1
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Heyer AJ, Ma J, Plessers D, Braun A, Bols ML, Rhoda HM, Schoonheydt RA, Sels BF, Solomon EI. Spectroscopic Investigation of the Role of Water in Copper Zeolite Methane Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21208-21213. [PMID: 39046226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases; developing technology for its abatement is essential for combating climate change. Copper zeolites can activate methane at low temperatures and pressures, demonstrating promise for this technology. However, a barrier to industrial implementation is the inability to recycle the Cu(II) active site. Anaerobic active site regeneration has been reported for copper-loaded mordenite, where it is proposed that water oxidizes Cu(I) formed from the methane reaction, producing H2 gas as a byproduct. However, this result has been met with skepticism given the overall reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable. In this study, we use X-ray absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies to study the role of water in copper zeolite methane oxidation. We find that water does not oxidize Cu(I) to Cu(II) in CH4-reacted Cu-MOR. Further, using isotope label mass spectrometry, we detail an alternate source of the hydrogen byproduct. We uncover that, although water does not oxidize Cu(I), it has the potential to facilitate low temperature methane abatement through promotion of product decomposition to carbon dioxide and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Augustin Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Max L Bols
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Hannah M Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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2
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Arora S, Gupta P. Modelling on a Biomimetic [Cu-O-Cu] 2+-mediated Methane-to-Methanol Conversion Unveils the Site for Methane Activation. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400282. [PMID: 38627954 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The Cu-O-Cu core exhibits methane-to-methanol conversion, mirroring the reactivity of the copper-containing enzyme pMMO. Herein, we computationally examined the reactivity of a biomimetic Cu-O-Cu core towards methane-to-methanol conversion. The oxygen atom of the Cu-O-Cu core abstracts hydrogen present in the C-H bond of methane. The spin density at the bridging oxygen helps to abstract hydrogen from the C-H bond. We modulated the spin density of the bridging oxygen by substituting only a single copper atom of the Cu-O-Cu core by metals (M) such as Fe, Co, and Ag. These substitutions result in bimetallic [Cu-O-M]2+ models. We observed that the energy barriers for the C-H activation step and the subsequent rebound step vary with the metal M. [Cu-O-Ag]2+ exhibits the highest reactivity for M2M conversion, while [Cu-O-Fe]2+ displays the lowest reactivity. To understand the different reactivity of these models towards M2M conversion, we employed distortion-interaction analysis, orbital analysis, spin density analysis, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis. Orbital analysis reveals that all four adducts follow a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism for C-H activation. Further, spin density analysis reveals that a higher spin density on the bridging oxygen leads to a lower C-H activation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangla Arora
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Center for Sustainable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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3
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Yang Y, Yuwono JA, Whittaker T, Ibáñez MM, Wang B, Kim C, Borisevich AY, Chua S, Prada JP, Wang X, Autran PO, Unocic RR, Dai L, Holewinski A, Bedford NM. Double Hydroxide Nanocatalysts for Urea Electrooxidation Engineered toward Environmentally Benign Products. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403187. [PMID: 39003619 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) present promising avenues for wastewater remediation and energy recovery. Despite progress toward optimized efficiency, hurdles persist in steering oxidation products away from environmentally unfriendly products, mostly due to a lack of understanding of structure-selectivity relationships. In this study, the UOR performance of Ni and Cu double hydroxides, which show marked differences in their reactivity and selectivity is evaluated. CuCo hydroxides predominantly produce N2, reaching a current density of 20 mA cmgeo -2 at 1.04 V - 250 mV less than NiCo hydroxides that generate nitrogen oxides. A collection of in-situ spectroscopies and scattering experiments reveal a unique in situ generated Cu(2-x)+-OO-• active sites in CuCo, which initiates nucleophilic substitution of NH2 from the amide, leading to N-N coupling between *NH on Co and Cu. In contrast, the formation of nitrogen oxides on NiCo is primarily attributed to the presence of high-valence Ni3+ and Ni4+, which facilitates N-H activation. This process, in conjunction with the excessive accumulation of OH- ions on Jahn-Teller (JT) distorted Co sites, leads to the generation of NO2 - as the primary product. This work underscores the importance of catalyst composition and structural engineering in tailoring innocuous UOR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Carbon Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jodie A Yuwono
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Todd Whittaker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Marc Manyé Ibáñez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Bingliang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Changmin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Albina Y Borisevich
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Stephanie Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jhair Pena Prada
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xichu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Raymond R Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Liming Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Carbon Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Adam Holewinski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Carbon Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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4
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Göltl F, Bhandari S, Lebrón-Rodríguez EA, Gold JI, Hutton DJ, Zones SI, Hermans I, Dumesic JA, Mavrikakis M. Exploring the Impact of Active Site Structure on the Conversion of Methane to Methanol in Cu-Exchanged Zeolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403179. [PMID: 38574295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In the past, Cu-oxo or -hydroxy clusters hosted in zeolites have been suggested to enable the selective conversion of methane to methanol, but the impact of the active site's stoichiometry and structure on methanol production is still poorly understood. Herein, we apply theoretical modeling in conjunction with experiments to study the impact of these two factors on partial methane oxidation in the Cu-exchanged zeolite SSZ-13. Phase diagrams developed from first-principles suggest that Cu-hydroxy or Cu-oxo dimers are stabilized when O2 or N2O are used to activate the catalyst, respectively. We confirm these predictions experimentally and determine that in a stepwise conversion process, Cu-oxo dimers can convert twice as much methane to methanol compared to Cu-hydroxyl dimers. Our theoretical models rationalize how Cu-di-oxo dimers can convert up to two methane molecules to methanol, while Cu-di-hydroxyl dimers can convert only one methane molecule to methanol per catalytic cycle. These findings imply that in Cu clusters, at least one oxo group or two hydroxyl groups are needed to convert one methane molecule to methanol per cycle. This simple structure-activity relationship allows to intuitively understand the potential of small oxygenated or hydroxylated transition metal clusters to convert methane to methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Göltl
