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Mafra JCM, Boechat N, Teixeira GP, Faria RX. Synthetic molecules as P2X7 receptor antagonists: A medicinal chemistry update focusing the therapy of inflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175999. [PMID: 37619787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate induces a series of responses in the organism, exceptionally protein cascades related to the proinflammatory process. This has made P2X7 a target for research on inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, the incessant search for new prototypes that aim to antagonize the action of P2X7 has been remarkable in recent decades, a factor that has already led to numerous clinical studies in humans. In this review, we present the key molecules developed over the years with potential inhibition of P2X7 and inflammation. In addition, an update with newly developed chemical classes with promising activity and results in clinical studies for human pathologies focusing on P2X7 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Martins Mafra
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos (LASFAR) - Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz Brazil; Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro - IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos (LASFAR) - Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Pegas Teixeira
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro Fiocruz Brazil.
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro Fiocruz Brazil.
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2
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From lead to clinic: A review of the structural design of P2X7R antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115234. [PMID: 36893624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
P2X7R, which is a member of the purinergic P2 receptor family, is widely expressed in many immune cells, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. P2X7R is upregulated in response to proinflammatory stimulation, which is closely related to a variety of inflammatory diseases. The inhibition of P2X7 receptors has resulted in the elimination or reduction of symptoms in animal models of arthritis, depression, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the development of P2X7R antagonists is of great significance for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. This review classifies the reported P2X7R antagonists according to their different cores, focuses on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the compounds, and analyzes some common substituents and strategies in the design of lead compounds, with the hope of providing valuable information for the development of new and efficient P2X7R antagonists.
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3
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Sluyter R, Sophocleous RA, Stokes L. P2X receptors: Insights from the study of the domestic dog. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109358. [PMID: 36464207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fifty years ago, the late Geoffrey Burnstock described the concept of purinergic nerves and transmission bringing into existence the broader concepts of purinergic signaling including P2X receptors. These receptors are trimeric ligand-gated cation channels activated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). P2X receptors have important roles in health and disease and continue to gain interest as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory, neurological, cardiovascular and many other disorders including cancer. Current understanding of P2X receptors has largely arisen from the study of these receptors in humans and rodents, but additional insights have been obtained from the study of P2X receptors in the domestic dog, Canis familiaris. This review article will briefly introduce purinergic signaling and P2X receptors, before detailing the pharmacological profiles of the two recombinant canine P2X receptors studied to date, P2X7 and P2X4. The article will then describe the current state of knowledge concerning the distribution and function of the P2X receptor family in dogs. The article will also discuss the characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the canine P2RX7 gene, and contrast this variation to the canine P2RX4 gene, which is largely conserved between dogs. Finally, this article will outline published examples of the use of dogs to study the pharmacokinetics of P2X7 and P2X3 antagonists, and how they have contributed to the preclinical testing of antagonists to human P2X7, CE-224,535, and human P2X3, Gefapixant (AF-219, MK-7264) and Eliapixant (BAY, 1817080), with Gefapixant gaining recent approval for use in the treatment of refractory chronic cough in humans. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Purinergic Signaling: 50 years'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Leanne Stokes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
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4
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P2X1 Selective Antagonists Block HIV-1 Infection through Inhibition of Envelope Conformation-Dependent Fusion. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01622-19. [PMID: 31852781 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01622-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors are well-established modulators of inflammatory processes, primarily through detection of extracellular nucleotides that are released by dying or infected cells. Emerging literature has demonstrated that inhibition of these inflammatory receptors can block HIV-1 productive infection and HIV-1-associated inflammation. The specificity of receptor type and mechanism of interaction has not yet been determined. Here, we characterize the inhibitory activity of P2X1 receptor antagonists, NF279 and NF449, in cell lines, primary cells, and a variety of HIV-1 envelope (Env) clades. NF279 and NF449 blocked productive infection at the level of viral membrane fusion, with a range of inhibitory activities against different HIV-1 Env isolates. A mutant virus carrying a truncation deletion of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein 41 (gp41) showed reduced sensitivity to P2X1 antagonists, indicating that the sensitivity of inhibition by these molecules may be modulated by Env conformation. In contrast, a P2X7 antagonist, A438079, had a limited effect on productive infection and fusion. NF279 and NF449 interfered with the ability of the gp120 variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2)-targeted broadly neutralizing antibody PG9 to block productive infection, suggesting that these drugs may antagonize HIV-1 Env at gp120 V1V2 to block viral membrane fusion. Our observations indicate that P2X1 antagonism can inhibit HIV-1 replication at the level of viral membrane fusion through interaction with Env. Future studies will probe the nature of these compounds in inhibiting HIV-1 fusion and the development of small molecules to block HIV-1 entry via this mechanism.IMPORTANCE While effective treatment can lower the severe morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection, patients infected with HIV-1 suffer from significantly higher rates of noncommunicable comorbidities associated with chronic inflammation. Emerging literature suggests a key role for P2X1 receptors in mediating this chronic inflammation, but the mechanism is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection is reduced by P2X1 receptor antagonism. This inhibition is mediated by interference with HIV-1 Env and can impact a variety of viral clades. These observations highlight the importance of P2X1 antagonists as potential novel therapeutics that could serve to block a variety of different viral clades with additional benefits for their anti-inflammatory properties.
