1
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Knutson SD, Buksh BF, Huth SW, Morgan DC, MacMillan DWC. Current advances in photocatalytic proximity labeling. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1145-1161. [PMID: 38663396 PMCID: PMC11193652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the intricate network of biomolecular interactions that govern cellular processes is a fundamental pursuit in biology. Over the past decade, photocatalytic proximity labeling has emerged as one of the most powerful and versatile techniques for studying these interactions as well as uncovering subcellular trafficking patterns, drug mechanisms of action, and basic cellular physiology. In this article, we review the basic principles, methodologies, and applications of photocatalytic proximity labeling as well as examine its modern development into currently available platforms. We also discuss recent key studies that have successfully leveraged these technologies and importantly highlight current challenges faced by the field. Together, this review seeks to underscore the potential of photocatalysis in proximity labeling for enhancing our understanding of cell biology while also providing perspective on technological advances needed for future discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve D Knutson
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Benito F Buksh
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sean W Huth
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Danielle C Morgan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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2
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Zhang T, Rabeah J, Das S. Red-light-mediated copper-catalyzed photoredox catalysis promotes regioselectivity switch in the difunctionalization of alkenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5208. [PMID: 38890327 PMCID: PMC11189478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling regioselectivity during difunctionalization of alkenes remains a significant challenge, particularly when the installation of both functional groups involves radical processes. In this aspect, methodologies to install trifluoromethane (-CF3) via difunctionalization have been explored, due to the importance of this moiety in the pharmaceutical sectors; however, these existing reports are limited, most of which affording only the corresponding β-trifluoromethylated products. The main reason for this limitation arises from the fact that -CF3 group served as an initiator in those reactions and predominantly preferred to be installed at the terminal (β) position of an alkene. On the contrary, functionalization of the -CF3 group at the internal (α) position of alkenes would provide valuable products, but a meticulous approach is necessary to win this regioselectivity switch. Intrigued by this challenge, we here develop an efficient and regioselective strategy where the -CF3 group is installed at the α-position of an alkene. Molecular complexity is achieved via the simultaneous insertion of a sulfonyl fragment (-SO2R) at the β-position. A precisely regulated sequence of radical generation using red light-mediated photocatalysis facilitates this regioselective switch from the terminal (β) position to the internal (α) position. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates broad substrate scope and industrial potential for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Rostock, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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3
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Sellet N, Frey J, Cormier M, Goddard JP. Near-infrared photocatalysis with cyanines: synthesis, applications and perspectives. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8639-8650. [PMID: 38873079 PMCID: PMC11168079 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanines are organic dyes bearing two aza-heterocycles linked by a polymethine chain. Excited states, fluorescence, redox activity, and energy transfer are interesting properties of cyanines which have been used by chemists. Moreover, they are easily accessible and highly tunable. For all these reasons, cyanines are often selected for applications like fluorescent probes, phototherapy and photovoltaics. However, considering cyanines as photocatalysts is a new field of investigation and has been sparsely reported in the literature. This field of research has been launched on the basis of near-infrared light photocatalysis. With a deeper NIR light penetration, the irradiation is compatible with biological tissues. Due to the longer wavelengths that are involved, the safety of the operator can be guaranteed. In this perspective review, the photophysical/redox properties of cyanines are reported as well as their preparations and applications in modern synthetic approaches. Finally, recent examples of cyanine-based NIR-photocatalysis are discussed including photopolymerization and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Johanna Frey
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
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4
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Kamada K, Jung J, Yamada C, Wakabayashi T, Sekizawa K, Sato S, Morikawa T, Fukuzumi S, Saito S. Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Using an Osmium Complex as a Panchromatic Self-Photosensitized Catalyst: Utilization of Blue, Green, and Red Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403886. [PMID: 38545689 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) represents an attractive approach for solar-energy storage and leads to the production of renewable fuels and valuable chemicals. Although some osmium (Os) photosensitizers absorb long wavelengths in the visible-light region, a self-photosensitized, mononuclear Os catalyst for red-light-driven CO2 reduction has not yet been exploited. Here, we discovered that the introduction of an Os metal to a PNNP-type tetradentate ligand resulted in the absorption of light with longer-wavelength (350-700 nm) and that can be applied to a panchromatic self-photosensitized catalyst for CO2 reduction to give mainly carbon monoxide (CO) with a total turnover number (TON) of 625 under photoirradiation (λ≥400 nm). CO2 photoreduction also proceeded under irradiation with blue (λ0=405 nm), green (λ0=525 nm), or red (λ0=630 nm) light to give CO with >90 % selectivity. The quantum efficiency using red light was determined to be 12 % for the generation of CO. A catalytic mechanism is proposed based on the detection of intermediates using various spectroscopic techniques, including transient absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Sekizawa
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 480-1192, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 480-1192, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morikawa
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 480-1192, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, 305-8571, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Chen W, Xu H, Liu FX, Chen K, Zhou Z, Yi W. Chiral Osmium(II)/Salox Species Enabled Enantioselective γ-C(sp 3)-H Amidation: Integrated Experimental and Computational Validation For the Ligand Design and Reaction Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401498. [PMID: 38499469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, multiple types of chiral Os(II) complexes have been designed to address the appealing yet challenging asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization, among which the Os(II)/Salox species is found to be the most efficient for precise stereocontrol in realizing the asymmetric C(sp3)-H amidation. As exemplified by the enantioenriched pyrrolidinone synthesis, such tailored Os(II)/Salox catalyst efficiently enables an intramolecular site-/enantioselective C(sp3)-H amidation in the γ-position of dioxazolone substrates, in which benzyl, propargyl and allyl groups bearing various substituted forms are well compatible, affording the corresponding chiral γ-lactam products with good er values (up to 99 : 1) and diverse functionality (>35 examples). The unique performance advantage of the developed chiral Os(II)/Salox system in terms of the catalytic energy profile and the chiral induction has been further clarified by integrated experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Fu-Xiaomin Liu
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Wei Yi
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
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6
