroscopic methods, supported by the results of DFT calculations, reveals that the electrode surface is functionalized by high spin (S = 5/2) Fe(III) ions in an FeN4Cl2 coordination environment. The chloride ions are hydrolyzed in aqueous solution, with the resulting cyclic voltammogram revealing a Gaussian-shaped wave assigned to 1H+/1e- reduction of surface Fe(III)-OH surface. A catalytic wave is observed in the presence of NO3-, with an onset potential of -1.1 V vs SCE. At pH 6.0, GCC-FeDIM rapidly reduces NO3- to ammonium and nitrite with 88 and 6% Faradaic efficiency, respectively. Mechanistic studies, including in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, suggest that electrocatalytic NO3- reduction involves an iron nitrosyl intermediate. The Fe-N bond length (1.65 Å) is similar to that observed in {Fe(NO)}6 complexes, which is supported by the results of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Sarah E Braley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Roman Ezhov
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Harrison Worster
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Juan A Valdez-Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Yaroslav Losovyj
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yulia N Pushkar
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeremy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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11
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Molecular Engineering of Metal Complexes for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction: From Adjustment of Intrinsic Activity to Molecular Immobilization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205301. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Wang Y, Pan H, Lin D, Li S, Wang Y, Sanvito S, Hou S. Robust covalent pyrazine anchors forming highly conductive and polarity-tunable molecular junctions with carbon electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21337-21347. [PMID: 36043392 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02318k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In molecular electronics, electrode-molecule anchoring strategies play a crucial role in the design of stable and high-performance functional single-molecule devices. Herein, we employ aromatic pyrazine as anchors to connect a central anthracene molecule to carbon electrodes including graphene and armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and theoretically investigate their atomic structures and electronic transport properties. These molecular junctions can be constructed via condensation reactions of the central molecules terminated with ortho-phenylenediamines with ortho-quinone-functionalized nanogaps of graphene and SWCNT electrodes. With two direct C-N covalent bonds connecting the central molecule site-selectively to carbon electrodes in a coplanar way, pyrazine anchors are advantageous for forming stable and structurally well-defined molecular junctions, being expected to reduce the uncertainty about the electrode-molecule linkage motifs. The junction transport is highly efficient due to the coplanar geometry and the ensuing strong π-type molecule-electrode electronic coupling. Furthermore, our calculations show that molecular junctions with pyrazine anchors and carbon electrodes are usually n-type electronic devices; upon hydrogenation of pyridinic nitrogen atoms, the device polarity can be tuned to p-type, indicating that the pyrazine anchors can also serve as a powerful platform for tailoring in situ the polarity of charge carriers in carbon-electrode molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Haoyang Pan
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. .,Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongying Lin
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shi Li
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shimin Hou
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. .,Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Wang Y, Zhou T, Ruan S, Feng H, Bi W, Hu J, Chen T, Liu H, Yuan B, Zhang N, Wang W, Zhang L, Chu W, Wu C, Xie Y. Directional Manipulation of Electron Transfer by Energy Level Engineering for Efficient Cathodic Oxygen Reduction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6622-6630. [PMID: 35931416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer plays an important role in determining the energy conversion efficiency of energy devices. Nitrogen-coordinated single metal sites (M-N4) materials as electrocatalysts have exhibited great potential in devices. However, there are still great difficulties in how to directionally manipulate electron transfer in M-N4 catalysts for higher efficiency. Herein, we demonstrated the mechanism of electron transfer being affected by energy level structure based on classical iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecule/carbon models and proposed an energy level engineering strategy to manipulate electron transfer, preparing high-performance ORR catalysts. Engineering molecular energy level via modulating FePc molecular structure with nitro induces a strong interfacial electronic coupling and efficient charge transfer from carbon to FePc-β-NO2 molecule. Consequently, the assembled zinc-air battery exhibits ultrahigh performance which is superior to most of M-N4 catalysts. Energy level engineering provides a universal approach for directionally manipulating electron transfer, bringing a new concept to design efficient and stable M-N4 electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Tianpei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Ruan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wentuan Bi
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Bingkai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wangsheng Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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14
