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Fan J, Arrazolo LK, Du J, Xu H, Fang S, Liu Y, Wu Z, Kim JH, Wu X. Effects of Ionic Interferents on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction: Mechanistic Insight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38954631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate, a prevalent water pollutant, poses substantial public health concerns and environmental risks. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate (eNO3RR) has emerged as an effective alternative to conventional biological treatments. While extensive lab work has focused on designing efficient electrocatalysts, implementation of eNO3RR in practical wastewater settings requires careful consideration of the effects of various constituents in real wastewater. In this critical review, we examine the interference of ionic species commonly encountered in electrocatalytic systems and universally present in wastewater, such as halogen ions, alkali metal cations, and other divalent/trivalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-/CO32-, SO42-, and PO43-). Notably, we categorize and discuss the interfering mechanisms into four groups: (1) loss of active catalytic sites caused by competitive adsorption and precipitation, (2) electrostatic interactions in the electric double layer (EDL), including ion pairs and the shielding effect, (3) effects on the selectivity of N intermediates and final products (N2 or NH3), and (4) complications by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and localized pH on the cathode surface. Finally, we summarize the competition among different mechanisms and propose future directions for a deeper mechanistic understanding of ionic impacts on eNO3RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Fan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Leslie K Arrazolo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jiaxin Du
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Fang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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2
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Brown SJ, Ryan TM, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL, Han Q. Lysozyme aggregation and unfolding in ionic liquid solvents: Insights from small angle X-ray scattering and high throughput screening. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:133-144. [PMID: 37931553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein behaviour is crucial for developing functional solvent systems. Ionic liquids (ILs) are designer salts with versatile ion combinations, where some suppress unfavourable protein behaviour. This work utilizes small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate the size and shape changes of model protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in 137 IL and salt solutions. Guinier, Kratky, and pair distance distribution analysis were used to evaluate the protein size, shape, and aggregation changes in these solvents. At low IL and salt concentration (1 mol%), HEWL remained monodispersed and globular. Most ILs increased HEWL size compared to buffer, while the nitrate and mesylate anions induced the most significant size increases. IL cation branching, hydroxyl groups, and longer alkyl chains counteracted this size increase. Common salts exhibited specific ion effects, while the IL effect varied with concentration due to complex ion-pairing. Protein aggregation and unfolding occurred at 10 mol% IL, altering the protein shape, especially for ILs with multiple alkyl chains on the cation, or with a mesylate/nitrate anion. This study highlights the usefulness of adopting a high-throughput SAXS strategy for understanding IL effects on protein behaviour and provides insights on controlling protein aggregation and unfolding with ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Brown
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- SAXS/WAXS Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Qi Han
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Kumar A, Craig VSJ, Robertson H, Page AJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ, Mitchell VD, Andersson GG. Specific Ion Effects at the Vapor-Formamide Interface: A Reverse Hofmeister Series in Ion Concentration Depth Profiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12618-12626. [PMID: 37642667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Employing neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (NICISS), we have directly measured the concentration depth profiles (CDPs) of various monovalent ions at the vapor-formamide interface. NICISS provides CDPs of individual ions by measuring the energy loss of neutral helium atoms backscattered from the solution interface. CDPs at the vapor-formamide interface of Cl-, Br-, I-, Na+, K+, and Cs+ are measured and compared to elucidate the interfacial specific ion trends. We report a reverse Hofmeister series in the presence of inorganic ions (anion and cation) at the vapor-formamide interface relative to the water-vapor interface, and the CDPs are found to be independent of the counterion for most ions studied. Thus, ions at the surface of formamide follow a "Hofmeister paradigm" where the counterion does not impact the ion series. These specific ion trends are complemented with surface tension and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements on formamide electrolyte solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hayden Robertson
- College of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- College of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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4
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Walkowiak JJ, Nikam R, Ballauff M. Adsorption of Mono- and Divalent Ions onto Dendritic Polyglycerol Sulfate (dPGS) as Studied Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2792. [PMID: 37447437 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective charge of highly charged polyelectrolytes is significantly lowered by a condensation of counterions. This effect is more pronounced for divalent ions. Here we present a study of the counterion condensation to dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) that consists of a hydrophilic dendritic scaffold onto which sulfate groups are appended. The interactions between the dPGS and divalent ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+) were analyzed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and showed no ion specificity upon binding, but clear competition between the monovalent and divalent ions. Our findings, in line with the latest theoretical studies, demonstrate that a large fraction of the monovalent ions is sequentially replaced with the divalent ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek J Walkowiak
