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Scott MA, Valeris-Chacin R, Thompson AC, Woolums AR, Karisch BB. Comprehensive time-course gene expression evaluation of high-risk beef cattle to establish immunological characteristics associated with undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412766. [PMID: 39346910 PMCID: PMC11427276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading infectious disease in beef cattle production systems. Host gene expression upon facility arrival may indicate risk of BRD development and severity. However, a time-course approach would better define how BRD development influences immunological and inflammatory responses after disease occurrences. Here, we evaluated whole blood transcriptomes of high-risk beef cattle at three time points to elucidate BRD-associated host response. Sequenced jugular whole blood mRNA from 36 cattle (2015: n = 9; 2017: n = 27) across three time points (n = 100 samples; days [D]0, D28, and D63) were processed through ARS-UCD1.2 reference-guided assembly (HISAT2/Stringtie2). Samples were categorized into BRD-severity cohorts (Healthy, n = 14; Treated 1, n = 11; Treated 2+, n = 11) via frequency of antimicrobial clinical treatment. Assessment of gene expression patterns over time within each BRD cohort was modeled through an autoregressive hidden Markov model (EBSeq-HMM; posterior probability ≥ 0.5, FDR < 0.01). Mixed-effects negative binomial models (glmmSeq; FDR < 0.05) and edgeR (FDR < 0.10) identified differentially expressed genes between and across cohorts overtime. A total of 2,580, 2,216, and 2,381 genes were dynamically expressed across time in Healthy, Treated 1, and Treated 2+ cattle, respectively. Genes involved in the production of specialized resolving mediators (SPMs) decreased at D28 and then increased by D63 across all three cohorts. Accordingly, SPM production and alternative complement were differentially expressed between Healthy and Treated 2+ at D0, but not statistically different between the three groups by D63. Magnitude, but not directionality, of gene expression related to SPM production, alternative complement, and innate immune response signified Healthy and Treated 2+ cattle. Differences in gene expression at D63 across the three groups were related to oxygen binding and carrier activity, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cathelicidin production, and neutrophil degranulation, possibly indicating prolonged airway pathology and inflammation weeks after clinical treatment for BRD. These findings indicate genomic mechanisms indicative of BRD development and severity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Scott
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Robert Valeris-Chacin
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Alexis C Thompson
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Brandi B Karisch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
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2
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Mall MA, Davies JC, Donaldson SH, Jain R, Chalmers JD, Shteinberg M. Neutrophil serine proteases in cystic fibrosis: role in disease pathogenesis and rationale as a therapeutic target. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240001. [PMID: 39293854 PMCID: PMC11409056 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0001-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammation is a central feature in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis (BE), which can be caused by cystic fibrosis (CFBE; hereafter referred to as CF lung disease) and non-CF-related conditions (NCFBE). Inflammation in both CF lung disease and NCFBE is predominantly driven by neutrophils, which release proinflammatory cytokines and granule proteins, including neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). NSPs include neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G. An imbalance between NSPs and their antiproteases has been observed in people with CF lung disease and people with NCFBE. While the role of the protease/antiprotease imbalance is well established in both CF lung disease and NCFBE, effective therapies targeting NSPs are lacking. In recent years, the introduction of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy has immensely improved outcomes in many people with CF (pwCF). Despite this, evidence suggests that airway inflammation persists, even in pwCF treated with CFTR modulator therapy. In this review, we summarise current data on neutrophilic inflammation in CF lung disease to assess whether neutrophilic inflammation and high, uncontrolled NSP levels play similar roles in CF lung disease and in NCFBE. We discuss similarities between the neutrophilic inflammatory profiles of people with CF lung disease and NCFBE, potentially supporting a similar therapeutic approach. Additionally, we present evidence suggesting that neutrophilic inflammation persists in pwCF treated with CFTR modulator therapy, at levels similar to those in people with NCFBE. Collectively, these findings highlight the ongoing need for new treatment strategies targeting neutrophilic inflammation in CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane C Davies
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Scott H Donaldson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raksha Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Michal Shteinberg
- Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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3
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Cheetham CJ, McKelvey MC, McAuley DF, Taggart CC. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in Lung Inflammation: Old Players and New Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5492. [PMID: 38791530 PMCID: PMC11122108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived proteases are critical to the pathology of many inflammatory lung diseases, both chronic and acute. These abundant enzymes play roles in key neutrophil functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation and reactive oxygen species release. They may also be released, inducing tissue damage and loss of tissue function. Historically, the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) have been the main subject of neutrophil protease research. Despite highly promising cell-based and animal model work, clinical trials involving the inhibition of NSPs have shown mixed results in lung disease patients. As such, the cutting edge of neutrophil-derived protease research has shifted to proteases that have had little-to-no research in neutrophils to date. These include the cysteine and serine cathepsins, the metzincins and the calpains, among others. This review aims to outline the previous work carried out on NSPs, including the shortcomings of some of the inhibitor-orientated clinical trials. Our growing understanding of other proteases involved in neutrophil function and neutrophilic lung inflammation will then be discussed. Additionally, the potential of targeting these more obscure neutrophil proteases will be highlighted, as they may represent new targets for inhibitor-based treatments of neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Cheetham
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Daniel F. McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
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4
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Yang F, Zhu Y, Li X, Xiang F, Deng M, Zhang W, Song W, Sun H, Tang C. Identification of Protein-Phenol Adducts in Meat Proteins: A Molecular Probe Technology Study. Foods 2023; 12:4225. [PMID: 38231694 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols with a catechol structure can form covalent adducts with meat proteins, which affects the quality and processing of meat products. However, there is a lack of fast and effective methods of characterizing these adducts and understanding their mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the covalent interaction between myofibrillar protein (MP) and caffeic acid (CA), a plant polyphenol with a catechol structure, using molecular probe technology. The CA-MP adducts were separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and detected via Western blot and LC-MS/MS analyses. The Western blot analysis revealed that various specific adducts were successfully enriched and identified as bands around 220 kDa, 45 kDa, and two distinct bands between 95 and 130 kDa. Combined with the LC-MS/MS analysis, a total of 51 peptides were identified to be CA-adducted, corresponding to 31 proteins. More than 80% of the adducted peptides carried one adducted site, and the rest carried two adducted sites. The adducted sites were located on cysteine (C/Cys), histidine (H/His), arginine (R/Arg), lysine (K/Lys), proline (P/Pro), and N-terminal (N-Term) residues. Results showed that the covalent interaction of CA and MP was highly selective for the R side chain of amino acids. Moreover, the adducts were more likely to form via C-N bonding than C-S bonding. This study provides new insights into the covalent interaction of plant polyphenols and meat proteins, which has important implications for the rational use of plant polyphenols in the meat processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Magnetic Resonance Analysis Technology, Department of Food Nutrition and Test, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou 210005, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengtao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Moru Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Schaupp L, Addante A, Völler M, Fentker K, Kuppe A, Bardua M, Duerr J, Piehler L, Röhmel J, Thee S, Kirchner M, Ziehm M, Lauster D, Haag R, Gradzielski M, Stahl M, Mertins P, Boutin S, Graeber SY, Mall MA. Longitudinal effects of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on sputum viscoelastic properties, airway infection and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2202153. [PMID: 37414422 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02153-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that the triple combination cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) improves lung function and reduces pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with at least one F508del allele. However, effects of ETI on downstream consequences of CFTR dysfunction, i.e. abnormal viscoelastic properties of airway mucus, chronic airway infection and inflammation have not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the longitudinal effects of ETI on airway mucus rheology, microbiome and inflammation in CF patients with