1
|
Armanu EG, Secula MS, Tofanica BM, Volf I. The Impact of Biomass Composition Variability on the Char Features and Yields Resulted through Thermochemical Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2334. [PMID: 39204554 PMCID: PMC11359856 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the intricate relations between biomass polymeric composition, thermochemical conversion routes, char yields and features in order to advance the knowledge on biomass conversion processes and customize them to meet specific requirements. An exhaustive characterization has been performed for three types of biomasses: (i) spruce bark, a woody primary and secondary residue from forestry and wood processing; (ii) wheat straws-agricultural waste harvest from arable and permanent cropland; and (iii) vine shoots, a woody biomass resulting from vineyard waste. Chemical (proximate and ultimate analysis), biochemical, trace elements, and thermal analyses were performed. Also, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to establish the compositional and structural characteristics of feedstock. The main polymeric components influence the amount and quality of char. The high hemicellulose content recommends wheat straws as a good candidate especially for hydrothermal carbonization. Cellulose is a primary contributor to char formation during pyrolysis, suggesting that vine shoots may yield higher-quality char compared to that converted from wheat straws. It was shown that the char yield can be predicted and is strongly dependent on the polymeric composition. While in the case of spruce bark and wheat straws, lignin has a major contribution in the char formation, cellulose and secondary lignin are main contributors for vine shoots char.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irina Volf
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (E.-G.A.); (M.-S.S.); (B.-M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang FG, Chen Y, Ma C, Tang JP, Wang ZY, Zhao ZY, Bao L, Yuan YJ. Accelerated Charge Transfer through Interface Chemical Bonds in MoS 2/TiO 2 for Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to H 2. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13766-13774. [PMID: 38965989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Solar photocatalytic H2 production from lignocellulosic biomass has attracted great interest, but it suffers from low photocatalytic efficiency owing to the absence of highly efficient photocatalysts. Herein, we designed and constructed ultrathin MoS2-modified porous TiO2 microspheres (MT) with abundant interface Ti-S bonds as photocatalysts for photocatalytic H2 generation from lignocellulosic biomass. Owing to the accelerated charge transfer related to Ti-S bonds, as well as the abundant active sites for both H2 and ●OH generation, respectively, related to the high exposed edge of MoS2 and the large specific surface area of TiO2, MT photocatalysts demonstrate good performance in the photocatalytic conversion of α-cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass to H2. The highest H2 generation rate of 849 μmol·g-1·h-1 and apparent quantum yield of 4.45% at 380 nm was achieved in α-cellulose aqueous solution for the optimized MT photocatalyst. More importantly, lignocellulosic biomass of corncob, rice hull, bamboo, polar wood chip, and wheat straw were successfully converted to H2 over MT photocatalysts with H2 generation rate of 10, 19, 36, 29, and 8 μmol·g-1·h-1, respectively. This work provides a guiding design approach to develop highly active photocatalysts via interface engineering for solar H2 production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Guang Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Ma
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ping Tang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Yan Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Bao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Yuan
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Senanayake M, Lin CY, Mansfield SD, Eudes A, Davison BH, Pingali SV, O'Neill H. Ectopic Production of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate in Planta Affects Cellulose Structure and Organization. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3542-3553. [PMID: 38780531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a highly sustainable and largely carbon dioxide neutral feedstock for the production of biofuels and advanced biomaterials. Although thermochemical pretreatment is typically used to increase the efficiency of cell wall deconstruction, genetic engineering of the major plant cell wall polymers, especially lignin, has shown promise as an alternative approach to reduce biomass recalcitrance. Poplar trees with reduced lignin content and altered composition were previously developed by overexpressing bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) enzyme to divert carbon flux from the shikimate pathway. In this work, three transgenic poplar lines with increasing QsuB expression levels and different lignin contents were studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). SANS showed that although the cellulose microfibril cross-sectional dimension remained unchanged, the ordered organization of the microfibrils progressively decreased with increased QsuB expression. This was correlated with decreasing total lignin content in the QsuB lines. WAXS showed that the crystallite dimensions of cellulose microfibrils transverse to the growth direction were not affected by the QsuB expression, but the crystallite dimensions parallel to the growth direction were decreased by ∼20%. Cellulose crystallinity was also decreased with increased QsuB expression, which could be related to high levels of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, the product of QsuB expression, disrupting microfibril crystallization. In addition, the cellulose microfibril orientation angle showed a bimodal distribution at higher QsuB expression levels. Overall, this study provides new structural insights into the impact of ectopic synthesis of small-molecule metabolites on cellulose organization and structure that can be used for future efforts aimed at reducing biomass recalcitrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Senanayake
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian H Davison
- BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sai Venkatesh Pingali
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hugh O'Neill
