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Zhou J, Cheng H, Cheng J, Wang L, Xu H. The Emergence of High-Performance Conjugated Polymer/Inorganic Semiconductor Hybrid Photoelectrodes for Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300418. [PMID: 37421184 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion holds great potential in converting solar energy into storable and transportable chemicals or fuels, providing a viable route toward a carbon-neutral society. Conjugated polymers are rapidly emerging as a new class of materials for PEC water splitting. They exhibit many intriguing properties including tunable electronic structures through molecular engineering, excellent light harvesting capability with high absorption coefficients, and facile fabrication of large-area thin films via solution processing. Recent advances have indicated that integrating rationally designed conjugated polymers with inorganic semiconductors is a promising strategy for fabricating efficient and stable hybrid photoelectrodes for high-efficiency PEC water splitting. This review introduces the history of developing conjugated polymers for PEC water splitting. Notable examples of utilizing conjugated polymers to broaden the light absorption range, improve stability, and enhance the charge separation efficiency of hybrid photoelectrodes are highlighted. Furthermore, key challenges and future research opportunities for further improvements are also presented. This review provides an up-to-date overview of fabricating stable and high-efficiency PEC devices by integrating conjugated polymers with state-of-the-art semiconductors and would have significant implications for the broad solar-to-chemical energy conversion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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2
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Qu T, Nan G, Ouyang Y, Bieketuerxun B, Yan X, Qi Y, Zhang Y. Structure-Property Relationship, Glass Transition, and Crystallization Behaviors of Conjugated Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4268. [PMID: 37959948 PMCID: PMC10649048 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have gained considerable interest due to their unique structures and promising applications in areas such as optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and flexible electronics. This review focuses on the structure-property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure of conjugated polymers and their properties is essential for optimizing their performance. The glass transition temperature (Tg) plays a key role in determining the processability and application of conjugated polymers. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the glass transition phenomenon and explore how side-chain interaction affects Tg. The crystallization behavior of conjugated polymers significantly impacts their mechanical and electrical properties. We investigate the nucleation and growth processes, as well as the factors that influence the crystallization process. The development of the three generations of conjugated polymers in controlling the crystalline structure and enhancing polymer ordering is also discussed. This review highlights advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and thermal analysis, which provide insights into molecular ordering and polymer-crystal interfaces. This review provides an insight of the structure-property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. It serves as a foundation for further research and development of conjugated polymer-based materials with enhanced properties and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Guangming Nan
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Bahaerguli. Bieketuerxun
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Xiuling Yan
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
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3
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Schwaiger DM, Lohstroh W, Müller-Buschbaum P. The Influence of the Blend Ratio, Solvent Additive, and Post-production Treatment on the Polymer Dynamics in PTB7:PCBM Blend Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M. Schwaiger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Koch T, Bachmann J, Lettmann T, Doltsinis NL. Multiscale modelling of charge transport in P3HT:DIPBI bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12233-12250. [PMID: 34009221 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charge transport properties of a P3HT:DIPBI bulk heterojunction solar cell are modelled by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations based on a morphology obtained from coarse-grained molecular dynamics. Different methods for calculating the hopping integrals entering the charge transfer rates are compared and calibrated for hole transport in amorphous P3HT. The influence of intermolecular and intramolecular charge transfer on the total charge carrier mobility and hence the power conversion efficiency is investigated in detail. An analysis of the most probable pathways with low resistance for hole transport is performed, establishing a connection between charge mobility and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Koch
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jim Bachmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Tobias Lettmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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5
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Bello L, Sing CE. Mechanisms of Diffusive Charge Transport in Redox-Active Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Bello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Dong BX, Wenderott JK, Green PF. Charge carrier transport in thin conjugated polymer films: influence of morphology and polymer/substrate interactions. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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7
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Spakowitz AJ. Polymer physics across scales: Modeling the multiscale behavior of functional soft materials and biological systems. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:230902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Spakowitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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8
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Rudnicki PE, MacPherson Q, Balhorn L, Feng B, Qin J, Salleo A, Spakowitz AJ. Impact of Liquid-Crystalline Chain Alignment on Charge Transport in Conducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Gu K, Loo Y. The Polymer Physics of Multiscale Charge Transport in Conjugated Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Yueh‐Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the EnvironmentPrinceton University Princeton New Jersey 08544
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10
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Greco C, Melnyk A, Kremer K, Andrienko D, Daoulas KC. Generic Model for Lamellar Self-Assembly in Conjugated Polymers: Linking Mesoscopic Morphology and Charge Transport in P3HT. Macromolecules 2019; 52:968-981. [PMID: 30792553 PMCID: PMC6376450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We develop a generic coarse-grained model of soluble conjugated polymers, capable of describing their self-assembly into a lamellar mesophase. Polymer chains are described by a hindered-rotation model, where interaction centers represent entire repeat units, including side chains. We introduce soft anisotropic nonbonded interactions to mimic the potential of mean force between atomistic repeat units. The functional form of this potential reflects the symmetry of the molecular order in a lamellar mesophase. The model can generate both nematic and lamellar (sanidic smectic) molecular arrangements. We parametrize this model for a soluble conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and demonstrate that the simulated lamellar mesophase matches morphologies of low molecular weight P3HT, experimentally observed at elevated temperatures. A qualitative charge-transport model allows us to link local chain conformations and mesoscale order to charge transport. In particular, it shows how coarsening of lamellar domains and chain extension increase the charge carrier mobility. By modeling large systems and long chains, we can capture transport between lamellar layers, which is due to rare, but thermodynamically allowed, backbone bridges between neighboring layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Greco