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5
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Gelin CF, Bhattacharya A, Letavic MA. P2X7 receptor antagonists for the treatment of systemic inflammatory disorders. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 59:63-99. [PMID: 32362329 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 has continued to be a target of immense interest since it is implicated in several peripheral and central nervous system disorders that result from inflammation. This review primarily describes new P2X7 receptor antagonists that have been investigated and disclosed in patent applications or primary literature since 2015. While a crystal structure of the receptor to aid in the design of novel chemical structures remains elusive, many of the chemotypes that have been disclosed contain similarities, with an amide motif present in all series that have been explored to date. Several of the recent antagonists described are brain penetrant, and two compounds are currently in clinical trials for CNS indications. Additionally, brain penetrant PET ligands have been developed that aid in measuring target engagement and these ligands can potentially be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Gelin
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Letavic
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
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6
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Inhibitors of NF-κB and P2X7/NLRP3/Caspase 1 pathway in microglia: Novel therapeutic opportunities in neuroinflammation induced early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 326:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Wei L, Syed Mortadza SA, Yan J, Zhang L, Wang L, Yin Y, Li C, Chalon S, Emond P, Belzung C, Li D, Lu C, Roger S, Jiang LH. ATP-activated P2X7 receptor in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and as an emerging target for the development of novel antidepressant therapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:192-205. [PMID: 29453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that represent leading global disease burdens. Increasing evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supports that innate immune system dysfunction plays an important part in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. P2X7 receptor, belonging to the ligand-gated ion channel P2X subfamily of purinergic P2 receptors for extracellular ATP, is highly expressed in immune cells including microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and has a vital role in mediating innate immune response. The P2X7 receptor is also important in neuron-glia signalling in the CNS. The gene encoding human P2X7 receptor is located in a locus of susceptibility to mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in understanding the role of the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis and development of mood disorders and in discovering CNS-penetrable P2X7 antagonists for potential uses in in vivo imaging to monitor brain inflammation and antidepressant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wei
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sharifah A Syed Mortadza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yan
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours, France
| | | | - Dongliang Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sebastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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8
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Faria R, Oliveira F, Salles J, Oliveira A, von Ranke N, Bello M, Rodrigues C, Castro H, Louvis A, Martins D, Ferreira V. 1,4-Naphthoquinones potently inhibiting P2X7 receptor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1361-1372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Zhao H, Chen Y, Feng H. P2X7 Receptor-Associated Programmed Cell Death in the Pathophysiology of Hemorrhagic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1282-1295. [PMID: 29766811 PMCID: PMC6251042 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180516094500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is a life-threatening disease characterized by a sudden rupture of cerebral blood vessels, and cell death is widely believed to occur after exposure to blood metabolites or subsequently damaged cells. Recently, programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of stroke. However, the detailed mechanisms of these novel kinds of cell death are still unclear. The P2X7 receptor, previously known for its cytotoxic activity, is an ATP-gated, nonselective cation channel that belongs to the family of ionotropic P2X receptors. Evolving evidence indicates that the P2X7 receptor plays a pivotal role in central nervous system pathology; genetic deletion and pharmacological blockade of the P2X7 receptor provide neuroprotection in various neurological disorders, including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The P2X7 receptor may regulate programmed cell death via (I) exocytosis of secretory lysosomes, (II) exocytosis of autophagosomes or autophagolysosomes during formation of the initial autophagic isolation membrane or omegasome, and (III) direct release of cytosolic IL-1β secondary to regulated cell death by pyroptosis or necroptosis. In this review, we present an overview of P2X7 receptor- associated programmed cell death for further understanding of hemorrhagic stroke pathophysiology, as well as potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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10
