1
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D'Cunha R, Otten M, Hermes MR, Gagliardi L, Gray SK. State Preparation in Quantum Algorithms for Fragment-Based Quantum Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3121-3130. [PMID: 38607377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
State preparation for quantum algorithms is crucial for achieving high accuracy in quantum chemistry and competing with classical algorithms. The localized active space-unitary coupled cluster (LAS-UCC) algorithm iteratively loads a fragment-based multireference wave function onto a quantum computer. In this study, we compare two state preparation methods, quantum phase estimation (QPE) and direct initialization (DI), for each fragment. We test the two state preparation methods on three systems, ranging from a model system, a set of interacting hydrogen molecules, to more realistic chemical problems, like the C-C double bond breaking in transbutadiene and the spin ladder in a bimetallic system. We analyze the impact of QPE parameters, such as the number of ancilla qubits and Trotter steps, on the prepared state. We find a trade-off between the methods, where DI requires fewer resources for smaller fragments, while QPE is more efficient for larger fragments. Our resource estimates highlight the benefits of system fragmentation in state preparation for subsequent quantum chemical calculations. These findings have broad applications for preparing multireference quantum chemical wave functions on quantum circuits that can be used for realistic chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhee D'Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew Otten
- HRL Laboratories LLC, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Matthew R Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stephen K Gray
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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2
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Sugisaki K. Projective Measurement-Based Quantum Phase Difference Estimation Algorithm for the Direct Computation of Eigenenergy Differences on a Quantum Computer. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7617-7625. [PMID: 37874368 PMCID: PMC10653105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum computers are capable of calculating the energy difference of two electronic states using the quantum phase difference estimation (QPDE) algorithm. The Bayesian inference-based implementations for the QPDE have been reported so far, but in this approach, the quality of the calculated energy difference depends on the input wave functions being used. Here, we report the inverse quantum Fourier transformation-based QPDE with Na of ancillary qubits, which allows us to compute the difference of eigenenergies based on the single-shot projective measurement. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, we report numerical experiments for the singlet-triplet energy difference of the hydrogen molecule and the vertical excitation energies of halogen-substituted methylenes (CHF, CHCl, CF2, CFCl, and CCl2) and formaldehyde (HCHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 7-1 Shinkawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-0032, Japan
- Quantum
Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- Centre
for Quantum Engineering, Research and Education
TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
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3
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D'Cunha R, Crawford TD, Motta M, Rice JE. Challenges in the Use of Quantum Computing Hardware-Efficient Ansätze in Electronic Structure Theory. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3437-3448. [PMID: 37040444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in quantum computation for electronic structure, and particularly heuristic quantum algorithms, create an ongoing need to characterize the performance and limitations of these methods. Here we discuss some potential pitfalls connected with the use of hardware-efficient Ansätze in variational quantum simulations of electronic structure. We illustrate that hardware-efficient Ansätze may break Hamiltonian symmetries and yield nondifferentiable potential energy curves, in addition to the well-known difficulty of optimizing variational parameters. We discuss the interplay between these limitations by carrying out a comparative analysis of hardware-efficient Ansätze versus unitary coupled cluster and full configuration interaction, and of second- and first-quantization strategies to encode Fermionic degrees of freedom to qubits. Our analysis should be useful in understanding potential limitations and in identifying possible areas of improvement in hardware-efficient Ansätze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhee D'Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - T Daniel Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mario Motta
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Julia E Rice
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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4
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Otten M, Hermes MR, Pandharkar R, Alexeev Y, Gray SK, Gagliardi L. Localized Quantum Chemistry on Quantum Computers. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7205-7217. [PMID: 36346785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry calculations of large, strongly correlated systems are typically limited by the computation cost that scales exponentially with the size of the system. Quantum algorithms, designed specifically for quantum computers, can alleviate this, but the resources required are still too large for today's quantum devices. Here, we present a quantum algorithm that combines a localization of multireference wave functions of chemical systems with quantum phase estimation (QPE) and variational unitary coupled cluster singles and doubles (UCCSD) to compute their ground-state energy. Our algorithm, termed "local active space unitary coupled cluster" (LAS-UCC), scales linearly with the system size for certain geometries, providing a polynomial reduction in the total number of gates compared with QPE, while providing accuracy above that of the variational quantum eigensolver using the UCCSD ansatz and also above that of the classical local active space self-consistent field. The accuracy of LAS-UCC is demonstrated by dissociating (H2)2 into two H2 molecules and by breaking the two double bonds in trans-butadiene, and resource estimates are provided for linear chains of up to 20 H2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Otten