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Nikam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Taktstraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Bourke T, Gregory KP, Page AJ. Hofmeister effects influence bulk nanostructure in a protic ionic liquid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:420-428. [PMID: 37156150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The origins and behaviour of specific ion effects have been studied in water for more than a century, and more recently in nonaqueous molecular solvents. However, the impacts of specific ion effects on more complex solvents such as nanostructured ionic liquids remains unclear. Here, we hypothesise that the influence of dissolved ions on the hydrogen bonding in the nanostructured ionic liquid propylammonium nitrate (PAN) constitutes a specific ion effect. EXPERIMENTS We performed molecular dynamics simulations of bulk PAN and 1-50 mol% PAN-PAX (X = halide anions F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) and PAN-YNO3 (Y = alkali metal cations, Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+) solutions to investigate how monovalent salts influence the bulk nanostructure in PAN. FINDINGS The key structural characteristic in PAN is a well-defined hydrogen bond network formed within the polar and non-polar domains in its nanostructure. We show that dissolved alkali metal cations and halide anions have significant and unique influences on the strength of this network. Cations (Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+) consistently promote hydrogen bonding in the PAN polar domain. Conversely, the influence of halide anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) is ion specific; while F- disrupts PAN hydrogen bonding, I- promotes it. The manipulation of PAN hydrogen bonding therefore constitutes a specific ion effect - i.e. a physicochemical phenomena caused by the presence of dissolved ions, which are dependent on these ions' identity. We analyse these results using a recently proposed predictor of specific ion effects developed for molecular solvents, and show that it is also capable of rationalising specific ion effects in the more complex solvent environment of an ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourke
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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6
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Miranda-Quintana RA, Chen L, Craig VSJ, Smiatek J. Quantitative Solvation Energies from Gas-Phase Calculations: First-Principles Charge Transfer and Perturbation Approaches. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2546-2551. [PMID: 36917810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a first-principles approach for the calculation of solvation energies and enthalpies with respect to different ion pair combinations in various solvents. The method relies on the conceptual density functional theory (DFT) of solvation, from which detailed expressions for the solvation energies can be derived. In addition to fast and straightforward gas phase calculations, we also study the influence of modified chemical reactivity descriptors in terms of electronic perturbations. The corresponding phenomenological changes in molecular energy levels can be interpreted as the influence of continuum solvents. Our approach shows that the introduction of these modified expressions is essential for a quantitative agreement between the calculated and the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Lexin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Shumilin I, Harries D. Enhanced solubilization in multi-component mixtures: mechanism of synergistic amplification of cyclodextrin solubility by urea and inorganic salts. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Zhang J, Hua Z, Liu G. Effect of Counterion-Mediated Hydrogen Bonding on Polyelectrolytes at the Solid/Water Interface: Current Understanding and Perspectives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2881-2889. [PMID: 36780613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The counterion-mediated hydrogen bonding (CMHB) effect can be generated in polyelectrolyte systems when hydrogen bonds are formed between the bound counterions and polyelectrolyte chains. This Perspective mainly discusses the effect of CMHB on polyelectrolytes at the solid/water interface. The CMHB effect generated by the hydroxide (OH-) or hydronium (H3O+) counterions gives rise to a pH responsiveness of strong polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) whose strength can be modulated by the external salt concentration. Further studies have shown that the CMHB effect on SPBs can be extended beyond the OH- and H3O+ counterions and that the CMHB effect can be observed in the systems of weak polyelectrolyte brushes (WPBs) and polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). Based on the understanding of the mechanisms of the CMHB effect on polyelectrolytes at the solid/water interface, we have demonstrated that a range of important properties of SPBs, WPBs, and PEMs can be tuned by pH with the consideration of the CMHB effect. Future directions for the CMHB effect on polyelectrolytes are also discussed. The insights on the CMHB effect on polyelectrolytes at the solid/water interface would promote the development of smart interfacial polyelectrolyte materials in a wide range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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9
