1
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Blacher C, Abramov-Harpaz K, Miller Y. Primary Nucleation of Polymorphic α-Synuclein Dimers Depends on Copper Concentrations and Definite Copper-Binding Site. Biomolecules 2024; 14:627. [PMID: 38927031 PMCID: PMC11201572 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary nucleation process of α-synuclein (AS) that forms toxic oligomeric species is the early stage of the pathological cause of Parkinson's disease. It is well-known that copper influences this primary nucleation process. While significant efforts have been made to solve the structures of polymorphic AS fibrils, the structures of AS oligomers and the copper-bound AS oligomers at the molecular level and the effect of copper concentrations on the primary nucleation are elusive. Here, we propose and demonstrate new molecular mechanism pathways of primary nucleation of AS that are tuned by distinct copper concentrations and by a specific copper-binding site. We present the polymorphic AS dimers bound to different copper-binding sites at the atomic resolution in high- and low-copper concentrations, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show the complexity of the primary nucleation pathways that rely on the copper concentrations and the copper binding site. From a broader perspective, our study proposes a new strategy to control the primary nucleation of other toxic amyloid oligomers in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmia Blacher
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Karina Abramov-Harpaz
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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2
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Huang M, Zhang Y, Liu X. The mechanism of cuproptosis in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102214. [PMID: 38311254 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with an increased morbidity. The pathogenesis PD has not been fully elucidated, and whatever mechanism is involved, it ultimately leads to dopamine (DA) neuronal apoptosis. Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death. Its morphology, biochemical properties, and mechanism of action differ from known forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis and pyroptosis. Copper binds to the lipoylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, causing proteotoxic stress that ultimately leads to cellular cuproptosis. PD has biochemical features such as mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased levels of copper and glutathione in brain regions. This is closely related to the cuproptosis mechanism. However, the specific link between the pathogenesis of PD and cuproptosis is unclear. Herein, we summarizes cuproptosis as the cause of DA neuronal death in PD, and the relationship between cuproptosis and the PD pathogenesis. This article provides a research basis for targeted cuproptosis for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Copper Binding and Redox Activity of α-Synuclein in Membrane-Like Environment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020287. [PMID: 36830656 PMCID: PMC9953312 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) constitutes the main protein component of Lewy bodies, which are the pathologic hallmark in Parkinson's disease. αSyn is unstructured in solution but the interaction of αSyn with lipid membrane modulates its conformation by inducing an α-helical structure of the N-terminal region. In addition, the interaction with metal ions can trigger αSyn conformation upon binding and/or through the metal-promoted generation of reactive oxygen species which lead to a cascade of structural alterations. For these reasons, the ternary interaction between αSyn, copper, and membranes needs to be elucidated in detail. Here, we investigated the structural properties of copper-αSyn binding through NMR, EPR, and XAS analyses, with particular emphasis on copper(I) coordination since the reduced state is particularly relevant for oxygen activation chemistry. The analysis was performed in different membrane model systems, such as micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and unilamellar vesicles, comparing the binding of full-length αSyn and N-terminal peptide fragments. The presence of membrane-like environments induced the formation of a copper:αSyn = 1:2 complex where Cu+ was bound to the Met1 and Met5 residues of two helical peptide chains. In this coordination, Cu+ is stabilized and is unreactive in the presence of O2 in catechol substrate oxidation.
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4
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Savva L, Platts JA. How Cu(II) binding affects structure and dynamics of α-synuclein revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 239:112068. [PMID: 36403437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report accelerated molecular dynamics simulations of α-Synuclein and its complex with two Cu(II) ions bound to experimentally determined binding sites. Adding two Cu(II) ions, one bound to the N-terminal region and one to the C-terminus, decreases size and flexibility of the peptide while introducing significant new contacts within and between N-terminus and non-Aβ component (NAC). Cu(II) ions also alter the pattern of secondary structure within the peptide, inducing more and longer-lasting elements of secondary structure such as β-strands and hairpins. Free energy surfaces, obtained from reweighting the accelerated molecular dynamics boost potential, further demonstrate the restriction on size and flexibility that results from binding of copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loizos Savva
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK..
