1
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Vannoy KJ, Edwards MQ, Renault C, Dick JE. An Electrochemical Perspective on Reaction Acceleration in Microdroplets. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:149-171. [PMID: 38594942 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Analytical techniques operating at the nanoscale introduce confinement as a tool at our disposal. This review delves into the phenomenon of accelerated reactivity within micro- and nanodroplets. A decade of accelerated reactivity observations was succeeded by several years of fundamental studies aimed at mechanistic enlightenment. Herein, we provide a brief historical context for rate enhancement in and around micro- and nanodroplets and summarize the mechanisms that have been proposed to contribute to such extraordinary reactivity. We highlight recent electrochemical reports that make use of restricted mass transfer to enhance electrochemical reactions and/or quantitatively measure reaction rates within droplet-confined electrochemical cells. A comprehensive approach to nanodroplet reactivity is paramount to understanding how nature takes advantage of these systems to provide life on Earth and, in turn, how to harness the full potential of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Vannoy
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
| | | | - Christophe Renault
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- 2Current Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- 3Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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2
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Zhang L, Wahab OJ, Jallow AA, O’Dell ZJ, Pungsrisai T, Sridhar S, Vernon KL, Willets KA, Baker LA. Recent Developments in Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8036-8055. [PMID: 38727715 PMCID: PMC11112546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - O. J. Wahab
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - A. A. Jallow
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Z. J. O’Dell
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - T. Pungsrisai
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - S. Sridhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - K. L. Vernon
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - K. A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - L. A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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3
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Lu SM, Vannoy KJ, Dick JE, Long YT. Multiphase Chemistry under Nanoconfinement: An Electrochemical Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25043-25055. [PMID: 37934860 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Most relevant systems of interest to modern chemists rarely consist of a single phase. Real-world problems that require a rigorous understanding of chemical reactivity in multiple phases include the development of wearable and implantable biosensors, efficient fuel cells, single cell metabolic characterization techniques, and solar energy conversion devices. Within all of these systems, confinement effects at the nanoscale influence the chemical reaction coordinate. Thus, a fundamental understanding of the nanoconfinement effects of chemistry in multiphase environments is paramount. Electrochemistry is inherently a multiphase measurement tool reporting on a charged species traversing a phase boundary. Over the past 50 years, electrochemistry has witnessed astounding growth. Subpicoampere current measurements are routine, as is the study of single molecules and nanoparticles. This Perspective focuses on three nanoelectrochemical techniques to study multiphase chemistry under nanoconfinement: stochastic collision electrochemistry, single nanodroplet electrochemistry, and nanopore electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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4
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Godeffroy L, Shkirskiy V, Noël JM, Lemineur JF, Kanoufi F. Fuelling electrocatalysis at a single nanoparticle by ion flow in a nanoconfined electrolyte layer. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:441-465. [PMID: 37427498 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
We explore the possibility of coupling the transport of ions and water in a nanochannel with the chemical transformation of a reactant at an individual catalytic nanoparticle (NP). Such configuration could be interesting for constructing artificial photosynthesis devices coupling the asymmetric production of ions at the catalytic NP, with the ion selectivity of the nanochannels acting as ion pumps. Herein we propose to observe how such ion pumping can be coupled to an electrochemical reaction operated at the level of an individual electrocatalytic Pt NP. This is achieved by confining a (reservoir) droplet of electrolyte to within a few micrometres away from an electrocatalytic Pt NP on an electrode. While the region of the electrode confined by the reservoir and the NP are cathodically polarised, operando optical microscopy reveals the growth of an electrolyte nanodroplet on top of the NP. This suggests that the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction operates at the NP and that an electrolyte nanochannel is formed - acting as an ion pump - between the reservoir and the NP. We have described here the optically imaged phenomena and their relevance to the characterization of the electrolyte nanochannel linking the NPs to the electrolyte microreservoir. Additionally, we have addressed the capacity of the nanochannel to transport ions and solvent flow to the NP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75013 Paris, France.