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El Harrar T, Gohlke H. Cumulative Millisecond-Long Sampling for a Comprehensive Energetic Evaluation of Aqueous Ionic Liquid Effects on Amino Acid Interactions. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:281-298. [PMID: 36520535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of amino acid side-chains confer diverse energetic contributions and physical properties to a protein's stability and function. Various computational tools estimate the effect of changing a given amino acid on the protein's stability based on parametrized (free) energy functions. When parametrized for the prediction of protein stability in water, such energy functions can lead to suboptimal results for other solvents, such as ionic liquids (IL), aqueous ionic liquids (aIL), or salt solutions. However, to our knowledge, no comprehensive data are available describing the energetic effects of aIL on intramolecular protein interactions. Here, we present the most comprehensive set of potential of mean force (PMF) profiles of pairwise protein-residue interactions to date, covering 50 relevant interactions in water, the two biotechnologically relevant aIL [BMIM/Cl] and [BMIM/TfO], and [Na/Cl]. These results are based on a cumulated simulation time of >1 ms. aIL and salt ions can weaken, but also strengthen, specific residue interactions by more than 3 kcal mol-1, depending on the residue pair, residue-residue configuration, participating ions, and concentration, necessitating considering such interactions specifically. These changes originate from a complex interplay of competitive or cooperative noncovalent ion-residue interactions, changes in solvent structural dynamics, or unspecific charge screening effects and occur at the contact distance but also at larger, solvent-separated distances. This data provide explanations at the atomistic and energetic levels for complex IL effects on protein stability and should help improve the prediction accuracies of computational tools that estimate protein stability based on (free) energy functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till El Harrar
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Acar M, Tatini D, Ninham BW, Rossi F, Marchettini N, Lo Nostro P. The Lyotropic Nature of Halates: An Experimental Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238519. [PMID: 36500616 PMCID: PMC9739596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unlike halides, where the kosmotropicity decreases from fluoride to iodide, the kosmotropic nature of halates apparently increases from chlorate to iodate, in spite of the lowering in the static ionic polarizability. In this paper, we present an experimental study that confirms the results of previous simulations. The lyotropic nature of aqueous solutions of sodium halates, i.e., NaClO3, NaBrO3, and NaIO3, is investigated through density, conductivity, viscosity, and refractive index measurements as a function of temperature and salt concentration. From the experimental data, we evaluate the activity coefficients and the salt polarizability and assess the anions' nature in terms of kosmotropicity/chaotropicity. The results clearly indicate that iodate behaves as a kosmotrope, while chlorate is a chaotrope, and bromate shows an intermediate nature. This experimental study confirms that, in the case of halates XO3-, the kosmotropic-chaotropic ranking reverses with respect to halides. We also discuss and revisit the role of the anion's polarizability in the interpretation of Hofmeister phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Acar
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Duccio Tatini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Barry W. Ninham
- Materials Physics (Formerly Department of Applied Mathematics), Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- School of Science, University of New South Wales, Northcott Drive, Campbell, Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nadia Marchettini
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Lo Nostro
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-4573010
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11
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Specific Ion Effects on the Enzymatic Degradation of Polyester Films. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Citta RJ, Koteles BL, Delgado-Perez B, Chan BC, Kalman SE. Ruthenium(II) Complexes of an Imidazole Carboxamido Ligand for Base-Free Transfer Hydrogenation in Air. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Citta
- Chemistry Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States
| | - Brandon L. Koteles
- Chemistry Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States
| | - Brenda Delgado-Perez
- Chemistry Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States
| | - Benny C. Chan
- Chemistry Department, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - Steven E. Kalman
- Chemistry Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States
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13
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Gregory KP, Elliott GR, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Page AJ. A quantum chemical molecular dynamics repository of solvated ions. Sci Data 2022; 9:430. [PMID: 35864118 PMCID: PMC9304403 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of ion-solvent interactions in predicting specific ion effects in contexts ranging from viral activity through to electrolyte viscosity cannot be underestimated. Moreover, investigations of specific ion effects in nonaqueous systems, highly relevant to battery technologies, biochemical systems and colloid science, are severely limited by data deficiency. Here, we report IonSolvR – a collection of more than 3,000 distinct nanosecond-scale ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of ions in aqueous and non-aqueous solvent environments at varying effective concentrations. Density functional tight binding (DFTB) is used to detail the solvation structure of up to 55 solutes in 28 different protic and aprotic solvents. DFTB is a fast quantum chemical method, and as such enables us to bridge the gap between efficient computational scaling and maintaining accuracy, while using an internally-consistent simulation technique. We validate the database against experimental data and provide guidance for accessing individual IonSolvR records. Measurement(s) | solvation structure | Technology Type(s) | quantum chemistry computational method • Molecular Dynamics |
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Gareth R Elliott
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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14
