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Fleming CL, Benitez-Martin C, Bernson E, Xu Y, Kristenson L, Inghardt T, Lundbäck T, Thorén FB, Grøtli M, Andréasson J. All-photonic kinase inhibitors: light-controlled release-and-report inhibition. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6897-6905. [PMID: 38725520 PMCID: PMC11077529 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-responsive molecular tools targeting kinases affords one the opportunity to study the underlying cellular function of selected kinases. In efforts to externally control lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) activity, the development of release-and-report LCK inhibitors is described, in which (i) the release of the active kinase inhibitor can be controlled externally with light; and (ii) fluorescence is employed to report both the release and binding of the active kinase inhibitor. This introduces an unprecedented all-photonic method for users to both control and monitor real-time inhibitory activity. A functional cellular assay demonstrated light-mediated LCK inhibition in natural killer cells. The use of coumarin-derived caging groups resulted in rapid cellular uptake and non-specific intracellular localisation, while a BODIPY-derived caging group predominately localised in the cellular membrane. This concept of release-and-report inhibitors has the potential to be extended to other biorelevant targets where both spatiotemporal control in a cellular setting and a reporting mechanism would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Göteborg Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Box 462 SE-40530 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Carlos Benitez-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Elin Bernson
- TIMM Laboratory at Sahlgrenska Centre for Cancer Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg SE-41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Box 462 SE-40530 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Linnea Kristenson
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Centre for Cancer Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg SE-41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Tord Inghardt
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca SE-43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca SE-43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Fredrik B Thorén
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Centre for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg SE-41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Box 462 SE-40530 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Göteborg Sweden
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Kauth AM, Niebuhr R, Ravoo BJ. Arylazopyrazoles for Conjugation by CuAAC Click Chemistry. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6371-6376. [PMID: 38619381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches are increasingly being implemented in bioactive compounds and responsive materials. For this purpose, photoswitches must be coupled to a wide variety of substrates and scaffolds. We present a library of "clickable" arylazopyrazoles (AAPs), which can be conjugated by Cu-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). All synthesized AAP alkynes show good photostationary states (at least 88%) and long half-life times of the Z-isomer (18 to 108 h). The AAP azides decompose upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, but after CuAAC, all AAPs exhibit good photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa-Maite Kauth
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rebecca Niebuhr
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Zhao Y, Huang Q, Li Q, Chen Z, Liu Y. Bidirectional Regulation of Intracellular Enzyme Activity Using Light-Driven Nano-Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318533. [PMID: 38196066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Photochemical regulation provides precise control over enzyme activities with high spatiotemporal resolution. A promising approach involves anchoring "photoswitches" at enzyme active sites to modulate substrate recognition. However, current methods often require genetic mutations and irreversible enzyme modifications for the site-specific anchoring of "photoswitches", potentially compromising the enzyme activities. Herein, we present a pioneering reversible nano-inhibitor based on molecular imprinting technique for bidirectional regulation of intracellular enzyme activity. The nano-inhibitor employs a molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle as its body and azobenzene-modified inhibitors ("photoswitches") as the arms. By using a target enzyme as the molecular template, the nano-inhibitor acquires oriented binding sites on its surface, resulting in a high affinity for the target enzyme and non-covalently firm anchoring of the azobenzene-modified inhibitor to the enzyme active site. Harnessing the reversible isomerization of azobenzene units upon exposure to ultraviolet and visible light, the nano-inhibitor achieves bidirectional enzyme activity regulation by precisely docking and undocking inhibitor at the active site. Notably, this innovative approach enables the facile in situ regulation of intracellular endogenous enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase. Our results represent a practical and versatile tool for precise enzyme activity regulation in complex intracellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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