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5
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Sundaresan V, Metro J, Cutri AR, Palei M, Mannam V, Oh C, Hoffman AJ, Howard S, Bohn PW. Nanopore-Enabled Dark-Field Digital Sensing of Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12993-12997. [PMID: 37615663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we use nanopore arrays as a platform for detecting and characterizing individual nanoparticles (NPs) in real time. Dark-field imaging of nanopores with dimensions smaller than the wavelength of light occurs under conditions where trans-illumination is blocked, while the scattered light propagates to the far-field, making it possible to identify nanopores. The intensity of scattering increases dramatically during insertion of AgNPs into empty nanopores, owing to their plasmonic properties. Thus, momentary occupation of a nanopore by a AgNP produces intensity transients that can be analyzed to reveal the following characteristics: (1) NP scattering intensity, which scales with the sixth power of the AgNP radius, shows a normal distribution arising from the heterogeneity in NP size, (2) the nanopore residence time of NPs, which was observed to be stochastic with no permselective effects, and (3) the frequency of AgNP capture events on a 21 × 21 nanopore array, which varies linearly with the concentration of the NPs, agreeing with the frequency calculated from theory. The lower limit of detection (LOD) for NPs was 130 fM, indicating that the measurement can be used in applications in which ultrasensitive detection is required. The results presented here provide valuable insights into the dynamics of NP transport into and out of nanopores and highlight the potential of nanopore arrays as powerful, massively parallel tools for nanoparticle characterization and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38655, United States
| | - Jarek Metro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allison R Cutri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Milan Palei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Varun Mannam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Christiana Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony J Hoffman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Scott Howard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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6
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Alanis K, Siwy ZS, Baker LA. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy of Nafion-Modified Nanopores. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 170:066510. [PMID: 38766570 PMCID: PMC11101168 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/acdd29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Single nanopores in silicon nitride membranes are asymmetrically modified with Nafion and investigated with scanning ion conductance microscopy, where Nafion alters local ion concentrations at the nanopore. Effects of applied transmembrane potentials on local ion concentrations are examined, with the Nafion film providing a reservoir of cations in close proximity to the nanopore. Fluidic diodes based on ion concentration polarization are observed in the current-voltage response of the nanopore and in approach curves of SICM nanopipette in the vicinity of the nanopore. Experimental results are supported with finite element method simulations that detail ion depletion and enrichment of the nanopore/Nafion/nanopipette environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Alanis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States of America
| | - Zuzanna S. Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States of America
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States of America
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7
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Yu RJ, Li Q, Liu SC, Ma H, Ying YL, Long YT. Simultaneous observation of the spatial and temporal dynamics of single enzymatic catalysis using a solid-state nanopore. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7261-7266. [PMID: 37038732 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We developed a bipolar SiNx nanopore for the observation of single-molecule heterogeneous enzymatic dynamics. Single glucose oxidase was immobilized inside the nanopore and its electrocatalytic behaviour was real-time monitored via continuous recording of ionic flux amplification. The temporal heterogeneity in enzymatic properties and its spatial dynamic orientations were observed simultaneously, and these two properties were found to be closely correlated. We anticipate that this method offers new perspectives on the correlation of protein structure and function at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Chuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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8