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Yuan H, Liu G. Polyelectrolyte Complexation When Considering the Counterion-Mediated Hydrogen Bonding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8179-8186. [PMID: 35748635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated a pH-modulated complexation between two oppositely charged strong polyelectrolytes to demonstrate the effect of counterion-mediated hydrogen bonding (CMHB) on polyelectrolyte complexation. We have found that such a pH-modulated complexation cannot be understood without considering the CMHB. Thermodynamically, the effect of CMHB on the polyelectrolyte complexation is manifested by the alteration of both enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy change. The pH-dependent intrinsic ion-pairing and complex coacervation processes of the polyelectrolyte complexation can be understood when considering the CMHB. Our study demonstrates that both the extent of polyelectrolyte complex formation in bulk solutions and the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers on surfaces are controlled by the pH-dependent intrinsic ion-pairing process. Furthermore, on the basis of the pH-dependent intrinsic ion pairing, the properties of the multilayers can be tuned by pH. This work provides a new strategy to control the polyelectrolyte complexation with counterions and will inspire new ideas for building advanced polyelectrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yuan
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026
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15
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Gregory KP, Elliott GR, Robertson H, Kumar A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Craig VSJ, Andersson GG, Page AJ. Understanding specific ion effects and the Hofmeister series. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12682-12718. [PMID: 35543205 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and are observed across the medical, biological, chemical and industrial sciences. Nevertheless, no general predictive theory has yet been able to explain ion specificity across these fields; it remains impossible to predict when, how, and to what magnitude, a SIE will be observed. In part, this is due to the complexity of real systems in which ions, counterions, solvents and cosolutes all play varying roles, which give rise to anomalies and reversals in anticipated SIEs. Herein we review the historical explanations for SIE in water and the key ion properties that have been attributed to them. Systems where the Hofmeister series is perturbed or reversed are explored, as is the behaviour of ions at the liquid-vapour interface. We discuss SIEs in mixed electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, and in highly concentrated electrolyte solutions - exciting frontiers in this field with particular relevance to biological and electrochemical applications. We conclude the perspective by summarising the challenges and opportunities facing this SIE research that highlight potential pathways towards a general predictive theory of SIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia. .,Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gareth R Elliott
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Hayden Robertson
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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16
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Kumar A, Craig VS, Page AJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ, Andersson G. Ion Specificity in the Measured Concentration Depth Profile of Ions at the Vapor-Glycerol Interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:687-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Kubik S. When Molecules Meet in Water-Recent Contributions of Supramolecular Chemistry to the Understanding of Molecular Recognition Processes in Water. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200028. [PMID: 35373466 PMCID: PMC8977507 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition processes in water differ from those in organic solvents in that they are mediated to a much greater extent by solvent effects. The hydrophobic effect, for example, causes molecules that only weakly interact in organic solvents to stay together in water. Such water‐mediated interactions can be very efficient as demonstrated by many of the synthetic receptors discussed in this review, some of which have substrate affinities matching or even surpassing those of natural binders. However, in spite of considerable success in designing such receptors, not all factors determining their binding properties in water are fully understood. Existing concepts still provide plausible explanations why the reorganization of water molecules often causes receptor‐substrate interactions in water to be strongly exothermic rather than entropically favored as predicted by the classical view of the hydrophobic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kubik
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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18
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Gao J, Zhan QW, Tang Z, Huang Y. The critical Transition from Soluble Complexes to Colloidal Aggregates of Polyelectrolyte Complexes at Non-stoichiometric Charge Ratios. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100880. [PMID: 35066951 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transition from soluble to colloidal polyelectrolyte complex normally occurs at a critical non-stoichiometric charge ratio. Here, we demonstrated that the conventional batch mixing produces heterogeneous binding and complexation, which could easily mask this soluble-colloidal complex transition (sol-col transition) even for weakly binding polyelectrolytes like polyacrylic acid (PAA) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). When mixed efficiently using multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM), the sol-col transition occurs beyond a critical charge ratio (n-/n+) and the large colloidal complexes are formed through the aggregation of small primary complexes (as revealed by atomic force microscopy). Moreover, the sol-col transition occurs at a constant charge ratio below the overlapping concentration (c*) of the long host polyelectrolyte, but at lower charge ratios above c* due to chain entanglement. When adding NaCl to the solution, the sol-col transition charge ratio first decreases, then remained stable for a period and finally increased and vanished at high ionic strength. When replacing NaCl with chaotropic salts, the sol-col transition occurs at lower charge ratios, while kosmotropes had little impact. The solvent quality and polymer hydrophobicity effects are also discussed. With the assistance of rapid mixing, this study provides a more reliable way of studying the sol-col transition of polyelectrolyte complexes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Zhan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ziyao Tang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Miranda-Quintana RA, Smiatek J. Specific Ion Effects in Different Media: Current Status and Future Challenges. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13840-13849. [PMID: 34918938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the current state of research as well as the future challenges for a deeper understanding of specific ion effects in protic and aprotic solvents as well as various additional media. Despite recent interest in solute or interfacial effects, we focus exclusively on the specific properties of ions in bulk electrolyte solutions. Corresponding results show that many mechanisms remain unknown for these simple media, although theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have provided some insights into explaining individual observations. In particular, the importance of local interactions and electronic properties is emphasized, which enabled a more consistent interpretation of specific ion effects over the past years. Despite current insufficient knowledge, we also discuss future challenges in relation to dynamic properties as well as the influence of different concentrations, different solvents, and solute contributions to gain a deeper understanding of specific ion effects for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Digitalization Development Biologicals CMC, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397 Biberach (Riss), Germany
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20
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Eisenhart AE, Beck TL. Specific Ion Solvation and Pairing Effects in Glycerol Carbonate. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13635-13643. [PMID: 34894679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the driving forces behind the solvation of inorganic salts by nonaqueous solvents is an important step in the development of green solvents. Here we focus on one promising solvent: glycerol carbonate (GC). Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we build upon our previous work by detailing glycerol carbonate's interactions with a series of anions, a lithium ion, and the LiF ion pair. Through these investigations, we highlight the changes in solvation behavior as the anion size increases, the competition of binding shown by lithium for the oxygens of GC, and the behavior of the LiF ion pair in a GC solution. These results indicate the importance of the cation's identity in ion-pairing structure and dynamics and lend insight into the key factors behind the specific ion effects seen in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Eisenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Thomas L Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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21
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Gregory KP, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Craig VSJ, Page AJ. The electrostatic origins of specific ion effects: quantifying the Hofmeister series for anions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15007-15015. [PMID: 34976339 PMCID: PMC8612401 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Life as we know it is dependent upon water, or more specifically salty water. Without dissolved ions, the interactions between biological molecules are insufficiently complex to support life. This complexity is intimately tied to the variation in properties induced by the presence of different ions. These specific ion effects, widely known as Hofmeister effects, have been known for more than 100 years. They are ubiquitous throughout the chemical, biological and physical sciences. The origin of these effects and their relative strengths is still hotly debated. Here we reconsider the origins of specific ion effects through the lens of Coulomb interactions and establish a foundation for anion effects in aqueous and non-aqueous environments. We show that, for anions, the Hofmeister series can be explained and quantified by consideration of site-specific electrostatic interactions. This can simply be approximated by the radial charge density of the anion, which we have calculated for commonly reported ions. This broadly quantifies previously unpredictable specific ion effects, including those known to influence solution properties, virus activities and reaction rates. Furthermore, in non-aqueous solvents, the relative magnitude of the anion series is dependent on the Lewis acidity of the solvent, as measured by the Gutmann Acceptor Number. Analogous SIEs for cations bear limited correlation with their radial charge density, highlighting a fundamental asymmetry in the origins of specific ion effects for anions and cations, due to competing non-Coulombic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
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22
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The Anion Binding Affinity Determines the Strength of Anion Specificities of Thermosensitive Polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Ion-Specific and Solvent Effects on PDADMA–PSS Complexation and Multilayer Formation. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various parameters that influence the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes and multilayers, special emphasis should be placed on ion-specific and solvent effects. In our study, we systematically examined the above-mentioned effects on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMACl)-sodium poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) complexation in solution and at the surface by means of dynamic light scattering, ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy measurements. As solvents, we used water and water/ethanol mixture. The obtained results confirm the importance of ion-specific and solvent effects on complexes prepared in solution, as well as on multilayers built up on a silica surface. The experiments in mixed solvent solution showed that at a higher ethanol mole fraction, the decrease in monomer titrant to titrand ratio, at which the increase in the size of complexes is observed, takes place. The difference between chloride and bromide ions was more pronounced at a higher mole fraction of ethanol and in the case of positive complex formation, suggesting that the larger amount of bromide ions could be condensed to the polycation chain. These findings are in accordance with the results we obtained for polyelectrolyte multilayers and could be helpful for designing polyelectrolyte multilayers with tuned properties needed for various applications, primarily in the field of biomedicine.