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California90265, United States
| | - Matthew R Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Riddhish Pandharkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Yuri Alexeev
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Stephen K Gray
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
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5
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Langkabel F, Bande A. Quantum-Compute Algorithm for Exact Laser-Driven Electron Dynamics in Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7082-7092. [PMID: 36399652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the capability of known quantum computing algorithms for fault-tolerant quantum computing to simulate the laser-driven electron dynamics of excitation and ionization processes in small molecules such as lithium hydride, which can be benchmarked against the most accurate time-dependent full configuration interaction (TD-FCI) calculations. The conventional TD-FCI wave packet propagation is reproduced using the Jordan-Wigner transformation for wave function and operators and the Trotter product formula for expressing the propagator. In addition, the time-dependent dipole moment, as an example of a time-dependent expectation value, is calculated using the Hadamard test. To include non-Hermitian operators in the ionization dynamics, a similar approach to the quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) algorithm is employed to translate the propagator, including a complex absorption potential, into quantum gates. The computations are executed on a quantum computer simulator. By construction, all quantum computer algorithms, except for the QITE algorithm used only for ionization but not for excitation dynamics, would scale polynomially on a quantum computer with fully entangled qubits. In contrast, TD-FCI scales exponentially. Hence, quantum computation holds promises for substantial progress in the understanding of electron dynamics of excitation processes in increasingly large molecular systems, as has already been witnessed in electronic structure theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Langkabel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Bande
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109Berlin, Germany
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6
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Sugisaki K, Wakimoto H, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Quantum Algorithm for Numerical Energy Gradient Calculations at the Full Configuration Interaction Level of Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11105-11111. [PMID: 36444985 PMCID: PMC9743205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A Bayesian phase difference estimation (BPDE) algorithm allows us to compute the energy gap of two electronic states of a given Hamiltonian directly by utilizing the quantum superposition of their wave functions. Here we report an extension of the BPDE algorithm to the direct calculation of the energy difference of two molecular geometries. We apply the BPDE algorithm for the calculation of numerical energy gradients based on the two-point finite-difference method, enabling us to execute geometry optimization of one-dimensional molecules at the full-CI level on a quantum computer. Results of numerical quantum circuit simulations of the geometry optimization of the H2 molecule with the STO-3G and 6-31G basis sets, the LiH and BeH2 molecules at the full-CI/STO-3G level, and the N2 molecule at the CASCI(6e,6o)/6-311G* level are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka558-8585, Japan
- JSTPRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Centre
for Quantum Engineering, Research and Education (CQuERE), TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science
and Technology (TCG CREST), Sector V,
Salt Lake, Kolkata700091, India
| | - Hiroyuki Wakimoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuo Toyota
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka558-8585, Japan
- Research
Support Department/University Research Administrator Center, University
Administration Division, Osaka Metropolitan
University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto,
Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka558-8585, Japan
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7
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Sugisaki K, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Adiabatic state preparation of correlated wave functions with nonlinear scheduling functions and broken-symmetry wave functions. Commun Chem 2022; 5:84. [PMID: 36698020 PMCID: PMC9814591 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiabatic state preparation (ASP) can generate the correlated wave function by simulating the time evolution of wave function under the time-dependent Hamiltonian that interpolates the Fock operator and the full electronic Hamiltonian. However, ASP is inherently unsuitable for studying strongly correlated systems, and furthermore practical computational conditions for ASP are unknown. In quest for the suitable computational conditions for practical applications of ASP, we performed numerical simulations of ASP in the potential energy curves of N2, BeH2, and in the C2v quasi-reaction pathway of the Be atom insertion to the H2 molecule, examining the effect of nonlinear scheduling functions and the ASP with broken-symmetry wave functions with the S2 operator as the penalty term, contributing to practical applications of quantum computing to quantum chemistry. Eventually, computational guidelines to generate the correlated wave functions having the square overlap with the complete-active space self-consistent field wave function close to unity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 Japan ,grid.419082.60000 0004 1754 9200JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan ,grid.510650.7Centre for Quantum Engineering, Research and Education (CQuERE), TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology (TCG CREST), Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Kazuo Toyota
- grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 Japan ,grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Research Support Department/University Research Administrator Center, University Administration Division, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
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8
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Lim H, Jeon HN, Rhee JK, Oh B, No KT. Quantum computational study of chloride attack on chloromethane for chemical accuracy and quantum noise effects with UCCSD and k-UpCCGSD ansatzes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7495. [PMID: 35523939 PMCID: PMC9076662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum computing is expected to play an important role in solving the problem of huge computational costs in various applications by utilizing the collective properties of quantum states, including superposition, interference, and entanglement, to perform computations. Quantum mechanical (QM) methods are candidates for various applications and can provide accurate absolute energy calculations in structure-based methods. QM methods are powerful tools for describing reaction pathways and their potential energy surfaces (PES). In this study, we applied quantum computing to describe the PES of the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction between chloromethane and chloride ions. We performed noiseless and noise simulations using quantum algorithms and compared the accuracy and noise effects of the ansatzes. In noiseless simulations, the results from UCCSD and k-UpCCGSD are similar to those of full configurational interaction (FCI) with the same active space, which indicates that quantum algorithms can describe the PES of the SN2 reaction. In noise simulations, UCCSD is more susceptible to quantum noise than k-UpCCGSD. Therefore, k-UpCCGSD can serve as an alternative to UCCSD to reduce quantum noisy effects in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, and k-UpCCGSD is sufficient to describe the PES of the SN2 reaction in this work. The results showed the applicability of quantum computing to the SN2 reaction pathway and provided valuable information for structure-based molecular simulations with quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocheol Lim
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Nae Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byungdu Oh
- Baobab AiBIO Co., Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Baobab AiBIO Co., Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Quantum Circuits for the Preparation of Spin Eigenfunctions on Quantum Computers. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of quantum algorithms to the study of many-particle quantum systems requires the ability to prepare wave functions that are relevant in the behavior of the system under study. Hamiltonian symmetries are important instruments used to classify relevant many-particle wave functions and to improve the efficiency of numerical simulations. In this work, quantum circuits for the exact and approximate preparation of total spin eigenfunctions on quantum computers are presented. Two different strategies are discussed and compared: exact recursive construction of total spin eigenfunctions based on the addition theorem of angular momentum, and heuristic approximation of total spin eigenfunctions based on the variational optimization of a suitable cost function. The construction of these quantum circuits is illustrated in detail, and the preparation of total spin eigenfunctions is demonstrated on IBM quantum devices, focusing on three- and five-spin systems on graphs with triangle connectivity.
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10
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Aroeira GJR, Davis MM, Turney JM, Schaefer HF. Fermi.jl: A Modern Design for Quantum Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:677-686. [PMID: 34978451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Approximating molecular wave functions involves heavy numerical effort; therefore, codes for such tasks are written completely or partially in efficient languages such as C, C++, and Fortran. While these tools are dominant throughout quantum chemistry packages, the efficient development of new methods is often hindered by the complexity associated with code development. In order to ameliorate this scenario, some software packages take a dual approach where a simpler, higher-level language, such as Python, substitutes the traditional ones wherever performance is not critical. Julia is a novel, dynamically typed, programming language that aims to solve this two-language problem. It gained attention because of its modern and intuitive design, while still being highly optimized to compete with "low-level" languages. Recently, some chemistry-related projects have emerged exploring the capabilities of Julia. Herein, we introduce the quantum chemistry package Fermi.jl, which contains the first implementations of post-Hartree-Fock methods written in Julia. Its design makes use of many Julia core features, including multiple dispatch, metaprogramming, and interactive usage. Fermi.jl is a modular package, where new methods and implementations can be easily added to the existing code. Furthermore, it is designed to maximize code reusability by relying on general functions with specialized methods for particular cases. The feasibility of the project is explored through evaluating the performance of popular ab initio methods. It is our hope that this project motivates the usage of Julia within the community and brings new contributions into Fermi.jl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J R Aroeira
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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11
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Sugisaki K, Kato T, Minato Y, Okuwaki K, Mochizuki Y. Variational quantum eigensolver simulations with the multireference unitary coupled cluster ansatz: a case study of the C2v quasi-reaction pathway of beryllium insertion to H 2 molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8439-8452. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE)-based quantum chemical calculations have been extensively studied as a computational model using noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. VQE uses a parametrized quantum circuit defined through an “ansatz”...