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anton Melnyk
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Ch. Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Nikolka M, Schweicher G, Armitage J, Nasrallah I, Jellett C, Guo Z, Hurhangee M, Sadhanala A, McCulloch I, Nielsen CB, Sirringhaus H. Performance Improvements in Conjugated Polymer Devices by Removal of Water-Induced Traps. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801874. [PMID: 30022541 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of a wide range of molecular structures has led to the development of high-performance conjugated polymer semiconductors for flexible electronic applications including displays, sensors, and logic circuits. Nevertheless, many conjugated polymer field-effect transistors (OFETs) exhibit nonideal device characteristics and device instabilities rendering them unfit for industrial applications. These often do not originate in the material's intrinsic molecular structure, but rather in external trap states caused by chemical impurities or environmental species such as water. Here, a highly efficient mechanism is demonstrated for the removal of water-induced traps that are omnipresent in conjugated polymer devices even when processed in inert environments; the underlying mechanism is shown, by which small-molecular additives with water-binding nitrile groups or alternatively water-solvent azeotropes are capable of removing water-induced traps leading to a significant improvement in OFET performance. It is also shown how certain polymer structures containing strong hydrogen accepting groups will suffer from poor performances due to their high susceptibility to interact with water molecules; this allows the design guidelines for a next generation of stable, high-performing conjugated polymers to be set forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nikolka
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John Armitage
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Iyad Nasrallah
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Cameron Jellett
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhijie Guo
- Dr. C. B. Nielsen, Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michael Hurhangee
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Kaust Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Dr. C. B. Nielsen, Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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12
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Zhang W, Milner ST, Gomez ED. Nematic Order Imposes Molecular Weight Effect on Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:413-421. [PMID: 29632888 PMCID: PMC5879482 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nematic order, in the bulk or at interfaces, is ubiquitous for semiflexible conjugated polymers. Nevertheless, the effect of liquid crystalline order on charge transport remains unclear. Using an analytical model, we demonstrate that nematic order leads to an enhancement in charge mobilities when compared to isotropic chains. Furthermore, we predict a quadratic dependence of the charge mobility on molecular weight of the chains. Analysis of the probability of forming hairpin defects also shows how the persistence length affects charge transport in conjugated polymers. We speculate that the prevalence of nematic order in conjugated polymers explains the reported increase in charge mobilities with molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott T. Milner
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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13
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Abstract
In this paper, we present our generalized kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) framework for the simulation of organic semiconductors and electronic devices such as solar cells (OSCs) and light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Our model generalizes the geometrical representation of the multifaceted properties of the organic material by the use of a non-cubic, generalized Voronoi tessellation and a model that connects sites to polymer chains. Herewith, we obtain a realistic model for both amorphous and crystalline domains of small molecules and polymers. Furthermore, we generalize the excitonic processes and include triplet exciton dynamics, which allows an enhanced investigation of OSCs and OLEDs. We outline the developed methods of our generalized kMC framework and give two exemplary studies of electrical and optical properties inside an organic semiconductor.
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14
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Kaiser W, Albes T, Gagliardi A. Charge carrier mobility of disordered organic semiconductors with correlated energetic and spatial disorder. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8897-8908. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic Monte Carlo study of the impact of spatial and energetic disorder on charge mobility, current distribution and transport energy in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Kaiser
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- 80333 Munich
- Germany
| | - Tim Albes
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- 80333 Munich
- Germany
| | - Alessio Gagliardi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- 80333 Munich
- Germany
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15
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Chew AR, Ghosh R, Shang Z, Spano FC, Salleo A. Sequential Doping Reveals the Importance of Amorphous Chain Rigidity in Charge Transport of Semi-Crystalline Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4974-4980. [PMID: 28949140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sequential doping is a promising new doping technique for semicrystalline polymers that has been shown to produce doped films with higher conductivity and more uniform morphology than conventional doping processes, and where the dopant placement in the film can be controlled. As a relatively new technique, however, much work is needed to understand the resulting polymer-dopant interactions upon sequential doping. A combination of infrared spectroscopy and theoretical simulations shows that the dopants selectively placed in the amorphous regions in the film via sequential doping result in highly localized polarons. We find that the presence of dopants within the amorphous regions of the film leads to an increase in conjugation length of the amorphous chains upon doping, increasing film connectivity and hence improving the overall conductivity of the film compared with the conventional doping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel R Chew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Zhengrong Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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16
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Davidson EC, Segalman RA. Thermal Control of Confined Crystallization within P3EHT Block Copolymer Microdomains. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Davidson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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17
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Gali SM, D’Avino G, Aurel P, Han G, Yi Y, Papadopoulos TA, Coropceanu V, Brédas JL, Hadziioannou G, Zannoni C, Muccioli L. Energetic fluctuations in amorphous semiconducting polymers: Impact on charge-carrier mobility. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:134904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manoj Gali
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Gabriele D’Avino
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Aurel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Guangchao Han
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Claudio Zannoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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