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Das BC, Chokkalingam P, Shareef MA, Shukla S, Das S, Saito M, Weiss LM. Methionine aminopeptidases: Potential therapeutic target for microsporidia and other microbes. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13036. [PMID: 39036929 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) have emerged as a target for medicinal chemists in the quest for novel therapeutic agents for treating cancer, obesity, and other disorders. Methionine aminopeptidase is a metalloenzyme with two structurally distinct forms in humans, MetAP-1 and MetAP-2. The MetAP2 inhibitor fumagillin, which was used as an amebicide in the 1950s, has been used for the successful treatment of microsporidiosis in humans; however, it is no longer commercially available. Despite significant efforts and investments by many pharmaceutical companies, no new MetAP inhibitors have been approved for the clinic. Several lead compounds have been designed and synthesized by researchers as potential inhibitors of MetAP and evaluated for their potential activity in a wide range of diseases. MetAP inhibitors such as fumagillin, TNP-470, beloranib, and reversible inhibitors and their analogs guide new prospects for MetAP inhibitor development in the ongoing quest for new pharmacological indications. This perspective provides insights into recent advances related to MetAP, as a potential therapeutic target in drug discovery, bioactive small molecule MetAP2 inhibitors, and data on the role of MetAP-2 as a therapeutic target for microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Parthiban Chokkalingam
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mohammed Adil Shareef
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Srushti Shukla
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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2
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Rubina, Moin ST. Attempting Well-Tempered Funnel Metadynamics Simulations for the Evaluation of the Binding Kinetics of Methionine Aminopeptidase-II Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7729-7743. [PMID: 38059911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the unbinding kinetics of protein-ligand complexes is considered a significant approach for the design of ligands with desired specificity and safety. In recent years, enhanced sampling methods have emerged as effective tools for studying the unbinding kinetics of protein-ligand complexes at the atomistic level. MetAP-II is a target for the treatment of cancer for which not a single effective drug is available yet. The identification of the dissociation rate of ligands from the complexes often serves as a better predictor for in vivo efficacy than the ligands' binding affinity. Here, funnel-based restraint well-tempered metadynamics simulations were applied to predict the residence time of two ligands bound to MetAP-II, along with the ligand association and dissociation mechanism involving the identification of the binding hotspot during ligand egress. The ligand-egressing route revealed by metadynamics simulations also correlated with the identified pathways from the CAVER analysis and by the enhanced sampling simulation using PLUMED. Ligand 1 formed a strong H-bond interaction with GLU364 estimating a higher residence time of 28.22 ± 5.29 ns in contrast to ligand 2 with a residence time of 19.05 ± 3.58 ns, which easily dissociated from the binding pocket of MetAP-II. The results obtained from the simulations were consistent to reveal ligand 1 being superior to ligand 2; however, the experimental data related to residence time were close for both ligands, and no kinetic data were available for ligand 2. The current study could be considered the first attempt to apply an enhanced sampling method for the evaluation of the binding kinetics and thermodynamics of two different classes of ligands to a binuclear metalloprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina
- Third World Center for Science and Technology H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tarique Moin
- Third World Center for Science and Technology H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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3
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Teixeira WKO, de Albuquerque DY, Zukerman-Schpector J, Seckler D, Rampon DS, Schwab RS. Copper-Mediated Intramolecular Interrupted CuAAC Selanylation. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
We, herein, describe a copper-mediated domino CuAAC intramolecular selanylation for the synthesis of unprecedented fused benzo[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-c][1,2,3]triazoles from 1,2-bis(2-azidoaryl)diselenides and terminal alkynes under microwave irradiation. This is the seminal method for the synthesis of these fused heterocycles, and it proceeds under mild conditions, tolerates several functional groups, and can be carried out using environmentally benign solvents such as dimethyl carbonate. This transformation has been successfully extended to TMS-protected alkynes and to bioactive alkynes. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed based on several control experiments and previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wystan K O Teixeira
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Yano de Albuquerque
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Zukerman-Schpector
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Seckler
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, P. O. Box 19061, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Rampon
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, P. O. Box 19061, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Schwab
