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Meng X, Pang X, Liu X, Luo S, Zhang X, Dong H. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on DNA-Bio-Bar-Code and Hybridization Chain Reaction Dual Signal Amplification for Exosomes Detection. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39090799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have received considerable attention as potent reference markers for the diagnosis of various neoplasms due to their close and direct relationship with the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of tumor. The ultrasensitive detection of cancer-derived low-abundance exosomes is imperative, but still a great challenge. Herein, we report an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on the DNA-bio-bar-code and hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-mediated dual signal amplification for the ultrasensitive detection of cancer-derived exosomes. In this system, two types of aptamers were modified on the magnetic nanoprobe (MNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with numerous bio-bar-code DNA, respectively, which formed "sandwich" structures in the presence of specific target exosomes. The "sandwich" structures were separated under magnetic field, and the numerous bio-bar-code DNA were released by dissolving AuNPs. The released bio-bar-code DNA triggered the HCR procedure to produce a good deal of long DNA duplex structure for embedding in hemin, which generated strong ECL signal in the presence of coreactors for ultrasensitive detection of exosomes. Under the optimal conditions, it exhibited a good linearly of exosomes ranging from 10 to 104 exosomes particle μL-1 with limit of detection down to 5.01 exosome particle μL-1. Furthermore, the high ratio of ECL signal and minor change of ECL intensity indicated the good specificity, stability, and repeatability of this ECL biosensor. Given the good performance for exosome analysis, this ultrasensitive ECL biosensor has a promising application in the clinical diagnosis of early cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdan Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 10083, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 10083, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiyou Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 10083, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 10083, P. R. China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 10083, P. R. China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yin H, Xiao Z, Ren Z, Ma X, Zhang J, Fu X, Zhang F, Zeng L. BI1 Activates Autophagy and Mediates TDP43 to Regulate ALS Pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04313-2. [PMID: 38954254 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most prevalent motor neuron disease in adults. Currently, there are no known drugs or clinical approaches that have demonstrated efficacy in treating ALS. Mitochondrial function and autophagy have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the development of ALS. While Bax inhibitor 1 (BI1) has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, its exact mechanism remains unknown. This study investigates the therapeutic impact of BI1 overexpression on ALS both in vivo and in vitro, revealing its ability to mitigate SOD1G93A-induced apoptosis, nuclear damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and axonal degeneration of motor neurons. At the same time, BI1 prolongs onset time and lifespan of ALS mice, improves motor function, and alleviates neuronal damage, muscle damage, neuromuscular junction damage among other aspects. The findings indicate that BI1 can inhibit pathological TDP43 morphology and initially stimulate autophagy through interaction with TDP43. This study establishes a solid theoretical foundation for understanding the regulation of autophagy by BI1 and TDP43 while shedding light on the pathogenesis of ALS through their interaction - offering new concepts and targets for clinical implementation and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hanlan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zixuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhichao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Linlin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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3
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Baruah H, Sarma A, Basak D, Das M. Exosome: From biology to drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1480-1516. [PMID: 38252268 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, different advancements have been observed in nanosized drug delivery systems. Factors such as stability, safety and targeting efficiency cause hindrances in the clinical translation of these synthetic nanocarriers. Therefore, researchers employed endogenous nanocarriers like exosomes as drug delivery vehicles that have an inherent ability to target more efficiently after appropriate functionalization and show higher biocompatibility and less immunogenicity and facilitate penetration through the biological barriers more quickly than the other available carriers. Exosomes are biologically derived lipid bilayer-enclosed nanosized extracellular vesicles (size ranges from 30 to 150 nm) secreted from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and appears significantly in the extracellular space. These EVs (extracellular vesicles) can exist in different sources, including mammals, plants and microorganisms. Different advanced techniques have been introduced for the isolation of exosomes to overcome the existing barriers present with conventional methods. Extensive research on the application of exosomes in therapeutic delivery for treating various diseases related to central nervous system, bone, cancer, skin, etc. has been employed. Several studies are on different stages of clinical trials, and many exosomes patents have been registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himakshi Baruah
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India.
