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Wahi A, Jain P, Sinhari A, Jadhav HR. Progress in discovery and development of natural inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) as anti-cancer agents. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:675-702. [PMID: 37615708 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of epigenetic translational modifications had drawn great interest for the last few decades. These processes play a vital role in many diseases and cancer is one of them. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key enzymes involved in the acetylation and deacetylation of histones and ultimately in post-translational modifications. Cancer frequently exhibits epigenetic changes, particularly disruption in the expression and activity of HDACs. It includes the capacity to regulate proliferative signalling, circumvent growth inhibitors, escape cell death, enable replicative immortality, promote angiogenesis, stimulate invasion and metastasis, prevent immunological destruction, and genomic instability. The majority of tumours develop and spread as a result of HDAC dysregulation. As a result, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) were developed, and they today stand as a very promising therapeutic approach. One of the most well-known and efficient therapies for practically all cancer types is chemotherapy. However, the efficiency and safety of treatment are constrained by higher toxicity. The same has been observed with the synthetic HDACi. Natural products, owing to many advantages over synthetic compounds for cancer treatment have always been a choice for therapy. Hence, naturally available molecules are of particular interest for HDAC inhibition and HDAC has drawn the attention of the research fraternity due to their potential to offer a diverse array of chemical structures and bioactive compounds. This diversity opens up new avenues for exploring less toxic HDAC inhibitors to reduce side effects associated with conventional synthetic inhibitors. The review presents comprehensive details on natural product HDACi, their mechanism of action and their biological effects. Moreover, this review provides a brief discussion on the structure activity relationship of selected natural HDAC inhibitors and their analogues which can guide future research to discover selective, more potent HDACi with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Priti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Apurba Sinhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
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2
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Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Emerging trends in post-translational modification: Shedding light on Glioblastoma multiforme. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188999. [PMID: 37858622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent multi-omics studies, including proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics have revealed the critical role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the progression and pathogenesis of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Further, PTMs alter the oncogenic signaling events and offer a novel avenue in GBM therapeutics research through PTM enzymes as potential biomarkers for drug targeting. In addition, PTMs are critical regulators of chromatin architecture, gene expression, and tumor microenvironment (TME), that play a crucial function in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms enhances GBM therapeutics research through the identification of novel PTM enzymes and residues. Herein, we briefly explain the mechanism of protein modifications in GBM etiology, and in altering the biologics of GBM cells through chromatin remodeling, modulation of the TME, and signaling pathways. In addition, we highlighted the importance of PTM enzymes as therapeutic biomarkers and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in protein PTM prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India; Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India.
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3
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Ahmed S, Alam W, Aschner M, Filosa R, Cheang WS, Jeandet P, Saso L, Khan H. Marine Cyanobacterial Peptides in Neuroblastoma: Search for Better Therapeutic Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092515. [PMID: 37173981 PMCID: PMC10177606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent extracranial solid tumor in pediatric patients, originating from sympathetic nervous system cells. Metastasis can be observed in approximately 70% of individuals after diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. The current care methods used, which include surgical removal as well as radio and chemotherapy, are largely unsuccessful, with high mortality and relapse rates. Therefore, attempts have been made to incorporate natural compounds as new alternative treatments. Marine cyanobacteria are a key source of physiologically active metabolites, which have recently received attention owing to their anticancer potential. This review addresses cyanobacterial peptides' anticancer efficacy against neuroblastoma. Numerous prospective studies have been carried out with marine peptides for pharmaceutical development including in research for anticancer potential. Marine peptides possess several advantages over proteins or antibodies, including small size, simple manufacturing, cell membrane crossing capabilities, minimal drug-drug interactions, minimal changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, selective targeting, chemical and biological diversities, and effects on liver and kidney functions. We discussed the significance of cyanobacterial peptides in generating cytotoxic effects and