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Paria P, Tassanakajon A. Identification of Potential Druggable Targets and Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Drug-like Molecules against the Shrimp Pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021412. [PMID: 36674953 PMCID: PMC9867128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) causes slow growth syndrome in shrimp, resulting in huge economic losses for the global shrimp industry. Despite worldwide reports, there are no effective therapeutics for controlling EHP infections. In this study, five potential druggable targets of EHP, namely, aquaporin (AQP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthase, thymidine kinase (TK), methionine aminopeptidase2 (MetAP2), and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), were identified via functional classification of the whole EHP proteome. The three-dimensional structures of the proteins were constructed using the artificial-intelligence-based program AlphaFold 2. Following the prediction of druggable sites, the ZINC15 and ChEMBL databases were screened against targets using docking-based virtual screening. Molecules with affinity scores ≥ 7.5 and numbers of interactions ≥ 9 were initially selected and subsequently enriched based on their ADMET properties and electrostatic complementarities. Five compounds were finally selected against each target based on their complex stabilities and binding energies. The compounds CHEMBL3703838, CHEMBL2132563, and CHEMBL133039 were selected against AQP; CHEMBL1091856, CHEMBL1162979, and CHEMBL525202 against CTP synthase; CHEMBL4078273, CHEMBL1683320, and CHEMBL3674540 against TK; CHEMBL340488, CHEMBL1966988, and ZINC000828645375 against DHFR; and CHEMBL3913373, ZINC000016682972, and CHEMBL3142997 against MetAP2.The compounds exhibited high stabilities and low binding free energies, indicating their abilities to suppress EHP infections; however, further validation is necessary for determining their efficacy.
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Dahlén AD, Dashi G, Maslov I, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Trukhan V, Schiöth HB. Trends in Antidiabetic Drug Discovery: FDA Approved Drugs, New Drugs in Clinical Trials and Global Sales. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:807548. [PMID: 35126141 PMCID: PMC8807560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.807548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to be a substantial medical problem due to its increasing global prevalence and because chronic hyperglycemic states are closely linked with obesity, liver disease and several cardiovascular diseases. Since the early discovery of insulin, numerous antihyperglycemic drug therapies to treat diabetes have been approved, and also discontinued, by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To provide an up-to-date account of the current trends of antidiabetic pharmaceuticals, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of the main classes of antihyperglycemic compounds and their mechanisms: insulin types, biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides (glinides), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs), thiazolidinediones (TZD), incretin-dependent therapies, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and combinations thereof. The number of therapeutic alternatives to treat T2DM are increasing and now there are nearly 60 drugs approved by the FDA. Beyond this there are nearly 100 additional antidiabetic agents being evaluated in clinical trials. In addition to the standard treatments of insulin therapy and metformin, there are new drug combinations, e.g., containing metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, that have gained substantial use during the last decade. Furthermore, there are several interesting alternatives, such as lobeglitazone, efpeglenatide and tirzepatide, in ongoing clinical trials. Modern drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors have gained popularity on the pharmaceutical market, while less expensive over the counter alternatives are increasing in developing economies. The large heterogeneity of T2DM is also creating a push towards more personalized and accessible treatments. We describe several interesting alternatives in ongoing clinical trials, which may help to achieve this in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D. Dahlén
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Dashi
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Trukhan
- Russia Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Russia Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Helgi B. Schiöth,
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6
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Shindo N, Ojida A. Recent progress in covalent warheads for in vivo targeting of endogenous proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 47:116386. [PMID: 34509863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Covalent drugs exert potent and durable activity by chemical modification of the endogenous target protein in vivo. To maximize the pharmacological efficacy while alleviating the risk of toxicity due to nonspecific off-target reactions, current covalent drug discovery focuses on the development of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs), wherein a reactive group (warhead) is strategically incorporated onto a reversible ligand of the target protein to facilitate specific covalent engagement. Various aspects of warheads, such as intrinsic reactivity, chemoselectivity, mode of reaction, and reversibility of the covalent engagement, would affect the target selectivity of TCIs. Although TCIs clinically approved to date largely rely on Michael acceptor-type electrophiles for cysteine targeting, a wide array of novel warheads have been devised and tested in TCI development in recent years. In this short review, we provide an overview of recent progress in chemistry for selective covalent targeting of proteins and their applications in TCI designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Shindo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Japan.