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Experimentally probing ionic solutions in single-digit nanoconfinement. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Hagan JT, Gonzalez A, Shi Y, Han GGD, Dwyer JR. Photoswitchable Binary Nanopore Conductance and Selective Electronic Detection of Single Biomolecules under Wavelength and Voltage Polarity Control. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5537-5544. [PMID: 35286058 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated photoregulated thin-film nanopores by covalently linking azobenzene photoswitches to silicon nitride pores with ∼10 nm diameters. The photoresponsive coatings could be repeatedly optically switched with deterministic ∼6 nm changes to the effective nanopore diameter and of ∼3× to the nanopore ionic conductance. The sensitivity to anionic DNA and a neutral complex carbohydrate biopolymer (maltodextrin) could be photoswitched "on" and "off" with an analyte selectivity set by applied voltage polarity. Photocontrol of nanopore state and mass transport characteristics is important for their use as ionic circuit elements (e.g., resistors and binary bits) and as chemically tuned filters. It expands single-molecule sensing capabilities in personalized medicine, genomics, glycomics, and, augmented by voltage polarity selectivity, especially in multiplexed biopolymer information storage schemes. We demonstrate repeatedly photocontrolled stable nanopore size, polarity, conductance, and sensing selectivity, by illumination wavelength and voltage polarity, with broad utility including single-molecule sensing of biologically and technologically important polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Hagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Yuran Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Jason R Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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10
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Enhanced electrochemiluminescence at silica nanochannel membrane studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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McPherson IJ, Brown P, Meloni GN, Unwin PR. Visualization of Ion Fluxes in Nanopipettes: Detection and Analysis of Electro-osmosis of the Second Kind. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16302-16307. [PMID: 34846865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanopipettes are finding increasing use as nano "test tubes", with reactions triggered through application of an electrochemical potential between electrodes in the nanopipette and a bathing solution (bath). Key to this application is an understanding of how the applied potential induces mixing of the reagents from the nanopipette and the bath. Here, we demonstrate a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) approach to tracking the ingress of dye into a nanopipette (20-50 nm diameter end opening). We examine the case of dianionic fluorescein under alkaline conditions (pH 11) and large applied tip potentials (±10 V), with respect to the bath, and surprisingly find that dye ingress from the bath into the nanopipette is not observed under either sign of potential. Finite element method (FEM) simulations indicate this is due to the dominance of electro-osmosis in mass transport, with electro-osmotic flow in the conventional direction at +10 V and electro-osmosis of the second kind acting in the same direction at -10 V, caused by the formation of significant space charge in the center of the orifice. The results highlight the significant deviation in mass transport behavior that emerges at the nanoscale and the utility of the combined LSCM and FEM approach in deepening understanding, which in turn should promote new applications of nanopipettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel N Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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12
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Suginta W, Sanram S, Aunkham A, Winterhalter M, Schulte A. The C2 entity of chitosugars is crucial in molecular selectivity of the Vibrio campbellii chitoporin. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101350. [PMID: 34715124 PMCID: PMC8608610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine bacterium Vibrio campbellii expresses a chitooligosaccharide-specific outer-membrane channel (chitoporin) for the efficient uptake of nutritional chitosugars that are externally produced through enzymic degradation of environmental host shell chitin. However, the principles behind the distinct substrate selectivity of chitoporins are unclear. Here, we employed black lipid membrane (BLM) electrophysiology, which handles the measurement of the flow of ionic current through porins in phospholipid bilayers for the assessment of porin conductivities, to investigate the pH dependency of chitosugar-chitoporin interactions for the bacterium's natural substrate chitohexaose and its deacetylated form, chitosan hexaose. We show that efficient passage of the N-acetylated chitohexaose through the chitoporin is facilitated by its strong affinity for the pore. In contrast, the deacetylated chitosan hexaose is impermeant; however, protonation of the C2 amino entities of chitosan hexaose allows it to be pulled through the channel in the presence of a transmembrane electric field. We concluded from this the crucial role of C2-substitution as the determining factor for chitoporin entry. A change from N-acetylamino- to amino-substitution effectively abolished the ability of approaching molecules to enter the chitoporin, with deacetylation leading to loss of the distinctive structural features of nanopore opening and pore access of chitosugars. These findings provide further understanding of the multistep pathway of chitin utilization by marine Vibrio bacteria and may guide the development of solid-state or genetically engineered biological nanopores for relevant technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipa Suginta
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand.
| | - Surapoj Sanram
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Aunkham
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Albert Schulte
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand.