their potential to prevent cancer cell proliferation via apoptosis, the activation of caspases, cell cycle arrest, sodium channel blocking, autophagy, and anti-metastasis behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer, 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Faculty of Sciences, RIBP-USC INRAe 1488, University of Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Depsipeptides Targeting Tumor Cells: Milestones from In Vitro to Clinical Trials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020670. [PMID: 36677728 PMCID: PMC9864405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently considered one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. Diet could be one of the factors that can be enhanced to comprehensively address a cancer patient's condition. Unfortunately, most molecules capable of targeting cancer cells are found in uncommon food sources. Among them, depsipeptides have emerged as one of the most reliable choices for cancer treatment. These cyclic amino acid oligomers, with one or more subunits replaced by a hydroxylated carboxylic acid resulting in one lactone bond in a core ring, have broadly proven their cancer-targeting efficacy, some even reaching clinical trials and being commercialized as "anticancer" drugs. This review aimed to describe these depsipeptides, their reported amino acid sequences, determined structure, and the specific mechanism by which they target tumor cells including apoptosis, oncosis, and elastase inhibition, among others. Furthermore, we have delved into state-of-the-art in vivo and clinical trials, current methods for purification and synthesis, and the recognized disadvantages of these molecules. The information collated in this review can help researchers decide whether these molecules should be incorporated into functional foods in the near future.
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Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Targeting epigenetic regulation for cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:73-161. [PMID: 36990539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display pervasive changes in DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of histone posttranslational modification, chromatin composition or organization and regulatory element activities that alter normal programs of gene expression. It is becoming increasingly clear that disturbances in the epigenome are hallmarks of cancer, which are targetable and represent attractive starting points for drug creation. Remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in discovering and developing epigenetic-based small molecule inhibitors. Recently, epigenetic-targeted agents in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been identified and these agents are either in current clinical trials or approved for treatment. However, epigenetic drug applications face many challenges, including low selectivity, poor bioavailability, instability and acquired drug resistance. New multidisciplinary approaches are being designed to overcome these limitations, e.g., applications of machine learning, drug repurposing, high throughput virtual screening technologies, to identify selective compounds with improved stability and better bioavailability. We provide an overview of the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulation that encompass histone and DNA modifications and discuss effector proteins that affect the organization of chromatin structure and function as well as presently available inhibitors as potential drugs. Current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes that have been approved by therapeutic regulatory authorities across the world are highlighted. Many of these are in different stages of clinical evaluation. We also assess emerging strategies for combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy, standard chemotherapy or other classes of agents and advances in the design of novel epigenetic therapies.
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Warda ET, El-Ashmawy MB, Habib ESE, Abdelbaky MSM, Garcia-Granda S, Thamotharan S, El-Emam AA. Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anti-proliferative activities of novel adamantane-containing thiazole compounds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21058. [PMID: 36474013 PMCID: PMC9726863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of (Z)-N-(adamantan-1-yl)-3,4-diarylthiazol-2(3H)-imines (5a-r) was synthesized via condensation of 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-arylthioureas (3a-c) with various aryl bromomethyl ketones (4a-f). The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and by X-ray crystallography. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and pathogenic fungi. Compounds 5c, 5g, 5l, 5m, and 5q displayed potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while compounds 5a and 5o showed activity against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. Compounds 5b, 5l and 5q displayed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans. In addition, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity towards five human tumor cell lines. The optimal anti-proliferative activity was attained by compounds 5e and 5k which showed potent inhibitory activity against all the tested cell lines. Molecular docking analysis reveals that compounds 5e and 5k can occupy the positions of NAD cofactor and the histone deacetylase inhibitor EX527 at the active site of SIRT1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman T. Warda
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud B. El-Ashmawy
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - El-Sayed E. Habib
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. M. Abdelbaky
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Oviedo University-CINN, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Granda