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Wellauer J, Ziereisen F, Sinha N, Prescimone A, Velić A, Meyer F, Wenger OS. Iron(III) Carbene Complexes with Tunable Excited State Energies for Photoredox and Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38598280 PMCID: PMC11046485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Substituting precious elements in luminophores and photocatalysts by abundant first-row transition metals remains a significant challenge, and iron continues to be particularly attractive owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Most iron complexes known to date face severe limitations due to undesirably efficient deactivation of luminescent and photoredox-active excited states. Two new iron(III) complexes with structurally simple chelate ligands enable straightforward tuning of ground and excited state properties, contrasting recent examples, in which chemical modification had a minor impact. Crude samples feature two luminescence bands strongly reminiscent of a recent iron(III) complex, in which this observation was attributed to dual luminescence, but in our case, there is clear-cut evidence that the higher-energy luminescence stems from an impurity and only the red photoluminescence from a doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state is genuine. Photoinduced oxidative and reductive electron transfer reactions with methyl viologen and 10-methylphenothiazine occur with nearly diffusion-limited kinetics. Photocatalytic reactions not previously reported for this compound class, in particular the C-H arylation of diazonium salts and the aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids, were achieved with low-energy red light excitation. Doublet-triplet energy transfer (DTET) from the luminescent 2LMCT state to an anthracene annihilator permits the proof of principle for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion based on a molecular iron photosensitizer. These findings are relevant for the development of iron complexes featuring photophysical and photochemical properties competitive with noble-metal-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Wellauer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Ziereisen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ajdin Velić
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Huang L, Han G. Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion-mediated photochemical reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:238-255. [PMID: 38514833 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Photon upconversion is a method for harnessing high-energy excited states from low-energy photons. Such photons, particularly in the red and near-infrared wavelength ranges, can penetrate tissue deeply and undergo less competitive absorption in coloured reaction media, enhancing the efficiency of large-scale reactions and in vivo phototherapy. Among various upconversion methodologies, the organic-based triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) stands out - demonstrating high upconversion efficiencies, requiring low excitation power densities and featuring tunable absorption and emission wavelengths. These factors contribute to improved photochemical reactions for fields such as photoredox catalysis, photoactivation, 3D printing and immunotherapy. In this Review, we explore concepts and design principles of organic TTA-UC-mediated photochemical reactions, highlighting notable advancements in the field, as well as identify challenges and propose potential solutions. This Review sheds light on the potential of organic TTA-UC to advance beyond the traditional photochemical reactions and paves the way for research in various fields and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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8
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Jin T, Wagner D, Wenger OS. Luminescent and Photoredox-Active Molybdenum(0) Complexes Competitive with Isoelectronic Ruthenium(II) Polypyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314475. [PMID: 37885363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes with chelating polypyridine ligands are among the most frequently investigated compounds in photophysics and photochemistry, owing to their favorable luminescence and photoredox properties. Equally good photoluminescence performance and attractive photocatalytic behavior is now achievable with isoelectronic molybdenum(0) complexes. The zero-valent oxidation state of molybdenum is stabilized by carbonyl or isocyanide ligands, and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states analogous to those in ruthenium(II) complexes can be established. Microsecond MLCT excited-state lifetimes and photoluminescence quantum yields up to 0.2 have been achieved in solution at room temperature, and the emission wavelength has become tunable over a large range. The molybdenum(0) complexes are stronger photoreductants than ruthenium(II) polypyridines and can therefore perform more challenging chemical reductions. The triplet nature of their luminescent MLCT states allows sensitization of photon upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation, to convert low-energy input radiation into higher-energy output fluorescence. This review summarizes the current state of the art concerning luminescent molybdenum(0) complexes and highlights their application potential. Molybdenum is roughly 140 times more abundant and far cheaper than ruthenium, hence this research is relevant in the greater context of finding more sustainable alternatives to using precious and rare transition metals in photophysics and photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Xu Y, Chau CV, Lee J, Sedgwick AC, Yu L, Li M, Peng X, Kim JS, Sessler JL. Lutetium texaphyrin: A photocatalyst that triggers pyroptosis via biomolecular photoredox catalysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314620121. [PMID: 38381784 PMCID: PMC10907263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314620121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Photon-controlled pyroptosis activation (PhotoPyro) is a promising technique for cancer immunotherapy due to its noninvasive nature, precise control, and ease of operation. Here, we report that biomolecular photoredox catalysis in cells might be an important mechanism underlying PhotoPyro. Our findings reveal that the photocatalyst lutetium texaphyrin (MLu) facilitates rapid and direct photoredox oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and various amino acids, thereby triggering pyroptosis through the caspase 3/GSDME pathway. This mechanism is distinct from the well-established role of MLu as a photodynamic therapy sensitizer in cells. Two analogs of MLu, bearing different coordinated central metal cations, were also explored as controls. The first control, gadolinium texaphyrin (MGd), is a weak photocatalyst but generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The second control, manganese texaphyrin (MMn), is ineffective as both a photocatalyst and a ROS generator. Neither MGd nor MMn was found to trigger pyroptosis under the conditions where MLu was active. Even in the presence of a ROS scavenger, treating MDA-MB-231 cells with MLu at concentrations as low as 50 nM still allows for pyroptosis photo-activation. The present findings highlight how biomolecular photoredox catalysis could contribute to pyroptosis activation by mechanisms largely independent of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul02841, Korea
| | - Calvin V. Chau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712-1224
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul02841, Korea
| | - Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712-1224
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul02841, Korea
| | - Mingle Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul02841, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02856, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712-1224
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10
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Zhao Z, Zhang T, Yue S, Wang P, Bao Y, Zhan S. Spin Polarization: A New Frontier in Efficient Photocatalysis for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300726. [PMID: 38059760 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As a promising strategy to improve photocatalytic efficiency, spin polarization has attracted enormous attention in recent years, which could be involved in various steps of photoreaction. The Pauli repulsion principle and the spin selection rule dictate that the behavior of two electrons in a spatial eigenstate is based on their spin states, and this fact opens up a new avenue for manipulating photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, recent advances in modulating the photocatalytic activity with spin polarization are systematically summarized. Fundamental insights into the influence of spin-polarization effects on photon absorption, carrier separation, and migration, and the behaviors of reaction-related substances from the photon uptake to reactant desorption are highlighted and discussed in detail, and various photocatalytic applications for environmental purification and energy conversion are presented. This review is expected to deliver a timely overview of the recent developments in spin-polarization-modulated photocatalysis for environmental purification and energy conversion in terms of their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yueping Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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11