- The University of Arizona, Department of Biosystems Engineering, 1177, E 4th St., 85719, Tucson, AZ, United States
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Saurabh Bhandari
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Edgard A Lebrón-Rodríguez
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jake I Gold
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniel J Hutton
- The University of Arizona, Department of Biosystems Engineering, 1177, E 4th St., 85719, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stacey I Zones
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, CA 94804, United States
| | - Ive Hermans
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
| | - James A Dumesic
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
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5
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Ma Y, Lang J. A thorough mechanistic study of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethylene adsorption on Cu-MOR via DFT analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4845-4854. [PMID: 38170914 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05314h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive study combining the density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio thermodynamic analysis was conducted to unravel the active sites and adsorption mechanisms of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethylene on various copper-modified mordenite (Cu-MOR) configurations, including Cu3/MOR, Cu3O3/MOR, and Cu6/MOR. This research involved an exhaustive exploration of structural and formation energies, revealing that the formation energies of these structures are temperature-dependent. Despite all three structures thermodynamically accommodating ethanol adsorption, their respective adsorption mechanisms differ significantly. In Cu3/MOR, weak van der Waals interactions predominate, while strong Cu-OOH interactions in Cu6/MOR facilitate ethanol dehydration. Conversely, Cu3O3/MOR exhibits pronounced Cu3O3-HOH interactions that favor ethanol dehydrogenation. Notably, Cu3O3/MOR displays robust ethylene adsorption, which enhances the potential for further ethylene activation. In-depth Bader charge and density of states analyses underscore the varying strengths and electronic characteristics of these interactions. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the design of highly efficient Cu-MOR catalysts tailored for the selective conversion of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Ma
- Institute of Marine Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Junyu Lang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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6
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Wijerathne A, Sawyer A, Daya R, Paolucci C. Competition between Mononuclear and Binuclear Copper Sites across Different Zeolite Topologies. JACS AU 2024; 4:197-215. [PMID: 38274255 PMCID: PMC10806779 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge for metal-exchanged zeolites is the determination of metal cation speciation and nuclearity under synthesis and reaction conditions. Copper-exchanged zeolites, which are widely used in automotive emissions control and potential catalysts for partial methane oxidation, have in particular evidenced a wide variety of Cu structures that are observed to change with exposure conditions, zeolite composition, and topology. Here, we develop predictive models for Cu cation speciation and nuclearity in CHA, MOR, BEA, AFX, and FER zeolite topologies using interatomic potentials, quantum chemical calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations to interrogate this vast configurational and compositional space. Model predictions are used to rationalize experimentally observed differences between Cu-zeolites in a wide-body of literature, including nuclearity populations, structural variations, and methanol per Cu yields. Our results show that both topological features and commonly observed Al-siting biases in MOR zeolites increase the population of binuclear Cu sites, explaining the small population of mononuclear Cu sites observed in these materials relative to other zeolites such as CHA and BEA. Finally, we used a machine learning classification model to determine the preference to form mononuclear or binuclear Cu sites at different Al configurations in 200 zeolites in the international zeolite database. Model results reveal several zeolite topologies at extreme ends of the mononuclear vs binuclear spectrum, highlighting synthetic options for realization of zeolites with strong Cu nuclearity preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanka Wijerathne
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Allison Sawyer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Rohil Daya
- Cummins
Inc, Columbus, Indiana 47201, United States
| | - Christopher Paolucci
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
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7
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Zhang H, Guo J, Cao Y. Continuous selective conversion of methane to methanol over a Cu-KFI zeolite catalyst using a water-O 2 mixture as the oxygen source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:228-231. [PMID: 38051661 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The continuous catalytic oxidation of methane to methanol on a Cu-KFI zeolite using water-O2 mixture as the oxidant is reported. A high methanol space-time yield of 880.3 mmol molCu-1 h-1 with 83% selectivity is achieved at 450 °C. Isotopic labelling experiments show that both H2O and O2 provide the oxygen source in this catalytic methane-to-methanol conversion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jiaxiu Guo
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
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8
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Zhang H, Han P, Wu D, Du C, Zhao J, Zhang KHL, Lin J, Wan S, Huang J, Wang S, Xiong H, Wang Y. Confined Cu-OH single sites in SSZ-13 zeolite for the direct oxidation of methane to methanol. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7705. [PMID: 38001068 PMCID: PMC10673993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct oxidation of methane to methanol (MTM) remains a significant challenge in heterogeneous catalysis due to the high dissociation energy of the C-H bond in methane and the high desorption energy of methanol. In this work, we demonstrate a breakthrough in selective MTM by achieving a high methanol space-time yield of 2678 mmol molCu-1 h-1 with 93% selectivity in a continuous methane-steam reaction at 400 °C. The superior performance is attributed to the confinement effect of 6-membered ring (6MR) voids in SSZ-13 zeolite, which host isolated Cu-OH single sites. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the role of Cu-zeolites in continuous methane-steam to methanol conversion and pave the way for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Peijie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Danfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Congcong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiafei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kelvin H L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jingdong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shaolong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Haifeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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9
