1
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Eckhardt KS, Münzel T, Gräb J, Berg T. Stafiba: A STAT5-Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitor. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200553. [PMID: 36300584 PMCID: PMC10099813 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5a and STAT5b are constitutively active in many human tumors. Combined inhibition of both STAT5 proteins is a valuable approach with promising applications in tumor biology. We recently reported resorcinol bisphosphate as a moderately active inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction domains, the SH2 domains, of both STAT5a and STAT5b. Here, we describe the development of resorcinol bisphosphate to Stafiba, a phosphatase-stable inhibitor of STAT5a and STAT5b with activity in the low micromolar concentration range. Our data provide insights into the structure-activity relationships of resorcinol bisphosphates and the corresponding bisphosphonates for use as inhibitors of both STAT5a and STAT5b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Eckhardt
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Münzel
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Gräb
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Berg A, Gräb J, Klüver B, Berg T. Dissecting Selectivity Determinants of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of SH2 Domains Via Fluorescence Polarization Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2705:225-238. [PMID: 37668977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3393-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization (FP) assays can be used to identify small-molecule inhibitors that bind to SH2 domain-containing proteins. We have developed FP assays by which to identify inhibitors of the SH2 domains of the two closely-related transcription factors STAT5a and STAT5b. Point mutation of selected amino acids in the putative binding site of the protein is a valuable tool by which to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of binding. In this chapter, we describe the cloning and application of point mutant proteins in order to transfer the binding preference of selected SH2 domain-binding STAT5b inhibitors to STAT5a, with results that highlight the importance of considering a role for residues outside the SH2 domain in contributing to the binding interactions of SH2 domain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Gräb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Klüver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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A High-Throughput Fluorescence Polarization-Based Assay for the SH2 Domain of STAT4. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5060093. [PMID: 36548135 PMCID: PMC9781101 DOI: 10.3390/mps5060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) proteins are a family of Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing transcription factors. The family member STAT4 is a mediator of IL-12 signalling and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. The activity of STAT4 requires binding of phosphotyrosine-containing motifs to its SH2 domain. Selective inhibitors of the STAT4 SH2 domain have not been published to date. Here, we present a fluorescence polarization-based assay for the identification of inhibitors of the STAT4 SH2 domain. The assay is based on the interaction between the STAT4 SH2 domain and the fluorophore-labelled peptide 5-carboxyfluorescein-GpYLPQNID (Kd = 34 ± 4 nM). The assay is stable with respect to DMSO concentrations of up to 10% and incubation times of at least 8 h. The Z'-value of 0.85 ± 0.01 indicates that the assay is suited for use in high-throughput screening campaigns aimed at identifying new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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4
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Li HP, He XH, Peng C, Li JL, Han B. A straightforward access to trifluoromethylated natural products through late-stage functionalization. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 40:988-1021. [DOI: 10.1039/d2np00056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of late-stage strategies in the direct trifluoromethylation of natural products in the past ten years, with particular emphasis on the reaction model of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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5
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Müller-Klieser D, Berg T. Asymmetrically Substituted m-Terphenyl Phosphates Inhibit the Transcription Factor STAT5a. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100603. [PMID: 34905258 PMCID: PMC9303812 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently presented Stafia‐1 as the first chemical entity that inhibits the transcription factor STAT5a with selectivity over the highly homologous STAT5b. Stafia‐1, which was identified from a series of symmetrically substituted m‐terphenyl phosphates, binds to the interface between the SH2 domain and the linker domain of STAT5a. Here, we outline a synthetic strategy for the synthesis of asymmetrically substituted m‐terphenyl phosphates, which can be tailored to address their asymmetric STAT5a binding site in a more specific manner. The asymmetrically substituted m‐terphenyl phosphate with the highest activity against STAT5a was converted to a phosphatase‐stable monofluoromethylene phosphonate. The synthetic methodology and activity analysis described here provide first insights into the structure‐activity relationships of m‐terphenyl phosphates for use as selective STAT5a inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Müller-Klieser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Gräb J, Berg T. The Selectivity of Fosfosal for STAT5b over STAT5a is Mediated by Arg566 in the Linker Domain. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2264-2267. [PMID: 32227557 PMCID: PMC7496286 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fosfosal is the O-phosphorylated derivative of salicylic acid, with documented clinical use as a prodrug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We recently discovered that fosfosal itself inhibits the protein-protein interaction domain, the SH2 domain, of the tumor-related transcription factor STAT5b. Here, we demonstrate that fosfosal is selective for STAT5b over its close homologue STAT5a. This selectivity is mediated by the STAT5b residue Arg566, located in the SH2 domain-adjacent linker domain. Our data provide further evidence for the role of the STAT linker domain in determining the activity of small molecules against the SH2 domain. We present a refined binding model for fosfosal and STAT5b, which can serve as the basis for the development of fosfosal-based STAT5b inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gräb