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Han C, Kundu BK, Liang Y, Sun Y. Near-Infrared Light-Driven Photocatalysis with an Emphasis on Two-Photon Excitation: Concepts, Materials, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307759. [PMID: 37703435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of sunlight in photocatalysis is widely recognized as a promising solution for addressing the growing energy demand and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel consumption. Recently, there have been significant developments in various near-infrared (NIR) light-harvesting systems for artificial photosynthesis and photocatalytic environmental remediation. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in the utilization of NIR light through the creation of novel nanostructured materials and molecular photosensitizers, as well as modulating strategies to enhance the photocatalytic processes. A special focus is given to the emerging two-photon excitation NIR photocatalysis. The unique features and limitations of different systems are critically evaluated. In particular, it highlights the advantages of utilizing NIR light and two-photon excitation compared to UV-visible irradiation and one-photon excitation. Ongoing challenges and potential solutions for the future exploration of NIR light-responsive materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Han
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Yujun Liang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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12
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Cabanero DC, Kariofillis SK, Johns AC, Kim J, Ni J, Park S, Parker DL, Ramil CP, Roy X, Shah NH, Rovis T. Photocatalytic Activation of Aryl(trifluoromethyl) Diazos to Carbenes for High-Resolution Protein Labeling with Red Light. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1337-1345. [PMID: 38165744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
State-of-the-art methods in photoproximity labeling center on the targeted generation and capture of short-lived reactive intermediates to provide a snapshot of local protein environments. Diazirines are the current gold standard for high-resolution proximity labeling, generating short-lived aryl(trifluoromethyl) carbenes. Here, we present a method to access aryl(trifluoromethyl) carbenes from a stable diazo source via tissue-penetrable, deep red to near-infrared light (600-800 nm). The operative mechanism of this activation involves Dexter energy transfer from photoexcited osmium(II) photocatalysts to the diazo, thus revealing an aryl(trifluoromethyl) carbene. The labeling preferences of the diazo probe with amino acids are studied, showing high reactivity toward heteroatom-H bonds. Upon the synthesis of a biotinylated diazo probe, labeling studies are conducted on native proteins as well as proteins conjugated to the Os photocatalyst. Finally, we demonstrate that the conjugation of a protein inhibitor to the photocatalyst also enables selective protein labeling in the presence of spectator proteins and achieves specific labeling of a membrane protein on the surface of mammalian cells via a two-antibody photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Cabanero
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Stavros K Kariofillis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew C Johns
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jizhi Ni
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sangho Park
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Dann L Parker
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carlo P Ramil
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Neel H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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13
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Cañellas S, Nuño M, Speckmeier E. Improving reproducibility of photocatalytic reactions-how to facilitate broad application of new methods. Nat Commun 2024; 15:307. [PMID: 38182587 PMCID: PMC10770379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cañellas
- Chemical Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Manuel Nuño
- Vapourtec Ltd. Park Farm Business Centre, Fornham St Genevieve, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP28 6TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Kim D, Dang VQ, Teets TS. Improved transition metal photosensitizers to drive advances in photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 15:77-94. [PMID: 38131090 PMCID: PMC10732135 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To function effectively in a photocatalytic application, a photosensitizer's light absorption, excited-state lifetime, and redox potentials, both in the ground state and excited state, are critically important. The absorption profile is particularly relevant to applications involving solar harvesting, whereas the redox potentials and excited-state lifetimes determine the thermodynamics, kinetics, and quantum yields of photoinduced redox processes. This perspective article focuses on synthetic inorganic and organometallic approaches to optimize these three characteristics of transition-metal based photosensitizers. We include our own work in these areas, which has focused extensively on exceptionally strong cyclometalated iridium photoreductants that enable challenging reductive photoredox transformations on organic substrates, and more recent work which has led to improved solar harvesting in charge-transfer copper(i) chromophores, an emerging class of earth-abundant compounds particularly relevant to solar-energy applications. We also extensively highlight many other complementary strategies for optimizing these parameters and highlight representative examples from the recent literature. It remains a significant challenge to simultaneously optimize all three of these parameters at once, since improvements in one often come at the detriment of the others. These inherent trade-offs and approaches to obviate or circumvent them are discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooyoung Kim
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Vinh Q Dang
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Thomas S Teets
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
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15
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Sellet N, Clement-Comoy L, Elhabiri M, Cormier M, Goddard JP. Second Generation of Near-Infrared Cyanine-Based Photocatalysts for Faster Organic Transformations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302353. [PMID: 37688503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A second generation of cyanine-based near-infrared photocatalysts has been developed to accelerate organic transformations. Cyanines were prepared and fully characterized prior to evaluation of their photocatalytic activities. Catalyst efficiency was determined by using two model oxidation and reduction reactions. For the aza-Henry reaction, cyanines bearing an amino group on the heptamethine chain led to the best results. For trifluoromethylation, the stability of the photocatalyst was found to be the key parameter for efficient and rapid conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Leo Clement-Comoy
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bioorganic and MUMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), CNRS, Team Bio(IN)organic and Medicinal Chemistry, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100, Mulhouse, France
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16
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Liang X, Qian S, Lou Z, Hu R, Hou Y, Chen PR, Fan X. Near Infrared Light-Triggered Photocatalytic Decaging for Remote-Controlled Spatiotemporal Activation in Living Mice. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310920. [PMID: 37842955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal manipulation of biological processes in living animals using noninvasive, remote-controlled stimuli is a captivating but challenging endeavor. Herein, we present the development of a biocompatible photocatalytic technology termed CAT-NIR, which uses external near infrared light (NIR, 740 nm) to trigger decaging reactions in living mice. The Os(II) terpyridine complex was identified as an efficient NIR photocatalyst for promoting deboronative hydroxylation reactions via superoxide generation in the presence of NIR light, resulting in the deprotection of phenol groups and the release of bioactive molecules under living conditions. The validation of the CAT-NIR system was demonstrated through the NIR-triggered rescue of fluorophores, prodrugs as well as biomolecules ranging from amino acids, peptides to proteins. Furthermore, by combining genetic code expansion and computer-aided screening, CAT-NIR could regulate affibody binding to the cell surface receptor HER2, providing a selective cell tagging technology through external NIR light. In particular, the tissue-penetrating ability of NIR light allowed for facile prodrug activation in living mice, enabling noninvasive, remote-controlled rescue of drug molecules. Given its broad adaptability, this CAT-NIR system may open new opportunities for manipulating the functions of bioactive molecules in living animals using external NIR light with spatiotemporal resolution.
