1
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Jo J, Kim S, Park S, Kim S, Lee S, Choi JH, Chung WJ. Study on Pyridine-Boryl Radical-Promoted, Ketyl Radical-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8985-9000. [PMID: 38861548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Ketyl radicals are synthetically versatile reactive species, but their applications have been hampered by harsh generation conditions employing highly reducing metals. Recently, the pyridine-boryl radical received wide attention as a promising organic reductant because of its mildness as well as convenience in handling. While probing the utility of the pyridine-boryl radical, our group observed facile pinacol coupling reactivity that had not been known at that time. This serendipitous finding was successfully rendered into a practical synthesis of tetraaryl-1,2-diols in up to 99% yield within 1 h. Subsequently, upon examinations of various reaction manifolds, a diastereoselective ketyl-olefin cyclization was accomplished to produce cycloalkanols such as trans-2-alkyl-1-indanols. Compared to the previous methods, the stereocontrolling ability was considerably enhanced by taking advantage of the structurally modifiable boryl group that would be present near the bond-forming site. In this full account, our synthetic efforts with the O-boryl ketyl radicals are disclosed in detail, covering the discovery, optimization, scope expansion, and mechanistic analysis, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Jo
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pan C, Chen D, Cheng Y, Yu JT. Photocatalytic redox-neutral α-C(sp 3)-H pyridination of glycine derivatives and N-arylamines with cyanopyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4451-4454. [PMID: 38563645 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A photo-induced α-C(sp3)-H decyanative pyridination of N-arylglycine derivatives with cyanopyridines was developed. This reaction was performed under organic photocatalytic and redox-neutral conditions via a radical-radical cross-coupling process. Besides, the protocol was also suitable for the C(sp3)-H pyridination of N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines as well as benzylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changduo Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Dongdong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Yangjian Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
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3
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Azpilcueta-Nicolas CR, Lumb JP. Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:346-378. [PMID: 38410775 PMCID: PMC10896223 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their ease of preparation, stability, and diverse reactivity, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters have found many applications as radical precursors. Mechanistically, NHPI esters undergo a reductive decarboxylative fragmentation to provide a substrate radical capable of engaging in diverse transformations. Their reduction via single-electron transfer (SET) can occur under thermal, photochemical, or electrochemical conditions and can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nature of the electron donor, the use of Brønsted and Lewis acids, and the possibility of forming charge-transfer complexes. Such versatility creates many opportunities to influence the reaction conditions, providing a number of parameters with which to control reactivity. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the different mechanisms for radical reactions involving NHPI esters, with an emphasis on recent applications in radical additions, cyclizations and decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions. Within these reaction classes, we discuss the utility of the NHPI esters, with an eye towards their continued development in complexity-generating transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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4
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Deng W, Li X, Li Z, Wen Y, Wang Z, Lin Z, Li Y, Hu J, Huang Y. Electrochemically Driven C4-Selective Decyanoalkylation of Cyanopyridines with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides Enabling C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:9237-9242. [PMID: 38096030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With cyanopyridines and alkyl bromides as coupling partners, an electrochemically driven C4-selective decyanoalkylation has been established to access diverse 4-alkylpyridines in one step. The reaction proceeds through the single electron reduction/radical-radical coupling tandem process under mild electrolytic conditions, achieving the cleavage of the C(sp2)-CN bond and the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp2). The practicality of this protocol is illustrated by no sacrificial anodes, a broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Wen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyin Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, People's Republic of China
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5
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Gao L, Liang X, He L, Li G, Chen S, Cao J, Ma J, Wang G, Li S. Base-mediated C-B bond activation of benzylic boronate for the rapid construction of β-silyl/boryl functionalized 1,1-diarylalkanes from aromatic alkenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11881-11889. [PMID: 37920335 PMCID: PMC10619622 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of tBuOK on the existing state of benzylic boronates in the solution phase has been investigated in detail by NMR analysis and DFT calculations. It was determined that simply using an excess of tBuOK (2.0 equivalents) can result in the full deborylation of benzylic boronates to afford free benzyl potassium species. These mechanistic insights were leveraged for the facile construction of β-silyl/boryl functionalized 1,1-diarylalkanes from aromatic alkenes via the combination of base-mediated silylboration or diborylation of aromatic alkenes and nucleophilic-type reactions with various electrophiles. Based on further machine-learning-assisted screening, the scope of electrophiles for this transformation can be generalized to the challenging aromatic heterocycles. Late-stage functionalization performed on several drug-relevant molecules generates the highly valuable 1,1-diaryl framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Linke He
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoao Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shengda Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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6