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Oviedo University-CINN, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- grid.412423.20000 0001 0369 3226Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401 India
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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Marine Cyanobacteria as Sources of Lead Anticancer Compounds: A Review of Families of Metabolites with Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative, and Antineoplastic Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154814. [PMID: 35956762 PMCID: PMC9369884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is highly diverse, each living creature fighting to establish and proliferate. Among marine organisms, cyanobacteria are astounding secondary metabolite producers representing a wonderful source of biologically active molecules aimed to communicate, defend from predators, or compete. Studies on these molecules’ origins and activities have been systematic, although much is still to be discovered. Their broad chemical diversity results from integrating peptide and polyketide synthetases and synthases, along with cascades of biosynthetic transformations resulting in new chemical structures. Cyanobacteria are glycolipid, macrolide, peptide, and polyketide producers, and to date, hundreds of these molecules have been isolated and tested. Many of these compounds have demonstrated important bioactivities such as cytotoxicity, antineoplastic, and antiproliferative activity with potential pharmacological uses. Some are currently under clinical investigation. Additionally, conventional chemotherapeutic treatments include drugs with a well-known range of side effects, making anticancer drug research from new sources, such as marine cyanobacteria, necessary. This review is focused on the anticancer bioactivities of metabolites produced by marine cyanobacteria, emphasizing the identification of each variant of the metabolite family, their chemical structures, and the mechanisms of action underlying their biological and pharmacological activities.
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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9
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Atanasova KR, Chakraborty S, Ratnayake R, Khare KD, Luesch H, Lele TP. An epigenetic small molecule screen to target abnormal nuclear morphology in human cells. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar45. [PMID: 35323046 PMCID: PMC9265153 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irregular nuclear shapes are a hallmark of human cancers. Recent studies suggest that alterations to chromatin regulators may cause irregular nuclear morphologies. Here we screened an epigenetic small molecule library consisting of 145 compounds against chromatin regulators, for their ability to revert abnormal nuclear shapes that were induced by gene knockdown in non-cancerous MCF10A human mammary breast epithelial cells. We leveraged a previously validated quantitative Fourier approach to quantify the elliptical Fourier coefficient (EFC ratio) as a measure of nuclear irregularities, which allowed us to perform rigorous statistical analyses of screening data. Top hit compounds fell into three major mode of action categories, targeting three separate epigenetic modulation routes: 1) Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors; 2) Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein inhibitors; and 3) Methyl-transferase inhibitors. Some of the top hit compounds were also efficacious in reverting nuclear irregularities in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells and in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells in a cell type dependent manner. Regularization of nuclear shapes was compound-specific, cell-type specific, and dependent on the specific molecular perturbation that induced nuclear irregularities. Our approach of targeting nuclear abnormalities may be potentially useful in screening new types of cancer therapies targeted toward chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - Saptarshi Chakraborty
- Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY 14214, USA
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - Kshitij D Khare
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, USA
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Biological Activity and Stability of Aeruginosamides from Cyanobacteria. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020093. [PMID: 35200623 PMCID: PMC8878463 DOI: 10.3390/md20020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeruginosamides (AEGs) are classified as cyanobactins, ribosomally synthesized peptides with post-translational modifications. They have been identified in cyanobacteria of genera Microcystis, Oscillatoria, and Limnoraphis. In this work, the new data on the in vitro activities of three AEG variants, AEG A, AEG625 and AEG657, and their interactions with metabolic enzymes are reported. Two aeruginosamides, AEG625 and AEG657, decreased the viability of human breast cancer cell line T47D, but neither of the peptides was active against human liver cancer cell line Huh7. AEGs also did not change the expression of MIR92b-3p, but for AEG625, the induction of oxidative stress was observed. In the presence of a liver S9 fraction containing microsomal and cytosolic enzymes, AEG625 and AEG657 showed high stability. In the same assays, quick removal of AEG A was recorded. The peptides had mild activity against three cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, but only at the highest concentration used in the study (60 µM). The properties of AEGs, i.e., cytotoxic activity and in vitro interactions with important metabolic enzymes, form a good basis for further studies on their pharmacological potential.