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Grants
- 22222701, 22077004, 92253301, 21937001, 22137001 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 22222701, 22077004, 92253301, 22321005, 21937001, 22137001 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2019YFA0904201, 2022YFA1304700, 2022YFE0114900 Ministry of Science and Technology
- Z200010, Z221100007422046 Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission
- YGLX202338 Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development Funding
- Li Ge-Zhao Ning Life Science Junior Research Fellowship
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shan Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Zhizheng Lou
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuchen Hou
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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17
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Xie KA, Bednarova E, Joe CL, Lin C, Sherwood TC, Simmons EM, Lainhart BC, Rovis T. Orange Light-Driven C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling via Spin-Forbidden Ir(III) Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19925-19931. [PMID: 37642382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and characterization of a library of Ir(III) photocatalysts capable of undergoing spin-forbidden excitation (SFE) under orange light irradiation (595 nm). These catalysts were successfully applied to the construction of synthetically valuable C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds inaccessible with existing methods of low-energy light-driven dual nickel/photoredox catalysis, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this photocatalyst family. The photocatalysts are capable of accessing both oxidatively and reductively activated coupling partners, illustrated through deaminative arylation and potassium alkyl trifluoroborate cross-coupling reactions with aryl halides. We demonstrate diverse substrate scopes of both cross-coupling paradigms under mild conditions in the first example of low-energy light-driven C(sp2)-C(sp3) metallaphotoredox coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eva Bednarova
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Candice L Joe
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chenxi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Trevor C Sherwood
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Brendan C Lainhart
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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18
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Mato M, Bruzzese PC, Takahashi F, Leutzsch M, Reijerse EJ, Schnegg A, Cornella J. Oxidative Addition of Aryl Electrophiles into a Red-Light-Active Bismuthinidene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18742-18747. [PMID: 37603853 PMCID: PMC10472430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative addition of aryl electrophiles is a fundamental organometallic reaction widely applied in the field of transition metal chemistry and catalysis. However, the analogous version based on main group elements still remains largely underexplored. Here, we report the ability of a well-defined organobismuth(I) complex to undergo formal oxidative addition with a wide range of aryl electrophiles. The process is facilitated by the reactivity of both the ground and excited states of N,C,N-bismuthinidenes upon absorption of low-energy red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Paolo Cleto Bruzzese
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Edward J. Reijerse
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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19
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Barth AT, Fajardo J, Sattler W, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Electronic Structures and Photoredox Chemistry of Tungsten(0) Arylisocyanides. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37384787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe high energy barriers associated with the reaction chemistry of inert substrates can be overcome by employing redox-active photocatalysts. Research in this area has grown exponentially over the past decade, as transition metal photosensitizers have been shown to mediate challenging organic transformations. Critical for the advancement of photoredox catalysis is the discovery, development, and study of complexes based on earth-abundant metals that can replace and/or complement established noble-metal-based photosensitizers.Recent work has focused on redox-active complexes of 3d metals, as photosensitizers containing these metals most likely would be scalable. Although low lying spin doublet ("spin flip") excited states of chromium(III) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of copper(I) have relatively long lifetimes, the electronic excited states of many other 3d metal complexes fall on dissociative potential energy surfaces, owing to the population of highly energetic σ-antibonding orbitals. Indeed, we and other investigators have shown that low lying spin singlet and triplet excited states of robust closed-shell metal complexes are too short-lived at room temperature to engage in bimolecular reactions in solutions. In principle, this problem could be overcome by designing and constructing 3d metal complexes containing strong field π-acceptor ligands, where thermally equilibrated MLCT or intraligand charge transfer excited states might fall well below the upper surfaces of dissociative 3d-3d states. Notably, such design elements have been exploited by investigators in very recent work on redox-active iron(II) systems. Another approach, one we have actively pursued, is to design and construct closed-shell complexes of earth-abundant 5d metals containing very strong π-acceptor ligands, where vertical excitation of 5d-5d excited states at the ground state geometry would require energies far above minima in the potential surfaces of MLCT excited states. As this requirement is met by tungsten(0) arylisocyanides, these complexes have been the focus of our work aimed at the development of robust redox-active photosensitizers.In the following Account, we review recent work on homoleptic tungsten(0) arylisocyanides. Originally reported by our group 45 years ago, W(CNAr)6 complexes have exceptionally large one- and two-photon absorption cross-sections. One- or two-photon excitation produces relatively long-lived (hundreds of nanoseconds to microsecond) MLCT excited states in high yields. These MLCT excited states, which are very strong reductants with E°(W+/*W0) = -2.2 to -3.0 V vs Fc[+/0], mediate photocatalysis of organic reactions with both visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. Here, we highlight design principles that led to the development of three generations of W(CNAr)6 photosensitizers; and we discuss likely steps in the mechanism of a prototypal W(CNAr)6-catalyzed base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution reaction. Among the many potential applications of these very bright luminophores, two-photon imaging and two-photon-initiated polymerization are ones we plan to pursue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Barth
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Javier Fajardo
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wesley Sattler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jay R Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry B Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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20
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Li H, Wang C, Glaser F, Sinha N, Wenger OS. Metal-Organic Bichromophore Lowers the Upconversion Excitation Power Threshold and Promotes UV Photoreactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11402-11414. [PMID: 37186558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion is a promising strategy to use visible light for chemical reactions requiring the energy input of UV photons. This strategy avoids unsafe ultraviolet light sources and can mitigate photo-damage and provide access to reactions, for which filter effects hamper direct UV excitation. Here, we report a new approach to make blue-to-UV upconversion more amenable to photochemical applications. The tethering of a naphthalene unit to a cyclometalated iridium(III) complex yields a bichromophore with a high triplet energy (2.68 eV) and a naphthalene-based triplet reservoir featuring a lifetime of 72.1 μs, roughly a factor of 20 longer than the photoactive excited state of the parent iridium(III) complex. In combination with three different annihilators, consistently lower thresholds for the blue-to-UV upconversion to crossover from a quadratic into a linear excitation power dependence regime were observed with the bichromophore compared to the parent iridium(III) complex. The upconversion system composed of the bichromophore and the 2,5-diphenyloxazole annihilator is sufficiently robust under long-term blue irradiation to continuously provide a high-energy singlet-excited state that can drive chemical reactions normally requiring UV light. Both photoredox and energy transfer catalyses were feasible using this concept, including the reductive N-O bond cleavage of Weinreb amides, a C-C coupling reaction based on reductive aryl debromination, and two Paternò-Büchi [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions. Our work seems relevant in the context of developing new strategies for driving energetically demanding photochemistry with low-energy input light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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21
