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Puglisi R, Santonocito R, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Smart Sensing of Nerve Agents. Chempluschem 2024:e202400098. [PMID: 38647287 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The recent international scenario highlights the importance to protect human health and environmental quality from toxic compounds. In this context, organophosphorous (OP) Nerve Agents (NAs) have received particular attention, due to their use in terrorist attacks. Classical instrumental detection techniques are sensitive and selective, but they cannot be used in real field due to the high cost, specialized personnel requested and huge size. For these reasons, the development of practical, easy and fast detection methods (smart methods) is the future of this field. Indeed, starting from initial sensing research, based on optical and/or electrical sensors, today the development and use of smart strategies to detect NAs is the current state of the art. This review summarizes the smart strategies to detect NAs, highlighting some important parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection and selectivity. Furthermore, some critical comments of the future on this field, and in particular, the problems to be solved before a real application of these methods, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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2
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Fan S, Loch AS, Vongsanga K, Dennison GH, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Differentiating Between V- and G-Series Nerve Agent and Simulant Vapours Using Fluorescent Film Responses. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2301048. [PMID: 37932024 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In-field rapid and reliable identification of nerve agents is critical for the protection of Defence and National Security personnel as well as communities. Fluorescence-based detectors can be portable and provide rapid detection of chemical threats. However, most current approaches cannot differentiate between dilute vapors of nerve agent classes and are susceptible to false positives due to the presence of common acids. Here a fluorescence-based method is shown for rapid differentiation between the V-series and phosphonofluoridate G-series nerve agents and avoids false positives due to common acids. Differentiation is achieved through harnessing two different mechanisms. Detection of the V-series is achieved using photoinduced hole transfer whereby the fluorescence of the sensing material is quenched in the presence of the V-series agent. The G-series is detected using a turn-on mechanism in which a silylated excited state intramolecular proton transfer sensing molecule is selectively deprotected by hydrogen fluoride, which is typically found as a contaminant and/or breakdown product in G-series agents such as sarin. The strategy provided discrimination between classes, as the sensor for the G-series agent class is insensitive to the V-series agent, and vice versa, and neither responded to common acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Fan
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alex S Loch
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kylie Vongsanga
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
- Electro Optic Sensing and Electromagnetic Warfare, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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3
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Puglisi R, Santonocito R, Butera E, Mendola GL, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Supramolecular Detection of a Sub-ppm Nerve Agent Simulant by a Smartphone Tool. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38038-38044. [PMID: 37867699 PMCID: PMC10586250 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of smartphones and related tools is extending their applications in several fields. Herein, we report a reusable smartphone coupled portable detection system for the sensing of sub-ppm level of a nerve agent mimic (dimethylmethylphosphonate) in the gas phase. The detection system is based on multiple hydrogen-bond interactions of the vapor analyte with an ad-hoc functionalized Bodipy chromophore scaffold. The multitopic approach used for the molecular recognition of DMMP leads to the highest binding constant values, high selectivity, and low limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Ester Butera
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenza Mendola
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
- INSTM
Udr of Catania, Viale
Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
- INSTM
Udr of Catania, Viale
Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
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4
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Klemm B, Roshanasan A, Piergentili I, van Esch JH, Eelkema R. Naked-Eye Thiol Analyte Detection via Self-Propagating, Amplified Reaction Cycle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21222-21230. [PMID: 37748772 PMCID: PMC10557148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach for detecting thiol analytes through a self-propagating amplification cycle that triggers the macroscopic degradation of a hydrogel scaffold. The amplification system consists of an allylic phosphonium salt that upon reaction with the thiol analyte releases a phosphine, which reduces a disulfide to form two thiols, closing the cycle and ultimately resulting in exponential amplification of the thiol input. When integrated in a disulfide cross-linked hydrogel, the amplification process leads to physical degradation of the hydrogel in response to thiol analytes. We developed a numerical model to predict the behavior of the amplification cycle in response to varying concentrations of thiol triggers and validated it with experimental data. Using this system, we were able to detect multiple thiol analytes, including a small molecule probe, glutathione, DNA, and a protein, at concentrations ranging from 132 to 0.132 μM. In addition, we discovered that the self-propagating amplification cycle could be initiated by force-generated molecular scission, enabling damage-triggered hydrogel destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klemm