one or two F508del alleles aged ≥12 years throughout the first 12 months of therapy. METHODS In this prospective observational study, we assessed sputum rheology, the microbiome, inflammation markers and proteome before and 1, 3 and 12 months after initiation of ETI. RESULTS In total, 79 patients with CF and at least one F508del allele and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. ETI improved the elastic modulus and viscous modulus of CF sputum at 3 and 12 months after initiation (all p<0.01). Furthermore, ETI decreased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in CF sputum at 3 months and increased the microbiome α-diversity at all time points. In addition, ETI reduced interleukin-8 at 3 months (p<0.05) and free neutrophil elastase activity at all time points (all p<0.001), and shifted the CF sputum proteome towards healthy. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that restoration of CFTR function by ETI improves sputum viscoelastic properties, chronic airway infection and inflammation in CF patients with at least one F508del allele over the first 12 months of therapy; however, levels close to healthy were not reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schaupp
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- L. Schaupp, A. Addante, M. Völler and K. Fentker contributed equally as first authors
| | - Annalisa Addante
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- L. Schaupp, A. Addante, M. Völler and K. Fentker contributed equally as first authors
| | - Mirjam Völler
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- L. Schaupp, A. Addante, M. Völler and K. Fentker contributed equally as first authors
| | - Kerstin Fentker
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- L. Schaupp, A. Addante, M. Völler and K. Fentker contributed equally as first authors
| | - Aditi Kuppe
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bardua
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Duerr
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linus Piehler
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thee
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ziehm
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceuticals, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceuticals, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- P. Mertins, S. Boutin, S.Y. Graeber and M.A. Mall contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein/Campus, Lübeck, Germany
- P. Mertins, S. Boutin, S.Y. Graeber and M.A. Mall contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- P. Mertins, S. Boutin, S.Y. Graeber and M.A. Mall contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- P. Mertins, S. Boutin, S.Y. Graeber and M.A. Mall contributed equally as senior authors
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Afosah DK, Fayyad RM, Puliafico VR, Merrell S, Langmia EK, Diagne SR, Al-Horani RA, Desai UR. Homogeneous, Synthetic, Non-Saccharide Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics as Potent Inhibitors of Human Cathepsin G. Biomolecules 2023; 13:760. [PMID: 37238630 PMCID: PMC10216581 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin G (CatG) is a pro-inflammatory neutrophil serine protease that is important for host defense, and has been implicated in several inflammatory disorders. Hence, inhibition of CatG holds much therapeutic potential; however, only a few inhibitors have been identified to date, and none have reached clinical trials. Of these, heparin is a well-known inhibitor of CatG, but its heterogeneity and bleeding risk reduce its clinical potential. We reasoned that synthetic small mimetics of heparin, labeled as non-saccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics (NSGMs), would exhibit potent CatG inhibition while being devoid of bleeding risks associated with heparin. Hence, we screened a focused library of 30 NSGMs for CatG inhibition using a chromogenic substrate hydrolysis assay and identified nano- to micro-molar inhibitors with varying levels of efficacy. Of these, a structurally-defined, octasulfated di-quercetin NSGM 25 inhibited CatG with a potency of ~50 nM. NSGM 25 binds to CatG in an allosteric site through an approximately equal contribution of ionic and nonionic forces. Octasulfated 25 exhibits no impact on human plasma clotting, suggesting minimal bleeding risk. Considering that octasulfated 25 also potently inhibits two other pro-inflammatory proteases, human neutrophil elastase and human plasmin, the current results imply the possibility of a multi-pronged anti-inflammatory approach in which these proteases are likely to simultaneously likely combat important conditions, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, emphysema, or cystic fibrosis, with minimal bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Afosah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (R.M.F.)
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Rawan M. Fayyad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (R.M.F.)
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Valerie R. Puliafico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Spencer Merrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Eltice K. Langmia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Sophie R. Diagne
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (R.M.F.)