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Liang Z, Guo H, Lei H, Cao R. Co porphyrin-based metal-organic framework for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Yang ZW, Chen JM, Qiu LQ, Xie WJ, He LN. Molecular Engineering of Metal Complexes for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction: From Adjustment of Intrinsic Activity to Molecular Immobilization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Yang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Jin-Mei Chen
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Li-Qi Qiu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Wen-Jun Xie
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Liang-Nian He
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Weijin Rd. 94 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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16
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17
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Lei K, Yu Xia B. Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction: from Discrete Molecular Catalysts to Their Integrated Catalytic Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200141. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lei
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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18
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Simple, controllable and environmentally friendly synthesis of FeCoNiCuZn-based high-entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts, and their surface dynamics during nitrobenzene hydrogenation. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Electrocatalysis is an indispensable technique for small-molecule transformations, which are essential for the sustainability of society. Electrocatalysis utilizes electricity as an energy source for chemical reactions. Hydrogen is considered the “fuel for the future,” and designing electrocatalysts for hydrogen production has thus become critical. Furthermore, fuel cells are promising energy solutions that require robust electrocatalysts for key fuel cell reactions such as the interconversion of oxygen to water. Concerns regarding the rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide have prompted the search for CO2 conversion methods. One promising approach is the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into commodity chemicals and/or liquid fuels, but such chemistry is highly energy demanding because of the thermodynamic stability of CO2. All of the above-mentioned electrocatalytic processes rely on the selective input of multiple protons (H+) and electrons (e–) to yield the desired products. Biological enzymes evolved in nature to perform such redox catalysis and have inspired the design of catalysts at the molecular and atomic levels. While it is synthetically challenging to mimic the exact biological environment, incorporating functional outer coordination spheres into molecular catalysts has shown promise for advancing multi-H+ and multi-e– electrocatalysis. From this Perspective, herein, catalysts with outer coordination sphere(s) are selected as the inspiration for developing new catalysts, particularly for the reductive conversion of H+, O2, and CO2, which are highly relevant to sustainability. The recent progress in electrocatalysis and opportunities to explore beyond the second coordination sphere are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Caroline K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jianbing Jimmy Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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20
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Bussetti G, Bernasconi R, Filoni C, Magagnin L, Bossi A, Ciccacci F, Duò L. A stable porphyrin functionalized graphite electrode used at the oxygen evolution reaction potential. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Samireddi S, Aishwarya V, Shown I, Muthusamy S, Unni SM, Wong KT, Chen KH, Chen LC. Synergistic Dual-Atom Molecular Catalyst Derived from Low-Temperature Pyrolyzed Heterobimetallic Macrocycle-N4 Corrole Complex for Oxygen Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103823. [PMID: 34665522 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A heterobimetallic corrole complex, comprising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active non-precious metals Co and Fe with a corrole-N4 center (PhFCC), is successfully synthesized and used to prepare a dual-atom molecular catalyst (DAMC) through subsequent low-temperature pyrolysis. This low-temperature pyrolyzed electrocatalyst exhibited impressive ORR performance, with onset potentials of 0.86 and 0.94 V, and half-wave potentials of 0.75 and 0.85 V, under acidic and basic conditions, respectively. During potential cycling, this DAMC displayed half-wave potential losses of only 25 and 5 mV under acidic and alkaline conditions after 3000 cycles, respectively, demonstrating its excellent stability. Single-cell Nafion-based proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance using this DAMC as the cathode catalyst showed a maximum power density of 225 mW cm-2 , almost close to that of most metal-N4 macrocycle-based catalysts. The present study showed that preservation of the defined CoN4 structure along with the cocatalytic Fe-Cx site synergistically acted as a dual ORR active center to boost overall ORR performance. The development of DAMC from a heterobimetallic CoN4-macrocyclic system using low-temperature pyrolysis is also advantageous for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Samireddi
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, CSIR Madras Complex, Chennai, 600113, India
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - V Aishwarya
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, CSIR Madras Complex, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Indrajit Shown
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Saravanakumar Muthusamy