| | - Debojeet Basak
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Mridusmita Das
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
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4
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Fallahi S, Zangbar HS, Farajdokht F, Rahbarghazi R, Mohaddes G, Ghiasi F. Exosomes as a therapeutic tool to promote neurorestoration and cognitive function in neurological conditions: Achieve two ends with a single effort. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14752. [PMID: 38775149 PMCID: PMC11110007 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes possess a significant role in intercellular communications. In the nervous system, various neural cells release exosomes that not only own a role in intercellular communications but also eliminate the waste of cells, maintain the myelin sheath, facilitate neurogenesis, and specifically assist in normal cognitive function. In neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke, exosomal cargo like miRNAs take part in the sequela of conditions and serve as a diagnostic tool of neurological disorders, too. Exosomes are not only a diagnostic tool but also their inhibition or administration from various sources like mesenchymal stem cells and serum, which have shown a worthy potential to treat multiple neurological disorders. In addition to neurodegenerative manifestations, cognitive deficiencies are an integral part of neurological diseases, and applying exosomes in improving both aspects of these diseases has been promising. This review discusses the status of exosome therapy in improving neurorestorative and cognitive function following neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Fallahi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Neurosciences Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Neurosciences Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Biomedical EducationCalifornia Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic MedicineClovisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Fariba Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Qiu H, Liang J, Yang G, Xie Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang J, Nanda HS, Zhou H, Huang Y, Peng X, Lu C, Chen H, Zhou Y. Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372847. [PMID: 38633106 PMCID: PMC11021734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm. They contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and material transfer. In tumor immunity, exosomes present various functions while the following two are of great importance: regulating the immune response and serving as delivery carriers. This review starts with the introduction of the formation, compositions, functions, isolation, characterization, and applications of exosomes, and subsequently discusses the current status of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, and the recent applications of exosome-based tumor immunity regulation and antitumor drug delivery. Finally, current challenge and future prospects are proposed and hope to demonstrate inspiration for targeted readers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Junting Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Chen C, Qi J, Li Y, Li D, Wu L, Li R, Chen Q, Sun N. Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1301107. [PMID: 38370434 PMCID: PMC10869569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1301107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Raman scattering is an inelastic light scattering that occurs in a manner reflective of the molecular vibrations of molecular structures and chemical conditions in a given sample of interest. Energy changes in the scattered light can be assessed to determine the vibration mode and associated molecular and chemical conditions within the sample, providing a molecular fingerprint suitable for sample identification and characterization. Raman spectroscopy represents a particularly promising approach to the molecular analysis of many diseases owing to clinical advantages including its instantaneous nature and associated high degree of stability, as well as its ability to yield signal outputs corresponding to a single molecule type without any interference from other molecules as a result of its narrow peak width. This technology is thus ideally suited to the simultaneous assessment of multiple analytes. Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasingly significant threat to global public health owing to progressive population aging, imposing a severe physical and social burden on affected patients who tend to develop cognitive and/or motor deficits beginning between the ages of 50 and 70. Owing to a relatively limited understanding of the etiological basis for these diseases, treatments are lacking for the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The present review was formulated with the goal of briefly explaining the principle of Raman spectroscopy and discussing its potential applications in the diagnosis and evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular emphasis on the research prospects of this novel technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
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Sheykhhasan M, Heidari F, Farsani ME, Azimzadeh M, Kalhor N, Ababzadeh S, Seyedebrahimi R. Dual Role of Exosome in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review Study. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:852-864. [PMID: 37496136 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230726161035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the crucial means of intercellular communication, which takes many different forms. They are heterogeneous, secreted by a range of cell types, and can be generally classified into microvesicles and exosomes depending on their location and function. Exosomes are small EVs with diameters of about 30-150 nm and diverse cell sources. METHODS The MEDLINE/PubMed database was reviewed for papers written in English and publication dates of recent years, using the search string "Exosome" and "Neurodegenerative diseases." RESULTS The exosomes have attracted interest as a significant biomarker for a better understanding of disease development, gene silencing delivery, and alternatives to stem cell-based therapy because of their low-invasive therapeutic approach, repeatable distribution in the central nervous system (CNS), and high efficiency. Also, they are nanovesicles that carry various substances, which can have an impact on neural plasticity and cognitive functioning in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Therefore, exosomes are conceived as nanovesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, their composition varies considerably depending on the cells from which they are produced. CONCLUSION In the present review, we discuss several techniques for the isolation of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, reviewing research on exosomes' possible functions as carriers of bioactive substances implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative illnesses, we further examine them. We also analyze the preclinical and clinical research that shows exosomes to have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Eslami Farsani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Seyedebrahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Sun Q, Weng RX, Li JH, Li YC, Xu JT, Li R, Lu X, Xu GY. Rab27a-mediated exosome secretion in anterior cingulate cortex contributes to colorectal visceral pain in adult mice with neonatal maternal deprivation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G356-G367. [PMID: 37529842 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00029.