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Yang Y, Kanchanakungwankul S, Bhaumik S, Ma Q, Ahn S, Truhlar DG, Hupp JT. Bioinspired Cu(II) Defect Sites in ZIF-8 for Selective Methane Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22019-22030. [PMID: 37782301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Activating the C-H bonds of alkanes without further oxidation to more thermodynamically stable products, CO and CO2, is a long-sought goal of catalytic chemistry. Inspired by the monocopper active site of methane monooxygenase, we synthesized a Cu-doped ZIF-8 metal-organic framework with 25% Cu and 75% Zn in the nodes and activated it by heating to 200 °C and dosing in a stepwise fashion with O2, methane, and steam. We found that it does oxidize methane to methanol and formaldehyde. The catalysis persists through at least five cycles, and beyond the third cycle, the selectivity improves to the extent that no CO2 can be detected. Experimental characterization and analysis were carried out by PXRD, DRUV-vis, SEM, and XAS (XANES and EXAFS). The reaction is postulated to proceed at open-coordination copper sites generated by defects, and the mechanism of methanol production was explicated by density functional calculations with the revMO6-L exchange-correlation functional. The calculations reveal a catalytic cycle of oxygen-activated CuI involving the conversion of two molecules of CH4 to two molecules of CH3OH by a sequence of hydrogen atom transfer reactions and rebound steps. For most steps in the cycle, the reaction is more favored by singlet species than by triplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Siriluk Kanchanakungwankul
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Suman Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Qing Ma
- DND-CAT, Northwestern Synchrotron Research Center at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sol Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Kvande K, Garetto B, Deplano G, Signorile M, Solemsli BG, Prodinger S, Olsbye U, Beato P, Bordiga S, Svelle S, Borfecchia E. Understanding C-H activation in light alkanes over Cu-MOR zeolites by coupling advanced spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction experiments. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9704-9723. [PMID: 37736625 PMCID: PMC10510758 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct activation of methane to methanol (MTM) proceeds through a chemical-looping process over Cu-oxo sites in zeolites. Herein, we extend the overall understanding of oxidation reactions over metal-oxo sites and C-H activation reactions by pinpointing the evolution of Cu species during reduction. To do so, a set of temperature-programmed reduction experiments were performed with CH4, C2H6, and CO. With a temperature ramp, the Cu reduction could be accelerated to detect changes in Cu speciation that are normally not detected due to the slow CH4 adsorption/interaction during MTM (∼200 °C). To follow the Cu-speciation with the three reductants, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy were applied. Multivariate curve resolution alternating least-square (MCR-ALS) analysis was used to resolve the time-dependent concentration profiles of pure Cu components in the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra. Within the large datasets, as many as six different CuII and CuI components were found. Close correlations were found between the XANES-derived CuII to CuI reduction, CH4 consumption, and CO2 production. A reducibility-activity relationship was also observed for the Cu-MOR zeolites. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra for the pure Cu components were furthermore obtained with MCR-ALS analysis. With wavelet transform (WT) analysis of the EXAFS spectra, we were able to resolve the atomic speciation at different radial distances from Cu (up to about 4 Å). These results indicate that all the CuII components consist of multimeric CuII-oxo sites, albeit with different Cu-Cu distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Kvande
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Beatrice Garetto
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, 10125 Turin Via P. Giuria 7 Italy
| | - Gabriele Deplano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, 10125 Turin Via P. Giuria 7 Italy
| | - Matteo Signorile
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, 10125 Turin Via P. Giuria 7 Italy
| | - Bjørn Gading Solemsli
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Sebastian Prodinger
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Pablo Beato
- Topsoe A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé 1 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, 10125 Turin Via P. Giuria 7 Italy
| | - Stian Svelle
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Elisa Borfecchia
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, 10125 Turin Via P. Giuria 7 Italy
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11
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Tao L, Khramenkova E, Lee I, Ikuno T, Khare R, Jentys A, Fulton JL, Kolganov AA, Pidko EA, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Lercher JA. Speciation and Reactivity Control of Cu-Oxo Clusters via Extraframework Al in Mordenite for Methane Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17710-17719. [PMID: 37545395 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The stoichiometric conversion of methane to methanol by Cu-exchanged zeolites can be brought to highest yields by the presence of extraframework Al and high CH4 chemical potentials. Combining theory and experiments, the differences in chemical reactivity of monometallic Cu-oxo and bimetallic Cu-Al-oxo nanoclusters stabilized in zeolite mordenite (MOR) are investigated. Cu-L3 edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies, in combination with CH4 oxidation activity tests, support the presence of two types of active clusters in MOR and allow quantification of the relative proportions of each type in dependence of the Cu concentration. Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) calculations and thermodynamic analyses indicate that the superior performance of materials enriched in Cu-Al-oxo clusters is related to the activity of two μ-oxo bridges in the cluster. Replacing H2O with ethanol in the product extraction step led to the formation of ethyl methyl ether, expanding this way the applicability of these materials for the activation and functionalization of CH4. We show that competition between different ion-exchanged metal-oxo structures during the synthesis of Cu-exchanged zeolites determines the formation of active species, and this provides guidelines for the synthesis of highly active materials for CH4 activation and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Khramenkova
- Inorganic Systems Engineering (ISE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Insu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takaaki Ikuno
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rachit Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Jentys