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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7
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Arnhold J. Host-Derived Cytotoxic Agents in Chronic Inflammation and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033016. [PMID: 36769331 PMCID: PMC9918110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At inflammatory sites, cytotoxic agents are released and generated from invading immune cells and damaged tissue cells. The further fate of the inflammation highly depends on the presence of antagonizing principles that are able to inactivate these host-derived cytotoxic agents. As long as the affected tissues are well equipped with ready-to-use protective mechanisms, no damage by cytotoxic agents occurs and resolution of inflammation is initiated. However, long-lasting and severe immune responses can be associated with the decline, exhaustion, or inactivation of selected antagonizing principles. Hence, cytotoxic agents are only partially inactivated and contribute to damage of yet-unperturbed cells. Consequently, a chronic inflammatory process results. In this vicious circle of permanent cell destruction, not only novel cytotoxic elements but also novel alarmins and antigens are liberated from affected cells. In severe cases, very low protection leads to organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock. In this review, the major classes of host-derived cytotoxic agents (reactive species, oxidized heme proteins and free heme, transition metal ions, serine proteases, matrix metalloproteases, and pro-inflammatory peptides), their corresponding protective principles, and resulting implications on the pathogenesis of diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Huang J, Cheng P, Xu C, Liew SS, He S, Zhang Y, Pu K. Chemiluminescent Probes with Long‐Lasting High Brightness for In Vivo Imaging of Neutrophils. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203235. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 636921 Singapore
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9
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Glasgow AMA, Greene CM. Epithelial damage in the cystic fibrosis lung: the role of host and microbial factors. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:737-748. [PMID: 35833354 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The airway epithelium is a key system within the lung. It acts as a physical barrier to inhaled factors, and can actively remove unwanted microbes and particles from the lung via the mucociliary escalator. On a physiological level, it senses the presence of pathogens and initiates innate immune responses to combat their effects. Hydration of the airways is also controlled by the epithelium. Within the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, these properties are suboptimal and contribute to the pulmonary manifestations of CF. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss how various host and microbial factors can contribute to airway epithelium dysfunction in the CF lung focusing on mechanisms relating to the mucociliary escalator and protease expression and function. We also explore how alterations in microRNA expression can impact the behavior of the airway epithelium. EXPERT OPINION Notwithstanding the unprecedented benefits that CFTR modulator drugs now provide to the health of CF sufferers, it will be important to delve more deeply into additional mechanisms underpinning CF lung disease such as those illustrated here in an attempt to counteract these aberrant processes and further enhance quality of life for people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M A Glasgow
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Huang J, Cheng P, Xu C, Liew SS, He S, Zhang Y, Pu K. Chemiluminescent Probes with Long‐Lasting High Brightness for In Vivo Imaging of Neutrophils. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Huang
- Nanyang Technological University Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Penghui Cheng
- Nanyang Technological University Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Cheng Xu
- Nanyang Technological University Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Si Si Liew
- Nanyang Technological University Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Shasha He
- Nanyang Technological University Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Yan Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology College of Life Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Kanyi Pu
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engieering 70 Nanyang Drive 637457 Singapore SINGAPORE
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11
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Scott JI, Mendive-Tapia L, Gordon D, Barth ND, Thompson EJ, Cheng Z, Taggart D, Kitamura T, Bravo-Blas A, Roberts EW, Juarez-Jimenez J, Michel J, Piet B, de Vries IJ, Verdoes M, Dawson J, Carragher NO, Connor RAO, Akram AR, Frame M, Serrels A, Vendrell M. A fluorogenic probe for granzyme B enables in-biopsy evaluation and screening of response to anticancer immunotherapies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2366. [PMID: 35501326 PMCID: PMC9061857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy promotes the attack of cancer cells by the immune system; however, it is difficult to detect early responses before changes in tumor size occur. Here, we report the rational design of a fluorogenic peptide able to detect picomolar concentrations of active granzyme B as a biomarker of immune-mediated anticancer action. Through a series of chemical iterations and molecular dynamics simulations, we synthesize a library of FRET peptides and identify probe H5 with an optimal fit into granzyme B. We demonstrate that probe H5 enables the real-time detection of T cell-mediated anticancer activity in mouse tumors and in tumors from lung cancer patients. Furthermore, we show image-based phenotypic screens, which reveal that the AKT kinase inhibitor AZD5363 shows immune-mediated anticancer activity. The reactivity of probe H5 may enable the monitoring of early responses to anticancer treatments using tissue biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I Scott
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicole D Barth
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily J Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhiming Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Taggart
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Jordi Juarez-Jimenez
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julien Michel