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24
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Beneficial properties of solvents and ions for lithium ion and post-lithium ion batteries: Implications from charge transfer models. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Lian L, Liu L, Ding Y, Hua Z, Liu G. Specific Anion Effects on Charged-Neutral Random Copolymers: Interplay between Different Anion-Polymer Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1697-1706. [PMID: 33499598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of ion specificities of charged-neutral random copolymers is of great importance for understanding specific ion effects on natural macromolecules. In the present work, we have investigated the specific anion effects on the thermoresponsive behavior of poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride]-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) [P(METAC-co-NIPAM)] random copolymers. Our study demonstrates that the anion specificities of the P(METAC-co-NIPAM) copolymers are dependent on their chemical compositions. The specific anion effects on the copolymers with high mole fractions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are similar to those on the PNIPAM homopolymer. As the mole fraction of PNIPAM decreases to a certain value, a V-shaped anion series can be observed in terms of the anion-specific cloud point temperature of the copolymer, as induced by the interplay between different anion-polymer interactions. Our study also suggests that both the direct and the indirect anion-polymer interactions contribute to the anion specificities of the copolymers. This work would improve our understanding of the relationship between the ion specificities and the ion-macromolecule interactions for naturally occurring macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Lian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lvdan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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26
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Johnson EC, Gresham IJ, Prescott SW, Nelson A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. The direction of influence of specific ion effects on a pH and temperature responsive copolymer brush is dependent on polymer charge. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Miranda‐Quintana RA, Smiatek J. Theoretical Insights into Specific Ion Effects and Strong-Weak Acid-Base Rules for Ions in Solution: Deriving the Law of Matching Solvent Affinities from First Principles. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2605-2617. [PMID: 32975891 PMCID: PMC7756232 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We present a detailed study of specific ion effects, volcano plots and the law of matching solvent affinities by means of a conceptual density functional theory (DFT) approach. Our results highlight that specific ion effects and the corresponding implications on the solvation energy are mainly due to differences in the electric chemical potentials and chemical hardnesses of the ions and the solvent. Our approach can be further used to identify reliable criteria for the validity of the law of matching solvent affinities. Basic expressions are derived, which allow us to study the limiting conditions for this empirical observation with regard to matching chemical reactivity indices. Moreover, we show that chaotropic and kosmotropic concepts and their implications for the stability of ion pairs are directly related to a generalized strong and weak acids and bases (SWAB) principle for ions in solution, which is also applicable to rationalize the shape of volcano plots for different solvents. In contrast to previous assumptions, all empirical findings can be explained by the properties of local solvent-ion complexes which dominate the specific global behavior of ion pairs in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institut für ComputerphysikUniversität Stuttgart70569StuttgartGermany
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28
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Mestdagh JM, Poisson L. Excited State Dynamics of Isolated 6- and 8-Hydroxyquinoline Molecules. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2605-2613. [PMID: 33022865 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced dynamics of isolated n-hydroxyquinoline (nHQ) molecules (n=6,8) was investigated in femtosecond pump-probe experiments. A qualitative difference was found between 8HQ and 6HQ. After an initial rapid decay corresponding to the departure of the initial wavepacket out of the Franck-Condon region of the excitation, the 8HQ probe signal decays to zero in 0.37 ps whereas a much longer time constant of 10.4 ps is observed in 6HQ. This interrogates on the role played by the intramolecular H-bond N · · · HO which is at play the 8HQ molecule. Ab-initio were performed at the MCSCF/aug-cc-pVDZ level on the 8HQ molecule to help the discussion. A complex energy landscape was found, which includes a conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Mestdagh
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lionel Poisson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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29
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Yang J, Knape MJ, Burkert O, Mazzini V, Jung A, Craig VSJ, Miranda-Quintana RA, Bluhmki E, Smiatek J. Artificial neural networks for the prediction of solvation energies based on experimental and computational data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24359-24364. [PMID: 33084665 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of thermodynamic properties for novel electrolyte formulations is of fundamental interest for industrial applications as well as academic research. Herewith, we present an artificial neural networks (ANN) approach for the prediction of solvation energies and entropies for distinct ion pairs in various protic and aprotic solvents. The considered feed-forward ANN is trained either by experimental data or computational results from conceptual density functional theory calculations. The proposed concept of mapping computed values to experimental data lowers the amount of time-consuming and costly experiments and helps to overcome certain limitations. Our findings reveal high correlation coefficients between predicted and experimental values which demonstrate the validity of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Yang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Analytical Development Biologicals, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach (Riss), Germany
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30
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Nielen WM, Willott JD, Esguerra ZM, de Vos WM. Ion specific effects on aqueous phase separation of responsive copolymers for sustainable membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:186-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Collu M, Carucci C, Salis A. Specific Anion Effects on Lipase Adsorption and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel in Nonaqueous Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9465-9471. [PMID: 32640792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (Pfl) was adsorbed on macroporous polypropylene to obtain a heterogeneous biocatalyst. The effect of NaCl concentration and of different 100 mm sodium salts on the Pfl loading and catalytic performance toward biodiesel synthesis via the solvent-free methanolysis of triglycerides was studied. Although lipase adsorption onto polypropylene is governed by hydrophobic interactions, both salt concentration and anion type affect lipase loading. Protein loading decreased along the series: Cl- > SO42- ≈ no salt > Br- > I- > SCN- > F- > AcO-. This nonmonotonic ion-specific trend can be the result of opposite mechanisms occurring during the adsorption step. A similar trend is observed also for triglyceride conversion and biodiesel yield. It is likely that ions affect the microenvironment of the adsorbed lipase by interacting specifically with the hydration water and polypeptide chains, thus affecting enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Collu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari-CSGI and CNBS, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Cristina Carucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari-CSGI and CNBS, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Andrea Salis
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari-CSGI and CNBS, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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32
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FTIR Spectroscopy Study of the Secondary Structure Changes in Human Serum Albumin and Trypsin under Neutral Salts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040606. [PMID: 32295172 PMCID: PMC7226448 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of neutral salts on protein conformation was first analyzed by Hofmeister in 1888, however, even today this phenomenon is not completely understood. To clarify this effect, we studied changes in the secondary structure of two proteins: human serum albumin with predominantly α-helical structure and porcine pancreas β-trypsin with the typical β-structural arrangement in aqueous solutions of neutral salts (KSCN, KCl, (NH4)2SO4). The changes in the secondary structure were studied at 23 °C and 80 °C by using the second derivative deconvolution method of the IR spectra. Our results demonstrated that the ability of the salts to stabilize/destabilize these two proteins correlates with the Hofmeister series of ions. At the same time, some exceptions were also observed. The destabilization of the native structures of both α-helical albumin and β-structural trypsin upon interaction with neutral salts leads to the formation of intermolecular β-sheets typical for amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates. Thus, our quantitative FTIR-spectroscopy analysis allowed us to further clarify the mechanisms and complexity of the neutral salt actions on protein structures which may lead to strategies preventing unwelcome misfolding of proteins.