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12
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Sugisaki K, Sakai C, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Quantum Algorithm for Full Configuration Interaction Calculations without Controlled Time Evolutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11085-11089. [PMID: 34749498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A quantum phase estimation algorithm allows us to perform full configuration interaction (full-CI) calculations on quantum computers with polynomial costs against the system size under study, but it requires quantum simulation of the time evolution of the wave function conditional on an ancillary qubit, which makes the algorithm implementation on real quantum devices difficult. Here, we discuss an application of the Bayesian phase difference estimation algorithm that is free from controlled time evolution operations to the full-CI calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Centre for Quantum Engineering, Research and Education (CQuERE), TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology (TCG CREST), 16th Floor, Omega, BIPL Building, Blocks EP & GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Chikako Sakai
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuo Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Support Department, University Research Administrator Center, University Administration Division, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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13
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da Silva TH, Hachigian TZ, Lee J, King MD. Using computers to ESKAPE the antibiotic resistance crisis. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:456-470. [PMID: 34688913 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of penicillin, the development and use of antibiotics have promoted safe and effective control of bacterial infections. However, the number of antibiotic-resistance cases has been ever increasing over time. Thus, the drug discovery process demands fast, efficient and cost-effective alternative approaches for developing lead candidates with outstanding performance. Computational approaches are appealing techniques to develop lead candidates in an in silico fashion. In this review, we provide an overview of the implementation of current in silico state-of-the-art techniques, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), in drug discovery. We also discuss the development of quantum computing and its potential benefits for antibiotics research and current bottlenecks that limit computational drug discovery advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago H da Silva
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Timothy Z Hachigian
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Matthew D King
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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14
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Sugisaki K, Sakai C, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Bayesian phase difference estimation: a general quantum algorithm for the direct calculation of energy gaps. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20152-20162. [PMID: 34551045 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quantum computers can perform full configuration interaction (full-CI) calculations by utilising the quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithms including Bayesian phase estimation (BPE) and iterative quantum phase estimation (IQPE). In these quantum algorithms, the time evolution of wave functions for atoms and molecules is simulated conditionally with an ancillary qubit as the control, which make implementation to real quantum devices difficult. Also, most of the problems in chemistry discuss energy differences between two electronic states rather than total energies themselves, and thus direct calculations of energy gaps are promising for future applications of quantum computers to real chemistry problems. In the race of finding efficient quantum algorithms to solve quantum chemistry problems, we test a Bayesian phase difference estimation (BPDE) algorithm, which is a general algorithm to calculate the difference of two eigenphases of unitary operators in the several cases of the direct calculations of energy gaps between two electronic states on quantum computers, including vertical ionisation energies, singlet-triplet energy gaps, and vertical excitation energies. In the BPDE algorithm, state preparation is carried out conditionally on the ancillary qubit, and the time evolution of the wave functions in superposition of two electronic states are executed unconditionally. Based on our test, we conclude that BPDE is capable of computing the energy gap with an accuracy similar to BPE without controlled-time evolution simulations and with the smaller number of iterations in Bayesian optimisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. .,JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Centre for Quantum Engineering, Research and Education (CQuERE), TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology (TCG CREST), 16th Floor, Omega, BIPL Building, Blocks EP & GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Chikako Sakai
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. .,Research Support Department/University Research Administrator Centre, University Administration Division, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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15
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Rowsey R, Taylor EE, Irle S, Stadie NP, Szilagyi RK. Methane Adsorption on Heteroatom-Modified Maquettes of Porous Carbon Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6042-6058. [PMID: 34232640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies disagree on the energetics of methane adsorption on carbon materials. However, this information is critical for the rational design and optimization of the structure and composition of adsorbents for natural gas storage. The delicate nature of dispersion interactions, polarization of both the adsorbent and the adsorbate, interplay between H-bonding and tetrel bonding, and induced dipole/Coulomb interactions inherent to methane physisorption require computational treatment at the highest possible level of theory. In this study, we employed the smallest reasonable computational model, a maquette of porous carbon surfaces with a central site for substitution and methane binding. The most accurate predictions of methane adsorption energetics were achieved by electron-correlated molecular orbital theory CCSD(T) and hybrid density functional theory MN15 calculations employing a saturated, all-electron basis set. The characteristic geometry of methane adsorption on a carbon surface ("lander approach") arises due to bonding interactions of the adsorbent π-system with the proximal H-C bonds of methane, in addition to tetrel bonding between the antibonding orbital of the distal C-H bond and the central atom of the maquette (C, B, or N). The polarization of the electron density, structural deformations, and the comprehensive energetic analysis clearly indicate a ∼3 kJ mol-1 preference for methane binding on the N-substituted maquette. The B-substituted maquette showed a comparable or lower binding energy than the unsubstituted, pure C model, depending on the level of theory employed. The calculated thermodynamic results indicate a strategy for incorporating electron-enriched substitutions (e.g., N) into carbon materials as a way to increase methane storage capacity over electron-deficient (e.g., B) modifications. The thermochemical analysis was revised for establishing a conceptual agreement between the experimental isosteric heat of adsorption and the binding enthalpies from statistical thermodynamics principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylan Rowsey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Erin E Taylor