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Pearson TJ, Shimazumi R, Driscoll JL, Dherange BD, Park DI, Levin MD. Aromatic nitrogen scanning by ipso-selective nitrene internalization. Science 2023; 381:1474-1479. [PMID: 37769067 PMCID: PMC10910605 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj5331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen scanning in aryl fragments is a valuable aspect of the drug discovery process, but current strategies require time-intensive, parallel, bottom-up synthesis of each pyridyl isomer because of a lack of direct carbon-to-nitrogen (C-to-N) replacement reactions. We report a site-directable aryl C-to-N replacement reaction allowing unified access to various pyridine isomers through a nitrene-internalization process. In a two-step, one-pot procedure, aryl azides are first photochemically converted to 3H-azepines, which then undergo an oxidatively triggered C2-selective cheletropic carbon extrusion through a spirocyclic azanorcaradiene intermediate to afford the pyridine products. Because the ipso carbon of the aryl nitrene is excised from the molecule, the reaction proceeds regioselectively without perturbation of the remainder of the substrate. Applications are demonstrated in the abbreviated synthesis of a pyridyl derivative of estrone, as well as in a prototypical nitrogen scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Julia L. Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Balu D. Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dong-Il Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark D. Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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7
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Xu M, Wang Z, Sun Z, Ouyang Y, Ding Z, Yu T, Xu L, Li P. Diboron(4)-Catalyzed Remote [3+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes via Dearomative/Rearomative Radical Transmission through Pyridine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214507. [PMID: 36344444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ring structures such as pyridine, cyclopentane or their combinations are important motifs in bioactive molecules. In contrast to previous cycloaddition reactions that necessitated a directly bonded initiating functional group, this work demonstrated a novel through-(hetero)arene radical transmission concept for selective activation of a remote bond. An efficient, metal-free and atom-economical [3+2] cycloaddition between 4-pyridinyl cyclopropanes and alkenes or alkynes has been developed for modular synthesis of pyridine-substituted cyclopentanes, cyclopentenes and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes that are difficult to access using known methods. This complexity-building reaction was catalyzed by a very simple and inexpensive diboron(4) compound and took place via dearomative/rearomative processes. The substrate scope was broad and more than 100 new compounds were prepared in generally high yields. Mechanistic experiments and density function theory (DFT) investigation supported a radical relay catalytic cycle involving alkylidene dihydropyridine radical intermediates and boronyl radical transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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8
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Ding W, Li M, Fan J, Cheng X. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic 4-pyridinylation via electroreductive substitution reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5642. [PMID: 36163325 PMCID: PMC9512896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective pyridinylation is important for providing chiral compounds bearing heterocycles of pharmaceutical interests. 4-CN-pyrinde is extensively applied in the radical pyridinylation reaction, however, its’ enantioselective application is highly challenging. To achieve this goal, we propose an electrochemical catalytic activation of 4-CN-pyridine with a chiral transition metal complex instead of direct cathodic reduction. The chiral catalyst acts as the electron mediator and the transition metal catalysis in turn. The radical species from 4-CN-pyridine is captured via radical rebound by chiral catalyst, and undergoes enantioselective pyridinylation reaction. Here, we show the first method for catalytic asymmetric allylic 4-pyridinylation reactions using 4-CN-pyridine under electrochemical conditions. Controlling the enantioselectivity of radical reactions is a persistent challenge in organic synthesis. Here, the authors report a method to form asymmetric pyridine derivatives via the combination of chiral palladium catalysis and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ding
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinkun Fan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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9
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Qu CH, Gao LX, Tang Y, Liu Y, Luo XQ, Song GT. Metal-Free Reductive Coupling of para-Quinone Methides with 4-Cyanopyridines Enabled by Pyridine-Boryl Radicals: Access to Pyridylated Diarylmethanes with Anti-Cancer Activity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200264. [PMID: 35301762 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a streamlined protocol to produce pyridylated diarylmethanes through pyridine-boryl radical induced reductive coupling between para-quinone methides (p-QMs) and 4-cyanopyridines using bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2 pin2 ) as a templated reagent. The metal-free process is characterized by an operationally simple approach, excellent chemoselectivity (1,2- vs. 1,6-selectivity), and a broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility. The mechanistic studies provided important insights into the reductive cross-coupling process between diarylmethyl radical and pyridine-boryl radical. Moreover, part of the obtained pyridylated diarylmethane products were screened against a panel of cancer cell lines, and 3 v was confirmed to significantly inhibit the proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. This method offers a platform for the preparation of new lead compounds with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hua Qu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Gao
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Ting Song
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
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10
