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Fukazawa J, Mochizuki Y, Kanai S, Miura N, Negoro M, Kagawa A. Real-Time Monitoring of Hydrolysis Reactions of Pyrophosphates with Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7288-7294. [PMID: 38980118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) has enabled applications such as the real-time monitoring of chemical reactions. Such applications are mainly for 13C and 15N spins with long spin-lattice relaxation times in the molecules of interest. However, the only applications for phosphorus using d-DNP are pH imaging and nucleation during crystallization due to the short relaxation times. Here we show that it is possible to observe enzyme reactions using d-DNP with phosphorus. Hyperpolarized 31P spins in pyrophosphate were obtained using bullet-DNP, which requires less dilution of highly polarized solid samples. Real-time monitoring of the hydrolysis reaction of pyrophosphate by inorganic pyrophosphatase from baker's yeast at physiological pH and was successfully achieved and the reaction rate was determined. This is an important reaction for a wide range of applications related to medicine, agriculture, and quantum life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fukazawa
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuuki Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sakyo Kanai
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Natsuko Miura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8231, Japan
| | - Makoto Negoro
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Kagawa
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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García-Contreras R, de la Mora J, Mora-Montes HM, Martínez-Álvarez JA, Vicente-Gómez M, Padilla-Vaca F, Vargas-Maya NI, Franco B. The inorganic pyrophosphatases of microorganisms: a structural and functional review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17496. [PMID: 38938619 PMCID: PMC11210485 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrophosphatases (PPases) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi), a byproduct of the synthesis and degradation of diverse biomolecules. The accumulation of PPi in the cell can result in cell death. Although the substrate is the same, there are variations in the catalysis and features of these enzymes. Two enzyme forms have been identified in bacteria: cytoplasmic or soluble pyrophosphatases and membrane-bound pyrophosphatases, which play major roles in cell bioenergetics. In eukaryotic cells, cytoplasmic enzymes are the predominant form of PPases (c-PPases), while membrane enzymes (m-PPases) are found only in protists and plants. The study of bacterial cytoplasmic and membrane-bound pyrophosphatases has slowed in recent years. These enzymes are central to cell metabolism and physiology since phospholipid and nucleic acid synthesis release important amounts of PPi that must be removed to allow biosynthesis to continue. In this review, two aims were pursued: first, to provide insight into the structural features of PPases known to date and that are well characterized, and to provide examples of enzymes with novel features. Second, the scientific community should continue studying these enzymes because they have many biotechnological applications. Additionally, in this review, we provide evidence that there are m-PPases present in fungi; to date, no examples have been characterized. Therefore, the diversity of PPase enzymes is still a fruitful field of research. Additionally, we focused on the roles of H+/Na+ pumps and m-PPases in cell bioenergetics. Finally, we provide some examples of the applications of these enzymes in molecular biology and biotechnology, especially in plants. This review is valuable for professionals in the biochemistry field of protein structure-function relationships and experts in other fields, such as chemistry, nanotechnology, and plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier de la Mora
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Manuel Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José A. Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Marcos Vicente-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Felipe Padilla-Vaca
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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3
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Bareth D, Jain S, Kumawat J, Kishore D, Dwivedi J, Hashmi SZ. Synthetic and pharmacological developments in the hybrid s-triazine moiety: A review. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106971. [PMID: 38016395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the most recent advancements in the synthetic and pharmacological approaches along with the structure activity relationship towards the s-triazine and its derivatives. Much attention has been given to s-triazine core due to its facile synthesis, interesting pharmacology, high reactivity, and binding characteristics towards various enzymes. An array of biological applications has been demonstrated by s-triazines including antimalarial, anti-HIV, anti-viral, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis to name a few. In the present investigation s-triazine based molecular structures have been assembled in respect to their synthesis and medicinal properties. Further, the competence of s-triazine has been correlated and compared with the other heterocyclic moieties to substantiates-triazine a privileged scaffold. From the literature it is revealed that nucleophilic substitution at 2, 4, and 6 positions is significant for various biological applications. This article would help in assisting the chemists in designing novel molecular entities with high medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bareth
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Jyoti Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sonia Zeba Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India.
