1
|
Lindner H, Schneider M, Mader P, Su F, Carreira EM. Synthesis of Primary Amines via Hydrogen Atom Transfer-Initiated Cyclization/Reduction Cascade of Unsaturated Nitriles. Org Lett 2024; 26:5467-5471. [PMID: 38913674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a hydrogen atom transfer-initiated cyclization/reduction cascade for the synthesis of primary amines from δ,ε- and ε,ζ-unsaturated nitriles. The HAT transformation employs Mn(acac)3 as a catalyst and utilizes air as an oxidant along with NaBH4 as a dual-purpose reductant toward the olefin and subsequently C═N. Aromatic and aliphatic nitriles incorporating mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins are substrates for the reaction. Starting materials bearing malonates are transformed into the corresponding bicyclic lactams, enabling the rapid buildup of structural complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lindner
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schneider
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Mader
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Su
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang L, Shen C, Hao S, Dong K. A Type of Chiral C 2-Symmetric Arylthiol Catalyst for Highly Enantioselective Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16248-16256. [PMID: 38808533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The development of chiral hydrogen donor catalysts is fundamental in the expansion and innovation of asymmetric organocatalyzed reactions via an enantioselective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process. Herein, an unprecedented type of chiral C2-symmetric arylthiol catalysts derived from readily available enantiomeric lactate ester was developed. With these catalysts, an asymmetric anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroamination-cyclization reaction was established, affording a variety of pharmaceutically interesting 3-substituted piperidines with moderate to high enantioselectivity. Results of the designed control experiments and theoretical computation rationalized the origin of stereocontrol and disclosed the spatial effect of the moiety of chiral thiols on the enantioselectivity. We believed the facile synthesis, flexible tunability, and effective enantioselectivity-controlling capability of these catalysts would shed light on the development of versatile chiral HAT catalysts and related asymmetric reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shaoyu Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lindner H, Amberg WM, Martini T, Fischer DM, Moore E, Carreira EM. Photo- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocycles via Cycloisomerization of Unactivated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319515. [PMID: 38415968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report a general, intramolecular cycloisomerization of unactivated olefins with pendant nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates ethers, esters, protected amines, acetals, pyrazoles, carbamates, and arenes. It is amenable to N-, O-, as well as C-nucleophiles, yielding a number of different heterocycles including, but not limited to, pyrrolidines, piperidines, oxazolidinones, and lactones. Use of both a benzothiazinoquinoxaline as organophotocatalyst and a Co-salen catalyst obviates the need for stoichiometric oxidant or reductant. We showcase the utility of the protocol in late-stage drug diversification and synthesis of several small natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lindner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Willi M Amberg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tristano Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David M Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eléonore Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tanaka N, Zhu JL, Valencia OL, Schull CR, Scheidt KA. Cooperative Carbene Photocatalysis for β-Amino Ester Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37906227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino acids are useful building blocks of bioactive molecules, including peptidomimetics and pharmaceutical compounds. The current limited accessibility to β2,2-type amino acids which bear an α-quaternary center has limited their use in chemical synthesis and biological investigations. Disclosed herein is the development of a new N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalyzed aminocarboxylation of olefins, affording β2,2-amino esters with high regioselectivity. The generation of nitrogen-centered radicals derived from simple imides via a sequence of deprotonation and single-electron oxidation allows for the subsequent addition to geminal-disubstituted olefins regioselectively. The intermediate tertiary radicals then cross-couple with a stabilized azolium-based radical generated in situ to efficiently construct the quaternary centers. Mechanistic studies, including Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching experiments, support the proposed catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua L Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Oniya L Valencia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cullen R Schull