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - John L Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alexander A Kolganov
- Inorganic Systems Engineering (ISE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering (ISE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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12
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Chai Y, Qin B, Li B, Dai W, Wu G, Guan N, Li L. Zeolite-encaged mononuclear copper centers catalyze CO 2 selective hydrogenation to methanol. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad043. [PMID: 37547060 PMCID: PMC10401316 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol by renewable hydrogen source represents an attractive route for CO2 recycling and is carbon neutral. Stable catalysts with high activity and methanol selectivity are being vigorously pursued, and current debates on the active site and reaction pathway need to be clarified. Here, we report a design of faujasite-encaged mononuclear Cu centers, namely Cu@FAU, for this challenging reaction. Stable methanol space-time-yield (STY) of 12.8 mmol gcat-1 h-1 and methanol selectivity of 89.5% are simultaneously achieved at a relatively low reaction temperature of 513 K, making Cu@FAU a potential methanol synthesis catalyst from CO2 hydrogenation. With zeolite-encaged mononuclear Cu centers as the destined active sites, the unique reaction pathway of stepwise CO2 hydrogenation over Cu@FAU is illustrated. This work provides a clear example of catalytic reaction with explicit structure-activity relationship and highlights the power of zeolite catalysis in complex chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weili Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guangjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Naijia Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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13
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Plessers D, Heyer AJ, Rhoda HM, Bols ML, Solomon EI, Schoonheydt RA, Sels BF. Tuning Copper Active Site Composition in Cu-MOR through Co-Cation Modification for Methane Activation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander J. Heyer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Hannah M. Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Max L. Bols
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Robert A. Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Yousefzadeh H, Bozbag SE, Sushkevich V, van Bokhoven JA, Erkey C. Stepwise conversion of methane to methanol over Cu-mordenite prepared by supercritical and aqueous ion exchange routes and quantification of active Cu species by H2-TPR. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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15
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Kolganov AA, Gabrienko AA, Stepanov AG. Reaction of Methane with Benzene and CO on Cu-Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite Investigated by 13C MAS NMR Spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Heyer AJ, Plessers D, Braun A, Rhoda HM, Bols ML, Hedman B, Hodgson KO, Schoonheydt RA, Sels BF, Solomon EI. Methane Activation by a Mononuclear Copper Active Site in the Zeolite Mordenite: Effect of Metal Nuclearity on Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19305-19316. [PMID: 36219763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct conversion of methane to methanol would have a wide reaching environmental and industrial impact. Copper-containing zeolites can perform this reaction at low temperatures and pressures at a previously defined O2-activated [Cu2O]2+ site. However, after autoreduction of the copper-containing zeolite mordenite and removal of the [Cu2O]2+ active site, the zeolite is still methane reactive. In this study, we use diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, magnetic circular dichroism, resonance Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to unambiguously define a mononuclear [CuOH]+ as the CH4 reactive active site of the autoreduced zeolite. The rigorous identification of a mononuclear active site allows a reactivity comparison to the previously defined [Cu2O]2+ active site. We perform kinetic experiments to compare the reactivity of the [CuOH]+ and [Cu2O]2+ sites and find that the binuclear site is significantly more reactive. From the analysis of density functional theory calculations, we elucidate that this increased reactivity is a direct result of stabilization of the [Cu2OH]2+ H-atom abstraction product by electron delocalization over the two Cu cations via the bridging ligand. This significant increase in reactivity from electron delocalization over a binuclear active site provides new insights for the design of highly reactive oxidative catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, LeuvenB-3001, Belgium
| | - Augustin Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Hannah M Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Max L Bols
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, LeuvenB-3001, Belgium
| | - Britt Hedman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Keith O Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States.,Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, LeuvenB-3001, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, LeuvenB-3001, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States.,Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
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17
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Xue Z, Liu P, Li N, Ling L, Liu P, Shen X, Zhang R, Wang B. Effect of ZSM–5 with different active centers on methane partial oxidation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Prodinger S, Kvande K, Arstad B, Borfecchia E, Beato P, Svelle S. Synthesis–Structure–Activity Relationship in Cu-MOR for Partial Methane Oxidation: Al Siting via Inorganic Structure-Directing Agents. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Prodinger
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline Kvande
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elisa Borfecchia
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Pablo Beato
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stian Svelle
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Xiong H, Zhang H, Lv J, Zhang Z, Du C, Wang S, Lin J, Wan S, Wang Y. Oxidation of methane to methanol by water over Cu/SSZ‐13: impact of Cu loading and formation of active sites. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xiong
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Siming district of Xiamen city, Fujian province, China 361005 xiamen CHINA
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianhang Lv
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhun Zhang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Shuai Wang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jingdong Lin
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Shaolong Wan
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yong Wang
- Washington State University Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering UNITED STATES
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20