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic visceral pain is a common symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Exosomes are involved in the development of pain. Rab27a can mediate the release of exosomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Rab27a-mediated exosome secretion in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regulates visceral hyperalgesia induced with neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) in adult mice. The colorectal distension method was adopted to measure visceral pain. The BCA protein assay kit was applied to detect the exosome protein concentration. Western blotting, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence technique were adopted to detect the expression of Rab27a and the markers of exosomes. Exosomes extracted from ACC were more in NMD mice than in control (CON) mice. Injection of the exosome-specific inhibitor GW4869 in ACC attenuated colorectal visceral pain of NMD mice. Injection of NMD-derived exosomes produced colorectal visceral pain in CON mice. Rab27a was upregulated in ACC of NMD mice. Rab27a was highly expressed in ACC neurons of NMD mice, rather than astrocytes and microglia. Injection of Rab27a-siRNA reduced the release of exosomes and attenuated the colorectal visceral pain in NMD mice. This study suggested that overexpression of Rab27a increased exosome secretion in ACC neurons, thus contributing to visceral hyperalgesia in NMD mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrated that the expression of Rab27a in the anterior cingulate cortex was upregulated, which mediated multivesicular bodies trafficking to the plasma membrane and led to the increased release of neuronal exosomes, thus contributing to colorectal visceral pain in neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) mice. Blocking the release of exosomes or downregulation of Rab27a could alleviate colorectal visceral pain in NMD mice. These data may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xia Weng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Tian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Hai'an People's Hospital, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Dey A, Ghosh S, Bhuniya T, Koley M, Bera A, Guha S, Chakraborty K, Muthu S, Gorai S, Vorn R, Vadivalagan C, Anand K. Clinical Theragnostic Signature of Extracellular Vesicles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2981-2994. [PMID: 37624044 PMCID: PMC10485905 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and fatality worldwide. Depending on the clinical presentation, it is a type of acquired brain damage that can be mild, moderate, or severe. The degree of patient's discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic approach, survival rates, and recurrence can all be strongly impacted by an accurate diagnosis made early on. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), along with neuroimaging (MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scan), is a neurological assessment tools used to evaluate and categorize the severity of TBI based on the patient's level of consciousness, eye opening, and motor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a growing domain, explaining neurological complications in a more detailed manner. EVs, in general, play a role in cellular communication. Its molecular signature such as DNA, RNA, protein, etc. contributes to the status (health or pathological stage) of the parental cell. Brain-derived EVs support more specific screening (diagnostic and prognostic) in TBI research. Therapeutic impact of EVs are more promising for aiding in TBI healing. It is nontoxic, biocompatible, and capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to transport therapeutic molecules. This review has highlighted the relationships between EVs and TBI theranostics, EVs and TBI-related clinical trials, and related research domain-associated challenges and solutions. This review motivates further exploration of associations between EVs and TBI and develops a better approach to TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Dey
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Biological Engineering, IIT Guwahati, North
Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Tiyasa Bhuniya
- Department
of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Madhurima Koley
- Chemistry
and Chemical Biology department, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Aishi Bera
- Heritage
Institute of Technology, Chowbaga, Anandapur, Kolkata 700107, India
| | - Sudeepta Guha
- Chemistry
and Chemical Biology department, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | | | - Sathish Muthu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush University
Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rany Vorn
- School
of Nursing and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department
of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical
Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department
of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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10
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Wang C, Shao S, Li N, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liu B. Advances in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Aβ Therapy Based on Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13110. [PMID: 37685916 PMCID: PMC10487952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) urgently needs innovative treatments due to the increasing aging population and lack of effective drugs and therapies. The amyloid fibrosis of AD-associated β-amyloid (Aβ) that could induce a series of cascades, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, is a critical factor in the progression of AD. Recently, peptide-based therapies for AD are expected to be great potential strategies for the high specificity to the targets, low toxicity, fast blood clearance, rapid cell and tissue permeability, and superior biochemical characteristics. Specifically, various chiral amino acids or peptide-modified interfaces draw much attention as effective manners to inhibit Aβ fibrillation. On the other hand, peptide-based inhibitors could be obtained through affinity screening such as phage display or by rational design based on the core sequence of Aβ fibrosis or by computer aided drug design based on the structure of Aβ. These peptide-based therapies can inhibit Aβ fibrillation and reduce cytotoxicity induced by Aβ aggregation and some have been shown to relieve cognition in AD model mice and reduce Aβ plaques in mice brains. This review summarizes the design method and characteristics of peptide inhibitors and their effect on the amyloid fibrosis of Aβ. We further describe some analysis methods for evaluating the inhibitory effect and point out the challenges in these areas, and possible directions for the design of AD drugs based on peptides, which lay the foundation for the development of new effective drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunli Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, China; (C.W.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shuai Shao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, China; (C.W.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, China; (C.W.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, China; (C.W.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, China; (C.W.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, China; (C.W.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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11