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13
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Campos-Ferreira D, Visani V, Córdula C, Nascimento G, Montenegro L, Schindler H, Cavalcanti I. COVID-19 challenges: From SARS-CoV-2 infection to effective point-of-care diagnosis by electrochemical biosensing platforms. Biochem Eng J 2021; 176:108200. [PMID: 34522158 PMCID: PMC8428033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified a new zoonotic virus, SARS-CoV-2, responsible for causing the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Since then, there has been a collaborative trend between the scientific community and industry. Multidisciplinary research networks try to understand the whole SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its relationship with the different grades of severity presented by COVID-19. The scientific community has gathered all the data in the quickly developed vaccines that offer a protective effect for all variants of the virus and promote new diagnostic alternatives able to have a high standard of efficiency, added to shorter response analysis time and portability. The industry enters in the context of accelerating the path taken by science until obtaining the final product. In this review, we show the principal diagnostic methods developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, when we observe the diagnostic tools section of an efficient infection outbreak containment report and the features required for such tools, we could observe a highlight of electrochemical biosensing platforms. Such devices present a high standard of analytical performance, are low-cost tools, easy to handle and interpret, and can be used in the most remote and low-resource regions. Therefore, probably, they are the ideal point-of-care diagnostic tools for pandemic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Campos-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami – LIKA/ UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, CEP: 506070-901 Recife, PE, Brazil,Corresponding author
| | - V. Visani
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami – LIKA/ UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, CEP: 506070-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - C. Córdula
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami – LIKA/ UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, CEP: 506070-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - G.A. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami – LIKA/ UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, CEP: 506070-901 Recife, PE, Brazil,Centro Acadêmico do Agreste - CAA/UFPE, Av. Marielle Franco, s/n - Km 59 - Bairro Nova Caruaru, CEP: 55.014-900 Caruaru, PE, Brazil
| | - L.M.L. Montenegro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Pesquisas Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, CEP: 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - H.C. Schindler
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Pesquisas Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, CEP: 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - I.M.F. Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami – LIKA/ UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, CEP: 506070-901 Recife, PE, Brazil,Centro Acadêmico de Vitória – CAV/UFPE, R. Alto do Reservatório, CEP: 55 612-440 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
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14
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Bang JJ, Han D, Shin J, Chung TD, Bae JH. Selective Enhancement of Electrochemical Signal Based on the Size of Alcohols Using Nanoporous Platinum. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Bang
- Sakti3 Inc. Ann Arbor Michigan 48108 United States
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemistry The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsik Shin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Electrochemistry Laboratory Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyun Bae
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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15
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Wang J, Ying YL, Zhong CB, Zhang LM, Yan F, Long YT. Instrumentational implementation for parallelized nanopore electrochemical measurements. Analyst 2021; 146:4111-4120. [PMID: 34116564 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore electrochemistry, as one of the promising tools for single molecule sensing, has proved its capability in DNA sequencing and protein analysis. To achieve a high resolution for obtaining molecular information, the nanopore electrochemical technique not only urgently requires an appropriate nanopore sensing interface with atomic resolution but also requires advanced instrumentation and its related data processing methods. In order to reveal the fundamental biological process and process the point-of-care diagnosis, it is necessary to use a nanopore sensing instrument with a high amperometric and temporal resolution as well as high throughput. The development of the instrumentation requires multi-disciplinary collaboration involving preparing a sensitive nanopore interface, low-noise circuit design, and intelligent data analysis. In this review, we have summarized the recent improvements in the nanopore sensing interface as well as discussed the higher throughput achieved by nanopore arrays and intelligent nanopore data analysis methods. The parallelized nanopore instrumentation could be popularized to all ranges of single-molecule applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China. and Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Bing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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Fried JP, Swett JL, Nadappuram BP, Mol JA, Edel JB, Ivanov AP, Yates JR. In situ solid-state nanopore fabrication. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4974-4992. [PMID: 33623941 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanopores in solid-state membranes are promising for a wide range of applications including DNA sequencing, ultra-dilute analyte detection, protein analysis, and polymer data storage. Techniques to fabricate solid-state nanopores have typically been time consuming or lacked the resolution to create pores with diameters down to a few nanometres, as required for the above applications. In recent years, several methods to fabricate nanopores in electrolyte environments have been demonstrated. These in situ methods include controlled breakdown (CBD), electrochemical reactions (ECR), laser etching and laser-assisted controlled breakdown (la-CBD). These techniques are democratising solid-state nanopores by providing the ability to fabricate pores with diameters down to a few nanometres (i.e. comparable to the size of many analytes) in a matter of minutes using relatively simple equipment. Here we review these in situ solid-state nanopore fabrication techniques and highlight the challenges and advantages of each method. Furthermore we compare these techniques by their desired application and provide insights into future research directions for in situ nanopore fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper P Fried
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jacob L Swett
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Binoy Paulose Nadappuram
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jan A Mol
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aleksandar P Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James R Yates
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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17
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Li H, Zhang T, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Liu M, Wang C. Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence in a Microwell Bipolar Electrode Array Prepared with an Optical Fiber Bundle. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University No.180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University No.180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University No.180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University No.180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Miaoxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University No.180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Chengyin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University No.180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 China
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18
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Gold Nanoframe Array Electrode for Straightforward Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nanostructuring of a sensing membrane is performed through colloidal nanosphere lithography (NSL) techniques with a tiny polystyrene nanobead template 100 nm in size. The solvent ratio adjustment has been proven to be effective in assisting the monolayer deposition of small templating particles with minimal defects. Two distinct structures, namely, a billowy gold nanostructure (BGN) where the nanobead template is left unetched and a gold nanoframe array (GNA) with a regular ring-like structure after template removal, are used for the extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) electrodes. The GNA structure generates an electroactive surface area significantly (~20%) larger than its geometrical area as well as a greater surface roughness than the BGN. When integrated with the portable constant voltage–constant current (CVCC) FET circuitry for pH screening to determine the optimized measurement conditions for H2O2 sensing, the GNA sensing membrane also shows more improved Nernstian sensitivity at ~50 mV/pH than the BGN electrode. The more optimized sensitivity is then proven using the GNA in the detection of H2O2, the most common representative reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the environment, food, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson´s and Alzheimer´s diseases. The GNA electrode has a sensitivity of 70.42 mV/log µM [H2O2] and a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.183 µM H2O2. The integrated ion sensing system employing unique, highly ordered gold array gate electrodes and a portable CVCC circuit system has shown a stable real-time output voltage signal, representing an alternative to bulky conventional FET devices for potential on-site H2O2 detection.
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19
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Shi T, Hou X, Guo S, Zhang L, Wei C, Peng T, Hu X. Nanohole-boosted electron transport between nanomaterials and bacteria as a concept for nano-bio interactions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:493. [PMID: 33479209 PMCID: PMC7820612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms contribute to bacterial infection and drug resistance and are a serious threat to global human health. Antibacterial nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention, but the inhibition of biofilms remains a major challenge. Herein, we propose a nanohole-boosted electron transport (NBET) antibiofilm concept. Unlike known antibacterial mechanisms (e.g., reactive oxygen species production and cell membrane damage), nanoholes with atomic vacancies and biofilms serve as electronic donors and receptors, respectively, and thus boost the high electron transport capacity between nanomaterials and biofilms. Electron transport effectively destroys the critical components (proteins, intercellularly adhered polysaccharides and extracellular DNA) of biofilms, and the nanoholes also significantly downregulate the expression of genes related to biofilm formation. The anti-infection capacity is thoroughly verified both in vitro (human cells) and in vivo (rat ocular and mouse intestinal infection models), and the nanohole-enabled nanomaterials are found to be highly biocompatible. Importantly, compared with typical antibiotics, nanomaterials are nonresistant and thereby exhibit high potential for use in various applications. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, these findings hold promise for the use of NBET in treatments for pathogenic bacterial infection and antibiotic drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Changhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L. Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