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Ding Z, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yu T, Xu M, Wen J, Yang K, Zhang H, Xu L, Li P. Catalysis with Diboron(4)/Pyridine: Application to the Broad-Scope [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes and Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8870-8882. [PMID: 35532758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive but non-recyclable use of tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as stoichiometric reagents in diverse reactions, this article reports an atom-economical reaction using a commercial diboron(4) as the catalyst. The key to success was designing a catalytic cycle for radical [3 + 2] cycloaddition involving a pyridine cocatalyst to generate from the diboron(4) catalyst and reversibly mediate the transfer of boronyl radicals. In comparison with known [3 + 2] cycloaddition with transition metal-based catalysts, the current reaction features not only metal-free conditions, inexpensive and stable catalysts, and simple operation but also remarkably broadened substrate scope. In particular, previously unusable cyclopropyl ketones without an activating group and/or alkenes with 1,2-disubstitution and 1,1,2-trisubstitution patterns were successfully used for the first time. Consequently, challenging cyclopentane compounds with various levels of substitution (65 examples, 57 new products, up to six substituents at all five ring atoms) were readily prepared in generally high to excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. The reaction was also successfully applied in concise formal synthesis of an anti-obesity drug and building natural product-like complex bridged or spirocyclic compounds. Mechanistic experiments and computational investigation support the proposed radical relay catalysis featuring a pyridine-assisted boronyl radical catalyst. Overall, this work demonstrates the first approach to use tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as catalysts and may lead to the development of new, green, and efficient transition metal-like boron-catalyzed organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jingru Wen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Kaiyan Yang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Cao J, Li G, Wang G, Gao L, Li S. Iodoperfluoroalkylation of unactivated alkenes via pyridine-boryl radical initiated atom-transfer radical addition. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2857-2862. [PMID: 35297935 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyridine/bis(pinacolate)diboron combination has been found to be able to initiate the iodoperfluoroalkylation of unactivated alkenes with perfluoroalkyl iodides. Theoretical calculations and control experiments indicate that the atom transfer radical addition mechanism is responsible for the formation of iodoperfluoroalkylation products. This metal-free and photo-free strategy is applicable to a wide range of perfluoroalkyl iodides and unactivated alkenes with good functional group tolerance. Further applications in iodoperfluoroalkylation of organic semiconductor-relevant or bioactive molecules demonstrate the synthetic potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, P. R. China
| | - Guoao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
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12
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Qu CH, Huang R, Liu Y, Liu T, Song GT. Bromine-radical-induced C sp2–H difluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones and hydrazones through visible-light-promoted C sp3–Br bond homolysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromine radicals derived from photo-induced Csp3–Br bond homolysis can mediate H abstraction/imine radical formation from quinoxalinones and hydrazones, which in turn quench the in situ-generated difluoroalkyl radicals to furnish the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hua Qu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Run Huang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Gui-Ting Song
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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13
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Ding W, Sheng J, Li J, Cheng X. Electroreductive 4-pyridylation of unsaturated compounds using gaseous ammonia as a hydrogen source. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By using ammonia as a hydrogen source, electrochemical pyridylation of unsaturated compounds is achieved with more than 50 examples. In particular, the β-keto ester could be converted to the corresponding tertiary β-hydroxyl ester for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ding
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Salt Chemical Industry, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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14
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Franco M, Vargas EL, Tortosa M, Cid MB. Coupling of thiols and aromatic halides promoted by diboron derived super electron donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11653-11656. [PMID: 34668910 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have proven that pyridine-boryl complexes can be used as superelectron donors to promote the coupling of thiols and aromatic halides through a SRN1 mechanism. The reaction is efficient for a broad substrate scope, tolerating heterocycles including pyridines, enolizable or reducible functional groups. The method has been applied to intermediates in drug synthesis as well as interesting functionalized polythioethers through a controlled and consecutive intramolecular electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Franco
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emily L Vargas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Belén Cid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Reidl TW, Bandar JS. Lewis Basic Salt-Promoted Organosilane Coupling Reactions with Aromatic Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11939-11945. [PMID: 34314159 PMCID: PMC8510683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lewis basic salts promote benzyltrimethylsilane coupling with (hetero)aryl nitriles, sulfones, and chlorides as a new route to 1,1-diarylalkanes. This method combines the substrate modularity and selectivity characteristic of cross-coupling with the practicality of a base-promoted protocol. In addition, a Lewis base strategy enables a complementary scope to existing methods, employs stable and easily prepared organosilanes, and achieves selective arylation in the presence of acidic functional groups. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of pharmaceutical analogues and its use in multicomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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16
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17