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Aguilar MA, Ebanks S, Markus H, Lewis MM, Midya V, Vrana K, Huang X, Hall MA, Kawasawa YI. Neuronally enriched microvesicle RNAs are differentially expressed in the serums of Parkinson's patients. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145923. [PMID: 37483339 PMCID: PMC10357515 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating small RNAs (smRNAs) originate from diverse tissues and organs. Previous studies investigating smRNAs as potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether smRNA profiles from neuronally-enriched serum exosomes and microvesicles are altered in PD patients and discriminate PD subjects from controls. Methods Demographic, clinical, and serum samples were obtained from 60 PD subjects and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Exosomes and microvesicles were extracted and isolated using a validated neuronal membrane marker (CD171). Sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to identify differentially expressed smRNAs in PD and control samples. SmRNAs also were tested for association with clinical metrics. Logistic regression and random forest classification models evaluated the discriminative value of the smRNAs. Results In serum CD171 enriched exosomes and microvesicles, a panel of 29 smRNAs was expressed differentially between PD and controls (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Among the smRNAs, 23 were upregulated and 6 were downregulated in PD patients. Pathway analysis revealed links to cellular proliferation regulation and signaling. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator adjusted for the multicollinearity of these smRNAs and association tests to clinical parameters via linear regression did not yield significant results. Univariate logistic regression models showed that four smRNAs achieved an AUC ≥ 0.74 to discriminate PD subjects from controls. The random forest model had an AUC of 0.942 for the 29 smRNA panel. Conclusion CD171-enriched exosomes and microvesicles contain the differential expression of smRNAs between PD and controls. Future studies are warranted to follow up on the findings and understand the scientific and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris A. Aguilar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Shauna Ebanks
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Havell Markus
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Mechelle M. Lewis
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kent Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Molly A. Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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12
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Wang C, Yang Y, Zhang X, Shi Z, Gao H, Zhong M, Fan Y, Zhang H, Liu B, Qing G. Secreted endogenous macrosomes reduce Aβ burden and ameliorate Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0293. [PMID: 37235655 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the increasing size of the aging population and the lack of effective drug treatment. Here, we report the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by microglia, including macrosomes and small EVs, on AD-associated pathology. Macrosomes strongly inhibited β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and rescued cells from Aβ misfolding-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, macrosome administration reduced Aβ plaques and ameliorated cognitive impairment in mice with AD. In contrast, small EVs slightly promoted Aβ aggregation and did not improve AD pathology. Proteomic analysis of small EVs and macrosomes revealed that macrosomes harbor several important neuroprotective proteins that inhibit Aβ misfolding. In particular, the small integral membrane protein 10-like protein 2B in macrosomes has been shown to inhibit Aβ aggregation. Our observations provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD over conventional ineffective drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunli Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Manli Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Fan
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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13
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Li J, Huang Y, Sun H, Yang L. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of age-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181308. [PMID: 37275920 PMCID: PMC10232739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from multiple tissues have the capability of multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal. Many reports indicated that MSCs exert curative effects on a variety of age-related diseases through regeneration and repair of aging cells and organs. However, as research has progressed, it has become clear that it is the MSCs derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) that may have a real role to play, and that they can be modified to achieve better therapeutic results, making them even more advantageous than MSCs for treating disease. This review generalizes the biological characteristics of MSCs and exosomes and their mechanisms in treating age-related diseases, for example, MSCs and their exosomes can treat age-related diseases through mechanisms such as oxidative stress (OS), Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, and so on. In addition, current in vivo and in vitro trials are described, and ongoing clinical trials are discussed, as well as the prospects and challenges for the future use of exosomes in disease treatment. This review will provide references for using exosomes to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Abrishamdar M, Jalali MS, Yazdanfar N. The role of exosomes in pathogenesis and the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes against Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2023:10.1007/s10072-023-06706-y. [PMID: 36949298 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease. The predominant pathology of PD is the loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra. Cell transplantation is a strategy with significant potential for treating PD; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a tremendous therapeutic cell source because they are easily accessible. MSC-derived exosomes with potential protective action in lesioned sites serve as an essential promoter of neuroprotection, and neurodifferentiation, by modulating neural stem cells, neurons, glial cells, and axonal growth in vitro and in vivo environments. The biological properties of MSC-derived exosomes have been proposed as a beneficial tool in different pathological conditions, including PD. Therefore, in this review, we assort the current understanding of MSC-derived exosomes as a new possible therapeutic strategy for PD by providing an overview of the potential role of miRNAs as a component of exosomes in the cellular and molecular basis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abrishamdar