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu K, He YX, Lei ZY, Ran Y, Geng S, Chen LN, Pan L, Li YL, Huang F. Photocatalytic Intramolecular Alkene Hydroamination of N-Alkoxy Ureas: An Approach to Imidazolinones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12727-12737. [PMID: 37596973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolinones were obtained in good yields by intramolecular hydroamination of N-alkoxy ureas in the presence of an organic photocatalyst and an inorganic base. In this reaction, the N-alkoxy urea anion generated by deprotonation undergoes photocatalyzed single-electron-transfer oxidation to generate the corresponding radical, which cyclizes to afford the imidazolinone ring. This new protocol grants access to an array of complex molecules containing a privileged imidazolinone core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Xiang He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ran
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Shu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang CC, Wu HL, Yu XC, Wang LT, Zhou Y, Sun YB, Wei WT. Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Aminoalkylation of Amino-Pendant Olefins. Org Lett 2023; 25:5862-5868. [PMID: 37534703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The combination of photo and copper catalysts has emerged as a novel paradigm in organic catalysis, which provides access to the acceleration of chemical synthesis. Herein, we describe an aminoalkylation of amino-dependent olefins with maleimides through a cooperative photo/copper catalytic system. In this report, the strategy allows the generation of a broad complex of functionalized nitrogenous molecules including oxazolidinones, 2-pyrrolidones, imidazolidinones, thiazolidinones, pyridines, and piperidines in the absence of an external photosensitizer and base. The approach is achieved through a photoinduced Cu(I)/Cu(II)/Cu(III) complex species of nitrogen nucleophiles, intermolecular radical addition, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes. The plausible mechanism is investigated by a series of control experiments and theoretical tests, including radical scavenging experiments, deuterium labeling experiments, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can-Can Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Li Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Chi Yu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Bin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu D, Jiang M, Wang JJ, Yu W. Copper-Catalyzed Sulfonylation/Cyclization of Pent-4-ynamides toward Sulfonyl-Functionalized Pyrrol-2-ones. Org Lett 2023; 25:2073-2077. [PMID: 36926914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A domino sulfonylation/intramolecular C-N coupling/dehydrogenation reaction was realized between pent-4-ynamides and sulfonyl chlorides by catalysis of Cu(acac)2 and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthalene. The reaction provides a convenient approach to sulfonyl-functionalized pyrrol-2-ones. This method can also be applied to the synthesis of 3-alkylidene isoindolinones from 2-ethynyl-benzamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Menglu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang G, He H, Chen X, Ni SF, Zeng R. Photoinduced Disulfide-Catalyzed Intramolecular Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination through in Situ N-S Species. Org Lett 2023; 25:1600-1604. [PMID: 36853119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of olefins typically required photocatalysts with a high oxidative ability to initiate the single-electron process. Herein, we alternatively utilize bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) disulfide, an inexpensive reagent with relatively low oxidative ability, as a photo and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst to achieve intramolecular hydroamination. The mechanistic studies as well as the DFT calculations are consistent with a novel process involving N-centered radical generation through the homolysis of the in situ formed N-S species and subsequent cyclization. An array of diverse nitrogen-containing cycles could be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsuoka J, Fujimoto Y, Miyawaki A, Yamamoto Y. Phosphazene Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamidation of Alkenes with Amides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9447-9451. [PMID: 36534049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of cyclic amides via phosphazene base-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamidation of amide alkenes was developed. The reaction using a catalytic amount of P4-base had a good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope and could also be used to synthesize lactam, cyclic urea, and oxazolidinone compounds. This catalytic system was expanded to a one-pot intramolecular hydroamidation and intermolecular hydroalkylation. Deuterium labeling and radical trapping experiments provided mechanistic insights into the catalytic cycle of the hydroamidation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Matsuoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yumika Fujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