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Berber Piet
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - John Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard A O' Connor
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ahsan R Akram
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Margaret Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Serrels
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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12
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Lai X, Liu X, Cai X, Zou F. Vitamin D supplementation induces CatG-mediated CD4 + T cell inactivation and restores pancreatic β-cell function in mice with type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E74-E84. [PMID: 34779254 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00066.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease accompanied by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory effects of vitamin D (VD) supplementation on pancreatic β-cell function by altering the expression of bioinformatically identified cathepsin G (CatG) in T1D mice. A T1D mouse model was established in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, and their islets were isolated and purified. Pancreatic mononuclear cells (MNCs) were collected, from which CD4+ T cells were isolated. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the supernatant of mouse pancreatic tissue homogenate were assessed using ELISA. Immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelin (TUNEL) staining were conducted to evaluate the effects of VD supplementation on pancreatic tissues of T1D mice. The pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 was used for in vitro substantiation of findings in vivo. VD supplementation reduced glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance in T1D mice. Furthermore, VD supplementation improved pancreatic β-cell function and suppressed immunological and inflammatory reactions in the T1D mice. We documented overexpression of CatG in diabetes tissue samples, and then showed that VD supplementation normalized the islet immune microenvironment through downregulating CatG expression in T1D mice. Experiments in vitro subsequently demonstrated that VD supplementation impeded CD4+ T activation by downregulating CatG expression and thereby enhanced pancreatic β-cell function. Results of the present study elucidated that VD supplementation can downregulate the expression of CatG and inhibit CD4+ T cell activation, thereby improving β-cell function in T1D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that vitamin D (VD) supplementation downregulates CatG expression and inhibits CD4+ T cell activation, thereby improving β-cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study deepens our understanding of the pathogenesis of T1D and clarifies molecular events underlying the alleviatory effect of VD for immunotherapy against T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Rickert-Zacharias V, Schultz M, Mall MA, Schultz C. Visualization of Ectopic Serine Protease Activity by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Reporters. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2174-2184. [PMID: 34726893 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Channel-activating proteases (CAPs) play a fundamental role in the regulation of sodium transport across epithelial tissues mainly via cleavage-mediated fine-tuning of the activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Hyperactivity of CAPs and subsequently increased ENaC activity have been associated with various diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). To date, there is only a limited number of tools available to investigate CAP activity. Here, we developed ratiometric, peptide-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) reporters useful to visualize and quantify the activity of ectopic serine proteases including the CAPs prostasin and matriptase in human and murine samples in a temporally and spatially resolved manner. Lipidated varieties were inserted into the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane to detect enzyme activity on the surface of individual cells, that is, close to the protease substrates. The FRET reporters (termed CAPRee) selectively detected the activity of ectopic serine proteases such as CAPs in solution and on the surface of human and murine cells. We found increased CAP activity on the surface of cells with a genetic background of CF. The new reporters will contribute to a better understanding of ectopic serine protease activity and their regulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Rickert-Zacharias
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Collaboration for Joint Ph.D. Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Schultz
- Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated
Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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14
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The Inhibitory Effect of Noscapine on the In Vitro Cathepsin G-Induced Collagen Expression in Equine Endometrium. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101107. [PMID: 34685478 PMCID: PMC8539599 DOI: 10.3390/life11101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin G (CAT) is a protease released by neutrophils when forming neutrophil extracellular traps that was already associated with inducing type I collagen (COL1) in equine endometrium in vitro. Endometrosis is a fibrotic condition mainly characterized by COL1 deposition in the equine endometrium. The objective was to evaluate if noscapine (an alkaloid for cough treatment with anti-neoplastic and anti-fibrotic properties) would reduce COL1A2 transcription (evaluated by qPCR) and COL1 protein relative abundance (evaluated by western blot) induced by CAT in equine endometrial explants from follicular and mid-luteal phases treated for 24 or 48 h. The explants treated with CAT increased COL1 expression. Noscapine decreased COL1A2 transcription at both estrous cycle phases, but COL1 relative protein only at the follicular phase, both induced by CAT. Additionally, the noscapine anti-fibrotic action was found to be more effective in the follicular phase. The CAT treatment caused more fibrosis at the longest period of treatment, while noscapine acted better at the shortest time of treatment. Our results showed that noscapine could act as an anti-fibrotic drug in equine endometrosis by inhibiting CAT in vitro. Noscapine offers a new promising therapeutic tool for treating fibrosis as a single non-selective agent to be considered in the future.