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sreekuttan M Unni
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, CSIR Madras Complex, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsien Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chyong Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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22
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Li Y, Wang N, Lei H, Li X, Zheng H, Wang H, Zhang W, Cao R. Bioinspired N4-metallomacrocycles for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Bhattacharyya D, Videla PE, Cattaneo M, Batista VS, Lian T, Kubiak CP. Vibrational Stark shift spectroscopy of catalysts under the influence of electric fields at electrode-solution interfaces. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10131-10149. [PMID: 34377403 PMCID: PMC8336477 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01876k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
External control of chemical processes is a subject of widespread interest in chemical research, including control of electrocatalytic processes with significant promise in energy research. The electrochemical double-layer is the nanoscale region next to the electrode/electrolyte interface where chemical reactions typically occur. Understanding the effects of electric fields within the electrochemical double layer requires a combination of synthesis, electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and theory. In particular, vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to probe the response of molecular catalysts at the electrode interface under bias. Fundamental understanding can be obtained via synthetic tuning of the adsorbed molecular catalysts on the electrode surface and by combining experimental VSFG data with theoretical modelling of the Stark shift response. The resulting insights at the molecular level are particularly valuable for the development of new methodologies to control and characterize catalysts confined to electrode surfaces. This Perspective article is focused on how systematic modifications of molecules anchored to surfaces report information concerning the geometric, energetic, and electronic parameters of catalysts under bias attached to electrode surfaces. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis: characterization of interfacial electric field within the electrochemical double layer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiman Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast Atlanta Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Pablo E Videla
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - Mauricio Cattaneo
- INQUINOA-UNT-CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto de Química Física, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Ayacucho 471 (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast Atlanta Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358 La Jolla California 92093 USA
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24
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Wang W, Tse ECM. Proton Removal Kinetics That Govern the Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Activity of Heterogeneous Bioinorganic Platforms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6900-6910. [PMID: 33621073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) rates holds the key to simultaneously optimizing the turnover frequency and product selectivity of redox reactions that are central to the realization of renewable energy schemes in a sustainable future. In this work, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a Ru complex electrografted onto a glassy carbon (GC) electrode was prepared as a heterogeneous electrocatalytic interface to facilitate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation half-cell reaction of a direct hydrogen peroxide/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell. A functional lipid membrane embedded with catalytic amounts of proton carriers was appended on top of the Ru SAM to construct a hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM) platform that can modulate the thermodynamics and kinetics of proton- and electron-transfer steps independently. The performances of the as-prepared Ru SAMs and HBMs toward H2O2 oxidation were investigated using electrochemical means, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies, and Tafel analyses. Proton carriers featuring borate, phosphate, and nitrile headgroups were found to dictate the transmembrane proton removal rate, thereby controlling the H2O2 oxidation activity. The first significance of this work was the expansion of HBM platforms to GC substrates to overcome the limited redox potential window on gold thiol systems, thereby enabling electrochemical investigations of anodic reactions at the SAM-lipid interface. The second highlight of this work was demonstrating for the first time that deprotonation kinetics can be taken advantage of to enhance the electrocatalytic oxidation performance of a metal complex anchored at the SAM-lipid interface of a HBM platform. When the knowledge gaps regarding how PCET steps govern redox pathways are closed, the advances achieved using our unique bioinorganic platform are envisioned to accelerate the understanding and optimization of electrocatalytic processes involving proton- and electron- transfer steps that are fundamental to the development of high-performance energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, University of Hong Kong (HKU), Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Edmund C M Tse
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, University of Hong Kong (HKU), Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, China
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25