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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7
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Natarajan K, Müller-Klieser D, Rubner S, Berg T. Stafia-1: a STAT5a-Selective Inhibitor Developed via Docking-Based Screening of in Silico O-Phosphorylated Fragments. Chemistry 2019; 26:148-154. [PMID: 31503360 PMCID: PMC6973011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach for the identification of inhibitors of phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interaction domains, in which phenolic fragments are adapted by in silico O-phosphorylation before docking-based screening. From a database of 10 369 180 compounds, we identified 85 021 natural product-derived phenolic fragments, which were virtually O-phosphorylated and screened for in silico binding to the STAT3 SH2 domain. Nine screening hits were then synthesized, eight of which showed a degree of in vitro inhibition of STAT3. After analysis of its selectivity profile, the most potent inhibitor was then developed to Stafia-1, the first small molecule shown to preferentially inhibit the STAT family member STAT5a over the close homologue STAT5b. A phosphonate prodrug based on Stafia-1 inhibited STAT5a with selectivity over STAT5b in human leukemia cells, providing the first demonstration of selective in vitro and intracellular inhibition of STAT5a by a small-molecule inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi Natarajan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Müller-Klieser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Maurer B, Kollmann S, Pickem J, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V. STAT5A and STAT5B-Twins with Different Personalities in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1726. [PMID: 31690038 PMCID: PMC6895831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B have essential roles in survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells-which have been considered largely redundant. Mutations of upstream kinases, copy number gains, or activating mutations in STAT5A, or more frequently in STAT5B, cause altered hematopoiesis and cancer. Interfering with their activity by pharmacological intervention is an up-and-coming therapeutic avenue. Precision medicine requests detailed knowledge of STAT5A's and STAT5B's individual functions. Recent evidence highlights the privileged role for STAT5B over STAT5A in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we provide an overview on their individual functions within the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Pickem
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Berg A, Sperl B, Berg T. ATP Inhibits the Transcription Factor STAT5b. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2227-2231. [PMID: 30985989 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although naturally occurring low-molecular-weight compounds have many known roles within the cell, these do not usually involve the direct inhibition of protein-protein interactions. Based on the results of high-throughput screening of a library of bioactive compounds and neurotransmitters, we report here that the four nucleoside triphosphates ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP inhibit the SH2 domain of the tumor-related transcription factor STAT5b. ATP and GTP are the most active nucleoside triphosphates and show specificity for STAT5b over STAT5a, STAT3, STAT6 and the p53-binding protein HDM2. As the inhibition constant of ATP against STAT5b is significantly lower than published values for the intracellular ATP concentration, our data suggest that ATP might inhibit the protein-protein interactions of STAT5b in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bianca Sperl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Gräb J, Berg A, Blechschmidt L, Klüver B, Rubner S, Fu DY, Meiler J, Gräber M, Berg T. The STAT5b Linker Domain Mediates the Selectivity of Catechol Bisphosphates for STAT5b over STAT5a. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:796-805. [PMID: 30835430 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
STAT family proteins are important mediators of cell signaling and represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of human diseases. Most STAT inhibitors target the protein-protein interaction domain, the SH2 domain, but specificity for a single STAT protein is often limited. Recently, we developed catechol bisphosphates as the first inhibitors of STAT5b demonstrated to exhibit a high degree of selectivity over the close homologue STAT5a. Here, we show that the amino acid in position 566 of the linker domain, not the SH2 domain, is the main determinant of specificity. Arg566 in wild-type STAT5b favors tight binding of catechol bisphosphates, while Trp566 in wild-type STAT5a does not. Amino acid 566 also determines the affinity for a tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide derived from the EPO receptor for STAT5a and STAT5b, demonstrating the functional relevance of the STAT5 linker domain for the adjacent SH2 domain. These results provide the first demonstration that a residue in the linker domain can determine the affinity of nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors for the SH2 domain of STAT proteins. We propose targeting the interface between the SH2 domain and linker domain as a novel design approach for the development of potent and selective STAT inhibitors. In addition, our data suggest that the linker domain could contribute to the enigmatically divergent biological functions of the two STAT5 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gräb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linda Blechschmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Klüver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Darwin Y. Fu