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Hong D, Shi L, Liu X, Ya H, Han X. Photocatalysis in Water-Soluble Supramolecular Metal Organic Complex. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104068. [PMID: 37241809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an emerging subset of organic complexes, metal complexes have garnered considerable attention owing to their outstanding structures, properties, and applications. In this content, metal-organic cages (MOCs) with defined shapes and sizes provide internal spaces to isolate water for guest molecules, which can be selectively captured, isolated, and released to achieve control over chemical reactions. Complex supramolecules are constructed by simulating the self-assembly behavior of the molecules or structures in nature. For this purpose, massive amounts of cavity-containing supramolecules, such as metal-organic cages (MOCs), have been extensively explored for a large variety of reactions with a high degree of reactivity and selectivity. Because sunlight and water are necessary for the process of photosynthesis, water-soluble metal-organic cages (WSMOCs) are ideal platforms for photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation by simulating photosynthesis due to their defined sizes, shapes, and high modularization of metal centers and ligands. Therefore, the design and synthesis of WSMOCs with uncommon geometries embedded with functional building units is of immense importance for artificial photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation. In this review, we introduce the general synthetic strategies of WSMOCs and their applications in this sparking field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Hong
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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22
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Schade AH, Mei L. Applications of red light photoredox catalysis in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2472-2485. [PMID: 36880439 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has emerged as an efficient and versatile approach for developing novel synthetic methodologies. Particularly, red light photocatalysis has attracted more attention due to its intrinsic advantages of low energy, few health risks, few side reactions, and high penetration depth through various media. Impressive progress has been made in this field. In this review, we outline the applications of different photoredox catalysts in a wide range of red light-mediated reactions including direct red light photoredox catalysis, red light photoredox catalysis through upconversion, and dual red light photoredox catalysis. Due to the similarities between near-infrared (NIR) and red light, an overview of NIR-induced reactions is also presented. Lastly, current evidence showing the advantages of red light and NIR photoredox catalysis is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Schade
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - Liangyong Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
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23
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Cabanero DC, Nguyen JA, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP, Rovis T. Deep Red to Near-Infrared Light-Controlled Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Cabanero
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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24
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Red light-driven electron sacrificial agents-free photoreduction of inert aryl halides via triplet-triplet annihilation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1102. [PMID: 36843133 PMCID: PMC9968713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective photoactivation of inert aryl halides is a fundamental challenge in organic synthesis. Specially, the long-wavelength red light is more desirable than the widely-applied blue light as the excitation source for photoredox catalysis, due to its superior penetration depth. However, the long-wavelength red light-driven photoactivation of inert aryl halides remains a challenge, mainly because of the low energy of the single long-wavelength red photon. Herein, we report the photoreduction of aryl bromides/chlorides with 656 nm LED via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) strategy. This method is based on our discovery that the commonly used chromophore of perylene can serve as an efficient and metal-free photocatalyst to enable the photoreduction of inert aryl halides without the conventional need for electronic sacrificial agents. By introducing a red light-absorbing photosensitizer to this perylene system, we accomplish the long-wavelength red light-driven photoreduction of aryl halides via sensitized TTA mechanism. Moreover, the performance of such a TTA-mediated photoreduction can be significantly enhanced when restricting the rotation freedom of phenyl moiety for perylene derivatives to suppress their triplet nonradiative transition, in both small and large-scale reaction settings.
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Kundu BK, Han G, Sun Y. Derivatized Benzothiazoles as Two-Photon-Absorbing Organic Photosensitizers Active under Near Infrared Light Irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3535-3542. [PMID: 36731120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous organic photocatalysis typically requires molecular photosensitizers absorbing in the ultraviolet-visible (UV/vis) region, because UV/vis photons possess the sufficient energy to excite those one-photon-absorbing photosensitizers to the desired excited states. However, UV/vis light irradiation has many potential limitations, especially for large-scale applications, such as low penetration through reaction media, competing absorption by substrates and co-catalysts, and incompatibility with substrates bearing light-sensitive functionalities. In fact, these drawbacks can be effectively avoided if near infrared (NIR) photons can be utilized to drive the target reactions. Herein, we report two benzothiazole-derived compounds as novel two-photon-absorbing (TPA) organic photosensitizers, which can function under NIR light irradiation using inexpensive LED as the light source. We demonstrate that by judicially modulating the donor-π-acceptor-π-donor-conjugated structure containing a bibenzothiazole core and imine bridges, excellent two-photon absorption capability in the NIR region can be achieved, approaching 2000 GM at 850 nm. Together with large quantum yields (∼0.5), these benzothiazole-derived TPA organic photosensitizers exhibit excellent performance in driving various O2-involved organic reactions upon irradiation at 850 nm, showing great penetration depth, superior to that upon blue light irradiation. A suite of photophysical and computational studies were performed to shed light on the underlying electronic states responsible for the observed TPA capability. Overall, this work highlights the promise of developing Ru/Ir-free organic photosensitizers operative in the NIR region by taking advantage of the two-photon absorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Guanqun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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26
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Zähringer TJB, Moghtader JA, Bertrams MS, Roy B, Uji M, Yanai N, Kerzig C. Blue-to-UVB Upconversion, Solvent Sensitization and Challenging Bond Activation Enabled by a Benzene-Based Annihilator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215340. [PMID: 36398891 PMCID: PMC10108172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several energy-demanding photoreactions require harsh UV light from inefficient light sources. The conversion of low-energy visible light to high-energy singlet states via triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) could offer a solution for driving such reactions under mild conditions. We present the first annihilator with an emission maximum in the UVB region that, combined with an organic sensitizer, is suitable for blue-to-UVB upconversion. The annihilator singlet was successfully employed as an energy donor in subsequent FRET activations of aliphatic carbonyls. This hitherto unreported UC-FRET reaction sequence was directly monitored using laser spectroscopy and applied to mechanistic irradiation experiments demonstrating the feasibility of Norrish chemistry. Our results provide clear evidence for a novel blue light-driven substrate or solvent activation strategy, which is important in the context of developing more sustainable light-to-chemical energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till J B Zähringer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian A Moghtader
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria-Sophie Bertrams
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bibhisan Roy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Uji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Habib I, Singha K, Hossain M. Recent Progress on Pyridine
N
‐Oxide in Organic Transformations: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Habib
- Synthetic Organic Research Laboratory UGC-HRDC (Chemistry) University of North Bengal Siliguri Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Koustav Singha
- Synthetic Organic Research Laboratory UGC-HRDC (Chemistry) University of North Bengal Siliguri Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Mossaraf Hossain
- Synthetic Organic Research Laboratory UGC-HRDC (Chemistry) University of North Bengal Siliguri Darjeeling 734013 India
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28
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Traxler M, Reischauer S, Vogl S, Roeser J, Rabeah J, Penschke C, Saalfrank P, Pieber B, Thomas A. Programmable Photocatalytic Activity of Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks Used as Metallaphotocatalysts. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202967. [PMID: 36223495 PMCID: PMC10108091 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The multicomponent approach allows to incorporate several functionalities into a single covalent organic framework (COF) and consequently allows the construction of bifunctional materials for cooperative catalysis. The well-defined structure of such multicomponent COFs is furthermore ideally suited for structure-activity relationship studies. We report a series of multicomponent COFs that contain acridine- and 2,2'-bipyridine linkers connected through 1,3,5-benzenetrialdehyde derivatives. The acridine motif is responsible for broad light absorption, while the bipyridine unit enables complexation of nickel catalysts. These features enable the usage of the framework materials as catalysts for light-mediated carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings. Variation of the node units shows that the catalytic activity correlates to the keto-enamine tautomer isomerism. This allows switching between high charge-carrier mobility and persistent, localized charge-separated species depending on the nodes, a tool to tailor the materials for specific reactions. Moreover, nickel-loaded COFs are recyclable and catalyze cross-couplings even using red light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Traxler