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ardeshir Roshanasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Piergentili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Esch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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5
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Meng WQ, Sedgwick AC, Kwon N, Sun M, Xiao K, He XP, Anslyn EV, James TD, Yoon J. Fluorescent probes for the detection of chemical warfare agents. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:601-662. [PMID: 36149439 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00650b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are toxic chemicals that have been intentionally developed for targeted and deadly use on humans. Although intended for military targets, the use of CWAs more often than not results in mass civilian casualties. To prevent further atrocities from occurring during conflicts, a global ban was implemented through the chemical weapons convention, with the aim of eliminating the development, stockpiling, and use of CWAs. Unfortunately, because of their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture and effectiveness on mass populations, CWAs still exist in today's world. CWAs have been used in several recent terrorist-related incidents and conflicts (e.g., Syria). Therefore, they continue to remain serious threats to public health and safety and to global peace and stability. Analytical methods that can accurately detect CWAs are essential to global security measures and for forensic analysis. Small molecule fluorescent probes have emerged as attractive chemical tools for CWA detection, due to their simplicity, ease of use, excellent selectivity and high sensitivity, as well as their ability to be translated into handheld devices. This includes the ability to non-invasively image CWA distribution within living systems (in vitro and in vivo) to permit in-depth evaluation of their biological interactions and allow potential identification of therapeutic countermeasures. In this review, we provide an overview of the various reported fluorescent probes that have been designed for the detection of CWAs. The mechanism for CWA detection, change in optical output and application for each fluorescent probe are described in detail. The limitations and challenges of currently developed fluorescent probes are discussed providing insight into the future development of this research area. We hope the information provided in this review will give readers a clear understanding of how to design a fluorescent probe for the detection of a specific CWA. We anticipate that this will advance our security systems and provide new tools for environmental and toxicology monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Meng
- Department of Protective Medicine Against Chemical Agents, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangying Rd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
| | - Mingxue Sun
- Department of Protective Medicine Against Chemical Agents, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangying Rd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Protective Medicine Against Chemical Agents, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangying Rd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China. .,The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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Kumar V, Kim H, Pandey B, James TD, Yoon J, Anslyn EV. Recent advances in fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents: a legacy of the 21st century. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:663-704. [PMID: 36546880 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are among the most prominent threats to the human population, our peace, and social stability. Therefore, their detection and quantification are of utmost importance to ensure the security and protection of mankind. In recent years, significant developments have been made in supramolecular chemistry, analytical chemistry, and molecular sensors, which have improved our capability to detect CWAs. Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors are attractive tools that allow the selective, sensitive, cheap, portable, and real-time analysis of the potential presence of CWAs, where suitable combinations of selective recognition and transduction can be integrated. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion on recently reported molecular sensors with a specific focus on the sensing of each class of CWAs such as nerve agents, blister agents, blood agents, and other toxicants. We will also discuss the current technology used by military forces, and these discussions will include the type of instrumentation and established protocols. Finally, we will conclude this review with our outlook on the limitations and challenges in the area and summarize the potential of promising avenues for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Process and Technology Development Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
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7
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Xia S, Pan J, Dai D, Dai Z, Yang M, Yi C. Design of portable electrochemiluminescence sensing systems for point-of-care-testing applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zhu B, Sheng R, Chen T, Rodrigues J, Song QH, Hu X, Zeng L. Molecular engineered optical probes for chemical warfare agents and their mimics: Advances, challenges and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Molecular engineered optical probes for chemical warfare agents and their mimics: Advances, challenges and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201168. [PMID: 35447003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur has been important in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) since the beginning of the field. Mainly as part of disulfides and thioesters, dynamic sulfur-based bonds (DSBs) have a leading role in several remarkable reactions. Part of this success is due to the almost ideal properties of DSBs for the preparation of dynamic covalent systems, including high reactivity and good reversibility under mild aqueous conditions, the possibility of exploiting supramolecular interactions, access to isolable structures, and easy experimental control to turn the reaction on/off. DCC is currently witnessing an increase in the importance of DSBs. The chemical flexibility offered by DSBs opens the door to multiple applications. This Review presents an overview of all the DSBs used in DCC, their applications, and remarks on the interesting properties that they confer on dynamic chemical systems, especially those containing several DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gastón Orrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