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Jalali
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Neda Yazdanfar
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Bhosale A, Paul G, Mazahir F, Yadav A. Theoretical and applied concepts of nanocarriers for the treatment of Parkinson's diseases. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121657. [PMID: 36552117 PMCID: PMC9776031 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia impedes the functional or metabolic demands of the central nervous system (CNS), which subsequently leads to irreversible brain damage. While recanalization of blocked vessels recovers cerebral blood flow, it can also aggravate brain injury, termed as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Exosomes, nanometric membrane vesicles, attracted wide attention as carriers of biological macromolecules. In the brain, exosomes can be secreted by almost all types of cells, and their contents can be altered during the pathological and clinical processes of cerebral I/R injury. Herein, we will review the current literature on the possible role of cargos derived from exosomes and exosomes-mediated intercellular communication in cerebral I/R injury. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched through January 2015. The studies published in English were identified using search terms including "exosomes", "cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury", "brain ischemia-reperfusion injury", and "stroke". We will also focus on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived exosomes and underlying mechanisms in cerebral I/R injury. Meanwhile, with the advantages of low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, high bioavailability, and the capacity to pass through the blood-brain barrier, exosomes also attract more attention as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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17
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Xu D, Di K, Fan B, Wu J, Gu X, Sun Y, Khan A, Li P, Li Z. MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:948959. [PMID: 36324901 PMCID: PMC9618890 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.948959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with a length of about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from cells and play a vital role in the development of diseases and can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, as they are the carriers of miRNA. Existing studies have found that most of the functions of miRNA are mainly realized through intercellular transmission of EVs, which can protect and sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity and specificity of EV-derived miRNA are higher than those of conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs have been expected to become a new marker for liquid biopsy. This review summarizes recent progress in several aspects of EVs, including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, and technology for isolation of EVs and detection of EV-derived miRNAs. In addition, the study reviews challenges and future research avenues in the field of EVs, providing a basis for the application of EV-derived miRNAs as a disease marker to be used in clinical diagnosis and even for the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Xu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Kaili Di
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boyue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinrui Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Adeel Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education (Southeast University), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Li, ; Zhiyang Li,
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Li, ; Zhiyang Li,
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18
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Liu SF, Li LY, Zhuang JL, Li MM, Ye LC, Chen XR, Lin S, Chen CN. Update on the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:950715. [PMID: 36262830 PMCID: PMC9573985 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.950715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has become the second largest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Traditional dopamine replacement therapy and deep brain stimulation can only alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients with PD but cannot cure the disease. In recent years, stem cell therapy has been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies have shown that stem cell transplantation has a therapeutic effect on PD. Here, we review recent studies indicating that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells also have the potential to treat PD in animal models, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This article reviews the mechanisms through which exosomes are involved in intercellular information exchange, promote neuroprotection and freely cross the blood-brain barrier in the treatment of PD. The increase in the incidence of PD and the decline in the quality of life of patients with advanced PD have placed a heavy burden on patients, families and society. Therefore, innovative therapies for PD are urgently needed. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of exosomes in PD, to provide new insights into the treatment of PD. The main purpose of this article is to explore the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and future research directions for this degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-fen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lin-yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jian-long Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mi-mi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Li-chao Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Shu Lin
| | - Chun-nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-nuan Chen
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19
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Lai JJ, Chau ZL, Chen S, Hill JJ, Korpany KV, Liang N, Lin L, Lin Y, Liu JK, Liu Y, Lunde R, Shen W. Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103222. [PMID: 35332686 PMCID: PMC9130923 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high-quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well-characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Lai
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Zoe L. Chau
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Sheng‐You Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - John J. Hill