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Increase the number of active sites in Cu-MOR through NO/NH3 pretreatment for catalytic oxidation of methane to methanol. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Sun Q, Wang N, Yu J. Advances in Catalytic Applications of Zeolite-Supported Metal Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104442. [PMID: 34611941 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites possessing large specific surface areas, ordered micropores, and adjustable acidity/basicity have emerged as ideal supports to immobilize metal species with small sizes and high dispersities. In recent years, the zeolite-supported metal catalysts have been widely used in diverse catalytic processes, showing excellent activity, superior thermal/hydrothermal stability, and unique shape-selectivity. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art achievements in catalytic applications of zeolite-supported metal catalysts are presented for important heterogeneous catalytic processes in the last five years, mainly including 1) the hydrogenation reactions (e.g., CO/CO2 hydrogenation, hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, and hydrogenation of nitrogenous compounds); 2) dehydrogenation reactions (e.g., alkane dehydrogenation and dehydrogenation of chemical hydrogen storage materials); 3) oxidation reactions (e.g., CO oxidation, methane oxidation, and alkene epoxidation); and 4) other reactions (e.g., hydroisomerization reaction and selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia reaction). Finally, some current limitations and future perspectives on the challenge and opportunity for this subject are pointed out. It is believed that this review will inspire more innovative research on the synthesis and catalysis of zeolite-supported metal catalysts and promote their future developments to meet the emerging demands for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Sun
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences|College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences|College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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22
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Mizuno SC, Dulnee S, Pereira TC, Passini RJ, Urquieta-Gonzalez EA, Gallo JMR, Santos JB, Bueno JM. Stepwise methane to methanol conversion: Effect of copper loading on the formation of active species in copper-exchanged mordenite. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Lee I, Lee MS, Tao L, Ikuno T, Khare R, Jentys A, Huthwelker T, Borca CN, Kalinko A, Gutiérrez OY, Govind N, Fulton JL, Hu JZ, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Lercher JA. Activity of Cu-Al-Oxo Extra-Framework Clusters for Selective Methane Oxidation on Cu-Exchanged Zeolites. JACS AU 2021; 1:1412-1421. [PMID: 34604851 PMCID: PMC8479761 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cu-zeolites are able to directly convert methane to methanol via a three-step process using O2 as oxidant. Among the different zeolite topologies, Cu-exchanged mordenite (MOR) shows the highest methanol yields, attributed to a preferential formation of active Cu-oxo species in its 8-MR pores. The presence of extra-framework or partially detached Al species entrained in the micropores of MOR leads to the formation of nearly homotopic redox active Cu-Al-oxo nanoclusters with the ability to activate CH4. Studies of the activity of these sites together with characterization by 27Al NMR and IR spectroscopy leads to the conclusion that the active species are located in the 8-MR side pockets of MOR, and it consists of two Cu ions and one Al linked by O. This Cu-Al-oxo cluster shows an activity per Cu in methane oxidation significantly higher than of any previously reported active Cu-oxo species. In order to determine unambiguously the structure of the active Cu-Al-oxo cluster, we combine experimental XANES of Cu K- and L-edges, Cu K-edge HERFD-XANES, and Cu K-edge EXAFS with TDDFT and AIMD-assisted simulations. Our results provide evidence of a [Cu2AlO3]2+ cluster exchanged on MOR Al pairs that is able to oxidize up to two methane molecules per cluster at ambient pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Lei Tao
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takaaki Ikuno
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rachit Khare
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Jentys
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Huthwelker
- Swiss
Light Source, Laboratory for Synchrotron
Radiation and Femtochemistry (LSF), Forschungsstrasse 110 Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Camelia N. Borca
- Swiss
Light Source, Laboratory for Synchrotron
Radiation and Femtochemistry (LSF), Forschungsstrasse 110 Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Niri Govind
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- E-mail:
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24
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Bregante DT, Wilcox LN, Liu C, Paolucci C, Gounder R, Flaherty DW. Dioxygen Activation Kinetics over Distinct Cu Site Types in Cu-Chabazite Zeolites. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Bregante
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Laura N. Wilcox
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Changming Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Christopher Paolucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David W. Flaherty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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25
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Towards continuous deoxygenation of acetic acid catalyzed by recyclable mono/bi/trimetallic zeolite catalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Zhong X, Bouchey CJ, Kabir E, Tolman WB. Using a monocopper-superoxo complex to prepare multicopper-peroxo species relevant to proposed enzyme intermediates. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 222:111498. [PMID: 34120095 PMCID: PMC9835715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of generating a (peroxo)tricopper species analogous to the Peroxy Intermediate proposed for multicopper oxidases, solutions of the copper-superoxide complex [K(Krypt)][LCuO2] (L = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide, Krypt = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) were reacted with the dicopper(I) complex [(TPBN)Cu2(MeCN)2][PF6]2 at -70 °C (TPBN = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane). A metastable intermediate formed, which on the basis of UV-vis, EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy was proposed to derive from reaction of two equivalents of the copper-superoxide with one equivalent of the dicopper(I) complex to yield a complex with two (peroxo)dicopper moieties rather than the desired (peroxo)tricopper PI model. A similar intermediate formed upon reaction of [K(Krypt)][LCuO2] with [(BPMA)Cu(MeCN)][PF6] (BPMA = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-methyl-amine), which contained the same donor set as provided by TPBN. Comparison of resonance Raman data and consideration of structural preferences for LCuX species led to hypothesis of a μ-η1:η2-peroxo structure for both intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America
| | - Caitlin J. Bouchey
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Evanta Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America,Corresponding author. (W.B. Tolman)
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27
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Álvarez M, Marín P, Ordóñez S. Harnessing of Diluted Methane Emissions by Direct Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol over Cu/Mordenite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:9409-9417. [PMID: 35273425 PMCID: PMC8900128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The upgrading of diluted methane
emissions into valuable products
can be accomplished at low temperatures (200 °C) by the direct
partial oxidation of methanol over copper-exchanged zeolite catalysts.