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Goya Grocin A, Kallemeijn WW, Tate EW. Targeting methionine aminopeptidase 2 in cancer, obesity, and autoimmunity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:870-882. [PMID: 34446297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For over three decades, methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) has been a tentative drug target for the treatment of cancer, obesity, and autoimmune diseases. Currently, no MetAP2 inhibitors (MetAP2i) have reached the clinic yet, despite considerable investment by major pharmaceutical companies. Here, we summarize the key series of MetAP2i developed to date and discuss their clinical development, progress, and issues. We coalesce the currently disparate knowledge regarding MetAP2i mechanism of action and discuss discrepancies across varied studies. Finally, we highlight the current knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to enable successful development of MetAP2 inhibitors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Goya Grocin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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8
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Albayati S, Uba AI, Yelekçi K. Potential inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidase type II identified via structure-based pharmacophore modeling. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1005-1016. [PMID: 33846894 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2) is a metal-containing enzyme that removes initiator methionine from the N-terminus of a newly synthesized protein. Inhibition of the enzyme is crucial in diminishing cancer growth and metastasis. Fumagillin-a natural irreversible inhibitor of MetAP2-and its derivatives are used as potent MetAP2 inhibitors. However, because of their adverse effects, none of them has progressed to clinical studies. In search for potential reversible inhibitors, we built structure-based pharmacophore models using the crystal structure of MetAP2 complexed with fumagillin (PDB ID: 1BOA). The pharmacophore models were validated using Gunner-Henry scoring method. The best pharmacophore consisting of 1 H-bond donor, 1 H-bond acceptor, and 3 hydrophobic features was used to conduct pharmacophore-based virtual screening of ZINC15 database against MetAP2. The top 10 compounds with pharmacophore fit values > 3.00 were selected for further analysis. These compounds were subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction and found to have druglike properties. Furthermore, molecular docking calculations was performed on these hits using AutoDock4 to predict their binding mode and binding energy. Three diverse compounds: ZINC000014903160, ZINC000040174591, and ZINC000409110720 with respective binding energy/docking scores of - 9.22, - 9.21, and -817 kcal/mol, were submitted to 100 ns (MD) simulations using Nanoscale MD (NAMD) software. The compounds showed stable binding mode over time. Therefore, they may serve as a scaffold for further computational and experimental optimization toward the design of more potent and safer MetAP2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safana Albayati
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Kadir Has University, 34083 Cibali Campus Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Kadir Has University, 34083 Cibali Campus Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.,Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kemal Yelekçi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Kadir Has University, 34083 Cibali Campus Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds are incorporated in various approved drugs and drug candidates. The increasing interest in less planar bioactive compounds has given rise to the development of synthetic methodologies for the preparation of spirocyclic scaffolds. In this Perspective, we summarize the diverse synthetic routes to obtain spirocyclic systems. The impact of spirocycles on potency and selectivity, including the aspect of stereochemistry, is discussed. Furthermore, we examine the changes in physicochemical properties as well as in in vitro and in vivo ADME using selected studies that compare spirocyclic compounds to their nonspirocyclic counterparts. In conclusion, the value of spirocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Gharpure SJ, Naveen S, Chavan RS, Padmaja. Regioselective Synthesis of Halotriazoles and their Utility in Metal Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J. Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Sudi Naveen
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Rupali S. Chavan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Padmaja
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
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11
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Tatevosyan SS, Kotovshchikov YN, Latyshev GV, Erzunov DA, Sokolova DV, Beletskaya IP, Lukashev NV. A Route to Triazole-Fused Sultams via Metal-Free Base-Mediated Cyclization of Sulfonamide-Tethered 5-Iodotriazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7863-7876. [PMID: 32438811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient direct approach to triazole-fused sultams has been developed. The key step of the proposed strategy is base-mediated cyclization of sulfonamide-tethered 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles which are readily available via an improved protocol for Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The annulation of the sultam fragment to the triazole ring proceeds smoothly under transition-metal-free conditions in the presence of Cs2CO3 in dioxane at 100 °C and affords fused heterocycles in high yields up to 99%. The favorability of an SNAr-like mechanism for the cyclization was supported by DFT calculations. The applicability of the developed procedure to modification of natural compounds was demonstrated by preparation of a deoxycholic acid derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan S Tatevosyan