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11
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Wang X, Wang X, Feng R, Fu T, Zhang J, Sun X. Recent advances of chemosensors for nerve agents. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200284. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi\'an Campus: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi\'an Campus: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Rong Feng
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Tao Fu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fourth Military Medical University: Air Force Medical University Institute of Preventive medicine CHINA
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of life science and technology 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049 XiAn CHINA
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12
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Gastón Orrillo
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
| | - Ricardo L. E. Furlan
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
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13
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The LEGO® brick road to open science and biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1073-1087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Wu T, Feng X, Sun X. Chemically triggered soft material macroscopic degradation and fluorescence detection using self-propagating thiol-initiated cascades. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present a new approach for thiol detection through chemically triggered polymeric macroscopic degradation using self-propagating cascades, coupled with photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xing Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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15
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Gavriel A, Sambrook M, Russell AT, Hayes W. Recent advances in self-immolative linkers and their applications in polymeric reporting systems. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interest in self-immolative chemistry has grown over the past decade with more research groups harnessing the versatility to control the release of a compound from a larger chemical entity, given...
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16
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Feng X, Wu T, Sun X, Qian X. "Indanonalkene" Photoluminescence Platform: Application in Real-Time Tracking the Synthesis, Remodeling, and Degradation of Soft Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21622-21629. [PMID: 34905350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this Article, we present a strategy to visually track chemically triggered covalent bonding processes in gelation, remodeling, and degradation of soft materials, i.e., hydrogels, based on a new photoluminescence platform. Initially in the development of photoluminophors named "indanonalkenes", turn-on emission can be tracked and quantified in the optical reaction between a conjugate acceptor and amine derivatives. On this basis, fluorescence enhancement and mechanical changes were recorded during the gelation process through amine-thiol exchanges under organic and aqueous conditions. Next in macromolecular remodeling, we realized a stimulus-induced transformation of one architecture into another one, exploiting the orthogonality of chemical covalent bonding that could be visualized using luminescence. Furthermore, the hydrogel network can be degraded to release the coupling partner induced by ethylene diamine, and the process can be monitored using fluorescence changes and quantified through gel permeation chromatography, while the released components can be utilized again to regenerate a new hydrogel. In addition, the photographic images provide alternatives to fluorescence spectra and can be digitally processed to quantify the macroscopic changes, resulting in a photographic imaging approach. The real-time observation and quantification of chemically triggered polymeric formation, morphology, and degradation through luminescence in spatial and time scales herald a new generation of "smart" materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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17
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Kumar V. Chromo-fluorogenic sensors for chemical warfare agents in real-time analysis: journey towards accurate detection and differentiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3430-3444. [PMID: 33725077 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The existence of chemical weapons (blister and nerve agents) is an unfortunate reality of the modern world. The usage of these chemical agents by rogue states or terrorist groups has showcased their ugly faces in the past and even in recent years. Despite extensive and strenuous efforts by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to eliminate chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by the prohibition of their production and the destruction of their stockpiles, many countries still possess them in enormous quantities. Given the potential threat from these lethal agents, it is imperative to have a foolproof chemical sensor and detection system, which should consist of readily deployable chemical probes that can operate with high specificity and sensitivity. Over the last decade, our group has been engaged in designing and developing novel field-deployable sensing techniques by exploring approaches based on supramolecular tools, which can result in excellent specificity, sensitivity, high speed, portability and low cost. In this article, I describe our group's journey and success stories in