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Dou S, Sun L, Xi S, Li X, Su T, Fan HJ, Wang X. Enlarging the π-Conjugation of Cobalt Porphyrin for Highly Active and Selective CO 2 Electroreduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2126-2132. [PMID: 33754489 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous molecular catalysts have attracted considerable attention as carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR) electrocatalysts. The π-electron system of conjugated ligands in molecular catalysts may play an important role in determining the activity. In this work, by enlarging π-conjugation through appending more aromatic substituents on the porphyrin ligand, altered π-electron system endows the as-prepared 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl)porphyrin CoII with high Faradaic efficiency (ca. 95 %) for CO production, as well as high turnover frequency (2.1 s-1 at -0.6 V vs. RHE). Density functional theory calculation further suggests that the improved electrocatalytic performance mainly originates from the higher proportion of Co d z 2 orbital and the CO2 π* orbital in the HOMO of the (Co-porphyrin-CO2 )- intermediate with larger π-conjugation, which facilitates the CO2 activation. This work provides strong evidence that π-conjugation perturbation is effective in boosting the CO2 RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Dou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Libo Sun
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Cambridge CARES, CREATE Tower, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Tan Su
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Cambridge CARES, CREATE Tower, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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26
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Braley SE, Xie J, Losovyj Y, Smith JM. Graphite Conjugation of a Macrocyclic Cobalt Complex Enhances Nitrite Electroreduction to Ammonia. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7203-7208. [PMID: 33939918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the generation of a graphite-conjugated diimine macrocyclic Co catalyst (GCC-CoDIM) that is assembled at o-quinone edge defects on graphitic carbon electrodes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirm the existence of a new Co surface species with a coordination environment that is the same as that of the molecular analogue, [Co(DIM)Br2]+. GCC-CoDIM selectively reduces nitrite to ammonium with quantitative Faradaic efficiency and at a rate that approaches enzymatic catalysis. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that the increased rate is accompanied by a change in mechanism from the molecular analogue. These results provide a template for creating macrocycle-based electrocatalysts based on first-row transition metals conjugated to an extreme redox-active ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Braley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jiaze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yaroslav Losovyj
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jeremy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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27
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Johnson SI, Blakemore JD, Brunschwig BS, Lewis NS, Gray HB, Goddard WA, Persson P. Design of robust 2,2'-bipyridine ligand linkers for the stable immobilization of molecular catalysts on silicon(111) surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9921-9929. [PMID: 33908502 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of the 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) moieties to the surface of planar silicon(111) (photo)electrodes was investigated using ab initio simulations performed on a new cluster model for methyl-terminated silicon. Density functional theory (B3LYP) with implicit solvation techniques indicated that adventitious chlorine atoms, when present in the organic linker backbone, led to instability at very negative potentials of the surface-modified electrode. In prior experimental work, chlorine atoms were present as a trace surface impurity due to required surface processing chemistry, and thus could plausibly result in the observed surface instability of the linker. Free energy calculations for the Cl-atom release process with model silyl-linker constructs revealed a modest barrier (14.9 kcal mol-1) that decreased as the electrode potential became more negative. A small library of new bpy-derived structures has additionally been explored computationally to identify strategies that could minimize chlorine-induced linker instability. Structures with fluorine substituents are predicted to be more stable than their chlorine analogues, whereas fully non-halogenated structures are predicted to exhibit the highest stability. The behavior of a hydrogen-evolving molecular catalyst Cp*Rh(bpy) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) immobilized on a silicon(111) cluster was explored theoretically to evaluate differences between the homogeneous and surface-attached behavior of this species in a tautomerization reaction observed under reductive conditions for catalytic H2 evolution. The calculated free energy difference between the tautomers is small, hence the results suggest that use of reductively stable linkers can enable robust attachment of catalysts while maintaining chemical behavior on the electrode similar to that exhibited in homogeneous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha I Johnson
- Materials Research Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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28
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Liang Z, Guo H, Zhou G, Guo K, Wang B, Lei H, Zhang W, Zheng H, Apfel U, Cao R. Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Supported Molecular Electrocatalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie I Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Energy Division Osterfelder Strasse 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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29