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yury N Kotovshchikov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gennadij V Latyshev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Erzunov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow 117198, Russia.,N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Lukashev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Weako J, Uba AI, Keskin Ö, Gürsoy A, Yelekçi K. Identification of potential inhibitors of human methionine aminopeptidase (type II) for cancer therapy: Structure-based virtual screening, ADMET prediction and molecular dynamics studies. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 86:107244. [PMID: 32252002 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Methionine Aminopeptidases MetAPs are divalent-cofactor dependent enzymes that are responsible for the cleavage of the initiator Methionine from the nascent polypeptides. MetAPs are classified into two isoforms: namely, MetAP1 and MetAP2. Several studies have revealed that MetAP2 is upregulated in various cancers, and its inhibition has shown to suppress abnormal or excessive blood vessel formation and tumor growth in model organisms. Clinical studies show that the natural product fumagillin, and its analogs are potential inhibitors of MetAP2. However, due to their poor pharmacokinetic properties and neurotoxicities in clinical studies, their further developments have received a great setback. Here, we apply structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics methods to identify a new class of potential inhibitors for MetAP2. We screened Otava's Chemical Library, which consists of about 3 200 000 tangible-chemical compounds, and meticulously selected the top 10 of these compounds based on their inhibitory potentials against MetAP2. The top hit compounds subjected to ADMET predictor using 3 independent ADMET prediction programs, were found to be drug-like. To examine the stability of ligand binding mode, and efficacy, the unbound form of MetAP2, its complexes with fumagillin, spiroepoxytriazole, and the best promising compounds compound-3369841 and compound-3368818 were submitted to 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. Like fumagillin, spiroepoxytriazole, and both compound-3369841 and compound-3368818 showed stable binding mode over time during the simulations. Taken together, these uninherited-fumagillin compounds may serve as new class of inhibitors or provide scaffolds for further optimization towards the design of more potent MetAP2 inhibitors -development of such inhibitors would be essential strategy against various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Weako
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Kadir Has University, 34083 Cibali Campus Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey; Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Koç University 34083 Rumelifeneri Mahallesi, Sariyer Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Kadir Has University, 34083 Cibali Campus Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey; Complex System Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Özlem Keskin
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Koç University 34083 Rumelifeneri Mahallesi, Sariyer Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Attila Gürsoy
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Koç University 34083 Rumelifeneri Mahallesi, Sariyer Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Yelekçi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Kadir Has University, 34083 Cibali Campus Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Farrell PJ, Zopf CJ, Huang HJ, Balakrishna D, Holub C, Bilakovics J, Fanjul A, Matuszkiewicz J, Plonowski A, Rolzin P, Banerjee U, Ermolieff J, Cheruvallath ZS, McBride C, Bartkowski D, Mazur C, Pachori A, Larson CJ. Using Target Engagement Biomarkers to Predict Clinical Efficacy of MetAP2 Inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:299-308. [PMID: 31537613 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Target-engagement pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers are valuable tools in the prioritization of drug candidates, especially for novel, first-in-class mechanisms whose robustness to alter disease outcome is unknown. Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) is a cytosolic metalloenzyme that cleaves the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. Inhibition of MetAP2 leads to weight loss in obese rodents, dogs and humans. However, there is a need to develop efficacious compounds that specifically inhibit MetAP2 with an improved safety profile. The objective of this study was to identify a PD biomarker for selecting potent, efficacious compounds and for predicting clinical efficacy that would result from inhibition of MetAP2. Here we report the use of NMet14-3-3γ for this purpose. Treatment of primary human cells with MetAP2 inhibitors resulted in an approx. 10-fold increase in NMet14-3-3γ levels. Furthermore, treatment of diet-induced obese mice with these compounds reduced body weight (approx. 