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu S, He J, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Xie M, Xu Y, Bie X, Li Q, Zhang Y, Sevilla M, Titirici MM, Zhou H. Towards Negative Emissions: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass for Sustainable Carbon Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307412. [PMID: 38251820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The contemporary production of carbon materials heavily relies on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to the greenhouse effect. Biomass is a carbon-neutral resource whose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric CO2. Employing biomass as a precursor for synthetic carbon materials can fix atmospheric CO2 into solid materials, achieving negative carbon emissions. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) presents an attractive method for converting biomass into carbon materials, by which biomass can be transformed into materials with favorable properties in a distinct hydrothermal environment, and these carbon materials have made extensive progress in many fields. However, the HTC of biomass is a complex and interdisciplinary problem, involving simultaneously the physical properties of the underlying biomass and sub/supercritical water, the chemical mechanisms of hydrothermal synthesis, diverse applications of resulting carbon materials, and the sustainability of the entire technological routes. This review starts with the analysis of biomass composition and distinctive characteristics of the hydrothermal environment. Then, the factors influencing the HTC of biomass, the reaction mechanism, and the properties of resulting carbon materials are discussed in depth, especially the different formation mechanisms of primary and secondary hydrochars. Furthermore, the application and sustainability of biomass-derived carbon materials are summarized, and some insights into future directions are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiangkai He
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhien Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Mengyin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Bie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Marta Sevilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono (INCAR), CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | | | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao XQ, Liu CG, Bai FW. Making the biochemical conversion of lignocellulose more robust. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:418-430. [PMID: 37858385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is an alternative to fossil resources, but its biochemical conversion is not economically competitive. While decentralized processing can reduce logistical cost for this feedstock, sugar platforms need to be developed with energy-saving pretreatment technologies and cost-effective cellulases, and products must be selected correctly. Anaerobic fermentation with less energy consumption and lower contamination risk is preferred, particularly for producing biofuels. Great effort has been devoted to producing cellulosic ethanol, but CO2 released with large quantities during ethanol fermentation must be utilized in situ for credit. Unless titer and yield are improved substantially, butanol cannot be produced as an advanced biofuel. Microbial lipids produced through aerobic fermentation with low yield and intensive energy consumption are not affordable as feedstocks for biodiesel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tewari K, Balyan S, Jiang C, Robinson B, Bhattacharyya D, Hu J. Unlocking Syngas Synthesis from the Catalytic Gasification of Lignocellulose Pinewood: Catalytic and Pressure Insights. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:4718-4730. [PMID: 38516397 PMCID: PMC10952009 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Modern technologies transform biomass into commodity chemicals, biofuels, and solid charcoal, making it appear as a renewable resource rather than organic waste. The effectiveness of Mo, Fe, Co, and Ni metal catalysts was investigated during the gasification of lignocellulosic pinewood. The primary goal was to compare the performance of iron and nickel catalysts in the low- and high-pressure production of syngas from pinewood. This is the first study that has reported high-pressure gasification of pinewood without the use of an external gasifying agent, producing syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide along with considerable amounts of methane with or without a catalyst. Also, the same gasification at low pressures was compared. In this study, the iron catalyst produces syngas more efficiently at higher pressure and 800 °C, and contains 43 mol % H2, 22 mol % CO2, 26 mol % CH4, and 8 mol % CO in comparison to the nickel catalyst. High pressure produces a large amount of methane too. The nickel catalyst produces higher syngas at low pressure and 850 °C, and contains 55 mol % H2, 9 mol % CO2, 5 mol % CH4, and 30 mol % CO. Low-pressure gasification produces less amounts of CH4 and CO2. Also, the H2/CO ratio is ∼1.81 using the nickel catalyst at low pressures, which is good for utilizing syngas as a feedstock. These results highlight the importance of catalyst selection, reactor configuration, and operating circumstances in adjusting gasification product composition. The study's findings provide information about optimizing syngas production from pinewood, which is critical for the development of sustainable and efficient energy conversion technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Tewari
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Sonit Balyan
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Changle Jiang
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Brandon Robinson
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Debangsu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jianli Hu