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Choi J, Laudadio G, Godineau E, Baran PS. Practical and Regioselective Synthesis of C-4-Alkylated Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11927-11933. [PMID: 34318659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The direct position-selective C-4 alkylation of pyridines has been a long-standing challenge in heterocyclic chemistry, particularly from pyridine itself. Historically this has been addressed using prefunctionalized materials to avoid overalkylation and mixtures of regioisomers. This study reports the invention of a simple maleate-derived blocking group for pyridines that enables exquisite control for Minisci-type decarboxylative alkylation at C-4 that allows for inexpensive access to these valuable building blocks. The method is employed on a variety of different pyridines and carboxylic acid alkyl donors, is operationally simple and scalable, and is applied to access known structures in a rapid and inexpensive fashion. Finally, this work points to an interesting strategic departure for the use of Minisci chemistry at the earliest possible stage (native pyridine) rather than current dogma that almost exclusively employs Minisci chemistry as a late-stage functionalization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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18
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Yu JM, Zhu LW, Hong XY, Gao H, Chen TT. Visible light-induced alkylpyridylation of styrenes via a reductive radical three-component coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5642-5648. [PMID: 34105570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00498k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced and metal-free strategy for the intermolecular three-compoment alkylpyridylation of styrenes is reported. Hantzsch ester was found to be key to initiate the overall reductive radical coupling reaction. This radical process realized difunctionalization of styrenes, selectively yielding alkylated pyridines in good to excellent yields with a wide tolerance of functional groups, mild reaction conditions and simple operation. This new reaction complements existing visible light-induced variants of styrenes with NHP esters and expands the capabilities of radical-based cross-coupling reactions of pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Miao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Xiao-Yuan Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Huan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
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19
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Tong S, Li K, Ouyang X, Song R, Li J. Recent advances in the radical-mediated decyanative alkylation of cyano(hetero)arene. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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20
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Parida SK, Mandal T, Das S, Hota SK, De Sarkar S, Murarka S. Single Electron Transfer-Induced Redox Processes Involving N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Kumar Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
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21
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Wen J, Yang X, Yan K, Qin H, Ma J, Sun X, Yang J, Wang H. Electroreductive C3 Pyridylation of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones: An Effective Way to Access Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands. Org Lett 2021; 23:1081-1085. [PMID: 33439657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The construction of functional N-containing active biomolecules and bidentate nitrogen ligands by electroreductive pyridylation of N-heteroaromatics is an eye-catching task and challenge. A simple and practical electroreductive-induced C3 pyridylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with readily available cyanopyridines is reported. More than 36 examples are supplied, and the reaction performed in >95% yield. The present protocol provides a convenient, efficient, and gram-scale synthesis strategy for a series of new types of potential bidentate nitrogen ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P. R. China
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22
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He S, Li H, Chen X, Krylov IB, Terent'ev AO, Qu L, Yu B. Advances of N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters in Photocatalytic Alkylation Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Jo J, Kim S, Choi JH, Chung WJ. A convenient pinacol coupling of diaryl ketones with B2pin2via pyridine catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1360-1363. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A practical pinacol coupling of diaryl ketones is developed by employing a stable diboron reagent and pyridine Lewis base catalyst. The operationally simple process affords the desired diols with excellent efficiency in up to 99% yield within 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Jo
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Buk-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Buk-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Buk-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Buk-gu
- Republic of Korea
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24
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Gao L, Zhang H, Liu X, Wang G, Li S. Mechanistic insights into the dearomative diborylation of pyrazines: a radical or non-radical process? Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6982-6990. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the dearomative diborylation of pyrazines were investigated via a combination of density functional theory calculations and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Hanyin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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25
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Jiao L, Zhou FY. Recent Developments in Transition-Metal-Free Functionalization and Derivatization Reactions of Pyridines. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPyridine is an important structural motif that is prevalent in natural products, drugs, and materials. Methods that functionalize and derivatize pyridines have gained significant attention. Recently, a large number of transition-metal-free reactions have been developed. In this review, we provide a brief summary of recent advances in transition-metal-free functionalization and derivatization reactions of pyridines, categorized according to their reaction modes.1 Introduction2 Metalated Pyridines as Nucleophiles2.1 Deprotonation2.2 Halogen–Metal exchange3 Activated Pyridines as Electrophiles3.1 Asymmetric 2-Allylation by Chiral Phosphite Catalysis3.2 Activation of Pyridines by a Bifunctional Activating Group3.3 Alkylation of Pyridines by 1,2-Migration3.4 Alkylation of Pyridines by [3+2] Addition3.5 Pyridine Derivatization by Catalytic In Situ Activation Strategies3.6 Reactions via Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts4 Radical Reactions for Pyridine Functionalization4.1 Pyridine Functionalization through Radical Addition Reactions4.2 Pyridine Functionalization through Radical–Radical Coupling Reactions5 Derivatization of Pyridines through the Formation of Meisenheimer-Type Pyridyl Anions6 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