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Wang H, Shi L, Wang Z. A Novel Hydroxamic Acid-Based Curcumin Derivative as Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:756817. [PMID: 34804949 PMCID: PMC8602566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common primary and deadliest malignant brain tumor with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. There is a lack of effective chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of GBM. In this work, we reported the preparation of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, DMC-HA, from the structural modification of natural product curcumin. DMC-HAs were tested in an HDAC inhibition assay and an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity. It showed potent inhibition of HDAC1–2 and HDAC6 with IC50 values in the submicromolar concentration range. DMC-HA significantly inhibited the proliferation of human glioblastoma U87 cells and mediated apoptosis of U87 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, DMC-HA elevated the acetylation level of histone H3 in U87 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that DMC-HA possessed acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles, accompanied with certain brain permeability. Lastly, we showed that DMC-HA suppressed the growth of tumor in U87 tumor xenograft model in vivo with no obvious toxicity. These results demonstrate that DMC-HA has the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic drug for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Gusu College of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Phyo MY, Katermeran NP, Goh JX, Tan LT. Trikoveramides A-C, cyclic depsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca hydnoides. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112879. [PMID: 34271298 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trikoveramides A - C, members of the kulolide superfamily of cyclic depsipeptides, were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium, Symploca hydnoides, collected from Bintan Island, Indonesia. Their planar structures were elucidated by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and HRMS spectral data. The absolute configurations of the amino acid and phenyllactic acid units were confirmed by Marfey's and chiral HPLC analyses, respectively, while the relative stereochemistry of the 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-7-octynoic acid (Hmoya) unit in trikoveramide A was elucidated by the application of the J-based configuration analysis and NOE correlations. The cytotoxic activity of the trikoveramides were evaluated against MOLT-4 human leukemia cells and gave IC50 values of 9.3 μM, 35.6 μM and 48.8 μM for trikoveramide B, trikoveramide C and trikoveramide A, respectively. In addition, trikoveramides A - C showed weak to moderate inhibition in the quorum sensing inhibitory assay based on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasB-gfp and rhlA-gfp bioreporter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Yadanar Phyo
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Nursheena Parveen Katermeran
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Jun Xian Goh
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Lik Tong Tan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
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13
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Wu L, Ye K, Jiang S, Zhou G. Marine Power on Cancer: Drugs, Lead Compounds, and Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090488. [PMID: 34564150 PMCID: PMC8472172 DOI: 10.3390/md19090488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths occur each year. Recently, much attention has been paid to the ocean, the largest biosphere of the earth that harbors a great many different organisms and natural products, to identify novel drugs and drug candidates to fight against malignant neoplasms. The marine compounds show potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, and relatively few drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic malignant lymphoma, breast cancer, or Hodgkin's disease. This review provides a summary of the anticancer effects and mechanisms of action of selected marine compounds, including cytarabine, eribulin, marizomib, plitidepsin, trabectedin, zalypsis, adcetris, and OKI-179. The future development of anticancer marine drugs requires innovative biochemical biology approaches and introduction of novel therapeutic targets, as well as efficient isolation and synthesis of marine-derived natural compounds and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Wu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Ke Ye
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
| | - Sheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangbiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (G.Z.)