The reaction has been studied in a continuous fixed-bed reactor loaded
with a Cu–mordenite catalyst, according to a three-step cyclic
process: adsorption of methane, desorption of methanol, and reactivation
of the catalyst. The purpose of the work is the use of methane emissions
as feedstocks, which is challenging due to their low methane concentration
and the presence of oxygen. Methane concentration had a marked influence
on methane adsorption and methanol production (decreased from 164
μmol/g Cu for pure methane to 19 μmol/g Cu for 5% methane).
The presence of oxygen, even in low concentrations (2.5%), reduced
methane adsorption drastically. However, methanol production was only
affected slightly (average decrease of 9%), concluding that methane
adsorbed on the active centers yielding methanol is not influenced
by oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Álvarez
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Chemistry, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Marín
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Chemistry, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Salvador Ordóñez
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Chemistry, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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28
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Critical Role of Al Pair Sites in Methane Oxidation to Methanol on Cu-Exchanged Mordenite Zeolites. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu-exchanged aluminosilicate zeolites have been intensively studied for the selective oxidation of methane to methanol via a chemical looping manner, while the nature of active Cu-oxo species for these catalysts is still under debate. This study inquired into the effects of Al distribution on methane oxidation over Cu-exchanged aluminosilicate zeolites, which provided an effective way to discern the activity difference between mononuclear and polynuclear Cu-oxo species. Specifically, conventional Na+/Co2+ ion-exchange methods were applied to quantify isolated Al and Al pair (i.e., Al−OH−(Si−O)1–3−Al−OH) sites for three mordenite (MOR) zeolites, and a correlation was established between the reactivity of the resultant Cu-MOR catalysts and the portions of the accessible framework Al sites. These results indicated that the Cu-oxo clusters derived from the Al pair sites were more reactive than the CuOH species grafted at the isolated Al sites, which is consistent with in situ ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations. Further theoretical analysis of the first C–H bond cleavage in methane on these Cu-oxo species unveiled that stabilization of the formed methyl group was the predominant factor in determining the reactivity of methane oxidation.
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29
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Göltl F, Bhandari S, Mavrikakis M. Thermodynamics Perspective on the Stepwise Conversion of Methane to Methanol over Cu-Exchanged SSZ-13. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Göltl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Saurabh Bhandari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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30
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Adeyiga O, Odoh SO. Methane Over-Oxidation by Extra-Framework Copper-Oxo Active Sites of Copper-Exchanged Zeolites: Crucial Role of Traps for the Separated Methyl Group. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1101-1109. [PMID: 33786957 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Copper-exchanged zeolites are useful for stepwise conversion of methane to methanol at moderate temperatures. This process also generates some over-oxidation products like CO and CO2 . However, mechanistic pathways for methane over-oxidation by copper-oxo active sites in these zeolites have not been previously described. Adequate understanding of methane over-oxidation is useful for developing systems with higher methanol yields and selectivities. Here, we use density functional theory (DFT) to examine methane over-oxidation by [Cu3 O3 ]2+ active sites in zeolite mordenite MOR. The methyl group formed after activation of a methane C-H bond can be stabilized at a μ-oxo atom of the active site. This μ-(O-CH3 ) intermediate can undergo sequential hydrogen atom abstractions till eventual formation of a copper-monocarbonyl species. Adsorbed formaldehyde, water and formates are also formed during this process. The overall mechanistic path is exothermic, and all intermediate steps are facile at 200 °C. Release of CO from the copper-monocarbonyl costs only 3.4 kcal/mol. Thus, for high methanol selectivities, the methyl group from the first hydrogen atom abstraction step must be stabilized away from copper-oxo active sites. Indeed, it must be quickly trapped at an unreactive site (short diffusion lengths) while avoiding copper-oxo species (large paths between active sites). This stabilization of the methyl group away from the active sites is central to the high methanol selectivities obtained with stepwise methane-to-methanol conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Adeyiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557-0216, USA
| | - Samuel O Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557-0216, USA
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31
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Geer AM, Musgrave III C, Webber C, Nielsen RJ, McKeown BA, Liu C, Schleker PPM, Jakes P, Jia X, Dickie DA, Granwehr J, Zhang S, Machan CW, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Trinuclear Copper(II) Complex. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Geer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Musgrave III
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher Webber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bradley A. McKeown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - P. Philipp M. Schleker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Jakes
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Josef Granwehr
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles W. Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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32
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Pappas DK, Kvande K, Kalyva M, Dyballa M, Lomachenko KA, Arstad B, Borfecchia E, Bordiga S, Olsbye U, Beato P, Svelle S. Influence of Cu-speciation in mordenite on direct methane to methanol conversion: Multi-Technique characterization and comparison with NH3 selective catalytic reduction of NOx. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Yu T, Li Z, Lin L, Chu S, Su Y, Song W, Wang A, Weckhuysen BM, Luo W. Highly Selective Oxidation of Methane into Methanol over Cu-Promoted Monomeric Fe/ZSM-5. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Lu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengqi Chu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Wenhao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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34