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15
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McKelvey MC, Brown R, Ryan S, Mall MA, Weldon S, Taggart CC. Proteases, Mucus, and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5018. [PMID: 34065111 PMCID: PMC8125985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated protease activity has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and especially in conditions that display mucus obstruction, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, our appreciation of the roles of proteases in various aspects of such diseases continues to grow. Patients with muco-obstructive lung disease experience progressive spirals of inflammation, mucostasis, airway infection and lung function decline. Some therapies exist for the treatment of these symptoms, but they are unable to halt disease progression and patients may benefit from novel adjunct therapies. In this review, we highlight how proteases act as multifunctional enzymes that are vital for normal airway homeostasis but, when their activity becomes immoderate, also directly contribute to airway dysfunction, and impair the processes that could resolve disease. We focus on how proteases regulate the state of mucus at the airway surface, impair mucociliary clearance and ultimately, promote mucostasis. We discuss how, in parallel, proteases are able to promote an inflammatory environment in the airways by mediating proinflammatory signalling, compromising host defence mechanisms and perpetuating their own proteolytic activity causing structural lung damage. Finally, we discuss some possible reasons for the clinical inefficacy of protease inhibitors to date and propose that, especially in a combination therapy approach, proteases represent attractive therapeutic targets for muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Ryan Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sinéad Ryan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
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16
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Kasperkiewicz P. Peptidyl Activity-Based Probes for Imaging Serine Proteases. Front Chem 2021; 9:639410. [PMID: 33996745 PMCID: PMC8117214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Products of this breakdown mediate signaling in an enormous number of biological processes. Serine proteases constitute the most numerous group of proteases, accounting for 40%, and they are prevalent in many physiological functions, both normal and disease-related functions, making them one of the most important enzymes in humans. The activity of proteases is controlled at the expression level by posttranslational modifications and/or endogenous inhibitors. The study of serine proteases requires specific reagents not only for detecting their activity but also for their imaging. Such tools include inhibitors or substrate-related chemical molecules that allow the detection of proteolysis and visual observation of active enzymes, thus facilitating the characterization of the activity of proteases in the complex proteome. Peptidyl activity-based probes (ABPs) have been extensively studied recently, and this review describes the basic principles in the design of peptide-based imaging agents for serine proteases, provides examples of activity-based probe applications and critically discusses their strengths, weaknesses, challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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17
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Lentz CS. What you see is what you get: activity-based probes in single-cell analysis of enzymatic activities. Biol Chem 2021; 401:233-248. [PMID: 31939273 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging methods can provide spatio-temporal information about the distribution of biomolecules or biological processes, such as certain enzymatic activities, in single cells. Within a cell, it is possible to define the subcellular location of a target, its trafficking through the cell, colocalization with other biomolecules of interest and involvement in certain cell biological processes. On the other hand, single-cell imaging promises to distinguish cells that are phenotypically different from each other. The corresponding cellular diversity comprises the presence of functionally distinct cells in a population ('phenotypic heterogeneity'), as well as dynamic cellular responses to external stimuli ('phenotypic plasticity'), which is highly relevant, e.g. during cell differentiation, activation (of immune cells), or cell death. This review focuses on applications of a certain class of chemical probes, the so-called activity-based probes (ABPs), for visualization of enzymatic activities in the single-cell context. It discusses the structure of ABPs and other chemical probes, exemplary applications of ABPs in single-cell studies in human, mouse and bacterial systems and considerations to be made with regard to data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Lentz
- Department of Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38102 Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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Guerra M, Halls VS, Schatterny J, Hagner M, Mall MA, Schultz C. Protease FRET Reporters Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20299-20305. [PMID: 33186023 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consist of DNA released by terminally stimulated neutrophils. They fine-tune inflammation, kill pathogens, activate macrophages, contribute to airway mucus obstruction in cystic fibrosis, and facilitate tumor metastasis after dormancy. Neutrophil proteases such as elastase (NE) and cathepsin G (CG) attach to NETs and contribute to the diverse immune outcome. However, because of the lack of suitable tools, little spatiotemporal information on protease activities on NETs is available in a pathophysiological context to date. Here, we present H-NE and H-CG, two FRET-based reporters armed with a DNA minor groove binder, which monitor DNA-bound NE and CG activity, respectively. The probes revealed that only NE maintains its catalytic ability when localized to DNA. Further, we demonstrated elevated protease activity within the extracellular DNA of sputum from cystic fibrosis patients. Finally, H-NE showed NE activity at single-cell and free DNA resolution within mouse lung slices, a difficult to achieve task with available substrate-based reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Guerra
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Collaboration for Joint Ph.D. Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria S Halls