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | | | - Nai‐Wen Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Li‐Han Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City10617Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Joanne K. Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Yu‐Chung Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Ruby Lunde
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Wei‐Ting Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental SciencesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
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20
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Salarpour S, Barani M, Pardakhty A, Khatami M, Pal Singh Chauhan N. The application of exosomes and Exosome-nanoparticle in treating brain disorders. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Wang Y, Amdanee N, Zhang X. Exosomes in schizophrenia: Pathophysiological mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e61. [PMID: 36082534 PMCID: PMC9532215 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder that detrimentally affects a significant portion of the worldwide population, its diagnosis is traditionally based on a relatively subjective assessment of current symptoms and medical history, devoid of an objective diagnostic modality. Antipsychotic medications are commonly used in the treatment of SCZ; however, some patients have low remission rates or forsake treatment due to the associated multiple side effects, resulting in recurrent episodes of the disease and poor prognosis. These situations imply that the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SCZ need to be improved to increase the odds of a better outcome. Mounting studies have found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in the central nervous system. They are implicated in several mechanisms closely associated with SCZ such as cellular communication and synaptic plasticity. They can additionally exhibit neuroprotective and therapeutic effects. Since they possess distinct constituents, are readily available, easily detectable, and dependent on the internal environment, they can potentially serve as reliable biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Moreover, their biological configuration along with their ability to increase the bioavailability of their constituents and modulate intricate intracellular reactions in target cells, propel EVs as new targets for treatment. This review paper summarizes relevant research pertaining to the roles of EVs in SCZ, with the aim of improving insights into SCZ pathogenesis and evaluating EVs as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
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22
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Wang Y, Wang W, Kong F, Zhang Q, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Yan B. Tango of dual nanoparticles: Interplays between exosomes and nanomedicine. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 7:e10269. [PMID: 35600647 PMCID: PMC9115704 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles released from cells as a mechanism of intracellular communication. Containing information molecules of their parental cells and inclining to fuse with targeted cells, exosomes are valuable in disease diagnosis and drug delivery. The realization of their clinic applications still faces difficulties, such as lacking technologies for fast purification and functional reading. The advancement of nanotechnology in recent decades makes it promising to overcome these difficulties. In this article, we summarized recent progress in utilizing the physiochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance exosome purification and detection sensitivity or to derive novel technologies. We also discussed the valuable applications of exosomes in NPs‐based drug delivery. Till now most studies in these fields are still at the laboratory research stage. Translation of these bench works into clinic applications still has a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
| | - Wenzhen Wang
- The Secondary Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
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23
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Protein Misfolding and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Roads to Biomarker Discovery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101508. [PMID: 34680141 PMCID: PMC8534011 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease among older adults. PD neuropathology is marked by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the widespread accumulation of misfolded intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn). Genetic mutations and post-translational modifications, such as α-syn phosphorylation, have been identified among the multiple factors supporting α-syn accrual during PD. A decline in the clearance capacity of the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosomal systems, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, have been indicated as major pathophysiological mechanisms of PD neurodegeneration. The accrual of misfolded α-syn aggregates into soluble oligomers, and the generation of insoluble fibrils composing the core of intraneuronal Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites observed during PD neurodegeneration, are ignited by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS activate the α-syn aggregation cascade and, together with the Lewy bodies, promote neurodegeneration. However, the molecular pathways underlying the dynamic evolution of PD remain undeciphered. These gaps in knowledge, together with the clinical heterogeneity of PD, have hampered the identification of the biomarkers that may be used to assist in diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognostication. Herein, we illustrate the main pathways involved in PD pathogenesis and discuss their possible exploitation for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(06)-3015-5559; Fax: +39-(06)-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Chen J, Zhang Q, Liu D, Liu Z. Exosomes: Advances, development and potential therapeutic strategies in diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2021; 122:154834. [PMID: 34217734 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a major type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are nanoscale vesicles excreted by almost all cell types via invagination of the endosomal membrane pathway. Exosomes play a crucial role in the mediation of intercellular communication both in health and disease, which can be ascribed to their capacity to be transported to neighboring or distant cells, thus regulating the biological function of recipient cells through cargos such as DNA, mRNA, proteins and microRNA. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus as well as a significant cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, which has resulted in a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. However, despite extensive efforts, therapeutic approaches that prevent the progression of DN do not exist, which implies new approaches are required. An increasing number of studies suggest that exosomes are involved in the pathophysiological processes associated with DN, which may potentially provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DN. Hence, this review summarizes recent advances involving exosome mechanisms in DN and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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25