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Stephan Irle
- Computational Sciences & Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nicholas P Stadie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Robert K Szilagyi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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16
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Riedel Gårding E, Schwaller N, Chan CL, Chang SY, Bosch S, Gessler F, Laborde WR, Hernandez JN, Si X, Dupertuis MA, Macris N. Bell Diagonal and Werner State Generation: Entanglement, Non-Locality, Steering and Discord on the IBM Quantum Computer. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:797. [PMID: 34201581 PMCID: PMC8304312 DOI: 10.3390/e23070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We propose the first correct special-purpose quantum circuits for preparation of Bell diagonal states (BDS), and implement them on the IBM Quantum computer, characterizing and testing complex aspects of their quantum correlations in the full parameter space. Among the circuits proposed, one involves only two quantum bits but requires adapted quantum tomography routines handling classical bits in parallel. The entire class of Bell diagonal states is generated, and several characteristic indicators, namely entanglement of formation and concurrence, CHSH non-locality, steering and discord, are experimentally evaluated over the full parameter space and compared with theory. As a by-product of this work, we also find a remarkable general inequality between "quantum discord" and "asymmetric relative entropy of discord": the former never exceeds the latter. We also prove that for all BDS the two coincide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Riedel Gårding
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Schwaller
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Chun Lam Chan
- Laboratoire de Théorie des Communications, Faculté Informatique et Communications, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Su Yeon Chang
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Samuel Bosch
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frederic Gessler
- Laboratoire de Théorie des Communications, Faculté Informatique et Communications, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Willy Robert Laborde
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Javier Naya Hernandez
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Xinyu Si
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Marc-André Dupertuis
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.R.G.); (N.S.); (S.Y.C.); (S.B.); (W.R.L.); (J.N.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Nicolas Macris
- Laboratoire de Théorie des Communications, Faculté Informatique et Communications, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.C.); (F.G.)
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17
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Tretyakov EV, Petunin PV, Zhivetyeva SI, Gorbunov DE, Gritsan NP, Fedin MV, Stass DV, Samoilova RI, Bagryanskaya IY, Shundrina IK, Bogomyakov AS, Kazantsev MS, Postnikov PS, Trusova ME, Ovcharenko VI. Platform for High-Spin Molecules: A Verdazyl-Nitronyl Nitroxide Triradical with Quartet Ground State. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8164-8176. [PMID: 34019759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermally resistant air-stable organic triradicals with a quartet ground state and a large energy gap between spin states are still unique compounds. In this work, we succeeded to design and prepare the first highly stable triradical, consisting of oxoverdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide radical fragments, with a quartet ground state. The triradical and its diradical precursor were synthesized via a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of diiodoverdazyl with nitronyl nitroxide-2-ide gold(I) complex. Both paramagnetic compounds were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, EPR spectroscopy in various matrices, and cyclic voltammetry. In the diradical, the verdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide centers demonstrated full reversibility of redox process, while for the triradical, the electrochemical reduction and oxidation proceed at practically the same redox potentials, but become quasi-reversible. A series of high-level CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations was performed to predict inter- and intramolecular exchange interactions in crystals of di- and triradicals and to establish their magnetic motifs. Based on the predicted magnetic motifs, the temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility were analyzed, and the singlet-triplet (135 ± 10 cm-1) and doublet-quartet (17 ± 2 and 152 ± 19 cm-1) splitting was found to be moderate. Unique high stability of synthesized verdazyl-nitronylnitroxide triradical opens new perspectives for further functionalization and design of high-spin systems with four or more spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Tretyakov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Petunin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana I Zhivetyeva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry E Gorbunov
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Nina P Gritsan
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Matvey V Fedin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Stass
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Rimma I Samoilova
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Inna K Shundrina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Artem S Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim S Kazantsev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel S Postnikov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Marina E Trusova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I Ovcharenko
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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18