| | - Akari Miyawaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu WD, Lee W, Shu H, Xiao C, Xu H, Chen X, Houk KN, Zhao J. Diastereoselective Radical Aminoacylation of Olefins through N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22767-22777. [PMID: 36423331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There have been significant advancements in radical-mediated reactions through covalent-based organocatalysis. Here, we present the generation of iminyl and amidyl radicals via N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis, enabling diastereoselective aminoacylation of trisubstituted alkenes. Different from photoredox catalysis, single electron transfer from the deprotonated Breslow intermediate to O-aryl hydroxylamine generates an NHC-bound ketyl radical, which undergoes diastereocontrolled cross-coupling with the prochiral C-centered radical. This operationally simple method provides a straightforward access to a variety of pyrroline and oxazolidinone heterocycles with vicinal stereocenters (77 examples, up to >19:1 d.r.). Electrochemical studies of the acyl thiazolium salts support our reaction design and highlight the reducing ability of Breslow-type derivatives. A detailed computational analysis of this organocatalytic system suggests that radical-radical coupling is the rate-determining step, in which π-π stacking interaction between the radical intermediates subtly controls the diastereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Deng Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, California, Los Angeles90095-1569, United States
| | - Hanyu Shu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Chuyu Xiao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Huiwei Xu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, California, Los Angeles90095-1569, United States
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, California, Los Angeles90095-1569, United States
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou T, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang H, Yan Q, Wang W, Chen F. Visible-Light-Promoted Xanthate-Transfer Cyclization Reactions of Unactivated Olefins under Photocatalyst- and Additive-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15582-15597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hang Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deprotection of benzyl-derived groups via photochemically mesolytic cleavage of C–N and C–O bonds. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Bhargava Reddy M, Prasanth K, Neerathilingam N, Anandhan R. Quinazolinones/Benzothiadiazines as Amidyl/Aminyl Radical Precursors for Controlled Cascade Cyclization via Photocatalyzed PCET. Org Lett 2022; 24:8158-8163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kesavan Prasanth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have long focused on selective C(sp 3)-N bond-forming approaches in response to the high value of this motif in natural products, pharmaceutical agents and functional materials. In recent years, visible light-induced protocols have become an important synthetic platform to promote this transformation under mild reaction conditions. These photo-driven methods rely on converting visible light into chemical energy to generate reactive but controllable radical species. This Review highlights recent advances in this area, mostly after 2014, with an emphasis placed on C(sp 3)-H bond activations, including amination of olefins and carbonyl compounds, and cross-coupling reactions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi C, Guo L, Gao H, Luo M, Yang C, Xia W. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of γ-Lactams Enabled by Photoinduced Deaminative [3 + 2] Annulation Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:4365-4370. [PMID: 35686872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The photoinitiated deaminative [3 + 2] annulation reaction of N-aminopyridinium salts with alkenes for the synthesis of functionalized γ-lactams is described. This transformation shows good functional group tolerance as well as excellent diastereoselectivity. Preliminary studies suggest that the employed N-aminopyridinium salts generate the key amidyl radical intermediates through N-N bond cleavage via a photoinduced single-electron transfer (SET) process. The amidyl radical species would add to the double bond of alkenes, followed by a radical-mediated annulation process, to afford the desired γ-lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Shi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mengqi Luo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou X, Yu T, Dong G. Site-Specific and Degree-Controlled Alkyl Deuteration via Cu-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Deacylation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9570-9575. [PMID: 35613457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deuterated organic compounds have become increasingly important in many areas; however, it remains challenging to install deuterium site-selectively to unactivated aliphatic positions with control of the degree of deuteration. Here, we report a Cu-catalyzed degree-controlled deacylative deuteration of diverse alkyl groups with the methylketone (acetyl) moiety as a traceless activating group. The use of N-methylpicolino-hydrazonamide (MPHA) promotes efficient aromatization-driven C-C cleavage. Mono-, di-, and trideuteration at specific sites can be selectively achieved. The reaction is redox-neutral with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this method has been demonstrated in forming a complete set of deuterated ethyl groups, merging with the Diels-Alder reaction, a net devinylative deuteration, and the synthesis of the d2-analogue of Austedo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reddy MB, Prasanth K, Anandhan R. Controlled Photochemical Synthesis of Substituted Isoquinoline-1,3,4(2 H)-triones, 3-Hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones, and