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher Penschke
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Tay NES, Ryu KA, Weber JL, Olow AK, Cabanero DC, Reichman DR, Oslund RC, Fadeyi OO, Rovis T. Targeted activation in localized protein environments via deep red photoredox catalysis. Nat Chem 2023; 15:101-109. [PMID: 36216892 PMCID: PMC9840673 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art photoactivation strategies in chemical biology provide spatiotemporal control and visualization of biological processes. However, using high-energy light (λ < 500 nm) for substrate or photocatalyst sensitization can lead to background activation of photoactive small-molecule probes and reduce its efficacy in complex biological environments. Here we describe the development of targeted aryl azide activation via deep red-light (λ = 660 nm) photoredox catalysis and its use in photocatalysed proximity labelling. We demonstrate that aryl azides are converted to triplet nitrenes via a redox-centric mechanism and show that its spatially localized formation requires both red light and a photocatalyst-targeting modality. This technology was applied in different colon cancer cell systems for targeted protein environment labelling of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). We identified a small subset of proteins with previously known and unknown association to EpCAM, including CDH3, a clinically relevant protein that shares high tumour-selective expression with EpCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Eng Soon Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Keun Ah Ryu
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John L. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aleksandra K. Olow
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - David C. Cabanero
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - David R. Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rob C. Oslund
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA,Current Address: InduPro, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA,Corresponding authors: , ,
| | - Olugbeminiyi O. Fadeyi
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA,Current Address: InduPro, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA,Corresponding authors: , ,
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Sensitizer-controlled photochemical reactivity via upconversion of red light. Chem Sci 2022; 14:149-161. [PMID: 36605743 PMCID: PMC9769107 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the energy input from two red photons, chemical reactions that would normally require blue or ultraviolet irradiation become accessible. Key advantages of this biphotonic excitation strategy are that red light usually penetrates deeper into complex reaction mixtures and causes less photo-damage than direct illumination in the blue or ultraviolet. Here, we demonstrate that the primary light-absorber of a dual photocatalytic system comprised of a transition metal-based photosensitizer and an organic co-catalyst can completely alter the reaction outcome. Photochemical reductions are achieved with a copper(i) complex in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, whereas oxidative substrate activation occurs with an osmium(ii) photosensitizer. Based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy, this changeover in photochemical reactivity is due to different underlying biphotonic mechanisms. Following triplet energy transfer from the osmium(ii) photosensitizer to 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, the fluorescent singlet excited state of DCA triggers oxidative substrate activation, which initiates the cis to trans isomerization of an olefin, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, an aryl ether to ester rearrangement, and a Newman-Kwart rearrangement. This oxidative substrate activation stands in contrast to the reactivity with a copper(i) photosensitizer, where photoinduced electron transfer generates the DCA radical anion, which upon further excitation triggers reductive dehalogenations and detosylations. Our study provides the proof-of-concept for controlling the outcome of a red-light driven biphotonic reaction by altering the photosensitizer, and this seems relevant in the greater context of tailoring photochemical reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
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31
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Goldschmid SL, Soon Tay NE, Joe CL, Lainhart BC, Sherwood TC, Simmons EM, Sezen-Edmonds M, Rovis T. Overcoming Photochemical Limitations in Metallaphotoredox Catalysis: Red-Light-Driven C-N Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22409-22415. [PMID: 36417474 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aryl amination is an essential transformation for medicinal, process, and materials chemistry. In addition to classic Buchwald-Hartwig amination conditions, blue-light-driven metallaphotoredox catalysis has emerged as a valuable tool for C-N cross-coupling. However, blue light suffers from low penetration through reaction media, limiting its scalability for industrial purposes. In addition, blue light enhances unwanted side-product formation in metallaphotoredox catalysis, namely hydrodehalogenation. Low-energy light, such as deep red (DR) or near-infrared (NIR), offers a solution to this problem as it can provide enhanced penetration through reaction media as compared to higher-energy wavelengths. Herein, we show that low-energy light can also enhance the desired reactivity in metallaphotoredox catalysis by suppressing unwanted hydrodehalogenation. We hypothesize that the reduced side product is formed by direct photolysis of the aryl-nickel bond by the high-energy light, leading to the generation of aryl radicals. Using deep-red or near-infrared light and an osmium photocatalyst, we demonstrate an enhanced scope of (hetero)aryl bromides and amine-based nucleophiles with minimal formation of hydrodehalogenation byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Goldschmid
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Nicholas Eng Soon Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Candice L Joe
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey08903, United States
| | - Brendan C Lainhart
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey08903, United States
| | - Trevor C Sherwood
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey08543, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey08903, United States
| | - Melda Sezen-Edmonds
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey08903, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
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32
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Sellet N, Sebbat M, Elhabiri M, Cormier M, Goddard JP. Squaraines as near-infrared photocatalysts for organic reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13759-13762. [PMID: 36416727 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, unprecedented uses of squaraine derivatives as new organic near-infrared photocatalysts are reported. These efficient molecular tools are able to promote oxidation and reduction for organic transformations through photocatalytic conditions. A mechanistic investigation is performed to distinguish between competitive Single Electron Transfer and Energy Transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Mulhouse 68100, France.
| | - Malik Sebbat
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Mulhouse 68100, France.
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA UMR7042, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Team Bio(IN)organic and Medicinal Chemistry, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg F-67087, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Mulhouse 68100, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Mulhouse 68100, France.
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33
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Selective functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds to synthesize complex molecules. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Wdowik T, Łuczak K, Wierzba AJ, Drapała O, Gryko D. Porphyrins as Promising Photocatalysts for Red-Light-Induced Functionalizations of Biomolecules. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:422-426. [PMID: 36855670 PMCID: PMC9955257 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red-light enables deeper material penetration, which is important for biological applications and has consequences for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the search for new photocatalysts that absorb in this region is crucial. Despite the undeniable utility of porphyrins in blue- and green-light-induced energy- and electron-transfer processes, they are also perfectly suited for red-light applications. Herein, we describe free-base porphyrins as photoredox catalysts for red-light-induced organic transformations. They can act as both photooxidants and photoreductants and can accomplish the synthesis of biaryls once merged with Pd-catalysis. The developed methodology holds promise for broader applications, as the heme-based protoporphyrin is used as a photocatalyst and reactions can be realized in aqueous conditions.