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Poryvaev AS, Gjuzi E, Polyukhov DM, Hoffmann F, Fröba M, Fedin MV. Blatter-Radical-Grafted Mesoporous Silica as Prospective Nanoplatform for Spin Manipulation at Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8683-8688. [PMID: 33491265 PMCID: PMC8048659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum computing and quantum information processing (QC/QIP) crucially depend on the availability of suitable quantum bits (qubits) and methods of their manipulation. Most qubit candidates known to date are not applicable at ambient conditions. Herein, we propose radical-grafted mesoporous silica as a versatile and prospective nanoplatform for spin-based QC/QIP. Extremely stable Blatter-type organic radicals are used, whose electron spin decoherence time is profoundly long even at room temperature (up to Tm ≈2.3 μs), thus allowing efficient spin manipulation by microwave pulses. The mesoporous structure of such composites is nuclear-spin free and provides additional opportunities of embedding guest molecules into the channels. Robustness and tunability of these materials promotes them as highly promising nanoplatforms for future QC/QIP developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Poryvaev
- International Tomography Center SB RASNovosibirsk630090Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia
| | - Eva Gjuzi
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | | | - Frank Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RASNovosibirsk630090Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia
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19
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Poryvaev AS, Gjuzi E, Polyukhov DM, Hoffmann F, Fröba M, Fedin MV. Blatter‐Radical‐Grafted Mesoporous Silica as Prospective Nanoplatform for Spin Manipulation at Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Poryvaev
- International Tomography Center SB RAS Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Eva Gjuzi
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Frank Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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20
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Sugisaki K, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Quantum Algorithm for the Direct Calculations of Vertical Ionization Energies. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2880-2885. [PMID: 33724039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a quantum algorithm that is capable of directly calculating the energy gap between two electronic states having different spin quantum numbers without inspecting the total energy of the individual electronic states was proposed. This quantum algorithm guarantees an exponential speedup, like quantum phase estimation (QPE)-based full-CI, with much lower costs. In this work, we propose a modified quantum circuit for the direct calculations of spin state energy gaps to reduce the number of qubits and quantum gates, extending the quantum algorithm to the direct calculation of vertical ionization energies. Numerical quantum circuit simulations for the ionization of light atoms (He, Li, Be, B, C, and N) and small molecules (HF, BF, CF, CO, O2, NO, CN, F2, H2O, and NH3) revealed that the proposed quantum algorithm affords the vertical ionization energies within 0.1 eV of precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Centre for Quantum Engineering, Research and Education (CQuERE), TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology (TCG CREST), 16th Floor, Omega, BIPL Building, Blocks EP & GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Kazuo Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Support Department/University Research Administrator Center, University Administration Division, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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21
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Misochko EY. Recent advances in chemistry of high-spin nitrenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on aromatic nitrenes bearing from three to six unpaired electrons and having quartet, quintet, sextet or septet ground spin states, published in the last 15 years are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the magnetic properties of high-spin nitrenes and all other known high-spin organic molecules is performed. Promising areas of practical application of high-spin nitrenes as molecular magnets and as qubits and qudits for quantum computations are discussed.
The bibliography includes 214 references.
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22
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Sugisaki K, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. A quantum algorithm for spin chemistry: a Bayesian exchange coupling parameter calculator with broken-symmetry wave functions. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2121-2132. [PMID: 34163976 PMCID: PMC8179312 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04847j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Heisenberg exchange coupling parameter J (H = -2J S i · S j ) characterises the isotropic magnetic interaction between unpaired electrons, and it is one of the most important spin Hamiltonian parameters of multi-spin open shell systems. The J value is related to the energy difference between high-spin and low-spin states, and thus computing the energies of individual spin states are necessary to obtain the J values from quantum chemical calculations. Here, we propose a quantum algorithm, B̲ayesian ex̲change coupling parameter calculator with b̲roken-symmetry wave functions (BxB), which is capable of computing the J value directly, without calculating the energies of individual spin states. The BxB algorithm is composed of the quantum simulations of the time evolution of a broken-symmetry wave function under the Hamiltonian with an additional term j S 2, the wave function overlap estimation with the SWAP test, and Bayesian optimisation of the parameter j. Numerical quantum circuit simulations for H2 under a covalent bond dissociation, C, O, Si, NH, OH+, CH2, NF, O2, and triple bond dissociated N2 molecule revealed that the BxB can compute the J value within 1 kcal mol-1 of errors with less computational costs than conventional quantum phase estimation-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kazuo Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- Research Support Department, University Research Administrator Centre, University Administration Division, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
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23
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Tretyakov EV, Zhivetyeva SI, Petunin PV, Gorbunov DE, Gritsan NP, Bagryanskaya IY, Bogomyakov AS, Postnikov PS, Kazantsev MS, Trusova ME, Shundrina IK, Zaytseva EV, Parkhomenko DA, Bagryanskaya EG, Ovcharenko VI. Ferromagnetically Coupled
S
=1 Chains in Crystals of Verdazyl‐Nitronyl Nitroxide Diradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V. Tretyakov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Svetlana I. Zhivetyeva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Pavel V. Petunin