20%) and increased NMet14-3-3γ (approx. 15-fold) in adipose tissues. The effects on target engagement and body weight increased over time and were dependent on dose and administration frequency of compound. The relationship between compound concentration in plasma, NMet14-3-3γ in tissue, and reduction of body weight in obese mice was used to generate a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-efficacy model for predicting efficacy of MetAP2 inhibitors in mice. We also developed a model for predicting weight loss in humans using a target engagement PD assay that measures inhibitor-bound MetAP2 in blood. In summary, MetAP2 target engagement biomarkers can be used to select efficacious compounds and predict weight loss in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The application of target engagement pharmacodynamic biomarkers during drug development provides a means to determine the dose required to fully engage the intended target and an approach to connect the drug target to physiological effects. This work exemplifies the process of using target engagement biomarkers during preclinical research to select new drug candidates and predict clinical efficacy. We determine concentration of MetAP2 antiobesity compounds needed to produce pharmacological activity in primary human cells and in target tissues from an appropriate animal model and establish key relationships between pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy, including the duration of effects after drug administration. The biomarkers described here can aid decision-making in early clinical trials of MetAP2 inhibitors for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Farrell
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Christopher J Zopf
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Huey-Jing Huang
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Deepika Balakrishna
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Corine Holub
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - James Bilakovics
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Andrea Fanjul
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Jennifer Matuszkiewicz
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Artur Plonowski
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Paul Rolzin
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Urmi Banerjee
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Jacques Ermolieff
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Zacharia S Cheruvallath
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Christopher McBride
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Darian Bartkowski
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Crystal Mazur
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Alok Pachori
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
| | - Christopher J Larson
- Biological Sciences (P.J.F., H.-J.H., De.B., C.H., J.B., A.F., J.M., A.Pl., P.R., U.B., J.E., C.J.L.), Chemistry (Z.S.C., C.Mc.), and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Da.B.), Takeda California, San Diego, California; Modeling and Simulation, Takeda Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts (C.J.Z.); and Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital Campus, Orlando, Florida (C.Ma., A.Pa.)
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Ray S, Murkin AS. New Electrophiles and Strategies for Mechanism-Based and Targeted Covalent Inhibitor Design. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5234-5244. [PMID: 30990686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors are experiencing a growing resurgence in drug design and are an increasingly useful tool in molecular biology. The ability to attach inhibitors to their targets by a covalent linkage offers pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic advantages, but this can also be a liability if undesired off-target reactions are not mitigated. The discovery of new electrophilic groups that react selectively with specific amino acid residues is therefore highly desirable in the design of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs). Additionally, the ability to control the reactivity through exploitation of the target enzyme's machinery, as in mechanism-based inhibitors (MBIs), greatly benefits from the discovery of new strategies. This Perspective showcases recent advances in electrophile development and their application in TCIs and MBIs, exhibiting high selectivity for their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ray
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Andrew S Murkin
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
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15
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Gehringer M, Laufer SA. Emerging and Re-Emerging Warheads for Targeted Covalent Inhibitors: Applications in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5673-5724. [PMID: 30565923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) are designed to bind poorly conserved amino acids by means of reactive groups, the so-called warheads. Currently, targeting noncatalytic cysteine residues with acrylamides and other α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is the predominant strategy in TCI development. The recent ascent of covalent drugs has stimulated considerable efforts to characterize alternative warheads for the covalent-reversible and irreversible engagement of noncatalytic cysteine residues as well as other amino acids. This Perspective article provides an overview of warheads-beyond α,β-unsaturated amides-recently used in the design of targeted covalent ligands. Promising reactive groups that have not yet demonstrated their utility in TCI development are also highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of reactivity and of case studies illustrating applications in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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16