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Mittal R, Bencie N, Langlie J, Mittal J, Eshraghi AA. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles and biomarkers for neurological and auditory systems. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8035-8049. [PMID: 34224589 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular membrane particles that play a crucial role in intracellular signaling. Research shows that exosomes have the potential to be used as biomarkers or drug delivery systems in specific organs, such as the neurological system and the inner ear. Exosomes in neurological and auditory systems release different molecules when under stress versus in healthy states, highlighting their potential use as biomarkers in the identification of diseased states. Studies have suggested that exosomes can be harnessed for drug delivery to hard-to-reach organs, such as cochlear sensory hair cells and the brain due to their ability to cross the blood-labyrinth and blood-brain barriers. In this article, we describe the biogenesis, classification, and characterization methods of exosomes. We then discuss recent studies that indicate their potential usage as biomarkers and drug delivery systems to help treat inner ear and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jake Langlie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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26
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Kadbhane A, Patel M, Srivastava S, Singh PK, Madan J, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Perspective insights and application of exosomes as a novel tool against neurodegenerative disorders: An expository appraisal. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomal MicroRNAs for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8884642. [PMID: 34054944 PMCID: PMC8143892 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8884642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are characterized by a gradual loss of neurons and functions that eventually leads to progressive neurological impairment. In view of the heavy burden on the healthcare system, efficient and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic treatments to reverse the progression of NDs are in urgent need. There has been an increasing interest in using exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers or targeted therapies for neurological diseases recently. In this review, we overviewed the updated studies on exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches in NDs, as well as their association with the pathophysiology of this group of disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). The exosomal miRNAs that are commonly dysregulated across different NDs or are commonly used as therapeutic candidates were also identified and summarized. In summary, the feasibility of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers and potential targeted therapy for NDs has been verified. However, due to the limitations of existing studies and the discrepancies across different studies, high quality laboratory and clinical investigations are still required.
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Cheslow L, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Emerging targets for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: examination of systemic biomarkers. Biomark Med 2021; 15:597-608. [PMID: 33988462 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly prevalent and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is typically diagnosed in an advanced stage. Currently, there are no approved biomarkers that reliably identify PD patients before they have undergone extensive neuronal damage, eliminating the opportunity for future disease-modifying therapies to intervene in disease progression. This unmet need for diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers has fueled PD research for decades, but these efforts have not yet yielded actionable results. Recently, studies exploring mechanisms underlying PD progression have offered insights into multisystemic contributions to pathology, challenging the classic perspective of PD as a disease isolated to the brain. This shift in understanding has opened the door to potential new biomarkers from multiple sites in the body. This review focuses on emerging candidates for PD biomarkers in the context of current diagnostic approaches and multiple organ systems that contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cheslow
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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29
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Kurian TK, Banik S, Gopal D, Chakrabarti S, Mazumder N. Elucidating Methods for Isolation and Quantification of Exosomes: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:249-266. [PMID: 33492613 PMCID: PMC7940341 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha Keren Kurian
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Soumyabrata Banik
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Dharshini Gopal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Shweta Chakrabarti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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30
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Proteomics Profiling of Neuron-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Plasma: Enabling Single-Subject Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062951. [PMID: 33799461 PMCID: PMC7999506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles have been intensively studied as a source of biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders. The possibility to isolate neuron-derived small extracellular vesicles (NDsEV) from blood represents a potential window into brain pathological processes. To date, the absence of sensitive NDsEV isolation and full proteome characterization methods has meant their protein content has been underexplored, particularly for individual patients. Here, we report a rapid method based on an immunoplate covalently coated with mouse monoclonal anti-L1CAM antibody for the isolation and the proteome characterization of plasma-NDsEV from individual Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. We isolated round-shaped vesicles with morphological characteristics consistent with exosomes. On average, 349 ± 38 protein groups were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, 20 of which are annotated in the Human Protein Atlas as being highly expressed in the brain, and 213 were shared with a reference NDsEV dataset obtained from cultured human neurons. Moreover, this approach enabled the identification of 23 proteins belonging to the Parkinson disease KEGG pathway, as well as proteins previously reported as PD circulating biomarkers.