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences Tomsk Polytechnic University 30 Lenin Avenue Tomsk 634050 Russia
| | - Dmitry E. Gorbunov
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustions 3 Institutskaya Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustions 3 Institutskaya Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center 3a Institutskaya Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences Tomsk Polytechnic University 30 Lenin Avenue Tomsk 634050 Russia
- University of Chemistry and Technology 3 Technicka 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Maxim S. Kazantsev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Marina E. Trusova
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences Tomsk Polytechnic University 30 Lenin Avenue Tomsk 634050 Russia
| | - Inna K. Shundrina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Elena V. Zaytseva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Parkhomenko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Elena G. Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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24
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Tretyakov EV, Zhivetyeva SI, Petunin PV, Gorbunov DE, Gritsan NP, Bagryanskaya IY, Bogomyakov AS, Postnikov PS, Kazantsev MS, Trusova ME, Shundrina IK, Zaytseva EV, Parkhomenko DA, Bagryanskaya EG, Ovcharenko VI. Ferromagnetically Coupled S=1 Chains in Crystals of Verdazyl-Nitronyl Nitroxide Diradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20704-20710. [PMID: 32715591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thermally stable organic diradicals with a triplet ground state along with large singlet-triplet energy gap have significant potential for advanced technological applications. A series of phenylene-bridged diradicals with oxoverdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide units were synthesized via a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of iodoverdazyls with a nitronyl nitroxide-2-ide gold(I) complex with high yields. The diradicals exhibit high stability and do not decompose in an inert atmosphere up to 180 °C. For the diradicals, both substantial AF (ΔEST ≈-64 cm-1 ) and FM (ΔEST ≥25 and 100 cm-1 ) intramolecular exchange interactions were observed. The sign of the exchange interaction is determined both by the bridging moiety (para- or meta-phenylene) and by the type of oxoverdazyl block (C-linked or N-linked). Upon crystallization, diradicals with the triplet ground state form unique one-dimensional exchange-coupled chains with strong intra- and weak inter-diradical ferromagnetic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Tretyakov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Svetlana I Zhivetyeva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel V Petunin
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Gorbunov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustions, 3 Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nina P Gritsan
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustions, 3 Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Artem S Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, 3a Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel S Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,University of Chemistry and Technology, 3 Technicka, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maxim S Kazantsev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Marina E Trusova
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Inna K Shundrina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V Zaytseva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Parkhomenko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena G Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Victor I Ovcharenko
- International Tomography Center, 3a Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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25
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Correlation dynamics of nitrogen vacancy centers located in crystal cavities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16640. [PMID: 33024197 PMCID: PMC7538931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we investigate the bipartite non-classical correlations (NCCs) of a system formed by two nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers placed in two spatially separated single-mode nanocavities inside a planar photonic crystal (PC). The physical system is mathematically modeled by time-dependent Schrödinger equation and analytically solved. The bipartite correlations of the two N-V centers and the two-mode cavity have been analyzed by skew information, log-negativity, and Bell function quantifiers. We explore the effects of the coupling strength between the N-V-centers and the cavity fields as well as the cavity-cavity hopping constant and the decay rate on the generated correlation dynamics. Under some specific parameter values, a large amount of quantum correlations is obtained. This shows the possibility to control the dynamics of the correlations for the NV-centers and the cavity fields.
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26
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da Silva Filho AJ, da Cruz Dantas L, de Santana OL. Diradicalar Character and Ring Stability of Mesoionic Heterocyclic Oxazoles and Thiazoles by Ab Initio Mono and Multi-Reference Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194524. [PMID: 33023193 PMCID: PMC7582729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoionics are neutral compounds that cannot be represented by a fully covalent or purely ionic structure. Among the possible mesomeric structures of these compounds are the diradical electronic configurations. Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that some mesoionic rings are unstable, which may be related to a significant diradical character, that until then is not quantified. In this work, we investigated the diradical character of four heterocycles: 1,3-oxazol-5-one, 1,3-oxazol-5-thione, 1,3-thiazole-5-one, and 1,3-thiazole-5-thione. The oxazoles are known to be significatively less stable than thiazoles. DFT and ab initio single (B3LYP, MP2, CCSD, and QCISD) and ab initio multi-reference (MR-CISD) methods with three basis sets (6-311+G(d), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ) were employed to assess the diradical character of the investigated systems, in gas phase and DMSO solvent, from three criteria: (i) HOMO-LUMO energy gap, (ii) determination of energy difference between singlet and triplet wave functions, and (iii) quantification of the most significant diradical character (y0, determined in the unrestricted formalism). All of the results showed that the diradical character of the investigated systems is very small. However, the calculated electronic structures made it possible to identify the possible origin of the oxazoles instability, which can help the design of mesoionic systems with the desired properties.