Phthalimides via Amidyl Radical Cyclization Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:3674-3679. [PMID: 35549291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a controlled radical cyclization cascade of isoquinoline-1,3,4(2H)-triones, 3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones, and phthalimides from o-alkynylated benzamides by metal-free photoredox catalyzed amidyl N-centered radical addition to the C-C triple bond using the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process under mild reaction conditions. A time tunable synthesis of 3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones and phthalimides via β-carbonyl-C(sp3) bond cleavage was also achieved under visible light irradiation. A mechanistic rationale for the radical cyclization cascade is supported by various control and quenching experiments as well as EPR studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kesavan Prasanth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang B, Zhou MJ, Zhou QL. Visible-Light-Induced α,γ-C(sp 3)-H Difunctionalization of Piperidines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2894-2898. [PMID: 35416677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel protocol for visible-light-induced α,γ-C(sp3)-H difunctionalization of piperidines. This redox-neutral, atom-economical protocol, which exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility, constitutes a concise, practical method for constructing piperidine-containing bridged-ring molecules. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that highly regioselective activation of the inert γ-C(sp3)-H bond of piperidines was achieved through a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer reaction of a nitrogen radical generated in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Forbes KC, Marie Crooke A, Lee Y, Kawada M, Shamskhou KM, Zhang RA, Cannon JS. Photoredox-Catalyzed Oxidation of Anions for the Atom-Economical Hydro-, Amido-, and Dialkylation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3498-3510. [PMID: 35133155 PMCID: PMC8898273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has become a powerful method to generate free radical intermediates in organic synthesis. This report describes the use of photoredox catalysis to directly oxidize common nucleophilic anions to access electrophilic 1,3-dicarbonyl and amidyl radical intermediates. First, conjugate bases of 1,3-dicarbonyls were oxidized to neutral radical species for intramolecular hydro- and dialkylation of alkenes. This overall redox-neutral process provided cyclopentanone products in excellent yields (up to 96%). The scope included a variety of styrene radical acceptors and products with newly formed vicinal quaternary carbons. This process was then extended to the synthesis of pyrrolidinones by alkene amidoalkylation that proceeded via N-aryl amidyl radical intermediates in good yield (up to 85%). These reactions were characterized by their mild conditions, high atom economy, and the absence of stoichiometric byproducts. Mechanistic and computational studies supported a stepwise proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism, where an "electron borrowing" photocatalyst oxidizes an anion and reduces a benzylic radical after bond formation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kwon K, Simons RT, Nandakumar M, Roizen JL. Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2353-2428. [PMID: 34623809 PMCID: PMC8792374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. This review summarizes the recent paradigm shift in access to and application of N-centered radicals enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. This shift broadens and streamlines approaches to many small molecules because visible-light photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention is paid to innovative advances in N-X bonds as radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, and H. For clarity, key mechanistic data is noted, where available. Synthetic applications and limitations are summarized to illuminate the tremendous utility of photocatalytically generated nitrogen-centered radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kwon
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - R Thomas Simons
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shen GB, Qian BC, Zhang GS, Luo GZ, Fu YH, Zhu XQ. Thermodynamics regulated organic hydride/acid pairs as novel organic hydrogen reductants. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01605b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Organic hydride/acid pairs could realize transformation of N-substituted organic hydrides from hydride reductants to thermodynamics regulated hydrogen reductants on conveniently choosing suitable organic hydrides and acids with various acidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Chen Qian
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Shuai Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ze Luo
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Broggini G, Loro C, Oble J, Foschi F, Papis M, Beccalli EM, Giofrè S, Poli G. Acid-Mediated Decarboxylative C–H Coupling between Arenes and O-Allyl Carbamates. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of O-allyl N-tosyl carbamates with aromatic compounds in the presence of Cu(OTf)2 or TMSOTf as promoters, affords N-substituted 1-arylpropan-2-amines, 1,2-diarylpropanes, 1,1-diarylpropanes, or indanes, depending on the nature of the...