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Qiu B, Tan A, Tan YZ, Chen QY, Luesch H, Wang X. Largazole Inhibits Ocular Angiogenesis by Modulating the Expression of VEGFR2 and p21. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:471. [PMID: 34436310 PMCID: PMC8401058 DOI: 10.3390/md19080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular angiogenic diseases, characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation in the eye, are the leading cause of blindness. Although Anti-VEGF therapy is the first-line treatment in the market, a substantial number of patients are refractory to it or may develop resistance over time. As uncontrolled proliferation of vascular endothelial cells is one of the characteristic features of pathological neovascularization, we aimed to investigate the role of the class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Largazole, a cyclodepsipeptide from a marine cyanobacterium, in ocular angiogenesis. Our study showed that Largazole strongly inhibits retinal vascular endothelial cell viability, proliferation, and the ability to form tube-like structures. Largazole strongly inhibits the vessel outgrowth from choroidal explants in choroid sprouting assay while it does not affect the quiescent choroidal vasculature. Largazole also inhibits vessel outgrowth from metatarsal bones in metatarsal sprouting assay without affecting pericytes coverage. We further demonstrated a cooperative effect between Largazole and an approved anti-VEGF drug, Alflibercept. Mechanistically, Largazole strongly inhibits the expression of VEGFR2 and leads to an increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor, p21. Taken together, our study provides compelling evidence on the anti-angiogenic role of Largazole that exerts its function through mediating different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiying Qiu
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (A.T.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Alison Tan
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (A.T.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yu Zhi Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (A.T.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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Dhakal D, Chen M, Luesch H, Ding Y. Heterologous production of cyanobacterial compounds. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6119914. [PMID: 33928376 PMCID: PMC8210676 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a plethora of compounds with unique chemical structures and diverse biological activities. Importantly, the increasing availability of cyanobacterial genome sequences and the rapid development of bioinformatics tools have unraveled the tremendous potential of cyanobacteria in producing new natural products. However, the discovery of these compounds based on cyanobacterial genomes has progressed slowly as the majority of their corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are silent. In addition, cyanobacterial strains are often slow-growing, difficult for genetic engineering, or cannot be cultivated yet, limiting the use of host genetic engineering approaches for discovery. On the other hand, genetically tractable hosts such as Escherichia coli, Actinobacteria, and yeast have been developed for the heterologous expression of cyanobacterial BGCs. More recently, there have been increased interests in developing model cyanobacterial strains as heterologous production platforms. Herein, we present recent advances in the heterologous production of cyanobacterial compounds in both cyanobacterial and noncyanobacterial hosts. Emerging strategies for BGC assembly, host engineering, and optimization of BGC expression are included for fostering the broader applications of synthetic biology tools in the discovery of new cyanobacterial natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 31610, USA
| | - Manyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 31610, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 31610, USA
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 31610, USA
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Tabasaran J, Schuhmann M, Ebinger M, Honegger J, Renovanz M, Schittenhelm J. PAX6 is frequently expressed in ependymal tumours and associated with prognostic relevant subgroups. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:759-765. [PMID: 34183436 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS An ependymoma shows divergent morphological and molecular features depending on their location. The paired box 6 (PAX6) transcription factor is a putative tumour suppressor and drives cancer cells towards a stem cell-like state. A transcriptome study reported high PAX6 expression in ependymal tumours, but data on protein expression are lacking. METHODS We, therefore, analysed PAX6 expression by immunohistochemistry in 172 ependymoma samples and correlated its expression to histology, WHO grade, anatomical location and molecular subgroups. RESULTS Mean PAX6 nuclear expression in ependymoma was 27.5% (95% CI 23.3 to 31.7). PAX6 expression in subependymoma (mean: 5%) was significantly lower compared with myxopapillary (30%), WHO grade II (26%) and anaplastic ependymoma (35%). Supratentorial ependymomas also displayed significant lower PAX6 levels (15%) compared with spinal cord tumours (30%). Expression levels in YAP1-fused ependymoma (41%) were higher compared with REL-associated protein (RELA)-fusion positive tumours (17%), while PAX6 expression was similar in posterior fossa group A (33%) and B (29%) ependymomas. Kaplan-Meier analysis in RELA-fusion positive ependymomas and posterior fossa group B showed a significant better outcome for PAX6 at or above the cut-off of 19.45% compared with tumours with PAX6 below the cut-off. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that PAX6 is frequently expressed in human ependymal tumours and immunohistochemistry may be helpful in determining prognostic relevant subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tabasaran
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuhmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Honegger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Renovanz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany .,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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