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Liang Z, Guo H, Zhou G, Guo K, Wang B, Lei H, Zhang W, Zheng H, Apfel UP, Cao R. Metal-Organic-Framework-Supported Molecular Electrocatalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8472-8476. [PMID: 33484092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synthesizing molecule@support hybrids is appealing to improve molecular electrocatalysis. We report herein metal-organic framework (MOF)-supported Co porphyrins for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with improved activity and selectivity. Co porphyrins can be grafted on MOF surfaces through ligand exchange. A variety of porphyrin@MOF hybrids were made using this method. Grafted Co porphyrins showed boosted ORR activity with large (>70 mV) anodic shift of the half-wave potential compared to ungrafted porphyrins. By using active MOFs for peroxide reduction, the number of electrons transferred per O2 increased from 2.65 to 3.70, showing significantly improved selectivity for the 4e ORR. It is demonstrated that H2 O2 generated from O2 reduction at Co porphyrins is further reduced at MOF surfaces, leading to improved 4e ORR. As a practical demonstration, these hybrids were used as air electrode catalysts in Zn-air batteries, which exhibited equal performance to that with Pt-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Energy Division, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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30
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Wang J, Dou S, Wang X. Structural tuning of heterogeneous molecular catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf3989. [PMID: 33771872 PMCID: PMC7997508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous molecular catalysts based on transition metal complexes have received increasing attention for their potential application in electrochemical energy conversion. The structural tuning of first and second coordination spheres of complexes provides versatile strategies for optimizing the activities of heterogeneous molecular catalysts and appropriate model systems for investigating the mechanism of structural variations on the activity. In this review, we first discuss the variation of first spheres by tuning ligated atoms; afterward, the structural tuning of second spheres by appending adjacent metal centers, pendant groups, electron withdrawing/donating, and conjugating moieties on the ligands is elaborated. Overall, these structural tuning resulted in different impacts on the geometric and electronic configurations of complexes, and the improved activity is achieved through tuning the stability of chemisorbed reactants and the redox behaviors of immobilized complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang 215400, China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Shuo Dou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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31
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Chen Y, Tian B, Cheng Z, Li X, Huang M, Sun Y, Liu S, Cheng X, Li S, Ding M. Electro-Descriptors for the Performance Prediction of Electro-Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4199-4207. [PMID: 33180375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical organic synthesis has attracted increasing attentions as a sustainable and versatile synthetic platform. Quantitative assessment of the electro-organic reactions, including reaction thermodynamics, electro-kinetics, and coupled chemical processes, can lead to effective analytical tool to guide their future design. Herein, we demonstrate that electrochemical parameters such as onset potential, Tafel slope, and effective voltage can be utilized as electro-descriptors for the evaluation of reaction conditions and prediction of reactivities (yields). An "electro-descriptor-diagram" is generated, where reactive and non-reactive conditions/substances show distinct boundary. Successful predictions of reaction outcomes have been demonstrated using electro-descriptor diagram, or from machine learning algorithms with experimentally-derived electro-descriptors. This method represents a promising tool for data-acquisition, reaction prediction, mechanistic investigation, and high-throughput screening for general organic electro-synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bailin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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32
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Kornienko N. Operando spectroscopy of nanoscopic metal/covalent organic framework electrocatalysts. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1507-1514. [PMID: 33210692 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal and covalent organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs) are increasingly finding exceptional utility in electrocatalytic systems. Their chemically defined porous nature grants them key functions that may enhance their electrocatalytic performance relative to conventional molecular or heterogeneous materials. In order to obtain insights into their function, mechanism, and dynamics under electrocatalytic conditions, operando spectroscopy, that which is performed as the catalyst is functioning, has been increasingly applied. This mini review highlights several key works emerging in recent years that have used various operando spectroscopic techniques, namely UV-vis absorption, Raman, Infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, to investigate electrocatalytic MOFs and COFs. A brief introduction to each technique and how it was applied to investigate MOF/COF-based electrolytic systems is detailed. The unique set of data obtained, interpretations made, and progress attained all point to the power of operando spectroscopy in truly opening the functionality of MOFs and COFs across many aspects of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2 V 0B3, Canada.