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26
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Du D, Zhang K, Ma R, Chen L, Gao J, Lu T, Shi Z, Feng J. Bio- and Medicinally Compatible α-Amino-Acid Modification via Merging Photoredox and N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6370-6375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Kuili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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27
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Nguyen VT, Nguyen VD, Haug GC, Vuong NTH, Dang HT, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Visible-Light-Enabled Direct Decarboxylative N-Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7921-7927. [PMID: 32050048 PMCID: PMC7200280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and selective C-N bond-forming reactions from abundant feedstock chemicals remains a central theme in organic chemistry owing to the key roles of amines in synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science. Herein, we present a dual catalytic system for the N-alkylation of diverse aromatic carbocyclic and heterocyclic amines directly with carboxylic acids, by-passing their preactivation as redox-active esters. The reaction, which is enabled by visible-light-driven, acridine-catalyzed decarboxylation, provides access to N-alkylated secondary and tertiary anilines and N-heterocycles. Additional examples, including double alkylation, the installation of metabolically robust deuterated methyl groups, and tandem ring formation, further demonstrate the potential of the direct decarboxylative alkylation (DDA) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Viet D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Graham C Haug
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Ngan T H Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hang T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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28
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Chen L, He J. DABCO-Catalyzed Michael/Alkylation Cascade Reactions Involving α-Substituted Ammonium Ylides for the Construction of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Access to the Powerful Chemical Leads against HIV-1. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5203-5219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jin He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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29
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Nguyen VT, Nguyen VD, Haug GC, Vuong NTH, Dang HT, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Visible‐Light‐Enabled Direct Decarboxylative N‐Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vu T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Viet D. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Graham C. Haug
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Ngan T. H. Vuong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hang T. Dang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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30
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Gao L, Wang G, Chen H, Cao J, Su X, Liu X, Yang M, Cheng X, Li S. Metal-free reductive coupling of aliphatic aldehydes/ketones with 4-cyanopyridines: expanded scope and mechanistic studies. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A practical B2pin2 mediated reductive coupling of 4-cyanopyridine with aliphatic aldehydes/ketones has been established. This metal-free protocol provides a convenient route to construct a wide range of C4-pyridine-functionalized alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xiaoshi Su
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Mo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
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31
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Hong L, Spielmeyer A, Pfeiffer J, Wegner HA. Domino lignin depolymerization and reconnection to complex molecules mediated by boryl radicals. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignin has been demonstrated as a source of complex molecules via a boryl-mediated domino degradation/reconnection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Hong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Justus Liebig University
- 35392 Gießen
- Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)
| | - Astrid Spielmeyer
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology
- Justus Liebig University
- 35392 Gießen
- Germany
| | - Janin Pfeiffer
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology
- Justus Liebig University
- 35392 Gießen
- Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Justus Liebig University
- 35392 Gießen
- Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)
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32
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Liang Y, Sun G, Su Z, Guan W. A theoretical mechanistic study of IrIII/CuI-metallaphotoredox catalyzed asymmetric radical decarboxylative cyanation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15276-15286. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The radical mechanism and origin of the high enantioselectivity of the photoredox-mediated IrIII/CuI dual-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative cyanation have been theoretically disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Yanbian University
- Yanji
- P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Yanbian University
- Yanji
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Yanbian University
- Yanji
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
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Zhong LJ, Wang HY, Ouyang XH, Li JH, An DL. Benzylic C–H heteroarylation of N-(benzyloxy)phthalimides with cyanopyridines enabled by photoredox 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8671-8674. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Visible light initiated α-C(sp3)–H hetroarylation of N-(benzyloxy)phthalimides with cyanopyridines via 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer is depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
| | - De-Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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