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Abstract
We present the results of acid–base experiments performed at the single ion (H+ or OH−) limit in ∼6 aL volume nanopores incorporating electrochemical zero-mode waveguides (E-ZMWs). At pH 3 each E-ZMW nanopore contains ca. 3600H+ ions, and application of a negative electrochemical potential to the gold working electrode/optical cladding layer reduces H+ to H2, thereby depleting H+ and increasing the local pH within the nanopore. The change in pH was quantified by tracking the intensity of fluorescein, a pH-responsive fluorophore whose intensity increases with pH. This behavior was translated to the single ion limit by changing the initial pH of the electrolyte solution to pH 6, at which the average pore occupancy 〈n〉pore ∼3.6H+/nanopore. Application of an electrochemical potential sufficiently negative to change the local pH to pH 7 reduces the proton nanopore occupancy to 〈n〉pore ∼0.36H+/nanopore, demonstrating that the approach is sensitive to single H+ manipulations, as evidenced by clear potential-dependent changes in fluorescein emission intensity. In addition, at high overpotential, the observed fluorescence intensity exceeded the value predicted from the fluorescence intensity-pH calibration, an observation attributed to the nucleation of H2 nanobubbles as confirmed both by calculations and the behavior of non-pH responsive Alexa 488 fluorophore. Apart from enhancing fundamental understanding, the approach described here opens the door to applications requiring ultrasensitive ion sensing, based on the optical detection of H+ population at the single ion limit. Visualizing dynamic change in the number of protons during electroreduction of protons in attoliter volume zero-mode waveguides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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22
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Fu K, Kwon SR, Han D, Bohn PW. Single Entity Electrochemistry in Nanopore Electrode Arrays: Ion Transport Meets Electron Transfer in Confined Geometries. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:719-728. [PMID: 31990518 PMCID: PMC8020881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements conducted in confined volumes provide a powerful and direct means to address scientific questions at the nexus of nanoscience, biotechnology, and chemical analysis. How are electron transfer and ion transport coupled in confined volumes and how does understanding them require moving beyond macroscopic theories? Also, how do these coupled processes impact electrochemical detection and processing? We address these questions by studying a special type of confined-volume architecture, the nanopore electrode array, or NEA, which is designed to be commensurate in size with physical scaling lengths, such as the Debye length, a concordance that offers performance characteristics not available in larger scale structures.The experiments described here depend critically on carefully constructed nanoscale architectures that can usefully control molecular transport and electrochemical reactivity. We begin by considering the experimental constraints that guide the design and fabrication of zero-dimensional nanopore arrays with multiple embedded electrodes. These zero-dimensional structures are nearly ideal for exploring how permselectivity and unscreened ion migration can be combined to amplify signals and improve selectivity by enabling highly efficient redox cycling. Our studies also highlight the benefits of arrays, in that molecules escaping from a single nanopore are efficiently captured by neighboring pores and returned to the population of active redox species being measured, benefits that arise from coupling ion accumulation and migration. These tools for manipulating redox species are well-positioned to explore single molecule and single particle electron transfer events through spectroelectrochemistry, studies which are enabled by the electrochemical zero-mode waveguide (ZMW), a special hybrid nanophotonic/nanoelectronic architecture in which the lower ring electrode of an NEA nanopore functions both as a working electrode to initiate electron transfer reactions and as the optical cladding layer of a ZMW. While the work described here is largely exploratory and fundamental, we believe that the development of NEAs will enable important applications that emerge directly from the unique coupled transport and electron-transfer capabilities of NEAs, including in situ molecular separation and detection with external stimuli, redox-based electrochemical rectification in individually encapsulated nanopores, and coupled sorters and analyzers for nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94306
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94306
| | - Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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23
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Ying YL, Wang J, Leach AR, Jiang Y, Gao R, Xu C, Edwards MA, Pendergast AD, Ren H, Weatherly CKT, Wang W, Actis P, Mao L, White HS, Long YT. Single-entity electrochemistry at confined sensing interfaces. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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25