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27
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Conti I, Cerullo G, Nenov A, Garavelli M. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Photoactive Molecular Systems from First Principles: Where We Stand Today and Where We Are Going. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16117-16139. [PMID: 32841559 PMCID: PMC7901644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
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Computational spectroscopy is becoming a mandatory tool for the interpretation of the
complex, and often congested, spectral maps delivered by modern non-linear multi-pulse
techniques. The fields of Electronic Structure Methods,
Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics, and Theoretical
Spectroscopy represent the three pillars of the virtual ultrafast
optical spectrometer, able to deliver transient spectra in
silico from first principles. A successful simulation strategy requires a
synergistic approach that balances between the three fields, each one having its very
own challenges and bottlenecks. The aim of this Perspective is to demonstrate that,
despite these challenges, an impressive agreement between theory and experiment is
achievable now regarding the modeling of ultrafast photoinduced processes in complex
molecular architectures. Beyond that, some key recent developments in the three fields
are presented that we believe will have major impacts on spectroscopic simulations in
the very near future. Potential directions of development, pending challenges, and
rising opportunities are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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28
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Hassanzadeh P. Towards the quantum-enabled technologies for development of drugs or delivery systems. J Control Release 2020; 324:260-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Stair NH, Huang R, Evangelista FA. A Multireference Quantum Krylov Algorithm for Strongly Correlated Electrons. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2236-2245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Stair
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Renke Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Francesco A. Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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30
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Sugisaki K, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. A probabilistic spin annihilation method for quantum chemical calculations on quantum computers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20990-20994. [PMID: 32940301 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A probabilistic spin annihilation method based on the quantum phase estimation algorithm is presented for quantum chemical calculations on quantum computers. This approach can eliminate more than one spin component from the spin contaminated wave functions by single operation. Comparison with the spin annihilation operation on classical computers is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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31
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Van Lommel R, Zhao J, De Borggraeve WM, De Proft F, Alonso M. Molecular dynamics based descriptors for predicting supramolecular gelation. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Four molecular dynamics-based descriptors were derived able to classify gelator–solvent combinations as a gel, precipitate or clear solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Van Lommel
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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32
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A review of applications of principles of quantum physics in oncology: do quantum physics principles have any role in oncology research and applications? JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396919000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Research in the applications of the principles of quantum physics in oncology has progressed significantly over the past decades; and several research groups with professionals from diverse scientific background, including electrical engineers, mathematicians, biologists, atomic physicists, computer programmers, and biochemists, are working collaboratively in an unprecedented and pioneering economic, organisational and human effort searching for a wider and more effective, potentially definitive, understanding of the cancers. It is hypothesised that the principles of quantum physics could open new and broader understanding of the cancers and the development of new effective, targeted, accurate, personalised and possibly definitive cancer treatment.Materials and methods:This paper reports on a review of recent studies in the field of the applications of the principles of quantum physics in biology, chemistry, biochemistry and quantum physics in cancer research, including quantum physics principles and cancer, quantum modelling techniques, quantum dots and its applications in oncology, quantum cascade laser histopathology and quantum computing applications.Conclusions:The applications of the principles of quantum physics in oncology, chemistry and biology are providing new perspectives and greater insights into a long-studied disease, which could result in a greater understanding of the cancers and the potential for personalised and definitive treatment methods.
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33
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Sugisaki K, Nakazawa S, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Quantum chemistry on quantum computers: quantum simulations of the time evolution of wave functions under the S 2 operator and determination of the spin quantum number S. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15356-15361. [PMID: 31270515 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum computers have an enormous impact on quantum chemical calculations. Approaches to calculate the energies of atoms and molecules on quantum computers by utilizing quantum phase estimation (QPE) and the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) have been well documented, and dozens of methodological improvements to decrease computational costs and to mitigate errors have been reported until recently. However, the possible methodological implementation of observables on quantum computers such as calculating the spin quantum numbers of arbitrary wave functions, which is a crucial issue in quantum chemistry, has been discussed less. Here, we propose a quantum circuit to simulate the time evolution of wave functions under an S2 operator, exp(-iS2t)|Ψ, and integrate it into the QPE circuit enabling us to determine the spin quantum number of the arbitrary wave functions. We demonstrate that the spin quantum numbers of up to three spins can be determined by only one qubit measurement in QPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Shigeaki Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. and Research Support Department/University Research Administrator Center, Unviersity Administration Division, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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