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Chrovian CC, Soyode-Johnson A, Peterson AA, Gelin CF, Deng X, Dvorak CA, Carruthers NI, Lord B, Fraser I, Aluisio L, Coe KJ, Scott B, Koudriakova T, Schoetens F, Sepassi K, Gallacher DJ, Bhattacharya A, Letavic MA. A Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction To Access 6-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridines Enables the Discovery Synthesis and Preclinical Profiling of a P2X7 Antagonist Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2017; 61:207-223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa C. Chrovian
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Akinola Soyode-Johnson
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexander A. Peterson
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christine F. Gelin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaohu Deng
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Curt A. Dvorak
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicholas I. Carruthers
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ian Fraser
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Leah Aluisio
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin J. Coe
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian Scott
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tatiana Koudriakova
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Freddy Schoetens
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kia Sepassi
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David J. Gallacher
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael A. Letavic
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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11
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Letavic MA, Savall BM, Allison BD, Aluisio L, Andres JI, De Angelis M, Ao H, Beauchamp DA, Bonaventure P, Bryant S, Carruthers NI, Ceusters M, Coe KJ, Dvorak CA, Fraser IC, Gelin CF, Koudriakova T, Liang J, Lord B, Lovenberg TW, Otieno MA, Schoetens F, Swanson DM, Wang Q, Wickenden AD, Bhattacharya A. 4-Methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-Based P2X7 Receptor Antagonists: Optimization of Pharmacokinetic Properties Leading to the Identification of a Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4559-4572. [PMID: 28493698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and preclinical characterization of novel 4-(R)-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridines that are potent and selective brain penetrant P2X7 antagonists are described. Optimization efforts based on previously disclosed unsubstituted 6,7-dihydro-4H-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridines, methyl substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazines, and several other series lead to the identification of a series of 4-(R)-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridines that are selective P2X7 antagonists with potency at the rodent and human P2X7 ion channels. These novel P2X7 antagonists have suitable physicochemical properties, and several analogs have an excellent pharmacokinetic profile, good partitioning into the CNS and show robust in vivo target engagement after oral dosing. Improvements in metabolic stability led to the identification of JNJ-54175446 (14) as a candidate for clinical development. The drug discovery efforts and strategies that resulted in the identification of the clinical candidate are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brad M Savall
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brett D Allison
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Leah Aluisio
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jose Ignacio Andres
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen-Cilag , Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen-Cilag , Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Hong Ao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Derek A Beauchamp
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stewart Bryant
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Nicholas I Carruthers
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Marc Ceusters
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Coe
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Curt A Dvorak
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ian C Fraser
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christine F Gelin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tatiana Koudriakova
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jimmy Liang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Timothy W Lovenberg
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Monicah A Otieno
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Freddy Schoetens
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Devin M Swanson
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alan D Wickenden
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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12
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Han J, Liu H, Liu C, Jin H, Perlmutter JS, Egan TM, Tu Z. Pharmacologic characterizations of a P2X7 receptor-specific radioligand, [11C]GSK1482160 for neuroinflammatory response. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38:372-382. [PMID: 28338530 PMCID: PMC5401628 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a key regulatory element in the neuroinflammatory cascade that provides a promising target for imaging neuroinflammation. GSK1482160, a P2X7R modulator with nanomolar binding affinity and high selectivity, has been successfully radiolabeled and utilized for imaging P2X7 levels in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. In the current study, we further characterized its binding profile and determined whether [C]GSK1482160 can detect changes in P2X7R expression in a rodent model of multiple sclerosis. METHODS [C]GSK1482160 was synthesized with high specific activity and high radiochemical purity. Radioligand saturation and competition binding assays were performed for [C]GSK1482160 using HEK293-hP2X7R living cells. Micro-PET studies were carried out in nonhuman primates. In vitro autoradiography and immunohistochemistry studies were then carried out to evaluate tracer uptake and P2X7 expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat lumbar spinal cord at EAE-peak and EAE-remitting stages compared with sham rats. RESULTS [C]GSK1482160 binds to HEK293-hP2X7R living cells with high binding affinity (Kd=5.09±0.98 nmol/l, Ki=2.63±0.6 nmol/l). Micro-PET studies showed high tracer retention and a homogeneous distribution in the brain of nonhuman primates. In the EAE rat model, tracer uptake of [C]GSK1482160 in rat lumbar spinal cord was the highest at the EAE-peak stage (277.74±79.74 PSL/mm), followed by the EAE-remitting stage(149.00±54.14 PSL/mm) and sham (66.37±1.48 PSL/mm). The tracer uptake correlated strongly with P2X7-positive cell counts, activated microglia numbers, and disease severity. CONCLUSION We conclude that [C]GSK1482160 has the potential for application in monitoring neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Han
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chunling Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Terrance M. Egan
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a unique subtype among the family of seven purinergic P2X receptors, which are ATP-gated non-selective cation channels. P2X7R has been reported to have pathological roles in various diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain, mood disorders and cancers. Therefore, many pharmaceutical companies have endeavored to develop a clinical candidate targeting P2X7R. Areas covered: This review provides a summary of various patents on chemicals and biologics and their clinical use published between 2010 and 2015. The reader will gain information on structural claims, representative structures and biological activities of recently developed P2X7R antagonists. Expert opinion: P2X7R is a fascinating therapeutic target and potential biomarker for inflammation, pain disorders and cancers. Research on the development of P2X7R antagonists has continually increased despite the failure of AstraZeneca and Merck's compounds in phase II clinical trials. Various scaffolds have been disclosed by several pharmaceutical industries, and some compounds are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- a School of Life Sciences , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.,b New Drug Development Center (NDDC) , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF) , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- a School of Life Sciences , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
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14
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Swanson DM, Savall BM, Coe KJ, Schoetens F, Koudriakova T, Skaptason J, Wall J, Rech J, Deng X, De Angelis M, Everson A, Lord B, Wang Q, Ao H, Scott B, Sepassi K, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI, Bhattacharya A, Letavic MA. Identification of (R)-(2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methanone (JNJ 54166060), a Small Molecule Antagonist of the P2X7 receptor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8535-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin M. Swanson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Brad M. Savall
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Kevin J. Coe
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Freddy Schoetens
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Tatiana Koudriakova
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Judith Skaptason
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Jessica Wall
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Jason Rech
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Xiahou Deng
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Janssen Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, A Division of Janssen-Cilag, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Anita Everson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Hong Ao
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Brian Scott
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Kia Sepassi
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Timothy W. Lovenberg
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Nicholas I. Carruthers
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
| | - Michael A. Letavic
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121 United States
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15
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The evolution of P2X7 antagonists with a focus on CNS indications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3838-45. [PMID: 27426304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is an ATP-gated nonselective cation channel that has been linked to a number of inflammatory diseases. Activation of the P2X7 receptor by elevated levels of ATP results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines and elevated levels of these cytokines has been associated with a variety of disease states. A number of research groups in both industry and academia have explored the identification of P2X7R antagonists as therapeutic agents. Much of this early effort focused on the treatment of diseases related to peripheral inflammation and resulted in several clinical candidates, none of which were advanced to market. The emerging role of the P2X7 receptor in neuroinflammation and related diseases has resulted in a shift in medicinal chemistry efforts toward the development of centrally penetrant antagonists. This review will highlight the biology supporting the role of P2X7 in diseases related to neuroinflammation and review the recent medicinal chemistry efforts to identify centrally penetrant antagonists.
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