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33
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Loipersberger M, Cabral DGA, Chu DBK, Head-Gordon M. Mechanistic Insights into Co and Fe Quaterpyridine-Based CO 2 Reduction Catalysts: Metal-Ligand Orbital Interaction as the Key Driving Force for Distinct Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:744-763. [PMID: 33400528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both [CoII(qpy)(H2O)2]2+ and [FeII(qpy)(H2O)2]2+ (with qpy = 2,2':6',2″:6'',2‴-quaterpyridine) are efficient homogeneous electrocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO. The Co catalyst is more efficient in the electrochemical reduction, while the Fe catalyst is an excellent photoelectrocatalyst ( ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 3411-3417). This work uses density functional theory to shed light on the contrasting catalytic pathways. While both catalysts experience primarily ligand-based reductions, the second reduction in the Co catalyst is delocalized onto the metal via a metal-ligand bonding interaction, causing a spin transition and a distorted ligand framework. This orbital interaction explains the experimentally observed mild reduction potential and slow kinetics of the second reduction. The decreased hardness and doubly occupied dz2-orbital facilitate a σ-bond with the CO2-π* in an η1-κC binding mode. CO2 binding is only possible after two reductions resulting in an EEC mechanism (E = electron transfer, C = chemical reaction), and the second protonation is rate-limiting. In contrast, the Fe catalyst maintains a Lewis acidic metal center throughout the reduction process because the metal orbitals do not strongly mix with the qpy-π* orbitals. This allows binding of the activated CO2 in an η2-binding mode. This interaction stabilizes the activated CO2 via a π-type interaction of a Fe-t2g orbital and the CO2-π* and a dative bond of the oxygen lone pair. This facilitates CO2 binding to a singly reduced catalyst resulting in an ECE mechanism. The barrier for CO2 addition and the second protonation are higher than those for the Co catalyst and rate-limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Delmar G A Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel B K Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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34
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Zhang R, Warren JJ. Recent Developments in Metalloporphyrin Electrocatalysts for Reduction of Small Molecules: Strategies for Managing Electron and Proton Transfer Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:293-302. [PMID: 33064354 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are archetypal ligands in inorganic chemistry. The last 10 years have seen important new advances in the use of metalloporphyrins as catalysts in the activation and reduction of small molecules, in particular O2 and CO2 . Recent developments of new molecular designs, scaling relationships, and theoretical modeling of mechanisms have rapidly advanced the utility of porphyrins as electrocatalysts. This Minireview focuses on the summary and evaluation of recent developments of metalloporphyrin O2 and CO2 reduction electrocatalysts, with an emphasis on contrasting homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Comparisons for proposed reaction mechanisms are provided for both CO2 and O2 reduction, and ideas are proposed about how lessons from the last decade of research can lead to the development of practical, applied porphyrin-derived catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BCV5A1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BCV5A1S6, Canada
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35
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Loipersberger M, Cabral DGA, Chu DBK, Head-Gordon M. Mechanistic Insights into Co and Fe Quaterpyridine-Based CO 2 Reduction Catalysts: Metal–Ligand Orbital Interaction as the Key Driving Force for Distinct Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09380 and 21=21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Delmar G. A. Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel B. K. Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Chen Y, Tian B, Cheng Z, Li X, Huang M, Sun Y, Liu S, Cheng X, Li S, Ding M. Electro‐Descriptors for the Performance Prediction of Electro‐Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bailin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yuxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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37
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Hoque MA, Gil-Sepulcre M, de Aguirre A, Elemans JAAW, Moonshiram D, Matheu R, Shi Y, Benet-Buchholz J, Sala X, Malfois M, Solano E, Lim J, Garzón-Manjón A, Scheu C, Lanza M, Maseras F, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Llobet A. Water oxidation electrocatalysis using ruthenium coordination oligomers adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1060-1066. [PMID: 32989272 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical cells that utilize water as a source of electrons are one of the most attractive solutions for the replacement of fossil fuels by clean and sustainable solar fuels. To achieve this, heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis needs to be mastered and properly understood. The search continues for a catalyst that is stable at the surface of electro(photo)anodes and can efficiently perform this reaction at the desired neutral pH. Here, we show how oligomeric Ru complexes can be anchored on the surfaces of graphitic materials through CH-π interactions between the auxiliary ligands bonded to Ru and the hexagonal rings of the graphitic surfaces, providing control of their molecular coverage. These hybrid molecular materials behave as molecular electroanodes that catalyse water oxidation to dioxygen at pH 7 with high current densities. This strategy for the anchoring of molecular catalysts on graphitic surfaces can potentially be extended to other transition metals and other catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asmaul Hoque
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adiran de Aguirre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain.,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Lanza