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35
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Cesana PT, Page CG, Harris D, Emmanuel MA, Hyster TK, Schlau-Cohen GS. Photoenzymatic Catalysis in a New Light: Gluconobacter “Ene”-Reductase Conjugates Possessing High-Energy Reactivity with Tunable Low-Energy Excitation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17516-17521. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Cesana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Claire G. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Dvir Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan A. Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Todd K. Hyster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Connell TU. The forgotten reagent of photoredox catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13176-13188. [PMID: 35997070 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01491b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light powers an ever-expanding suite of reactions to both make and break chemical bonds under otherwise mild conditions. As a reagent in photochemical synthesis, light is obviously critical for reactivity but rarely optimized other than in light/dark controls. This Frontier Article presents an overview of recent research that investigates the unique ways light may be manipulated, and its unusual interactions with homogeneous transition metal and organic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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37
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Ogbu IM, Bassani DM, Robert F, Landais Y. Photocatalyzed decarboxylation of oxamic acids under near-infrared conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8802-8805. [PMID: 35838178 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03155h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids under near-infrared irradiation using Os(bptpy)2(PF6)2 as catalyst is reported. The reaction was applied to the synthesis of urethanes and heterocyclic amides. Mechanistic studies and comparative penetration depths between the NIR and the visible light mediated processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Martin Ogbu
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Dario M Bassani
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Robert
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Yannick Landais
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
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38
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Ossinger S, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Manganese(I) Complex with Monodentate Arylisocyanide Ligands Shows Photodissociation Instead of Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10533-10547. [PMID: 35768069 PMCID: PMC9377510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recently reported
manganese(I) complexes with chelating arylisocyanide
ligands exhibit luminescent metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT)
excited states, similar to ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with
the same d6 valence electron configuration used for many
different applications in photophysics and photochemistry. However,
chelating arylisocyanide ligands require substantial synthetic effort,
and therefore it seemed attractive to explore the possibility of using
more readily accessible monodentate arylisocyanides instead. Here,
we synthesized the new Mn(I) complex [Mn(CNdippPhOMe2)6]PF6 with the known ligand CNdippPhOMe2 = 4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide. This
complex was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal structure
analysis, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
(HR-ESI-MS) measurements, IR spectroscopy supported by density functional
theory (DFT) calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and time-resolved as
well as steady-state UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The key
finding is that the new Mn(I) complex is nonluminescent and instead
undergoes arylisocyanide ligand loss during continuous visible laser
irradiation into ligand-centered and charge-transfer absorption bands,
presumably owed to the population of dissociative d–d excited
states. Thus, it seems that chelating bi- or tridentate binding motifs
are essential for obtaining emissive MLCT excited states in manganese(I)
arylisocyanides. Our work contributes to understanding the basic properties
of photoactive first-row transition metal complexes and could help
advance the search for alternatives to precious metal-based luminophores,
photocatalysts, and sensors. We
report the synthesis, characterization, and X-ray crystal
structure of an octahedral manganese(I) complex with six monodentate
arylisocyanide ligands that undergoes photoinduced ligand loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Red Light-Based Dual Photoredox Strategy Resembling the Z-Scheme of Natural Photosynthesis. JACS AU 2022; 2:1488-1503. [PMID: 35783177 PMCID: PMC9241018 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis typically relies on the use of single chromophores, whereas strategies, in which two different light absorbers are combined, are rare. In photosystems I and II of green plants, the two separate chromophores P680 and P700 both absorb light independently of one another, and then their excitation energy is combined in the so-called Z-scheme, to drive an overall reaction that is thermodynamically very demanding. Here, we adapt this concept to perform photoredox reactions on organic substrates with the combined energy input of two red photons instead of blue or UV light. Specifically, a CuI bis(α-diimine) complex in combination with in situ formed 9,10-dicyanoanthracenyl radical anion in the presence of excess diisopropylethylamine catalyzes ca. 50 dehalogenation and detosylation reactions. This dual photoredox approach seems useful because red light is less damaging and has a greater penetration depth than blue or UV radiation. UV-vis transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the subtle change in solvent from acetonitrile to acetone induces a changeover in the reaction mechanism, involving either a dominant photoinduced electron transfer or a dominant triplet-triplet energy transfer pathway. Our study illustrates the mechanistic complexity in systems operating under multiphotonic excitation conditions, and it provides insights into how the competition between desirable and unwanted reaction steps can become more controllable.
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40
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Tanioka M, Kuromiya A, Ueda R, Obata T, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Kamino S. Bridged eosin Y: a visible and near-infrared photoredox catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7825-7828. [PMID: 35748437 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02907c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new NIR photoredox catalyst, bridged eosin Y (BEY), has been developed. Its detailed structure and NIR optical properties are clarified by using various spectroscopic methods, X-ray single-crystal structure analysis and DFT calculations. In addition, we demonstrate the photoreaction in colored reagents and high-concentration suspensions to show the advantage of NIR photoredox-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanioka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Ayako Kuromiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Rina Ueda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Tohru Obata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-Shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kamino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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41
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Direct Utilization of Near-Infrared Light for Photooxidation with a Metal-Free Photocatalyst. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134047. [PMID: 35807299 PMCID: PMC9268673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered photoredox catalysis is highly desirable because NIR light occupies almost 50% of solar energy and possesses excellent penetrating power in various media. Herein we utilize a metal-free boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative as the photocatalyst to achieve NIR light (720 nm LED)–driven oxidation of benzylamine derivatives, sulfides, and aryl boronic acids. Compared to blue light–driven photooxidation using Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as a photocatalyst, NIR light–driven photooxidation exhibited solvent independence and superior performance in large-volume (20 mL) reaction, presumably thanks to the neutral structure of a BODIPY photocatalyst and the deeper penetration depth of NIR light. We further demonstrate the application of this metal-free NIR photooxidation to prodrug activation and combination with Cu-catalysis for cross coupling reaction, exhibiting the potential of metal-free NIR photooxidation as a toolbox for organic synthesis and drug development.