Collapse
|
25
|
Tyburski R, Hammarström L. Strategies for switching the mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions illustrated by mechanistic zone diagrams. Chem Sci 2022; 13:290-301. [PMID: 35059179 PMCID: PMC8694376 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) occurs is of fundamental importance and has great consequences for applications, e.g. in catalysis. However, determination and tuning of the PCET mechanism is often non-trivial. Here, we apply mechanistic zone diagrams to illustrate the competition between concerted and stepwise PCET-mechanisms in the oxidation of 4-methoxyphenol by Ru(bpy)33+-derivatives in the presence of substituted pyridine bases. These diagrams show the dominating mechanism as a function of driving force for electron and proton transfer (ΔG0ET and ΔG0PT) respectively [Tyburski et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143, 560]. Within this framework, we demonstrate strategies for mechanistic tuning, namely balancing of ΔG0ET and ΔG0PT, steric hindrance of the proton-transfer coordinate, and isotope substitution. Sterically hindered pyridine bases gave larger reorganization energy for concerted PCET, resulting in a shift towards a step-wise electron first-mechanism in the zone diagrams. For cases when sufficiently strong oxidants are used, substitution of protons for deuterons leads to a switch from concerted electron–proton transfer (CEPT) to an electron transfer limited (ETPTlim) mechanism. We thereby, for the first time, provide direct experimental evidence, that the vibronic coupling strength affects the switching point between CEPT and ETPTlim, i.e. at what driving force one or the other mechanism starts dominating. Implications for solar fuel catalysis are discussed. The mechanism by which proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) occurs is of fundamental importance and has great consequences for applications, e.g. in catalysis.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Tyburski
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 532, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 532, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Patel M, Desai B, Sheth A, Dholakiya BZ, Naveen T. Recent Advances in Mono‐ and Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monak Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bhargav Desai
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Aakash Sheth
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shi J, Guo LY, Hu QP, Liu YT, Li Q, Pan F. Photoredox-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins for Synthesizing Lactam-Substituted gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:8822-8827. [PMID: 34723553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of lactam-substituted gem-difluoroalkenes has been developed through a photoredox-catalyzed radical cascade reaction. This developed photoredox-catalyzed, Brønsted base-assisted intramolecular 5-exo-trig cyclization/intermolecular radical addition/β-fluoride elimination reaction offers a simple method for producing lactam, carbamate, or urea-substituted gem-difluoroalkenes with good functional group tolerance and high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qu-Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chinn AJ, Sedillo K, Doyle AG. Phosphine/Photoredox Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Olefins with Primary Sulfonamides via α-Scission from Phosphoranyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18331-18338. [PMID: 34672192 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New strategies to access radicals from common feedstock chemicals hold the potential to broadly impact synthetic chemistry. We report a dual phosphine and photoredox catalytic system that enables direct formation of sulfonamidyl radicals from primary sulfonamides. Mechanistic investigations support that the N-centered radical is generated via α-scission of the P-N bond of a phosphoranyl radical intermediate, formed by sulfonamide nucleophilic addition to a phosphine radical cation. As compared to the recently well-explored β-scission chemistry of phosphoranyl radicals, this strategy is applicable to activation of N-based nucleophiles and is catalytic in phosphine. We highlight application of this activation strategy to an intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated olefins with primary sulfonamides. A range of structurally diverse secondary sulfonamides can be prepared in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kassandra Sedillo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wong A, Fastuca NJ, Mak VW, Kerkovius JK, Stevenson SM, Reisman SE. Total Syntheses of the C 19 Diterpenoid Alkaloids (-)-Talatisamine, (-)-Liljestrandisine, and (-)-Liljestrandinine by a Fragment Coupling Approach. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1311-1316. [PMID: 34471676 PMCID: PMC8393236 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The C19 diterpenoid alkaloids (C19 DTAs) are a large family of natural products, many of which modulate the activity of ion channels in vivo and are therefore of interest for the study of neurological and cardiovascular diseases. The complex architectures of these molecules continue to challenge the state-of-the art in chemical synthesis, particularly with respect to efficient assembly of their polcyclic ring systems. Here, we report the total syntheses of (-)-talatisamine, (-)-liljestrandisine, and (-)-liljestrandinine, three aconitine-type C19 DTAs, using a fragment coupling strategy. Key to this approach is a 1,2-addition/semipinacol rearrangement sequence which efficiently joins two complex fragments and sets an all-carbon quaternary center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice
R. Wong
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Fastuca
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Victor W. Mak
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Kerkovius
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Susan M. Stevenson
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lei G, Xu M, Chang R, Funes-Ardoiz I, Ye J. Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins via Visible-Light-Driven Dual Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11251-11261. [PMID: 34269582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical hydroalkylation of olefins enabled by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis represents a straightforward means to access C(sp3)-rich molecules from abundant feedstock chemicals without the need for prefunctionalization. While Giese-type hydroalkylation of activated olefins initiated by HAT of hydridic carbon-hydrogen bonds is well-precedented, hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins in a similar fashion remains elusive, primarily owing to a lack of general methods to overcome the inherent polarity-mismatch in this scenario. Here, we report the use of visible-light-driven dual HAT catalysis to achieve this goal, where catalytic amounts of an amine-borane and an in situ generated thiol were utilized as the hydrogen atom abstractor and donor, respectively. The reaction is completely atom-economical and exhibits a broad scope. Experimental and computational studies support the proposed mechanism and suggest that hydrogen-bonding between the amine-borane and substrates is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Qin Y, Zhu Q, Sun R, Ganley JM, Knowles RR, Nocera DG. Mechanistic Investigation and Optimization of Photoredox Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10232-10242. [PMID: 34191486 PMCID: PMC8600941 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism and the origin of the selectivity for the photocatalytic intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with primary amines to furnish secondary amines have been revealed by time-resolved laser kinetics measurements of the key reaction intermediates. We show that back-electron transfer (BET) between the photogenerated aminium radical cation (ARC) and reduced photocatalyst complex (Ir(II)) is nearly absent due to rapid deprotonation of the ARC on the sub-100 ns time scale. The selectivity for primary amine alkylation is derived from the faster addition of the primary ARCs (as compared to secondary ARCs) to alkenes. The turnover of the photocatalyst occurs via the reaction between Ir(II) and a thiyl radical; the in situ formation of an off-cycle disulfide from thiyl radicals suppresses this turnover, diminishing the efficiency of the reaction. With these detailed mechanistic insights, the turnover of the photocatalyst has been optimized, resulting in a >10-fold improvement in the quantum yield. These improvements enabled the development of a scalable flow protocol, demonstrating a potential strategy for practical applications with improved energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Qilei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jacob M Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhong T, Yi JT, Chen ZD, Zhuang QC, Li YZ, Lu G, Weng J. Photoredox-catalyzed aminofluorosulfonylation of unactivated olefins. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9359-9365. [PMID: 34349907 PMCID: PMC8278970 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient approaches to access sulfonyl fluorides is of great significance because of the widespread applications of these structural motifs in many areas, among which the emerging sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry is the most prominent. Here, we report the first three-component aminofluorosulfonylation of unactivated olefins by merging photoredox-catalyzed proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) activation with radical relay processes. Various aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides featuring a privileged 5-membered heterocyclic core have been efficiently afforded under mild conditions with good functional group tolerance. The synthetic potential of the sulfonyl fluoride products has been examined by diverse transformations including SuFEx reactions and transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that amidyl radicals, alkyl radicals and sulfonyl radicals are involved in this difunctionalization transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Tao Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Da Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Quan-Can Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zhao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Earth-Abundant 3d Transition Metal Catalysts for Hydroalkoxylation and Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the most noteworthy achievements in the field of C–O and C–N bond formation by hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination reactions on unactivated alkenes (including 1,2- and 1,3-dienes) promoted by earth-abundant 3d transition metal catalysts based on manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The relevant literature from 2012 until early 2021 has been covered.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao G, Li J, Wang T. Metal‐free Photocatalytic Intermolecular anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany New York 12222 USA