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Rhoda HM, Plessers D, Heyer AJ, Bols ML, Schoonheydt RA, Sels BF, Solomon EI. Spectroscopic Definition of a Highly Reactive Site in Cu-CHA for Selective Methane Oxidation: Tuning a Mono-μ-Oxo Dicopper(II) Active Site for Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7531-7540. [PMID: 33970624 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy, we identify a [Cu2O]2+ active site in O2 and N2O activated Cu-CHA that reacts with methane to form methanol at low temperature. The Cu-O-Cu angle (120°) is smaller than that for the [Cu2O]2+ core on Cu-MFI (140°), and its coordination geometry to the zeolite lattice is different. Site-selective kinetics obtained by operando UV-vis show that the [Cu2O]2+ core on Cu-CHA is more reactive than the [Cu2O]2+ site in Cu-MFI. From DFT calculations, we find that the increased reactivity of Cu-CHA is a direct reflection of the strong [Cu2OH]2+ bond formed along the H atom abstraction reaction coordinate. A systematic evaluation of these [Cu2O]2+ cores reveals that the higher O-H bond strength in Cu-CHA is due to the relative orientation of the two planes of the coordinating bidentate O-Al-O T-sites that connect the [Cu2O]2+ core to the zeolite lattice. This work along with our earlier study ( J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2018, 140, 9236-9243) elucidates how zeolite lattice constraints can influence active site reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Max L Bols
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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35
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Suleiman O, Panthi D, Adeyiga O, Odoh SO. Methane C-H Activation by [Cu 2O] 2+ and [Cu 3O 3] 2+ in Copper-Exchanged Zeolites: Computational Analysis of Redox Chemistry and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6218-6227. [PMID: 33876934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate regarding the role of [Cu3O3]2+ in methane-to-methanol conversion by copper-exchanged zeolites. Here, we perform electronic structure analysis and localized orbital bonding analysis to probe the redox chemistry of its Cu and μ-oxo sites. Also, the X-ray absorption near-edge structure, XANES, of methane activation in [Cu3O3]2+ is compared to that of the more ubiquitous [Cu2O]2+. Methane C-H activation is associated with only the Cu2+/Cu+ redox couple in [Cu2O]2+. For [Cu3O3]2+, there is no basis for the Cu3+/Cu2+ couple's participation at the density functional theory ground state. In [Cu3O3]2+, there are many possible intrazeolite intermediates for methane activation. In the nine possibilities that we examined, methane activation is driven by a combination of the Cu2+/Cu+ and oxyl/O2- redox couples. Based on this, the Cu 1s-edge XANES spectra of [Cu2O]2+ and [Cu3O3]2+ should both have energy signatures of Cu2+ → Cu+ reduction during methane activation. This is indeed what we obtained from the calculated XANES spectra. [Cu2O]2+ and [Cu3O3]2+ intermediates with one Cu+ site are shifted by 0.9-1.7 eV, while those with two Cu+ sites are shifted by 3.0-4.2 eV. These are near a range of 2.5-3.2 eV observed experimentally after contacting methane with activated copper-exchanged zeolites. Thus, activation of methane by [Cu3O3]2+ will lead to formation of Cu+ sites. Importantly, for future quantitative XANES studies, involvement of O- + e- → O2- in [Cu3O3]2+ implies a disconnect between the overall reactivity and the number of electrons used in the Cu2+/Cu+ redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Suleiman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Dipak Panthi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Olajumoke Adeyiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Samuel O Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
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36
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Brezicki G, Zheng J, Paolucci C, Schlögl R, Davis RJ. Effect of the Co-cation on Cu Speciation in Cu-Exchanged Mordenite and ZSM-5 Catalysts for the Oxidation of Methane to Methanol. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Brezicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer’s Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United States
| | - Jonathan Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer’s Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United States
| | - Christopher Paolucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer’s Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United States
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert J. Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer’s Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United States
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37
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Ohyama J, Hirayama A, Tsuchimura Y, Kondou N, Yoshida H, Machida M, Nishimura S, Kato K, Miyazato I, Takahashi K. Catalytic direct oxidation of methane to methanol by redox of copper mordenite. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic production of CH3OH by direct oxidation of CH4 with O2 was performed using Cu zeolites in a CH4/O2/H2O flow reaction, where Cu-MOR exhibited relatively high CH3OH production with the redox of Cu(i)/Cu(ii) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ohyama
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
| | - Airi Hirayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
| | - Yuka Tsuchimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
| | - Nahoko Kondou
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
| | - Masato Machida
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
| | - Shun Nishimura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST)
- Nomi
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Kato
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
- Japan
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38
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Knorpp AJ, Pinar AB, Newton MA, Li T, Calbry-Muzyka A, van Bokhoven JA. Copper-exchanged large-port and small-port mordenite (MOR) for methane-to-methanol conversion. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31058-31061. [PMID: 35498933 PMCID: PMC9041376 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolite mordenite (MOR) is one of the most studied zeolites for the stepwise direct conversion of methane to methanol, but it also can exist in two forms: large port and small port. Here we report that the synthesis and selection of the parent mordenite is critical for optimizing productivity, and that large-port mordenite outperforms small-port mordenite for the stepwise conversion of methane to methanol. The synthesis and selection of large-port mordenite is critical for optimizing productivity for the direct conversion of methane to methanol.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Knorpp
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ana B. Pinar
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Mark A. Newton
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Teng Li
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Adelaide Calbry-Muzyka
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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39
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Yan F, Zhou L, Han B, Zhang Y, Li B, Wang L, Zhu L. Zeolite Immobilized Copper Catalyzed Conjugate Borylation of α, β-Unsaturated Compounds in Aqueous Media. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202011017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Wilcox LN, Krishna SH, Jones CB, Gounder R. Mechanistic studies of NH 3-assisted reduction of mononuclear Cu( ii) cation sites in Cu-CHA zeolites. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, titrimetric, and gas-phase product analysis methods reveal a six-electron process for NH3-assisted reduction of mononuclear Cu(ii) sites to Cu(i) in Cu-CHA zeolites of different Cu(ii) site speciation and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Wilcox
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Siddarth H. Krishna