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5
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Crossroads between copper ions and amyloid formation in Parkinson's disease. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:977-986. [PMID: 35757906 PMCID: PMC9760422 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) ion dys-homeostasis and α-synclein amyloid deposits are two hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, I will discuss the connections between these features, with a major focus on the role of Cu in the α-synuclein (aS) amyloid formation process. The structurally disordered aS monomer can bind to both redox states of Cu (i.e., oxidized Cu(II) and reduced Cu(I)) with high affinity in vitro. Notably, the presence of Cu(II) (in absence of aS N-terminal acetylation) and Cu(I) (when in complex with the copper chaperone Atox1) modulate aS assembly into β-structured amyloids in opposite directions in vitro. Albeit the link to biological relevance is not fully unraveled, existing observations clearly emphasize the need for more knowledge on this interplay and its consequences to eventually combat destructive reactions that promote PD.
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6
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Bacchella C, Dell'Acqua S, Nicolis S, Monzani E, Casella L. The reactivity of copper complexes with neuronal peptides promoted by catecholamines and its impact on neurodegeneration. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Bisi N, Feni L, Peqini K, Pérez-Peña H, Ongeri S, Pieraccini S, Pellegrino S. α-Synuclein: An All-Inclusive Trip Around its Structure, Influencing Factors and Applied Techniques. Front Chem 2021; 9:666585. [PMID: 34307295 PMCID: PMC8292672 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.666585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a highly expressed and conserved protein, typically found in the presynaptic terminals of neurons. The misfolding and aggregation of αSyn into amyloid fibrils is a pathogenic hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases called synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease. Since αSyn is an Intrinsically Disordered Protein, the characterization of its structure remains very challenging. Moreover, the mechanisms by which the structural conversion of monomeric αSyn into oligomers and finally into fibrils takes place is still far to be completely understood. Over the years, various studies have provided insights into the possible pathways that αSyn could follow to misfold and acquire oligomeric and fibrillar forms. In addition, it has been observed that αSyn structure can be influenced by different parameters, such as mutations in its sequence, the biological environment (e.g., lipids, endogenous small molecules and proteins), the interaction with exogenous compounds (e.g., drugs, diet components, heavy metals). Herein, we review the structural features of αSyn (wild-type and disease-mutated) that have been elucidated up to present by both experimental and computational techniques in different environmental and biological conditions. We believe that this gathering of current knowledge will further facilitate studies on αSyn, helping the planning of future experiments on the interactions of this protein with targeting molecules especially taking into consideration the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Bisi
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Lucia Feni
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kaliroi Peqini
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Pérez-Peña
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | | | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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8
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Ramis R, Ortega-Castro J, Vilanova B, Adrover M, Frau J. Cu 2+, Ca 2+, and methionine oxidation expose the hydrophobic α-synuclein NAC domain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:251-263. [PMID: 33345970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein whose aggregation is related to Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Metal cations are one of the main factors affecting the propensity of α-synuclein to aggregate, either by directly binding to it or by catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species that oxidize it. His50, Asp121 and several additional C-terminal α-synuclein residues are binding sites for numerous metal cations, while methionine sulfoxidation occurs readily on this protein under oxidative stress conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations are an excellent tool to obtain a microscopic picture of how metal binding or methionine sulfoxidation alter the conformational preferences of α-synuclein and, hence, its aggregation propensity. In this work, we report the first coarse-grained molecular dynamics study comparing the conformational ensembles of the native protein, the protein bound to either Cu2+ or Ca2+ at its main binding sites, and the methionine-sulfoxidized protein. Our results suggest that these events alter the transient α-synuclein intramolecular contacts, inducing a greater solvent exposure of its hydrophobic, aggregation-prone NAC domain, in full agreement with a recent experimental study on Ca2+ binding. Moreover, metal-binding residues directly participate in the long-range contacts that shield this domain and regulate α-synuclein aggregation. These results provide a molecular-level rationalization of the enhanced fibrillation experimentally observed in the presence of Cu2+ or Ca2+ and the oligomerization induced by methionine sulfoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramis