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42
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Sinha N, Pfund B, Wegeberg C, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Cobalt(III) Carbene Complex with an Electronic Excited-State Structure Similar to Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9859-9873. [PMID: 35623627 PMCID: PMC9490849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many organometallic
iridium(III) complexes have photoactive excited
states with mixed metal-to-ligand and intraligand charge transfer
(MLCT/ILCT) character, which form the basis for numerous applications
in photophysics and photochemistry. Cobalt(III) complexes with analogous
MLCT excited-state properties seem to be unknown yet, despite the
fact that iridium(III) and cobalt(III) can adopt identical low-spin
d6 valence electron configurations due to their close chemical
relationship. Using a rigid tridentate chelate ligand (LCNC), in which a central amido π-donor is flanked by two σ-donating
N-heterocyclic carbene subunits, we obtained a robust homoleptic complex
[Co(LCNC)2](PF6), featuring a photoactive
excited state with substantial MLCT character. Compared to the vast
majority of isoelectronic iron(II) complexes, the MLCT state of [Co(LCNC)2](PF6) is long-lived because it
does not deactivate as efficiently into lower-lying metal-centered
excited states; furthermore, it engages directly in photoinduced electron
transfer reactions. The comparison with [Fe(LCNC)2](PF6), as well as structural, electrochemical, and UV–vis
transient absorption studies, provides insight into new ligand design
principles for first-row transition-metal complexes with photophysical
and photochemical properties reminiscent of those known from the platinum
group metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Calogero F, Magagnano G, Potenti S, Pasca F, Fermi A, Gualandi A, Ceroni P, Bergamini G, Cozzi PG. Diastereoselective and enantioselective photoredox pinacol coupling promoted by titanium complexes with a red-absorbing organic dye. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5973-5981. [PMID: 35685797 PMCID: PMC9132033 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pinacol coupling reaction, a reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds that proceeds through the formation of ketyl radicals in the presence of an electron donor, affords the corresponding 1,2-diols in one single step. The photoredox version of this transformation has been accomplished using different organic dyes or photoactive metal complexes in the presence of sacrificial donors such as tertiary amines or Hantzsch's ester. Normally, the homo-coupling of such reactive ketyl radicals is neither diastereo- nor enantio-selective. Herein, we report a highly diastereoselective pinacol coupling reaction of aromatic aldehydes promoted by 5 mol% of the non-toxic, inexpensive and available Cp2TiCl2 complex. The key feature that allows the complete control of diastereoselectivity is the employment of a red-absorbing organic dye in the presence of a redox-active titanium complex. Taking advantage of the well-tailored photoredox potential of this organic dye, the selective reduction of Ti(iv) to Ti(iii) is achieved. These conditions enable the formation of the d,l (syn) diastereoisomer as the favored product of the pinacol coupling (d.r. > 20 : 1 in most of the cases). Moreover, employing a simply prepared chiral SalenTi complex, the new photoredox reaction gave a complete diastereoselection for the d,l diastereoisomer, and high enantiocontrol (up to 92% of enantiomeric excess). A metallaphotoredox, diastereoselective and enantioselective pinacol coupling reaction promoted by titanium complexes with the use of a red-absorbing organic dye was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calogero
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giandomenico Magagnano
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Simone Potenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy .,Laboratorio SMART, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Francesco Pasca
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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44
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Han G, Li G, Huang J, Han C, Turro C, Sun Y. Two-photon-absorbing ruthenium complexes enable near infrared light-driven photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2288. [PMID: 35484148 PMCID: PMC9051202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One-photon-absorbing photosensitizers are commonly used in homogeneous photocatalysis which require the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) /visible light to populate the desired excited states with adequate energy and lifetime. Nevertheless, the limited penetration depth and competing absorption by organic substrates of UV/visible light calls upon exploring the utilization of longer-wavelength irradiation, such as near-infrared light (λirr > 700 nm). Despite being found applications in photodynamic therapy and bioimaging, two-photon absorption (TPA), the simultaneous absorption of two photons by one molecule, has been rarely explored in homogeneous photocatalysis. Herein, we report a group of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes possessing TPA capability that can drive a variety of organic transformations upon irradiation with 740 nm light. We demonstrate that these TPA ruthenium complexes can operate in an analogous manner as one-photon-absorbing photosensitizers for both energy-transfer and photoredox reactions, as well as function in concert with a transition metal co-catalyst for metallaphotoredox C-C coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chuang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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45
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Markushyna Y, Savateev A. Light as a tool in organic photocatalysis: multi‐photon excitation and chromoselective reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Markushyna
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Colloid Chemistry Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Colloid Chemistry GERMANY
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46
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Wu C, Corrigan N, Lim CH, Liu W, Miyake G, Boyer C. Rational Design of Photocatalysts for Controlled Polymerization: Effect of Structures on Photocatalytic Activities. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5476-5518. [PMID: 34982536 PMCID: PMC9815102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of photocatalysts (PCs) in controlled polymerization has brought new opportunities in sophisticated macromolecular synthesis. However, the selection of PCs in these systems has been typically based on laborious trial-and-error strategies. To tackle this limitation, computer-guided rational design of PCs based on knowledge of structure-property-performance relationships has emerged. These rational strategies provide rapid and economic methodologies for tuning the performance and functionality of a polymerization system, thus providing further opportunities for polymer science. This review provides an overview of PCs employed in photocontrolled polymerization systems and summarizes their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art. Background theories on electronic transitions are also introduced to establish the structure-property-performance relationships from a perspective of quantum chemistry. Typical examples for each type of structure-property relationships are then presented to enlighten future design of PCs for photocontrolled polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | | | - Chern-Hooi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- New Iridium Incorporated, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Garret Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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47
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Wang S, Tang L, Cai B, Yin Z, Li Y, Xiong L, Kang X, Xuan J, Pei Y, Zhu M. Ligand Modification of Au 25 Nanoclusters for Near-Infrared Photocatalytic Oxidative Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3787-3792. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Baogui Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhengmao Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 211105, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 211105, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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48
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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49
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Sasaki Y, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Osmium Complex-Chromophore Conjugates with Both Singlet-to-Triplet Absorption and Long Triplet Lifetime through Tuning of the Heavy-Atom Effect. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5982-5990. [PMID: 35080875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Os(II) complexes showing singlet-to-triplet absorption are of growing interest as a new class of triplet sensitizers that circumvent energy loss during intersystem crossing, and they enable effective utilization of input photon energy in various applications, such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, and photon upconversion. However, triplet excited-state lifetimes of Os(II) complexes are often too short (τ < 1 μs) to transfer their energy to neighboring molecules. While the covalent conjugation of chromophores has been known to extend the net excited-state lifetimes through an intramolecular triplet energy transfer (IMET), heavy-atom effects of the central metals on the attached chromophore units have rarely been discussed. Here, we investigate the relationship between the spin-density contribution of the heavy metals and the net triplet excited-state lifetimes for a series of Os(II) and Ru(II) bis(terpyridine) complexes modified with perylene units. Phosphorescence lifetimes of these compounds strongly depend on the lifetimes of the perylenyl group-localized excited states that are shortened by the heavy-atom effect. The degree of heavy-atom effect can be largely circumvented by introducing meta-phenylene bridges, where the perylene unit retains its intrinsic long excited-state lifetime. The thermal activation to the short-lived excited states is suppressed, thanks to sufficient but still small energy losses during the IMET process. Involvement of the metal center was also confirmed by the prolonged lifetime by replacing Os(II) with Ru(II) that possesses a smaller spin-orbit coupling constant. These results indicate the importance of ligand structures that give a minimum heavy-atom effect as well as the sufficient energy gap among the excited states and fast IMET for elongating the triplet excited-state lifetime without sacrificing the excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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50
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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