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31
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Statistical Analysis for Identifying Differentially MicroRNA in Serum Exosomes of Lead Workers. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8841127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes can transmit central nervous system (CNS) information to the peripheral circulatory system through the brain barrier, and exosomes in the blood can also enter the central nervous system likewise. The components of exosomal contents play a pivotal role in cell signal communication, and thus, the transmission of exosomal content components is considered as a newly discovered method of long-distance communication between cells. The current is aimed to explore the changes of the exosomal microRNA group in the serum of lead-exposed workers, which might be involved in the lead-induced neuroinflammation, especially the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors. We proposed a method combining statistical analysis and experiment according to the different expression of exosomal microRNA. Firstly, we divided workers into two groups, lead-exposed group and control group, and then questionnaires were used to obtain their basic information, and medical testing methods were used to obtain their serum exosomes. Secondly, principal component analysis was used to construct a comprehensive index of neurobehavioral function. Furthermore, volcano map and heatmap were used to display the differential gene distribution and correlation analysis of expression levels, respectively. Finally, two software applications, TargetScan and miRanda, were used to predict the target genes of the significantly different microRNAs, respectively, and the target genes predicted by the two software applications are screened according to the scoring standards of each software. Our results showed that 73 microRNAs were changed in the serum exosomes of lead-exposed worker, among which 48 microRNAs are upregulated and 25 microRNAs are downregulated. Moreover, the miR-124 and miR-506 were identified, and they might be involved in the process of lead-induced neuroinflammation.
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32
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Luo S, Du L, Cui Y. Potential Therapeutic Applications and Developments of Exosomes in Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1447-1457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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33
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Tatullo M, Marrelli B, Zullo MJ, Codispoti B, Paduano F, Benincasa C, Fortunato F, Scacco S, Zavan B, Cocco T. Exosomes from Human Periapical Cyst-MSCs: Theranostic Application in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:657-663. [PMID: 32210716 PMCID: PMC7085217 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.41515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community continuously strives to get new disease models, to discover early markers or novel therapeutic approaches, improving the diagnosis and prognosis of several human pathologies. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by a long asymptomatic phase, characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recently, the human Periapical Cyst-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hPCy-MSCs) have been differentiated in functional dopaminergic neurons: such oral-derived MSCs and the hPCy-MSCs-derived exosomes may represent a strategic and useful in vitro study-model, as well as intriguing therapeutic carriers. Circadian rhythm (CR) alteration variously impacts on PD pathways: an interesting research target is represented by the analysis of the exosomes released by dopaminergic neurons, derived from neural-differentiated hPCy-MSCs, after having reproduced in-vitro PD-like conditions. This review aims to describe the crosstalk among some aspects of circadian rhythm related to the onset of PD and the exosomes released by cells of PD patients. More in detail: the first part of this article will describe the main characteristics of circadian rhythm and the involvement of the exosomes found to be effective in the pathogenesis of PD. Finally, the authors will suggest how those exosomes derived from dopaminergic neurons, obtained by oral-derived stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) may represent a smart model for the in vitro research on PD, to find new biomarkers, to test new drugs or, fatally, to find new pathways applicable in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Benedetta Marrelli
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Josephine Zullo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Francesco Paduano
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Caterina Benincasa
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Francesco Fortunato
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
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34
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Abstract
The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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35
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Stefanis L, Emmanouilidou E, Pantazopoulou M, Kirik D, Vekrellis K, Tofaris GK. How is alpha-synuclein cleared from the cell? J Neurochem 2019; 150:577-590. [PMID: 31069800 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The levels and conformers of alpha-synuclein are critical in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease and related synucleinopathies. Homeostatic mechanisms in protein degradation and secretion have been identified as regulators of alpha-synuclein at different stages of its intracellular trafficking and transcellular propagation. Here we review pathways involved in the removal of various forms of alpha-synuclein from both the intracellular and extracellular environment. Proteasomes and lysosomes are likely to play complementary roles in the removal of intracellular alpha-synuclein species, in a manner that depends on alpha-synuclein post-translational modifications. Extracellular alpha-synuclein is cleared by extracellular proteolytic enzymes, or taken up by neighboring cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, and degraded within lysosomes. Exosomes, on the other hand, represent a vehicle for egress of excess burden of the intracellular protein, potentially contributing to the transfer of alpha-synuclein between cells. Dysfunction in any one of these clearance mechanisms, or a combination thereof, may be involved in the initiation or progression of Parkinson's disease, whereas targeting these pathways may offer an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Deniz Kirik
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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