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Zhou P, Yao L, Su B. Fabrication, Characterization, and Analytical Application of Silica Nanopore Array-Modified Platinum Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4143-4149. [PMID: 31886640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new approach to fabricate the nanopore array electrode (NAE) by transferring silica nanochannel membrane (SNM) to the surface of Pt electrode (0.5 mm in diameter) sealed by glass capillary (designated as Pt-NAE for simplicity). The SNM is supported via the irreversible covalent-bond formation with the surrounding glass capillary treated by plasma, thus providing long-term stability to Pt-NAE. Meanwhile, this fabrication process does not require pregrafting or premodification of Pt electrode surface, providing well-defined active surface domains. Thanks to the small pore diameter (∼2.3 nm) and negatively charged channel walls, the SNM is permselective and thus the electrochemical behavior of Pt-NAE is dependent on both electrolyte concentration and charge state of redox molecules. The permeability of SNM was determined by the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curve measurements coupled with finite-element simulations from a quantitative viewpoint. The permeability of anionic Ru(CN)64- was varied from 150 to 10.3 μm s-1 as the electrolyte concentration decreased from 1.0 to 0.01 M, while there is no obvious change for cationic Ru(NH3)63+. Finally, the as-prepared Pt-NAE is able to continuously monitor dissolved oxygen for up to 2 h in a solution containing biofouling reagents, exhibiting an enhanced antifouling ability and therefore excellent current stability. We believe the NAE with unique mass transport properties can be extended further for other analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Lina Yao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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26
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Wu X, Li M, Ying Y, Long Y. The Effects of Tetramethylammonium Cation on Oligonucleotide Analysis with Aerolysin Nanopore. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Yuan Wu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Meng‐Yin Li
- School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Yi‐Lun Ying
- School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China 163 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yi‐Tao Long
- School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China 163 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
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27
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28
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Singh DK, Chakraborty S, Dhiman S, Sampath S, George SJ, Eswaramoorthy M. Nanoscale Engineering of Graphene‐Viologen Based 3D Covalent Organic Polymer Interfaces Leading to Efficient Charge‐Transfer for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kumar Singh
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Soumita Chakraborty
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Shikha Dhiman
- New Chemistry Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry DepartmentIndian Institute of Science (IISc), C.V. Raman Road Bengaluru 560010 India
| | - Subi J. George
- New Chemistry Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 India
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29
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Ismail A, Voci S, Pham P, Leroy L, Maziz A, Descamps L, Kuhn A, Mailley P, Livache T, Buhot A, Leichlé T, Bouchet-Spinelli A, Sojic N. Enhanced Bipolar Electrochemistry at Solid-State Micropores: Demonstration by Wireless Electrochemiluminescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8900-8907. [PMID: 31241899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is a powerful method based on the wireless polarization of a conductive object that induces the asymmetric electroactivity at its two extremities. A key physical limitation of BPE is the size of the conductive object because the shorter the object, the larger is the potential necessary for sufficient polarization. Micrometric and nanometric objects are thus extremely difficult to address by BPE due to the very high potentials required, in the order of tens of kV or more. Herein, the synergetic actions of BPE and of planar micropores integrated in a microfluidic device lead to the spatial confinement of the potential drop at the level of the solid-state micropore, and thus to a locally enhanced polarization of a bipolar electrode. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is emitted in half of the electroactive micropore and reveals the asymmetric polarization in this spatial restriction. Micrometric deoxidized silicon electrodes located in the micropore are polarized at a very low potential (7 V), which is more than 2 orders of magnitude lower compared to the classic bipolar configurations. This behavior is intrinsically associated with the unique properties of the micropores, where the sharp potential drop is focused. The presented approach offers exciting perspectives for BPE of micro/nano-objects, such as dynamic BPE with objects passing through the pores or wireless ECL-emitting micropores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Ismail
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Silvia Voci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM,UMR 5255 , F-33400 , Talence , France
| | | | - Loïc Leroy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Ali Maziz
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse , 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Lucie Descamps
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM,UMR 5255 , F-33400 , Talence , France
| | | | - Thierry Livache
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | | | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM,UMR 5255 , F-33400 , Talence , France