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33
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Smiatek J. Theoretical and Computational Insight into Solvent and Specific Ion Effects for Polyelectrolytes: The Importance of Local Molecular Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:E1661. [PMID: 32260301 PMCID: PMC7180813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes in solution show a broad plethora of interesting effects. In this short review article, we focus on recent theoretical and computational findings regarding specific ion and solvent effects and their impact on the polyelectrolyte behavior. In contrast to standard mean field descriptions, the properties of polyelectrolytes are significantly influenced by crucial interactions with the solvent, co-solvent and ion species. The corresponding experimental and simulation results reveal a significant deviation from theoretical predictions, which also highlights the importance of charge transfer, dispersion and polarization interactions in combination with solvation mechanisms. We discuss recent theoretical and computational findings in addition to novel approaches which help broaden the applicability of simple mean field theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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34
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Smiatek J. Specific Ion Effects and the Law of Matching Solvent Affinities: A Conceptual Density Functional Theory Approach. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2191-2197. [PMID: 32105071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We study the principles behind specific ion effects of alkali and halide ions in various protic and aprotic solvents by means of a conceptual density functional theory (DFT) approach. The results of our calculations are in good agreement with experimental data and underline the crucial role of frontier molecular orbital energies. Further analysis reveals that the electronegativities and chemical hardness values of the considered ion and solvent species provide a molecular rationale for specific ion effects and the law of matching water affinities. Based on the analytical expressions and DFT calculations, we show that solvent affinities and the occurrence of specific ion effects, among other molecular mechanisms and interactions, are mainly due to electronegativity differences between the ions and the surrounding solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Matsuno R, Kokubo Y, Kumagai S, Takamatsu S, Hashimoto K, Takahara A. Molecular Design and Characterization of Ionic Monomers with Varying Ion Pair Interaction Energies. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuno
- KOINE project Division Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yota Kokubo
- Sumitomo Riko Company, 1 Higashi 3-chome, Komaki, Aichi 485-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Kumagai
- Sumitomo Riko Company, 1 Higashi 3-chome, Komaki, Aichi 485-8550, Japan
| | | | - Kazunobu Hashimoto
- KOINE project Division Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Sumitomo Riko Company, 1 Higashi 3-chome, Komaki, Aichi 485-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Jordan JH, Easson MW, Condon BD. Cellulose hydrolysis using ionic liquids and inorganic acids under dilute conditions: morphological comparison of nanocellulose. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39413-39424. [PMID: 35515368 PMCID: PMC9057393 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05976e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from cellulose extracted from cotton gin motes (CGM) using an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [BMIm]Cl) under dilute conditions is reported. The concurrent process involves minimal swelling of cellulose with an ionic liquid and hydrolysis of the cellulose initiated by the addition of either phosphoric (H3PO4), hydrochloric (HCl), or sulfuric (H2SO4) acid. The obtained nanocrystals had similar physical properties (e.g. crystallinity) to the counterparts prepared under conventional conditions and exhibited superior thermal properties for sulfate CNCs. Additionally, the obtained CNCs had low surface functionalization, yet were colloidally stable for >90 days, which is a desirable trait for post-functionalization of CNCs. This process represents a general strategy utilizing dilute ionic liquids in the preparation of nanocellulose under mildly acidic conditions. Cellulose nanocrystals prepared with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl) and HCl, H2SO4, or H3PO4 in a one-pot process under dilute conditions are investigated for changes in CNC dimensions, crystallinity, and thermal stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobs H. Jordan
- USDA
- Agricultural Research Service
- Southern Regional Research Center
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Michael W. Easson
- USDA
- Agricultural Research Service
- Southern Regional Research Center
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Brian D. Condon
- USDA
- Agricultural Research Service
- Southern Regional Research Center
- New Orleans
- USA
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37
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The Hofmeister series: Specific ion effects in aqueous polymer solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:615-635. [PMID: 31408761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Specific ion effects in aqueous polymer solutions have been under active investigation over the past few decades. The current state-of-the-art research is primarily focused on the understanding of the mechanisms through which ions interact with macromolecules and affect their solution stability. Hence, we herein first present the current opinion on the sources of ion-specific effects and review the relevant studies. This includes a summary of the molecular mechanisms through which ions can interact with polymers, quantification of the affinity of ions for the polymer surface, a thermodynamic description of the effects of salts on polymer stability, as well as a discussion on the different forces that contribute to ion-polymer interplay. Finally, we also highlight future research issues that call for further scrutiny. These include fundamental questions on the mechanisms of ion-specific effects and their correlation with polymer properties as well as a discussion on the specific ion effects in more complex systems such as mixed electrolyte solutions.