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Casey B. Jones
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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41
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Mesilov V, Dahlin S, Bergman SL, Hammershøi PS, Xi S, Pettersson LJ, Bernasek SL. Insights into sulfur poisoning and regeneration of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts: in situ Cu and S K-edge XAS studies. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temperature during sulfur poisoning affects the relation between total sulfur content and the fraction of sulfur-free copper in poisoned and regenerated Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Mesilov
- Science Division
- Yale-NUS College
- Singapore 138527
- Singapore
| | - Sandra Dahlin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm 10044
- Sweden
- Scania CV AB
| | | | | | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences
- A*STAR
- Singapore 627833
- Singapore
| | - Lars J. Pettersson
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm 10044
- Sweden
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42
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Zheng J, Lee I, Khramenkova E, Wang M, Peng B, Gutiérrez OY, Fulton JL, Camaioni DM, Khare R, Jentys A, Haller GL, Pidko EA, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Lercher JA. Importance of Methane Chemical Potential for Its Conversion to Methanol on Cu-Exchanged Mordenite. Chemistry 2020; 26:7563-7567. [PMID: 32092206 PMCID: PMC7317825 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Copper-oxo clusters exchanged in zeolite mordenite are active in the stoichiometric conversion of methane to methanol at low temperatures. Here, we show an unprecedented methanol yield per Cu of 0.6, with a 90-95 % selectivity, on a MOR solely containing [Cu3 (μ-O)3 ]2+ active sites. DFT calculations, spectroscopic characterization and kinetic analysis show that increasing the chemical potential of methane enables the utilization of two μ-oxo bridge oxygen out of the three available in the tricopper-oxo cluster structure. Methanol and methoxy groups are stabilized in parallel, leading to methanol desorption in the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Insu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Khramenkova
- Inorganic Systems Engineering (ISE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Oliver Y Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - John L Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Donald M Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rachit Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Jentys
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gary L Haller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Evgeny A Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering (ISE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute, TU München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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43
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Sun G, Alexandrova AN, Sautet P. Structural Rearrangements of Subnanometer Cu Oxide Clusters Govern Catalytic Oxidation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California Nano Systems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California Nano Systems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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44
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Kvande K, Pappas DK, Borfecchia E, Lomachenko KA. Advanced X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis to Determine Structure‐Activity Relationships for Cu‐Zeolites in the Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Kvande
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department of Chemistry University of Oslo Sem Sælands vei 26 0371 Oslo Norway
| | - Dimitrios K. Pappas
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department of Chemistry University of Oslo Sem Sælands vei 26 0371 Oslo Norway
| | - Elisa Borfecchia
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Kirill A. Lomachenko
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220 Grenoble Cedex 9 38043 France
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45
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Newton MA, Knorpp AJ, Sushkevich VL, Palagin D, van Bokhoven JA. Active sites and mechanisms in the direct conversion of methane to methanol using Cu in zeolitic hosts: a critical examination. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1449-1486. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review we examine the current state of our knowledge in respect of the nature of the active sites in copper containing zeolites for the selective conversion of methane to methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Newton
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Amy J. Knorpp
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Vitaly L. Sushkevich
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | - Dennis Palagin
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
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46
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Tao L, Lee I, Sanchez-Sanchez M. Cu oxo nanoclusters for direct oxidation of methane to methanol: formation, structure and catalytic performance. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu oxo nanoclusters hosted in microporous solids have emerged in the past decades as promising materials for catalyzing the selective conversion of methane to methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Insu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
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47
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Newton MA, Knorpp AJ, Meyet J, Stoian D, Nachtegaal M, Clark AH, Safonova OV, Emerich H, van Beek W, Sushkevich VL, van Bokhoven JA. Unwanted effects of X-rays in surface grafted copper(ii) organometallics and copper exchanged zeolites, how they manifest, and what can be done about them. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6826-6837. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Commonly applied powder densities at modern X-ray spectroscopy resources have the capacity to affect, in a deleterious manner, the results obtained from a measurement on copper(ii) containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Newton
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Amy J. Knorpp
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jordan Meyet
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut
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48
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Sun H, Liu C, Chen H. Nature of Cu active sites in zeolite-based catalysts for selective catalytic oxidation of methane. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Palagin D, Sushkevich VL, van Bokhoven JA. Water Molecules Facilitate Hydrogen Release in Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane to Methanol over Cu/Mordenite. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Palagin
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Vitaly L. Sushkevich
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Wu JF, Gao XD, Wu LM, Wang WD, Yu SM, Bai S. Mechanistic Insights on the Direct Conversion of Methane into Methanol over Cu/Na–ZSM-5 Zeolite: Evidence from EPR and Solid-State NMR. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei David Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Min Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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