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, BIOSCI/MRBIII, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, BIOSCI/MRBIII, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, United States
| | - Martin Gräber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Development of Erasin: a chromone-based STAT3 inhibitor which induces apoptosis in Erlotinib-resistant lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17390. [PMID: 29234062 PMCID: PMC5727211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of protein-protein interactions by small molecules offers tremendous opportunities for basic research and drug development. One of the fundamental challenges of this research field is the broad lack of available lead structures from nature. Here, we demonstrate that modifications of a chromone-based inhibitor of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of the transcription factor STAT5 confer inhibitory activity against STAT3. The binding mode of the most potent STAT3 inhibitor Erasin was analyzed by the investigation of structure-activity relationships, which was facilitated by chemical synthesis and biochemical activity analysis, in combination with molecular docking studies. Erasin inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 with selectivity over STAT5 and STAT1 in cell-based assays, and increases the apoptotic rate of cultured NSCLC cells in a STAT3-dependent manner. This ability of Erasin also extends to HCC-827 cells with acquired resistance against Erlotinib, a clinically used inhibitor of the EGF receptor. Our work validates chromone-based acylhydrazones as privileged structures for antagonizing STAT SH2 domains, and demonstrates that apoptosis can be induced in NSCLC cells with acquired Erlotinib resistance by direct inhibition of STAT3.
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12
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Berg A, Berg T. A small-molecule screen identifies the antitrypanosomal agent suramin and analogues NF023 and NF449 as inhibitors of STAT5a/b. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Rondanin R, Simoni D, Maccesi M, Romagnoli R, Grimaudo S, Pipitone RM, Meli M, Cascio A, Tolomeo M. Effects of Pimozide Derivatives on pSTAT5 in K562 Cells. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1183-1190. [PMID: 28657677 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
STAT5 is a transcription factor, a member of the STAT family of signaling proteins. STAT5 is involved in many types of cancer, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in which this protein is found constitutively activated as a consequence of BCR-ABL expression. The neuroleptic drug pimozide was recently reported to act as an inhibitor of STAT5 phosphorylation and is capable of inducing apoptosis in CML cells in vitro. Our research group has synthesized simple derivatives of pimozide with cytotoxic activity and that are able to decrease the levels of phosphorylated STAT5. In this work we continued the search for novel STAT5 inhibitors, synthesizing compounds in which the benzoimidazolinone ring of pimozide is either maintained or modified, in order to obtain further structure-activity relationship information for this class of STAT5 inhibitors. Two compounds of the series showed potent cytotoxic activity against BCR-ABL-positive and pSTAT5-overexpressing K562 cells and were able to markedly decrease the levels of phosphorylated STAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rondanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maccesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maria Pipitone
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Meli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, Università di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, Università di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manlio Tolomeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Oncologia Clinica, Università di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 902127, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Elumalai N, Natarajan K, Berg T. Halogen-substituted catechol bisphosphates are potent and selective inhibitors of the transcription factor STAT5b. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3871-3882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Rational development of Stafib-2: a selective, nanomolar inhibitor of the transcription factor STAT5b. Sci Rep 2017; 7:819. [PMID: 28400581 PMCID: PMC5429769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT5b is a target for tumour therapy. We recently reported catechol bisphosphate and derivatives such as Stafib-1 as the first selective inhibitors of the STAT5b SH2 domain. Here, we demonstrate STAT5b binding of catechol bisphosphate by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and report on rational optimization of Stafib-1 (Ki = 44 nM) to Stafib-2 (Ki = 9 nM). The binding site of Stafib-2 was validated using combined isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and protein point mutant analysis, representing the first time that functional comparison of wild-type versus mutant protein by ITC has been used to characterize the binding site of a small-molecule ligand of a STAT protein with amino acid resolution. The prodrug Pomstafib-2 selectively inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5b in human leukaemia cells and induces apoptosis in a STAT5-dependent manner. We propose Pomstafib-2, which currently represents the most active, selective inhibitor of STAT5b activation available, as a chemical tool for addressing the fundamental question of which roles the different STAT5 proteins play in various cell processes.