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38
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Gregory KP, Webber GB, Wanless EJ, Page AJ. Lewis Strength Determines Specific-Ion Effects in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solvents. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6420-6429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P. Gregory
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B. Webber
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J. Wanless
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Alister J. Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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39
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Smiatek J. Enthalpic contributions to solvent–solute and solvent–ion interactions: Electronic perturbation as key to the understanding of molecular attraction. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:174112. [PMID: 31067894 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Münster (HI MS–IEK 12): Ionenleiter in Energiespeichern, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstrasse 46, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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40
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Arunkumar R, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL. FTIR Spectroscopic Study of the Secondary Structure of Globular Proteins in Aqueous Protic Ionic Liquids. Front Chem 2019; 7:74. [PMID: 30815435 PMCID: PMC6381012 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding is a detrimental effect which can lead to the inactivation of enzymes, aggregation, and the formation of insoluble protein fibrils called Amyloids. Consequently, it is important to understand the mechanism of protein folding, and under which conditions it can be avoided or mitigated. Ionic liquids (ILs) have previously been shown as capable of increasing or decreasing protein stability, depending on the specific IL, IL concentration and which protein. However, a greater range of IL-proteins need to be systematically explored to enable the development of structure-property relationships. In this work, the secondary structure of four proteins, lysozyme, trypsin, β-lactoglobulin and α-amylase, were studied in aqueous solutions of 10 protic ionic liquids (PILs) with 0-50 mol% PIL present. The PILs consisted of ethyl-, ethanol-, diethanol- and triethanolammonium cations paired with nitrate, formate, acetate or glycolate anions. The secondary structure was obtained using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that lysozyme and trypsin retained its secondary structure, consistent with a native folded state, for many of the aqueous IL solutions which contained a formate or nitrate anion at the most dilute concentrations. In contrast, α-amylase and β-lactoglobulin generally had poor stability and solubility in the IL solutions. This may be due to the isoelectric point of α-amylase and β-lactoglobulin being closer to the pH of the solvents. All four proteins were insoluble in ethyl-, ethanol- and diethanolammonium acetate, though α-amylase and trypsin retained their secondary structure in up to 20 and 30 mol% of triethanolammonium acetate, respectively. It was evident that the protein stability varied substantially depending on the protein-IL combination, and the IL concentration in water. Overall, the findings indicated that some ions and some ILs were in general better for protein solubility and stability than others, such as acetate leading to poor solubility, and EAN and EAF generally leading to better protein stability than the other PILs. This study of four proteins in 10 aqueous PILs clearly showed that there are many complexities in their interactions and no clear general trend, despite the similarities between the PIL structures. This highlights the need for more and larger studies to enable the selection and optimization of PIL solvents used with biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamar L. Greaves
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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41
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Properties of Ion Complexes and Their Impact on Charge Transport in Organic Solvent-Based Electrolyte Solutions for Lithium Batteries: Insights from a Theoretical Perspective. BATTERIES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries4040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte formulations in standard lithium ion and lithium metal batteries are complex mixtures of various components. In this article, we review molecular key principles of ion complexes in multicomponent electrolyte solutions in regards of their influence on charge transport mechanisms. We outline basic concepts for the description of ion–solvent and ion–ion interactions, which can be used to rationalize recent experimental and numerical findings concerning modern electrolyte formulations. Furthermore, we discuss benefits and drawbacks of empirical concepts in comparison to molecular theories of solution for a more refined understanding of ion behavior in organic solvents. The outcomes of our discussion provide a rational for beneficial properties of ions, solvent, co-solvent and additive molecules, and highlight possible routes for further improvement of novel electrolyte solutions.
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42
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Li M, Lu Y, An L. Ion Polarizabilities in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Water/Organic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10023-10030. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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