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Bullock RM, Chen JG, Gagliardi L, Chirik PJ, Farha OK, Hendon CH, Jones CW, Keith JA, Klosin J, Minteer SD, Morris RH, Radosevich AT, Rauchfuss TB, Strotman NA, Vojvodic A, Ward TR, Yang JY, Surendranath Y. Using nature's blueprint to expand catalysis with Earth-abundant metals. Science 2020; 369:eabc3183. [PMID: 32792370 PMCID: PMC7875315 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous redox transformations that are essential to life are catalyzed by metalloenzymes that feature Earth-abundant metals. In contrast, platinum-group metals have been the cornerstone of many industrial catalytic reactions for decades, providing high activity, thermal stability, and tolerance to chemical poisons. We assert that nature's blueprint provides the fundamental principles for vastly expanding the use of abundant metals in catalysis. We highlight the key physical properties of abundant metals that distinguish them from precious metals, and we look to nature to understand how the inherent attributes of abundant metals can be embraced to produce highly efficient catalysts for reactions crucial to the sustainable production and transformation of fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - John A Keith
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jerzy Klosin
- Core R&D, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert H Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas B Rauchfuss
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Neil A Strotman
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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39
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40
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MacFarlane DR, Choi J, Suryanto BHR, Jalili R, Chatti M, Azofra LM, Simonov AN. Liquefied Sunshine: Transforming Renewables into Fertilizers and Energy Carriers with Electromaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904804. [PMID: 31762106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has become apparent that renewable energy sources are plentiful in many, often remote, parts of the world, such that storing and transporting that energy has become the key challenge. For long-distance transportation by pipeline and bulk tanker, a liquid form of energy carrier is ideal, focusing attention on liquid hydrogen and ammonia. Development of high-activity and selectivity electrocatalyst materials to produce these energy carriers by reductive electrochemistry has therefore become an important area of research. Here, recent developments and challenges in the field of electrocatalytic materials for these processes are discussed, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Some of the mis-steps currently plaguing the nitrogen reduction to ammonia field are highlighted. The rapidly growing roles that in situ/operando and quantum chemical studies can play in new electromaterials discovery are also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jaecheol Choi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Bryan H R Suryanto
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Manjunath Chatti
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- CIDIA-FEAM (Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, avalada por el Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla), Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alexandr N Simonov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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41
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Nam DH, De Luna P, Rosas-Hernández A, Thevenon A, Li F, Agapie T, Peters JC, Shekhah O, Eddaoudi M, Sargent EH. Molecular enhancement of heterogeneous CO 2 reduction. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:266-276. [PMID: 32099112 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) addresses the need for storage of renewable energy in valuable carbon-based fuels and feedstocks, yet challenges remain in the improvement of electrosynthesis pathways for highly selective hydrocarbon production. To improve catalysis further, it is of increasing interest to lever synergies between heterogeneous and homogeneous approaches. Organic molecules or metal complexes adjacent to heterogeneous active sites provide additional binding interactions that may tune the stability of intermediates, improving catalytic performance by increasing Faradaic efficiency (product selectivity), as well as decreasing overpotential. We offer a forward-looking perspective on molecularly enhanced heterogeneous catalysis for CO2RR. We discuss four categories of molecularly enhanced strategies: molecular-additive-modified heterogeneous catalysts, immobilized organometallic complex catalysts, reticular catalysts and metal-free polymer catalysts. We introduce present-day challenges in molecular strategies and describe a vision for CO2RR electrocatalysis towards multi-carbon products. These strategies provide potential avenues to address the challenges of catalyst activity, selectivity and stability in the further development of CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyun Nam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phil De Luna
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alonso Rosas-Hernández
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Arnaud Thevenon
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Fengwang Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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42
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Smith PT, Kim Y, Benke BP, Kim K, Chang CJ. Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4902-4907. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Bahiru Punja Benke
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
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43
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Smith PT, Kim Y, Benke BP, Kim K, Chang CJ. Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Bahiru Punja Benke
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
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44