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4
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Pang AH, Tsodikov OV. A Colorimetric Assay to Identify and Characterize Bacterial Primase Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2601:283-301. [PMID: 36445590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2855-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial DNA primase DnaG is an attractive target for antibiotic discovery since it plays an essential role in DNA replication. Over the last 10 years, we have developed and optimized a robust colorimetric assay that enabled us to identify and validate inhibitors of bacterial primases. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for this colorimetric assay for DnaG from three different pathogenic bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, and Staphylococcus aureus), which can be performed in high throughput. We also describe secondary assays to characterize hits from this high-throughput screening assay. These assays are designed to identify inhibitors of the coupled enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase, DNA binding agents, and elucidate the mode of inhibition of primase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan H Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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5
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Karibov TT, Lichitsky BV, Melekhina VG, Komogortsev AN. The First Example of Photogeneration of a Pyrrole Molecule on the Basis of 6π-Electrocyclization of 2-Arylbenzofurans Containing a Pyrazole Fragment. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Turan T. Karibov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Lichitsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya G. Melekhina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Komogortsev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Green KD, Pang AH, Thamban Chandrika N, Garzan A, Baughn AD, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Discovery and Optimization of 6-(1-Substituted pyrrole-2-yl)- s-triazine Containing Compounds as Antibacterial Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:757-767. [PMID: 35239306 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance is a major health issue plaguing healthcare worldwide and leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. Tackling this problem requires discovery and development of new antibacterial agents. In this study, we discovered novel 6-(1-substituted pyrrole-2-yl)-s-triazine containing compounds that potently inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus regardless of its methicillin-resistant status, displaying minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 1 μM. The presence of a single imidazole substituent was critical to the antibacterial activity of these compounds. Some of the compounds also inhibited several nontubercular mycobacteria. We have shown that these molecules are potent bacteriostatic agents and that they are nontoxic to mammalian cells at relevant concentrations. Further development of these compounds as novel antimicrobial agents will be aimed at expanding our armamentarium of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Allan H. Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Atefeh Garzan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Anthony D. Baughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, 689 23rd Ave SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-1507, United States
| | - Oleg V. Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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7
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Maddy J, Staker BL, Subramanian S, Abendroth J, Edwards TE, Myler PJ, Hybiske K, Asojo OA. Crystal structure of an inorganic pyrophosphatase from Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3/Cx. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:135-142. [PMID: 35234139 PMCID: PMC8900733 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections globally and is one of the most commonly reported infections in the United States. There is a need to develop new therapeutics due to drug resistance and the failure of current treatments to clear persistent infections. Structures of potential C. trachomatis rational drug-discovery targets, including C. trachomatis inorganic pyrophosphatase (CtPPase), have been determined by the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease. Inorganic pyrophosphatase hydrolyzes inorganic pyrophosphate during metabolism. Furthermore, bacterial inorganic pyrophosphatases have shown promise for therapeutic discovery. Here, a 2.2 Å resolution X-ray structure of CtPPase is reported. The crystal structure of CtPPase reveals shared structural features that may facilitate the repurposing of inhibitors identified for bacterial inorganic pyrophosphatases as starting points for new therapeutics for C. trachomatis.
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8
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Niu H, Zhu J, Qu Q, Zhou X, Huang X, Du Z. Crystallographic and modeling study of the human inorganic pyrophosphatase 1: A potential anti-cancer drug target. Proteins 2021; 89:853-865. [PMID: 33583053 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to phosphates. PPases play essential roles in growth and development, and are found in all kingdoms of life. Human possess two PPases, PPA1 and PPA2. PPA1 is present in all tissues, acting largely as a housekeeping enzyme. Besides pyrophosphate hydrolysis, PPA1 can also directly dephosphorylate phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 (JNK1). Upregulated expression of PPA1 has been linked to many human malignant tumors. PPA1 knockdown induces apoptosis and decreases proliferation. PPA1 is emerging as a potential prognostic biomarker and target for anti-cancer drug development. In spite of the biological and physiopathological importance of PPA1, there is no detailed study on the structure and catalytic mechanisms of mammalian origin PPases. Here we report the crystal structure of human PPA1 at a resolution of 2.4 Å. We also carried out modeling studies of PPA1 in complex with JNK1 derived phosphor-peptides. The monomeric protein fold of PPA1 is similar to those found in other family I PPases. PPA1 forms a dimeric structure that should be conserved in animal and fungal PPases. Analysis of the PPA1 structure and comparison with available structures of PPases from lower organisms suggest that PPA1 has a largely pre-organized and relatively rigid active site for pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Results from the modeling study indicate the active site of PPA1 has the potential to accommodate double-phosphorylated peptides from JNK1. In short, results from the study provides new insights into the mechanisms of human PPA1 and basis for structure-based anti-cancer drug developments using PPA1 as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Niu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Quanxin Qu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhihua Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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9
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Majeed Ganai A, Khan Pathan T, Hampannavar GA, Pawar C, Obakachi VA, Kushwaha B, Deshwar Kushwaha N, Karpoormath R. Recent Advances on the s‐Triazine Scaffold with Emphasis on Synthesis, Structure‐Activity and Pharmacological Aspects: A Concise Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Majeed Ganai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Tabasum Khan Pathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Girish A. Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry K.L.E.U's College of Pharmacy Vidyanagar, Hubli 580031, Karnataka India