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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9
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Calvo JS, Mulpuri NV, Dao A, Qazi NK, Meloni G. Membrane insertion exacerbates the α-Synuclein-Cu(II) dopamine oxidase activity: Metallothionein-3 targets and silences all α-synuclein-Cu(II) complexes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:149-161. [PMID: 32712192 PMCID: PMC7484060 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper binding to α-synuclein (α-Syn), the major component of intracellular Lewy body inclusions in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, potentiate its toxic redox-reactivity and plays a detrimental role in the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Soluble α-synuclein-Cu(II) complexes possess dopamine oxidase activity and catalyze ROS production in the presence of biological reducing agents via Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycling. These metal-centered redox reactivities harmfully promote the oxidation and oligomerization of α-Syn. While this chemistry has been investigated on recombinantly expressed soluble α-Syn, in vivo, α-Syn is acetylated at its N-terminus and is present in equilibrium between soluble and membrane-bound forms. This post-translational modification and membrane-binding alter the Cu(II) coordination environment and binding modes and are expected to affect the α-Syn-Cu(II) reactivity. In this work, we first investigated the reactivity of acetylated and membrane-bound complexes, and subsequently addressed whether the brain metalloprotein Zn7-metallothionein-3 (Zn7MT-3) possesses a multifaceted-role in targeting these aberrant copper interactions and consequent reactivity. Through biochemical characterization of the reactivity of the non-acetylated/N-terminally acetylated soluble or membrane-bound α-Syn-Cu(II) complexes towards dopamine, oxygen, and ascorbate, we reveal that membrane insertion dramatically exacerbates the catechol oxidase-like reactivity of α-Syn-Cu(II) as a result of a change in the Cu(II) coordination environment, thereby potentiating its toxicity. Moreover, we show that Zn7MT-3 can efficiently target all α-Syn-Cu(II) complexes through Cu(II) removal, preventing their deleterious redox activities. We demonstrate that the Cu(II) reduction by the thiolate ligands of Zn7MT-3 and the formation of Cu(I)4Zn4MT-3 featuring an unusual redox-inert Cu(I)4-thiolate cluster is the molecular mechanism responsible for the protective effect exerted by MT-3 towards α-Syn-Cu(II). This work provides the molecular basis for new therapeutic interventions to control the deleterious bioinorganic chemistry of α-Syn-Cu(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer S Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Neha V Mulpuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Alex Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nabeeha K Qazi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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10
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Curry AM, Fernàndez RD, Pagani TD, Abeyawardhane DL, Trahan ML, Lucas HR. Mapping of Photochemically-Derived Dityrosine across Fe-Bound N-Acetylated α-Synuclein. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10080124. [PMID: 32726960 PMCID: PMC7459884 DOI: 10.3390/life10080124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disease and belongs to a group of neurodegenerative disorders called synucleinopathies in which pathological aggregates of N-terminally acetylated α-synuclein (NAcα-Syn) accumulate in various regions of the brain. In PD, these NAcα-Syn aggregates have been found to contain covalent dityrosine crosslinks, which can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. Cerebral metal imbalance is also a hallmark of PD, warranting investigations into the effects of brain biometals on NAcα-Syn. NAcα-Syn is an intrinsically disordered protein, and metal-mediated conformational modifications of this structurally dynamic protein have been demonstrated to influence its propensity for dityrosine formation. In this study, a library of tyrosine-to-phenylalanine (Y-to-F) NAcα-Syn constructs were designed in order to elucidate the nature and the precise residues involved in dityrosine crosslinking of Fe-bound NAcα-Syn. The structural capacity of each mutant to form dityrosine crosslinks was assessed using Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins (PICUP), demonstrating that coordination of either FeIII or FeII to NAcα-Syn inhibits dityrosine crosslinking among the C-terminal residues. We further demonstrate that Y39 is the main contributor to dityrosine formation of Fe-bound NAcα-Syn, while Y125 is the main residue involved in dityrosine crosslinks in unmetalated NAcα-Syn. Our results confirm that iron coordination has a global effect on NAcα-Syn structure and reactivity.