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Jackson MN, Surendranath Y. Molecular Control of Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis through Graphite Conjugation. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:3432-3441. [PMID: 31714746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficient interconversion of electrical and chemical energy requires catalysts capable of accelerating multielectron reactions at or near electrified interfaces. These reactions can be performed at metallic surface sites on heterogeneous electrocatalysts or through redox mediation at molecular electrocatalysts. The relative ease of synthesis and characterization for homogeneous catalysts has allowed for molecular-level control over the active site and permitted systematic tuning of activity and selectivity. Similar control is difficult to achieve with heterogeneous electrocatalysts, because they typically exhibit a distribution of active site geometries and local electronic structures, which are challenging to modify with molecular precision. However, metallic heterogeneous electrocatalysts benefit from a continuum of electronic states that distribute the redox burden of multielectron transformations, enabling more efficient catalysis. We envisioned that we could combine the attractive properties of molecular and heterogeneous catalysts by integrating tunable molecular active sites into the delocalized band states of a conductive solid. The Surendranath group has developed a class of electrocatalysts in which molecules are strongly electronically coupled to graphitic electrodes through a conductive, aromatic pyrazine linkage such that they behave like metallic surface active sites. In this Account, we discuss the dual role of these graphite-conjugated catalysts (GCCs) as a platform with which to answer molecular-level questions of metallic active sites and as a tool with which to fundamentally alter the mechanism and enhance the performance of molecular active sites. We begin by describing the electrochemical and spectroscopic studies that demonstrated that GCC sites behave like metallic active sites rather than simply as redox mediators attached to electrode surfaces. We then discuss how electrochemical studies of a series of graphite-conjugated acids enabled the construction of a molecular model for the thermochemistry of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions at GCC sites based on the pKa of the molecular analogue of the conjugated site and the potential of zero free charge of the electrode. In the final section, we discuss the effects of graphite conjugation on the mechanism and rate of oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, and carbon dioxide reduction catalysis across four different GCC platforms involving N-heterocycle, organometallic, and metalloporphyrin active sites. We discuss how molecular-level tuning at graphite-conjugated active sites directly correlates to changes in catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. We demonstrate that graphite-conjugated porphyrins show enhanced catalytic oxygen reduction activity over amide-linked porphyrins. Lastly, we describe how catalysis at graphite-conjugated sites proceeds through mechanisms involving concerted electron transfer and substrate activation, in stark contrast to the mechanisms observed for molecular analogues. Overall, we showcase how GCCs provide a rich platform for controlling heterogeneous catalysis at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Jackson MN, Kaminsky CJ, Oh S, Melville JF, Surendranath Y. Graphite Conjugation Eliminates Redox Intermediates in Molecular Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14160-14167. [PMID: 31353897 PMCID: PMC6748662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The efficient interconversion
of electrical and chemical energy
requires the intimate coupling of electrons and small-molecule substrates
at catalyst active sites. In molecular electrocatalysis, the molecule
acts as a redox mediator which typically undergoes oxidation or reduction
in a separate step from substrate activation. These mediated pathways
introduce a high-energy intermediate, cap the driving force for substrate
activation at the reduction potential of the molecule, and impede
access to high rates at low overpotentials. Here we show that electronically
coupling a molecular hydrogen evolution catalyst to a graphitic electrode
eliminates stepwise pathways and forces concerted electron transfer
and proton binding. Electrochemical and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
data establish that hydrogen evolution catalysis at the graphite-conjugated
Rh molecule proceeds without first reducing the metal center. These
results have broad implications for the molecular-level design of
energy conversion catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Jackson
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Corey J Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Seokjoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jonathan F Melville
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Sinha S, Sonea A, Shen W, Hanson SS, Warren JJ. Heterogeneous Aqueous CO2 Reduction Using a Pyrene-Modified Rhenium(I) Diimine Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10454-10461. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University (SFU), 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University (SFU), 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - William Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University (SFU), 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Samuel S. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University (SFU), 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University (SFU), 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Tignor SE, Shaw TW, Bocarsly AB. Elucidating the origins of enhanced CO2 reduction in manganese electrocatalysts bearing pendant hydrogen-bond donors. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12730-12737. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic analysis showing the critical importance of an intramolecular hydrogen bond for improved insight and understanding in CO2 electroreduction.
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