| | - Chandrakant Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Vincent A. Obakachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Babita Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
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10
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Hu F, Huang Z, Zheng S, Wu Q, Chen Y, Lin H, Huang W, Li L. Structural and biochemical characterization of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Homo sapiens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1115-1121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Romanov RS, Mariasina SS, Efimov SV, Klochkov VV, Rodina EV, Polshakov VI. Backbone resonance assignment and dynamics of 110 kDa hexameric inorganic pyrophosphatase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:281-287. [PMID: 32562252 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Family I soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases; EC 3.6.1.1) are enzymes essential for all organisms. They hydrolyze inorganic pyrophosphate, thus providing the driving force for numerous biosynthetic reactions. Soluble PPases retain enzymatic activity only in multimeric forms. PPases from various organisms are extensively studied by X-ray crystallography but until now there was no information on their structure and dynamics in solution. Hexameric 110 kDa (6 × 18.3 kDa) PPase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt-PPase) is a promising target for the rational design of potential anti-tuberculosis agents. In order to use NMR techniques in functional studies of Mt-PPase and rational design of the inhibitors for this enzyme, it is necessary to have information on the backbone 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments. Samples of Mt-PPase enriched with 99% of 13C and 15N isotopes, and 95% of 2H were obtained using recombinant protein expression in an isotopically-labeled medium and effective heat-shock protocol for the deuterium-to-hydrogen exchange of the amide groups. Backbone resonance assignment was achieved for more than 95% of the residues. It was found that the secondary structure of Mt-PPase in solution corresponds well to the crystal structure of this protein. Protein backbone dynamics were studied using 15N NMR relaxation experiments. Determined resonance assignments and dynamic properties provide the basis for the subsequent structure-based design of novel inhibitors of Mt-PPase-potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Romanov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Sofia S Mariasina
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Sergey V Efimov
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Vladimir V Klochkov
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Elena V Rodina
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Vladimir I Polshakov
- Center for Magnetic Tomography and Spectroscopy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Zhang J, Zheng T, Zhang J. I2
/K2
S2
O8
Mediated Direct Oxidative Annulation of Alkylazaarenes with Amidines for the Synthesis of Substituted 1,3,5-Triazines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule; College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; 710127 Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule; College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; 710127 Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Ankang University; 725000 Ankang Shaanxi P. R. China
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13
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Vidilaseris K, Kiriazis A, Turku A, Khattab A, Johansson NG, Leino TO, Kiuru PS, Boije af Gennäs G, Meri S, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Xhaard H, Goldman A. Asymmetry in catalysis by Thermotoga maritima membrane-bound pyrophosphatase demonstrated by a nonphosphorus allosteric inhibitor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7574. [PMID: 31131322 PMCID: PMC6530997 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases are homodimeric integral membrane proteins that hydrolyze pyrophosphate into orthophosphates, coupled to the active transport of protons or sodium ions across membranes. They are important in the life cycle of bacteria, archaea, plants, and parasitic protists, but no homologous proteins exist in vertebrates, making them a promising drug target. Here, we report the first nonphosphorus allosteric inhibitor of the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima membrane-bound pyrophosphatase and its bound structure together with the substrate analog imidodiphosphate. The unit cell contains two protein homodimers, each binding a single inhibitor dimer near the exit channel, creating a hydrophobic clamp that inhibits the movement of β-strand 1-2 during pumping, and thus prevents the hydrophobic gate from opening. This asymmetry of inhibitor binding with respect to each homodimer provides the first clear structural demonstration of asymmetry in the catalytic cycle of membrane-bound pyrophosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keni Vidilaseris
- Research Program in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandros Kiriazis
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ainoleena Turku
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayman Khattab
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas G. Johansson
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo O. Leino
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula S. Kiuru
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gustav Boije af Gennäs
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Research Program in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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14
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Zha GF, Rakesh K, Manukumar H, Shantharam C, Long S. Pharmaceutical significance of azepane based motifs for drug discovery: A critical review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:465-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Jamwal A, Yogavel M, Abdin MZ, Jain SK, Sharma A. Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Apicomplexan Inorganic Pyrophosphatases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5255. [PMID: 28701714 PMCID: PMC5507929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPase) participate in energy cycling and they are essential for growth and survival of organisms. Here we report extensive structural and functional characterization of soluble PPases from the human parasites Plasmodium falciparum (PfPPase) and Toxoplasma gondii (TgPPase). Our results show that PfPPase is a cytosolic enzyme whose gene expression is upregulated during parasite asexual stages. Cambialistic PfPPase actively hydrolyzes linear short chain polyphosphates like PPi, polyP3 and ATP in the presence of Zn2+. A remarkable new feature of PfPPase is the low complexity asparagine-rich N-terminal region that mediates its dimerization. Deletion of N-region has an unexpected and substantial effect on the stability of PfPPase domain, resulting in aggregation and significant loss of enzyme activity. Significantly, the crystal structures of PfPPase and TgPPase reveal unusual and unprecedented dimeric organizations and provide new fundamental insights into the variety of oligomeric assemblies possible in eukaryotic inorganic PPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jamwal
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110063, India
| | - Manickam Yogavel
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malik Z Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110063, India
| | - Swatantra K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110063, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences, 110063, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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