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11
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Falcone E, Ahmed IMM, Oliveri V, Bellia F, Vileno B, El Khoury Y, Hellwig P, Faller P, Vecchio G. Acrolein and Copper as Competitive Effectors of α‐Synuclein. Chemistry 2020; 26:1871-1879. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Falcone
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Catania A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177CNRSUniversité de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Ikhlas M. M. Ahmed
- Istituto di CristallografiaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Catania A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Catania A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Istituto di CristallografiaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177CNRSUniversité de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
- French EPR Federation of ResearchFédération IR-RPE CNRS 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Youssef El Khoury
- Laboratoire de bioélectrochimie et spectroscopie, UMR 7140CNRSUniversité de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de bioélectrochimie et spectroscopie, UMR 7140CNRSUniversité de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg France
- Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS)Université de Strasbourg 5 allée du Général Rouvillois 67083 Strasbourg France
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177CNRSUniversité de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Catania A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
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12
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Abeyawardhane DL, Curry AM, Forney AK, Roberts JW, Lucas HR. Biometals as conformational modulators of α-synuclein photochemical crosslinking. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1261-1268. [PMID: 31728738 PMCID: PMC7334974 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis has long been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), and the amyloidogenic protein α-synuclein (αS) is universally recognized as a key player in PD pathology. Structural consequences upon coordination of copper and iron to αS have gained attention due to significant dyshomeostasis of both metals in the PD brain. Protein-metal association can navigate protein folding in distinctive pathways based on the identity of the bio-metal in question. In this work, we employed photo-chemical crosslinking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) to evaluate these potential metal ion-induced structural alterations in the folding dynamics of N-terminally acetylated αS (NAcαS) following metal coordination. Through fluorescence analysis and immunoblotting analyses following photoirradiation, we discovered that coordination of iron obstructs copper-promoted crosslinking. The absence of intra-molecular crosslinking upon iron association further supports its C-terminal coordination site and suggests a potential role for iron in mitigating nearby post-translational modification of tyrosine residues. Decreased fluorescence emission upon synergistic coordination of both copper and iron highlighted that although copper acts as a conformational promotor of NAcαS crosslinking, iron inhibits analogous conformational changes within the protein. The metal coordination preferences of NAcαS suggest that both competitive binding sites as well as dual metal coordination contribute to the changes in folding dynamics, unveiling unique structural orientations for NAcαS that have a direct and measureable influence on photoinitiated dityrosine crosslinks. Moreover, our findings have physiological implications in that iron overload, as is associated with PD-insulted brain tissue, may serve as a conformational block of copper-promoted protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyson M Curry
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Ashley K Forney
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Joel W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Heather R Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
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13
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Tian Y, Stanyon HF, Barritt JD, Mayet U, Patel P, Karamani E, Fusco G, Viles JH. Copper2+ Binding to α-Synuclein. Histidine50 Can Form a Ternary Complex with Cu2+ at the N-Terminus but Not a Macrochelate. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15580-15589. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tian
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Helen F. Stanyon
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph D Barritt
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Uroosa Mayet
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Pelak Patel
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Karamani
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Giuliana Fusco
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John H. Viles
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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14
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Redox active metals in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1141-1157. [PMID: 31650248 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are redox active metals essential for the regulation of cellular pathways that are fundamental for brain function, including neurotransmitter synthesis and release, neurotransmission, and protein turnover. Cu and Fe are tightly regulated by sophisticated homeostatic systems that tune the levels and localization of these redox active metals. The regulation of Cu and Fe necessitates their coordination to small organic molecules and metal chaperone proteins that restrict their reactions to specific protein centres, where Cu and Fe cycle between reduced (Fe2+, Cu+) and oxidised states (Fe3+, Cu2+). Perturbation of this regulation is evident in the brain affected by neurodegeneration. Here we review the evidence that links Cu and Fe dyshomeostasis to neurodegeneration as well as the promising preclinical and clinical studies reporting pharmacological intervention to remedy Cu and Fe abnormalities in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Iron Redox Chemistry and Implications in the Parkinson's Disease Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4609702. [PMID: 31687080 PMCID: PMC6803728 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4609702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with cellular inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain that are enriched in the misfolded presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αS) and death of the dopaminergic neurons. Brain iron homeostasis governs both neurotransmission and neurodegeneration; hence, the role of iron in PD progression and neuronal health is apparent. Elevated iron deposits become prevalent in the cerebral region upon aging and even more so in the PD brain. Structural as well as oxidative modifications can result from coordination of αS with redox active iron, which could have functional and/or pathological implications. In this review, we will discuss iron-mediated αS aggregation, alterations in iron metabolism, and the role of the iron-dopamine couple. Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated αS, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. Oxidative pathways and biochemical alterations resulting from aberrant iron-induced chemistry are the principal focus of this review in order to highlight the plethora of research that has uncovered this emerging dichotomy of iron playing both functional and disruptive roles in PD pathology.
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Bloch DN, Kolkowska P, Tessari I, Baratto MC, Sinicropi A, Bubacco L, Mangani S, Pozzi C, Valensin D, Miller Y. Fibrils of α-Synuclein Abolish the Affinity of Cu2+-Binding Site to His50 and Induce Hopping of Cu2+ Ions in the Termini. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10920-10927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Paulina Kolkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Tessari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58b 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Baratto
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Sinicropi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Italian National Council for Research, Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Italian National Council for Research, Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Valensin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
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