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Miceli RT, Corr DT, Barroso M, Dogra N, Gross RA. Sophorolipids: Anti-cancer activities and mechanisms. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 65:116787. [PMID: 35526504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are biosurfactants synthesized as secondary metabolites by non-pathogenic yeasts and other microorganisms. They are members of glycolipid microbial surfactant family that consists of a sophorose polar head group and, most often, an ω-1 hydroxylated fatty acid glycosidically linked to the sophorose moiety. Since the fermentative production of SLs is high (>200 g/L), SLs have the potential to provide low-cost therapeutics. Natural and modified SLs possess anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines such as those derived from breast, cervical, colon, liver, brain, and the pancreas. Corresponding data on their cytotoxicity against noncancerous cell lines including human embryo kidney, umbilical vein, and mouse fibroblasts is also discussed. These results are compiled to elucidate trends in SL-structures that lead to higher efficacy against cancer cell lines and lower cytotoxicity for normal cell lines. While extrapolation of these results provides some insights into the design of SLs with optimal therapeutic indices, we also provide a critical assessment of gaps and inconsistencies in the literature as well as the lack of data connecting structure-to-anticancer and cytotoxicity on normal cells. Furthermore, SL-mechanism of action against cancer cell lines, that includes proliferation inhibition, induction of apoptosis, membrane disruption and mitochondria mediated pathways are discussed. Perspectives on future research to develop SL anticancer therapeutics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Miceli
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Margardia Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Richard A Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
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2
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Gottipati MK, D'Amato AR, Ziemba AM, Popovich PG, Gilbert RJ. TGFβ3 is neuroprotective and alleviates the neurotoxic response induced by aligned poly-l-lactic acid fibers on naïve and activated primary astrocytes. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:273-282. [PMID: 33035696 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury, astrocytes at the site of injury become reactive and exhibit a neurotoxic (A1) phenotype, which leads to neuronal death. In addition, the glial scar, which is composed of reactive astrocytes, acts as a chemical and physical barrier to subsequent axonal regeneration. Biomaterials, specifically electrospun fibers, induce a migratory phenotype of astrocytes and promote regeneration of axons following acute spinal cord injury in preclinical models. However, no study has examined the potential of electrospun fibers or biomaterials in general to modulate neurotoxic (A1) or neuroprotective (A2) astrocytic phenotypes. To assess astrocyte reactivity in response to aligned poly-l-lactic acid microfibers, naïve spinal cord astrocytes or spinal cord astrocytes primed towards the neurotoxic phenotype (A1) were cultured on fibrous scaffolds. Gene expression analysis of the pan-reactive astrocyte makers (GFAP, Lcn2, SerpinA3), A1 specific markers (H2-D1, SerpinG1), and A2 specific makers (Emp1, S100a10) was done using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Electrospun fibers mildly increased the expression of the pan-reactive and A1-specific markers, showing the ability of fibrous materials to induce a more reactive, A1 phenotype. However, when naïve or activated astrocytes were cultured on fibers in the presence of transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3), the expression of A1-specific markers was greatly reduced, which in turn improved neuronal survival in culture.
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Zajd CM, Ziemba AM, Miralles GM, Nguyen T, Feustel PJ, Dunn SM, Gilbert RJ, Lennartz MR. Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used. Front Immunol 2020; 11:269. [PMID: 32153579 PMCID: PMC7047825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous and plastic population of cells whose phenotype changes in response to their environment. Macrophage biologists utilize peritoneal (pMAC) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) for in vitro studies. Given that pMACs mature in vivo while BMDM are ex vivo differentiated from stem cells, it is likely that their responses differ under experimental conditions. Surprisingly little is known about how BMDM and pMACs responses compare under the same experimental conditionals. While morphologically similar with respect to forward and side scatter by flow cytometry, reports in the literature suggest that pMACs are more mature than their BMDM counterparts. Given the dearth of information comparing BMDM and pMACs, this work was undertaken to test the hypothesis that elicited pMACs are more responsive to defined conditions, including phagocytosis, respiratory burst, polarization, and cytokine and chemokine release. In all cases, our hypothesis was disproved. At steady state, BMDM are more phagocytic (both rate and extent) than elicited pMACs. In response to polarization, they upregulate chemokine and cytokine gene expression and release more cytokines. The results demonstrate that BMDM are generally more responsive and poised to respond to their environment, while pMAC responses are, in comparison, less pronounced. BMDM responses are a function of intrinsic differences, while pMAC responses reflect their differentiation in the context of the whole animal. This distinction may be important in knockout animals, where the pMAC phenotype may be influenced by the absence of the gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Zajd
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Alexis M Ziemba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Grace M Miralles
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paul J Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Stanley M Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Michelle R Lennartz
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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4
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Ziemba AM, D'Amato AR, MacEwen TM, Puhl DL, Koppes AN, Koppes RA, Lennartz MR, Gilbert RJ. Stabilized Interleukin-4-Loaded Poly(lactic- co-glycolic) Acid Films Shift Proinflammatory Macrophages toward a Regenerative Phenotype in Vitro. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1498-1508. [PMID: 31061988 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration; however, the sustained presence of proinflammatory macrophages in wound sites impairs healing. In this study, we shifted peritoneal macrophage polarization away from a proinflammatory (M1) phenotype through exposure to stabilized interleukin-4 (IL-4) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films in combination with topographical guidance from electrospun poly-L-lactic acid fibers. To our knowledge, this was the first study to stabilize IL-4 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) within a biomaterial. When IL-4 was coloaded with BSA for stabilization, we saw increased IL-4 bioactivity compared to no added stabilization, trehalose stabilization, or murine serum albumin stabilization. We observed increased elongation of peritoneal macrophages, increased RNA expression of anti-inflammatory marker arginase-1, increased ratio of interleukin-10/interleukin- 12 p40 RNA, and decreased protein expression of proinflammatory markers (interleukin-12 p40 and RANTES) compared to controls. Taken together, these results suggest the macrophages were less proinflammatory and were a more pro-resolving phenotype. When stabilized with BSA, IL-4-loaded films effectively shift macrophage polarization state and are thus promising scaffolds to reduce inflammation within in vivo injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Ziemba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Anthony R D'Amato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Taylor M MacEwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Devan L Puhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Abigail N Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ryan A Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michelle R Lennartz
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Diaz-Rodriguez P, Chen H, Erndt-Marino JD, Liu F, Totsingan F, Gross RA, Hahn MS. Impact of Select Sophorolipid Derivatives on Macrophage Polarization and Viability. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:601-612. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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