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Xiong J, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Mass Spectrometry for Investigating the Effects of Toxic Metals on Nucleic Acid Modifications. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:808-819. [PMID: 30920205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of toxic metals in industry and agriculture leads to their wide distribution in the environment, which raises critical concerns over their toxic effects on human health. Many toxic metals are reported to be mildly mutagenic or non-mutagenic, indicating that genetic-based mechanisms may not be primarily responsible for toxic metal-induced carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that exposure to toxic metals can alter epigenetic modifications, which may lead to the dysregulation of gene expression and disease susceptibility. It is now becoming clear that a full understanding of the effects of toxic metals on cellular toxicity and carcinogenesis will need to consider both genetic- and epigenetic-based mechanisms. Uncovering the effects of toxic metals on epigenetic modifications in nucleic acids relies on the detection and quantification of these modifications. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for deciphering epigenetic modifications have substantially advanced over the past decade, and they are now becoming widely used and essential tools for evaluating the effects of toxic metals on nucleic acid modifications. This Review provides an overview of MS-based methods for analysis of nucleic acid modifications. In addition, we also review recent advances in understanding the effects of exposure to toxic metals on nucleic acid modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
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31
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Kim JY, Han D, Crouch GM, Kwon SR, Bohn PW. Capture of Single Silver Nanoparticles in Nanopore Arrays Detected by Simultaneous Amperometry and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4568-4576. [PMID: 30860812 PMCID: PMC8083125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The attoliter volumes and confinement abilities of zero-dimensional nanopore-electrode arrays (NEAs) hold considerable promise for examining the behavior of single nanoparticles. In this work, we use surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in tandem with amperometry in order to monitor single Ag Raman-sentinel nanoparticles transported to and captured in single nanopores. To that end, highly ordered solid-state NEAs were fabricated to contain periodic arrays of nanopores, each housing a single recessed Au-ring electrode. These were used to electrostatically capture and trap single silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with the electrochemically stable Raman reporter, 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene (bis-MSB). Transport and capture of the bis-MSB-tagged AgNPs in the nanopores was followed by simultaneous amperometry and SERS signals characteristic of AgNP oxidation and enhanced Raman scattering by bis-MSB at silver-gold hot spots, respectively. The frequency and magnitude of oxidation-current spikes increased with stepwise increases in DC voltage, and characteristic bis-MSB SERS spectra were observed. Under AC excitation, on the other hand, two distinctly different types of SERS signals were observed, independent of frequency and amplitude: (1) strong, transient (<10 s) spectra and (2) slow (>100 s) monotonically diminishing spectra. We hypothesize that the former behavior results from AgNP aggregates, whereas the latter occurs as a result of multiple incomplete AgNP-oxidation events in succession. These results show that attoliter-volume NEAs are competent for acquiring concurrent SERS spectra and for amperometry of single nanoparticles and that together these measurements can illuminate the collision dynamics of nanoparticles in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Garrison M. Crouch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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32
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Karawdeniya BI, Bandara YMNDY, Nichols JW, Chevalier RB, Hagan JT, Dwyer JR. Challenging Nanopores with Analyte Scope and Environment. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-019-00092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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34
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Fu K, Han D, Kwon SR, Bohn PW. Asymmetric Nafion-Coated Nanopore Electrode Arrays as Redox-Cycling-Based Electrochemical Diodes. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9177-9185. [PMID: 30080388 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the functioning of cellular ion channels, pore-based structures with nanoscale openings have been fabricated and integrated into ionic circuits, for example, ionic diodes and transistors, for signal processing and detection. In these systems, the nonlinear current responses arise either because asymmetric nanopore geometries break the symmetry of the ion distribution, creating unequal surface charge across the nanopore, or by coupling unidirectional electron transfer within a nanopore electrode. Here we develop a high-performance redox-cycling-based electrochemical diode by coating an asymmetric ion-exchange membrane, that is, Nafion, on the top surface of a nanopore electrode array (Nafion@NEA), in which each pore in the array exhibits one or more annular electrodes. Nafion@NEAs exhibit highly sensitive and charge-selective electroanalytical measurements due to efficient redox-cycling reaction, the permselectivity of Nafion, and the strong confinement of redox species in the nanopore array. In addition, the top electrode of dual-electrode Nafion@NEAs can serve as a voltage-controlled switch to gate ion transport within the nanopore. Thus Nafion@NEAs can be operated as a diode by switching voltages applied to the top and bottom electrodes of the NEA, leading to a large rectification ratio, fast response times, and simplified circuitry without the need for external electrodes. By taking advantage of closely spaced and individually addressable electrodes, the redox-cycling electrochemical diode has the potential for application to large-scale production and electrochemically controlled circuit operations, which go well beyond conventional electronic diodes or transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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