- Department of Chemistry SUNY Stony Brook 100 Nicolls Road Stony Brook NY 11790 USA
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany New York 12222 USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany New York 12222 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang C, Li Z, Song J, Xu H. Catalyst‐ and Reagent‐Free Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous‐Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhao‐Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang C, Li ZY, Song J, Xu HC. Catalyst- and Reagent-Free Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous-Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11237-11241. [PMID: 33666312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable methods to access saturated N-heterocycles is of great importance because of the prevalence of these structures in natural products and bioactive compounds. Pd-catalyzed aza-Wacker type cyclization is a powerful method and provides access to N-heterocycles bearing an alkene moiety available for further synthetic manipulations from readily available materials. Herein we disclose a catalyst- and reagent-free formal aza-Wacker type cyclization reaction for the synthesis of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles. Key to the success is to conduct the reactions in a continuous-flow electrochemical reactor without adding supporting electrolyte or additives. The reactions are characterized by broad tolerance of di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Taeufer T, Hauptmann R, El-Hage F, Mayer TS, Jiao H, Rabeah J, Pospech J. Pyrimidopteridine-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Stilbenes with Primary Amines: A Dual Photoredox and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Taeufer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Richy Hauptmann
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Firas El-Hage
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thea S. Mayer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jola Pospech
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ayushee, Patel M, Meena P, Jahan K, Bharatam PV, Verma AK. Base-Mediated Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamidation of Vinyl Arenes with Arylamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:565-570. [PMID: 33393787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a base-promoted protocol for the intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamidation of vinyl arenes with arylamides to furnish the arylethylbenzamides with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity. The reaction tolerates an extensive variety of functional groups and has been successfully extended with electronically varied handles, aminobenzamides, electron-rich/electron-deficient heterocyclic amides, and vinyl arenes to afford the hydroamidated products. Excellent chemoselectivity was observed for the amide group over amine. The proposed mechanism and vital role of the solvent was well supported by deuterium labeling studies and control experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Ramjas College, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Meena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kousar Jahan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Berg N, Bergwinkl S, Nuernberger P, Horinek D, Gschwind RM. Extended Hydrogen Bond Networks for Effective Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) Reactions: The Unexpected Role of Thiophenol and Its Acidic Channel in Photocatalytic Hydroamidations. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:724-735. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bergwinkl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li LH, Wei Y, Shi M. N-Hydroxyphthalimide imidate esters as amidyl radical precursors in the visible light photocatalyzed C–H amidation of heteroarenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) imidate esters were used as amidyl radical precursors in the visible light photocatalyzed C–H amidation of heteroarenes, affording the desired amidation products in moderate to good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tu JL, Yang JW, Xu W, Su M, Liu F. Amidyl radical-mediated aminodifluoroallylation of alkenes via photoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A practical and redox-neutral method is developed for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkene-containing N-heterocycles via photoredox catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tu JL, Tang W, Liu F. Photoredox-neutral alkene aminoarylation for the synthesis of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A mild and redox-neutral protocol is developed for the synthesis of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazines via photoredox catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