- Dept. of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jolanthe Schatterny
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hagner
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dept. of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dept. of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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19
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Huey J, Keutler K, Schultz C. Chemical Biology Toolbox for Studying Pancreatic Islet Function - A Perspective. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1015-1031. [PMID: 32822616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans represent one of the many complex endocrine organs in mammals. Traditionally, islet function is studied by a mixture of physiological, cell biological, and molecular biological methods. Recently, novel techniques stemming from the ever-increasing toolbox provided by chemical laboratories have been added to the repertoire. Many emerging techniques will soon be available to manipulate and monitor islet function at the single-cell level and potentially in intact model animals, as well as in isolated human islets. Here, we review the most current small-molecule-based and genetically encoded molecular tool sets available to study islet function. We provide an outlook regarding future tool developments that will impact islet research, with a special focus on the interplay between different islet cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huey
- Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Kaya Keutler
- Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
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20
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Hagner M, Frey DL, Guerra M, Dittrich AS, Halls VS, Wege S, Herth FJF, Schultz C, Mall MA. New method for rapid and dynamic quantification of elastase activity on sputum neutrophils from patients with cystic fibrosis using flow cytometry. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.02355-2019. [PMID: 32139467 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02355-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hagner
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Equal contribution
| | - Dario L Frey
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Equal contribution
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany.,Equal contribution
| | - A Susanne Dittrich
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria S Halls
- Dept of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sabine Wege
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Equal contribution as senior author
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany .,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Equal contribution as senior author
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Neutrophil Adaptations upon Recruitment to the Lung: New Concepts and Implications for Homeostasis and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030851. [PMID: 32013006 PMCID: PMC7038180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have a prominent role in all human immune responses against any type of pathogen or stimulus. The lungs are a major neutrophil reservoir and neutrophilic inflammation is a primary response to both infectious and non-infectious challenges. While neutrophils are well known for their essential role in clearance of bacteria, they are also equipped with specific mechanisms to counter viruses and fungi. When these defense mechanisms become aberrantly activated in the absence of infection, this commonly results in debilitating chronic lung inflammation. Clearance of bacteria by phagocytosis is the hallmark role of neutrophils and has been studied extensively. New studies on neutrophil biology have revealed that this leukocyte subset is highly adaptable and fulfills diverse roles. Of special interest is how these adaptations can impact the outcome of an immune response in the lungs due to their potent capacity for clearing infection and causing damage to host tissue. The adaptability of neutrophils and their propensity to influence the outcome of immune responses implicates them as a much-needed target of future immunomodulatory therapies. This review highlights the recent advances elucidating the mechanisms of neutrophilic inflammation, with a focus on the lung environment due to the immense and growing public health burden of chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute lung inflammatory diseases such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
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Balázs A, Mall MA. Mucus obstruction and inflammation in early cystic fibrosis lung disease: Emerging role of the IL-1 signaling pathway. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54 Suppl 3:S5-S12. [PMID: 31715090 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucus plugging constitutes a nutrient-rich nidus for a bacterial infection that has long been recognized as a potent stimulus for neutrophilic airway inflammation driving progressive lung damage in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, mucus plugging and neutrophilic inflammation are already present in many infants and young children with CF even in the absence of detectable bacterial infection. A series of observational studies in young children with CF, as well as investigations in animal models with CF-like lung disease support the concept that mucus plugging per se can trigger inflammation before the onset of airways infection. Here we review emerging evidence suggesting that activation of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling pathway by hypoxic epithelial cell necrosis, leading to the release of IL-1α in mucus-obstructed airways, may be an important mechanistic link between mucus plugging and sterile airway inflammation in early CF lung disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent data from preclinical studies demonstrating that treatment with the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist anakinra has anti-inflammatory as well as mucus modulating effects in mice with CF-like lung disease and primary cultures of human CF airway epithelia. Collectively, these studies support an important role of the IL-1 signaling pathway in sterile neutrophilic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion and suggest inhibition of this pathway as a promising anti-inflammatory strategy in patients with CF and potentially other muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balázs
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
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