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16
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Weinberger P, Ponny SR, Xu H, Bai S, Smallridge R, Copland J, Sharma A. Cell Cycle M-Phase Genes Are Highly Upregulated in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2017; 27:236-252. [PMID: 27796151 PMCID: PMC5314727 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for only 3% of thyroid cancers, yet strikingly, it accounts for almost 40% of thyroid cancer deaths. Currently, no effective therapies exist. In an effort to identify ATC-specific therapeutic targets, we analyzed global gene expression data from multiple studies to identify ATC-specific dysregulated genes. METHODS The National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database was searched for high-throughput gene expression microarray studies from human ATC tissue along with normal thyroid and/or papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissue. Gene expression levels in ATC were compared with normal thyroid or PTC using seven separate comparisons, and an ATC-specific gene set common in all seven comparisons was identified. We investigated these genes for their biological functions and pathways. RESULTS There were three studies meeting inclusion criteria, (including 32 ATC patients, 69 PTC, and 75 normal). There were 259 upregulated genes and 286 downregulated genes in ATC with at least two-fold change in all seven comparisons. Using a five-fold filter, 36 genes were upregulated in ATC, while 40 genes were downregulated. Of the 10 top globally upregulated genes in ATC, 4/10 (MMP1, ANLN, CEP55, and TFPI2) are known to play a role in ATC progression; however, 6/10 genes (TMEM158, CXCL5, E2F7, DLGAP5, MME, and ASPM) had not been specifically implicated in ATC. Similarly, 3/10 (SFTA3, LMO3, and C2orf40) of the most globally downregulated genes were novel in this context, while 7/10 genes (SLC26A7, TG, TSHR, DUOX2, CDH1, PDE8B, and FOXE1) have been previously identified in ATC. We experimentally validated a significant correlation for seven transcription factors (KLF16, SP3, ETV6, FOXC1, SP1, EGFR1, and MAFK) with the ATC-specific genes using microarray analysis of ATC cell lines. Ontology clustering of globally altered genes revealed that "mitotic cell cycle" is highly enriched in the globally upregulated gene set (44% of top upregulated genes, p-value <10-30). CONCLUSIONS By focusing on globally altered genes, we have identified a set of consistently altered biological processes and pathways in ATC. Our data are consistent with an important role for M-phase cell cycle genes in ATC, and may provide direction for future studies to identify novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Weinberger
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Augusta University Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sithara Raju Ponny
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - John Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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17
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Liu LJ, Wang W, Kang TS, Liang JX, Liu C, Kwong DWJ, Wong VKW, Ma DL, Leung CH. Antagonizing STAT5B dimerization with an osmium complex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36044. [PMID: 27853239 PMCID: PMC5113070 DOI: 10.1038/srep36044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting STAT5 is an appealing therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and inflammation. Here, we present the novel osmium(II) complex 1 as the first metal-based inhibitor of STAT5B dimerization. Complex 1 exhibited superior inhibitory activity against STAT5B DNA binding compared to STAT5A DNA binding. Moreover, 1 repressed STAT5B transcription and blocked STAT5B dimerization via binding to the STAT5B protein, thereby inhibiting STAT5B translocation to the nucleus. Furthermore, 1 was able to selectively inhibit STAT5B phosphorylation without affecting the expression level of STAT5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tian-Shu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chenfu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel W. J. Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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18
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Zhao JJ, Hu YW, Huang C, Ma X, Kang CM, Zhang Y, Guo FX, Lu JB, Xiu JC, Qiu YR, Sha YH, Gao JJ, Wang YC, Li P, Xu BM, Zheng L, Wang Q. Dihydrocapsaicin suppresses proinflammatory cytokines expression by enhancing nuclear factor IA in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 604:27-35. [PMID: 27267730 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Accumulating evidences have showed that Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) has been found to exert multiple pharmacological and physiological effects. Nevertheless, the effects and possible mechanism of DHC on proinflammatory response remain largely unexplained. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that DHC markedly upregulated NFIA and suppressed NF-κB expression in THP-1 macrophages. Up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly suppressed by DHC treatment. We also observed that protein level of NFIA was significantly increased while NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines were decreased by DHC treatment in apoE(-/-) mice. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NFIA suppressed NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines expression both in THP-1 macrophages and plaque tissues of apoE-/- mice. Moreover, treatment with lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NFIA made the down-regulation of DHC on NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines expression notably accentuated in THP-1 macrophages and apoE(-/-) mice. In addition, treatment with siRNA targeting NF-κB accentuated the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines by lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NFIA. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrated that DHC can significantly decrease proinflammatory cytokines through enhancing NFIA and inhibiting NF-κB expression and thus DHC may be a promising candidate as an anti-inflammatory drug for atherosclerosis as well as other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chun-Min Kang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Feng-Xia Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jing-Bo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Rong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yan-Hua Sha
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ji-Juan Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yan-Chao Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Pan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bang-Ming Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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