He H, Xu N, Zhang H, Chen B, Hu Z, Guo K, Chun J, Cao S, Zhu Y. Brønsted acid-promoted hydroamination of unsaturated hydrazones: access to biologically important 5-arylpyrazolines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17340-17345. [PMID: 35479684 PMCID: PMC9033072 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient Brønsted acid-promoted hydroamination of hydrazone-tethered olefins has been developed. A variety of pyrazolines have been easily obtained in good to excellent yields with high chemo- and regioselectivity under simple and mild conditions. This method represents a straightforward, facile, and practical approach toward biologically important 5-arylpyrazolines, which are difficult to access by previously reported radical hydroamination of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones. An efficient, chemo- and regioselective Brønsted acid-promoted hydroamination reaction of hydrazone-tethered olefins towards 5-arylpyrazolines was developed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Honglin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Bin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Zhengnan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Kang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Jianlin Chun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou Z, Kong X, Liu T. Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
45
|
Cannalire R, Pelliccia S, Sancineto L, Novellino E, Tron GC, Giustiniano M. Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:766-897. [PMID: 33350402 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The late stage functionalization (LSF) of complex biorelevant compounds is a powerful tool to speed up the identification of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and to optimize ADME profiles. To this end, visible-light photocatalysis offers unique opportunities to achieve smooth and clean functionalization of drugs by unlocking site-specific reactivities under generally mild reaction conditions. This review offers a critical assessment of current literature, pointing out the recent developments in the field while emphasizing the expected future progress and potential applications. Along with paragraphs discussing the visible-light photocatalytic synthetic protocols so far available for LSF of drugs and drug candidates, useful and readily accessible synoptic tables of such transformations, divided by functional groups, will be provided, thus enabling a useful, fast, and easy reference to them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
O'Brien JGK, Jemas A, Asare-Okai PN, Am Ende CW, Fox JM. Probing the Mechanism of Photoaffinity Labeling by Dialkyldiazirines through Bioorthogonal Capture of Diazoalkanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9415-9420. [PMID: 33259213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dialkyldiazirines have emerged as reagents of choice for biological photoaffinity labeling studies. The mechanism of crosslinking has dramatic consequences for biological applications where instantaneous labeling is desirable, as carbene insertions display different chemoselectivity and are much faster than competing mechanisms involving diazo or ylide intermediates. Here, deuterium labeling and diazo compound trapping experiments are employed to demonstrate that both carbene and diazo mechanisms operate in the reactions of a dialkyldiazirine motif that is commonly utilized for biological applications. For the fraction of intermolecular labeling that does involve a carbene mechanism, direct insertion is not necessarily involved, as products derived from a carbonyl ylide are also observed. We demonstrate that a strained cycloalkyne can intercept diazo compound intermediates and serve as a bioorthogonal probe for studying the contribution of the diazonium mechanism of photoaffinity labeling on a model protein under aqueous conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G K O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Andrew Jemas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Papa Nii Asare-Okai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Francis D, Nelson A, Marsden SP. Synthesis of β-Diamine Building Blocks by Photocatalytic Hydroamination of Enecarbamates with Amines, Ammonia and N-H Heterocycles. Chemistry 2020; 26:14861-14865. [PMID: 32853417 PMCID: PMC7756410 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
3‐Amino‐substituted saturated nitrogen heterocycles are an important subclass of β‐diamines, appearing in a number of clinical agents. Herein, we report a unified approach to these products based upon the regioselective photoredox‐mediated hydroamination of enecarbamates. The amine coupling partner can encompass diverse amine types under a single set of reaction conditions, including primary alkyl amines, ammonia, aryl and heteroaryl amines, and N−H heterocycles. The method enables the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceutically relevant building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Francis
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Moon Y, Lee W, Hong S. Visible-Light-Enabled Ortho-Selective Aminopyridylation of Alkenes with N-Aminopyridinium Ylides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12420-12429. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Talukdar R. Ir III-Catalyzed direct syntheses of amides and esters using nitriles as acid equivalents: a photochemical pathway. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented IrIII[df(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6-catalyzed simple photochemical process for direct addition of amines and alcohols to the relatively less reactive nitrile triple bond is described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
- Lucknow 226014
- India
| |
Collapse
|