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Węglarz-Tomczak E, Talma M, Giurg M, Westerhoff HV, Janowski R, Mucha A. Neutral metalloaminopeptidases APN and MetAP2 as newly discovered anticancer molecular targets of actinomycin D and its simple analogs. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29365-29378. [PMID: 30034623 PMCID: PMC6047675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potent transcription inhibitor Actinomycin D is used with several cancers. Here, we report the discovery that this naturally occurring antibiotic inhibits two human neutral aminopeptidases, the cell-surface alanine aminopeptidase and intracellular methionine aminopeptidase type 2. These metallo-containing exopeptidases participate in tumor cell expansion and motility and are targets for anticancer therapies. We show that the peptide portions of Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2 are not required for effective inhibition, but the loss of these regions changes the mechanism of interaction. Two structurally less complex Actinomycin D analogs containing the phenoxazone chromophores, Questiomycin A and Actinocin, appear to be competitive inhibitors of both aminopeptidases, with potencies similar to the non-competitive macrocyclic parent compound (Ki in the micromolar range). The mode of action for all four compounds and both enzymes was demonstrated by molecular modeling and docking in the corresponding active sites. This knowledge gives new perspectives to Actinomycin D's action on tumors and suggests new avenues and molecules for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Węglarz-Tomczak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.,Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michał Talma
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mirosław Giurg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Han J, Tang Y, Lu M, Hua H. Comprehensive comparison of MetAP2 tissue and cellular expression pattern in lean and obese rodents. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:565-577. [PMID: 30319281 PMCID: PMC6167978 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s171109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) cleaves the initiator methionine from nascent peptides during translation. In both preclinical and clinical studies, the pharmacological inhibition of MetAP2 in obese subjects results in the suppression of food intake and body weight loss. However, the mechanism of action of body weight loss caused by MetAP2 inhibition remains to be elucidated, and the sites of action by pharmacological MetAP2 inhibition remain unknown. METHODS In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the MetAP2 expression pattern in mice was performed. RESULTS Except for the relatively low expression in adipose tissues, MetAP2 protein was well-expressed in tissues important for metabolism, including liver, whole brain, skeletal muscle and intestine tissues. In comparison to lean mice, MetAP2 mRNA level was elevated in the intestines of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. At the cellular level, MetAP2 exhibited a distinct high expression in central and peripheral neurons, as well as in epithelial cells lining both the small intestine and colon. In the liver of lean mice, MetAP2 protein exhibited punctate staining, which was enriched in zone three hepatocytes surrounding the central veins. In contrast, MetAP2 expression was diffuse in the liver of DIO mice. Furthermore, MetAP2 was highly expressed in immune cells that infiltrated DIO livers. CONCLUSION Overall, these results delineate the MetAP2 expression at both tissue and cellular levels and highlight the altered MetAP2 expression under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Yang Tang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Mingjian Lu
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Haiqing Hua
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
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18
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Holland-Letz T, Kopp-Schneider A. Optimal experimental designs for estimating the drug combination index in toxicology. Comput Stat Data Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Holland-Letz T, Gunkel N, Amtmann E, Kopp-Schneider A. Parametric modeling and optimal experimental designs for estimating isobolograms for drug interactions in toxicology. J Biopharm Stat 2017; 28:763-777. [PMID: 29173022 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2017.1397005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In toxicology and related areas, interaction effects between two substances are commonly expressed through a combination index [Formula: see text] evaluated separately at different effect levels and mixture ratios. Often, these indices are combined into a graphical representation, the isobologram. Instead of estimating the combination indices at the experimental mixture ratios only, we propose a simple parametric model for estimating the underlying interaction function. We integrate this approach into a joint model where both the parameters of the dose-response functions of