the development of chemical warfare detection protocols, detailing the range of unique chemical probes and methods explored to achieve the specific detection of individual agents under real environmental conditions. It is interesting to note that the combination of three molecular probes (SQ, Fc and LH2) could simply achieve the detection of all CWAs at room temperature in one go without the need for nonportable and expensive instruments. The ease and generality of these techniques/methods suggest great promise for the highly specific chemical sensing of almost the entire class of CWAs. In this paper, a brief introduction is first provided to present the basic chemistry related to CWAs and the importance of supramolecular chemistry in the design of new protocols with new insights. The manipulation of molecular probes is then debated towards the development of a system for the chromo-fluorogenic sensing of CWAs without interference from most relevant analytes. Finally, the outlook of open challenges and the future developments of this rapidly evolving field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Process and Technology Development Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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18
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Buntasana S, Seankongsuk P, Vilaivan T, Padungros P. Household Ozone Disinfector as An Alternative Ozone Generator for Ozonolysis of Alkenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supanat Buntasana
- Green Chemistry for Fine Chemical Productions STAR Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pattarakiat Seankongsuk
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Panuwat Padungros
- Green Chemistry for Fine Chemical Productions STAR Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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19
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Zhang Z, Hamedpour V, Lyu X, Sasaki Y, Minami T. A Printed Paper-Based Anion Sensor Array for Multi-Analyte Classification: On-Site Quantification of Glyphosate. Chempluschem 2021; 86:798-802. [PMID: 33788401 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a paper-based chemosensor array device (PCSAD) for the quantitative detection of oxyanions including the herbicide glyphosate (GlyP) in aqueous media. The mechanism of the oxyanion detection relies on a coordination-binding-based sensor array. In this study, the competitive coordination binding among Zn2+ , four catechol dyes, and seven oxyanions caused noticeable colour changes. The colour changes were employed for qualitative and quantitative analyses using an in-house automated image-processing algorithm with pattern recognition for digital images. A linear discrimination analysis discerned similarly structured oxyanions with 100 % accuracy. The regression analysis allowed the accurate quantification of GlyP in the herbicide products with a limit of detection of 16 mg/L, which is lower than the health advisory value for children (20 mg/L) stipulated by the environmental protection agency (EPA). PCSAD is a powerful sensor device for the on-site quantification of aqueous anions for environmental assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vahid Hamedpour
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaojun Lyu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Fadler RE, Al Ouahabi A, Qiao B, Carta V, König NF, Gao X, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Lutz JF, Flood AH. Chain Entropy Beats Hydrogen Bonds to Unfold and Thread Dialcohol Phosphates inside Cyanostar Macrocycles To Form [3]Pseudorotaxanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4532-4546. [PMID: 33636075 PMCID: PMC8063573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of substituted phosphates underpins many processes including DNA binding, enantioselective catalysis, and recently template-directed rotaxane synthesis. Beyond ATP and a few commercial substrates, however, little is known about how substituents effect organophosphate recognition. Here, we examined alcohol substituents and their impact on recognition by cyanostar macrocycles. The organophosphates were disubstituted by alcohols of various chain lengths, dipropanol, dihexanol, and didecanol phosphate, each accessed using modular solid-phases syntheses. Based on the known size-selective binding of phosphates by π-stacked dimers of cyanostars, threaded [3]pseudorotaxanes were anticipated. While seen with butyl substituents, pseudorotaxane formation was disrupted by competitive OH···O- hydrogen bonding between both terminal hydroxyls and the anionic phosphate unit. Crystallography also showed formation of a backfolded propanol conformation resulting in an 8-membered ring and a perched cyanostar assembly. Motivated by established entropic penalties accompanying ring formation, we reinstated [3]pseudorotaxanes by extending the size of the substituent to hexanol and decanol. Chain entropy overcomes the enthalpically favored OH···O- contacts to favor random-coil conformations required for seamless, high-fidelity threading of dihexanol and didecanol phosphates inside cyanostars. These studies highlight how chain length and functional groups on phosphate's substituents can be powerful design tools to regulate binding and control assembly formation during phosphate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Fadler
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Niklas F König
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yankai Zhang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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21
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Liu ZG, Xiao M, Yang RZ, Zhou QQ, Ye HF, Yi CQ. Multiplexed Detection of Fe3+, Cobalamin and Folate Using Fluorescent Nanoprobe-Based Microarrays and a Smartphone. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Tan J, Hu J, Liu S. Designing self-propagating polymers with ultrasensitivity through feedback signal amplification. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers with self-propagating degradation capacity being sensitive to acids, bases, fluoride ions, and hydrogen peroxide are reviewed, exhibiting self-accelerated degradation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Tan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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24