the singular substances and the interaction parameters can be estimated simultaneously. As an additional benefit, this concept allows to determine optimal statistical designs for combination studies optimizing the estimation of the interaction function as a whole. From an optimal design perspective, finding the interaction parameters generally corresponds to a [Formula: see text]-optimality resp. [Formula: see text]-optimality design problem, while estimation of all underlying dose response parameters corresponds to a [Formula: see text]-optimality design problem. We show how optimal designs can be obtained in either case as well as how combination designs providing reasonable performance in regard to both criteria can be determined by putting a constraint on the efficiency in regard to one of the criteria and optimizing for the other. As all designs require prior information about model parameter values, which may be unreliable in practice, the effect of misspecifications is investigated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Holland-Letz
- a Division of Biostatistics , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nikolas Gunkel
- b Division of Cancer Drug Development , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Eberhard Amtmann
- b Division of Cancer Drug Development , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
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20
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Elfers CT, Roth CL. Robust Reductions of Excess Weight and Hyperphagia by Beloranib in Rat Models of Genetic and Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:41-55. [PMID: 27849360 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic lesions or deficient melanocortin (MC) signaling via MC4 receptor (MC4r) mutations often lead to hyperphagia and severe treatment-resistant obesity. We tested the methionine aminopeptidase 2-inhibitor beloranib (ZGN-440) in 2 male rat models of obesity, one modeling hypothalamic obesity with a combined medial hypothalamic lesion (CMHL) and the other modeling a monogenic form of obesity with MC4r mutations (MC4r knockout [MC4rKO]). In CMHL rats (age 3 months), postsurgery excess weight gain was significantly inhibited (ZGN-440, 0.2 ± 0.7 g/d; vehicle, 3.8 ± 0.6 g/d; P < 0.001) during 12 days of ZGN-440 treatment (0.1 mg/kg daily subcutaneously) together with a 30% reduction of daily food intake vs vehicle injection. In addition, ZGN-440 treatment improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma insulin, and circulating levels of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone were increased. Serum lipid levels did not differ significantly in ZGN-440-treated vs vehicle-treated rats. Similar results were found in MC4rKO rats: ZGN-440 treatment (14-21 d) was associated with significant reductions of body weight gain (MC4rKO, -1.7 ± 0.6 vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g/d; lean wild-type controls, -0.7 ± 0.2 vs 1.7 ± 0.7 g/d; ZGN-440 vs vehicle, respectively), reduction of food intake (MC4rKO, -28%; lean controls, -7.5%), and insulin resistance, whereas circulating levels of interleukin-1β did not change. In both obesity models, body temperature and locomotor activity were not affected by ZGN-440 treatment. In conclusion, the robust reduction of body weight in response to ZGN-440 observed in rats with severe obesity is related to a strong reduction of food intake that is likely related to changes in the central regulation of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Elfers
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101; and
| | - Christian L Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101; and
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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21
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Zanardi MM, Suárez AG, Sarotti AM. Determination of the Relative Configuration of Terminal and Spiroepoxides by Computational Methods. Advantages of the Inclusion of Unscaled Data. J Org Chem 2016; 82:1873-1879. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María M. Zanardi
- Instituto
de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas
y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Facultad
de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Av Pellegrini 3314, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G. Suárez
- Instituto
de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas
y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Ariel M. Sarotti
- Instituto
de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas
y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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22
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Identification of methionine aminopeptidase 2 as a molecular target of the organoselenium drug ebselen and its derivatives/analogues: Synthesis, inhibitory activity and molecular modeling study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5254-5259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Baillie TA. Targeted Covalent Inhibitors for Drug Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13408-13421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Baillie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; University of Washington; Box 357610 Seattle WA 98195-7610 USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Baillie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; University of Washington; Box 357610 Seattle WA 98195-7610 USA
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