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Lyu X, Hamedpour V, Sasaki Y, Zhang Z, Minami T. 96-Well Microtiter Plate Made of Paper: A Printed Chemosensor Array for Quantitative Detection of Saccharides. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1179-1184. [PMID: 33320543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, and accurate detection methods for saccharides are potentially applicable to various fields such as clinical and food chemistry. However, the practical applications of on-site analytical methods are still limited. To this end, herein, we propose a 96-well microtiter plate made of paper as a paper-based chemosensor array device (PCSAD) for the simultaneous classification of 12 saccharides and the quantification of fructose and glucose among 12 saccharides. The mechanism of the saccharide detection relied on an indicator displacement assay (IDA) on the PCSAD using four types of catechol dyes, 3-nitrophenylboronic acid, and the saccharides. The design of the PCSAD and the experimental conditions for the IDA were optimized using a central composite design. The chemosensors exhibited clear color changes upon the addition of saccharides on the paper because of the competitive boronate esterification. The color changes were employed for the subsequent qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative analyses using an automated algorithm combined with pattern recognition for digital images. A qualitative linear discrimination analysis offered discrimination of 12 saccharides with a 100% classification rate. The semiquantitative analysis of fructose in the presence of glucose was carried out from the viewpoint of food analysis utilizing a support vector machine, resulting in clear discrimination of the various concentrations of fructose. Most importantly, the quantitative detection of fructose in two types of commercial soft drinks was also successfully carried out without sample pretreatments. Thus, the proposed PCSAD can be a powerful method for on-site food analyses that can meet the increasing demand from consumers for sensors of saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Lyu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Vahid Hamedpour
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Zhoujie Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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25
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Redy Keisar O, Pevzner A, Baheti A, Vigalok A, Ashkenazi N. Selective detection of chemical warfare agents VX and Sarin by the short wavelength inner filter technique (SWIFT). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15040-15043. [PMID: 33196072 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel SWIFT-based strategy for fluorimetric detection of practical amounts (minimal effective dose or lower) of chemical warfare agents is reported. This strategy employs readily available reagents and allows distinguishing between the V and G agents, as well as their discrimination from potential interferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Redy Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, IIBR-Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
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26
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A general strategy to quantify analytes through fluorescence chromaticity and luminosity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Sun X, Chwatko M, Lee DH, Bachman JL, Reuther JF, Lynd NA, Anslyn EV. Chemically Triggered Synthesis, Remodeling, and Degradation of Soft Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3913-3922. [PMID: 32011873 PMCID: PMC8574170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymer topology dictates dynamic and mechanical properties of materials. For most polymers, topology is a static characteristic. In this article, we present a strategy to chemically trigger dynamic topology changes in polymers in response to a specific chemical stimulus. Starting with a dimerized PEG and hydrophobic linear materials, a lightly cross-linked polymer, and a cross-linked hydrogel, transformations into an amphiphilic linear polymer, lightly cross-linked and linear random copolymers, a cross-linked polymer, and three different hydrogel matrices were achieved via two controllable cross-linking reactions: reversible conjugate additions and thiol-disulfide exchange. Significantly, all the polymers, before or after topological changes, can be triggered to degrade into thiol- or amine-terminated small molecules. The controllable transformations of polymeric morphologies and their degradation herald a new generation of smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Malgorzata Chwatko
- Department of Chemistry/McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Doo-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry/McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - James L Bachman
- Department of Chemistry/McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - James F Reuther
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , Massachusetts 01854 , United States
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- Department of Chemistry/McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry/McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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28
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Acton AL, Leroux F, Feula A, Melia K, Sambrook MR, Hayes W, Russell AT. Self-immolative systems for the disclosure of reactive electrophilic alkylating agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5219-5222. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and assessment of the first examples of self-immolative systems triggered by reactive non-acidic electrophilic agents such as alkyl or benzylic halides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Feula
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Kelly Melia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Mark R. Sambrook
- CBR Division
- Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (Dstl)
- Salisbury
- UK
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
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