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Huang Y, Sekyere DT, Wang W, Tian Y. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste pine sawdust over solid base, acid and base-acid tandem catalysts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130294. [PMID: 38185448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis is an effective means for high-value utilization of biomass. This study investigated the effect of solid base catalysts (CaO, calcium aluminate catalysts CaAl-1, CaAl-2, CaAl-3), acid zeolite catalysts (ZSM-5, Fe/ZSM-5, Co/ZSM-5, Ni/ZSM-5, Cu/ZSM-5, Zn/ZSM-5) and base-acid tandem catalysts on pine sawdust pyrolysis using Py-GC/MS. Acid zeolite catalysts exhibited robust deoxidation and aromatization capabilities, favoring aromatics, while solid base catalysts yielded more phenols and ketones. Among the solid base catalysts, CaAl-3 (CaO-Ca12Al14O33) showed comparable deoxygenation activity to CaO and optimal aromatic selectivity with structural stability. Zn/ZSM-5 excelled in deoxygenation and aromatic selectivity (70.42%) among metal-modified ZSM-5 catalysts. Base-acid tandem catalysis promoted the formation of aliphatics and BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) while suppressing polycyclic aromatics. The highest BTX content (44.35%) was achieved with CaO-Ca12Al14O33&Zn/ZSM-5 tandem catalysts in a 1:3 ratio. This work demonstrates base-acid tandem catalysis as a promising approach for converting pine sawdust into valuable chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center of High Carbon Energy Low Carbonization, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Yansheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Daniel Takyi Sekyere
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Weicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yuanyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center of High Carbon Energy Low Carbonization, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Z, Chen L, Khoo KS, Gupta VK, Sharma M, Show PL, Yap PS. Exploitation of lignocellulosic-based biomass biorefinery: A critical review of renewable bioresource, sustainability and economic views. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108265. [PMID: 37783293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization has driven the demand for fossil fuels, however, the overly exploited resource has caused severe damage on environmental pollution. Biorefining using abundant lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging strategy to replace traditional fossil fuels. Value-added lignin biomass reduces the waste pollution in the environment and provides a green path of conversion to obtain renewable resources. The technology is designed to produce biofuels, biomaterials and value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In the biorefinery process, the pretreatment step is required to reduce the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose biomass and improve the enzymatic digestion. There is still a gap in the full and deep understanding of the biorefinery process including the pretreatment process, thus it is necessary to provide optimized and adapted biorefinery solutions to cope with the conversion process in different biorefineries to further provide efficiency in industrial applications. Current research progress on value-added applications of lignocellulosic biomass still stagnates at the biofuel phase, and there is a lack of comprehensive discussion of emerging potential applications. This review article explores the advantages, disadvantages and properties of pretreatment methods including physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological pretreatment methods. Value-added bioproducts produced from lignocellulosic biomass were comprehensively evaluated in terms of encompassing biochemical products , cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, potent functional materials from cellulose and lignin, waste management alternatives, multifunctional carbon materials and eco-friendly products. This review article critically identifies research-related to sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass to promote the development of green chemistry and to facilitate the refinement of high-value, environmentally-friendly materials. In addition, to align commercialized practice of lignocellulosic biomass application towards the 21st century, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of lignocellulosic biomass biorefining and the utilization of biorefinery green technologies is further analyzed as being considered sustainable, including having potential benefits in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts. This facilitates sustainability options for biorefinery processes by providing policy makers with intuitive evaluation and guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kanchanatip E, Prasertsung N, Thasnas N, Grisdanurak N, Wantala K. Valorization of cannabis waste via hydrothermal carbonization: solid fuel production and characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90318-90327. [PMID: 36370310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was employed to convert cannabis waste into valuable solid fuel (hydrochar) under different operating conditions, including reaction temperature (170-230 °C), biomass-water ratio (1:10-1:20), and residence time of 60 min. The produced hydrochar was examined for their fuel properties including calorific value (HHV), proximate and ultimate analysis, thermal stability and combustion behavior, etc. The results revealed higher HTC temperature led to a higher degree of carbonization, which is beneficial for increasing carbon content and HHV of the hydrochar. The HHV of the hydrochar improved significantly up to 24.65 MJ/kg after the HTC compared to 17.50 MJ/kg for cannabis waste. The energy yield of hydrochar from the HTC process was in a range of 70.41-82.23%. The optimal HTC condition was observed at 230 °C and a biomass-water ratio of 1:10, producing high-quality hydrochar with 24.24 MJ/kg HHV and 72.28% energy yield. The hydrochar had similar fuel characteristics to lignite coal with significantly lower ash content. Additionally, recirculation of liquid effluent showed a positive influence on the HHV of hydrochar besides minimizing the release of wastewater from the HTC process. The study revealed that HTC is a promising technique for valorization of cannabis waste into high-value solid fuel, which can be potentially an alternative to coal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekkachai Kanchanatip
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermprakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Nattakarn Prasertsung
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermprakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Natakorn Thasnas
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermprakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Nurak Grisdanurak
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Faculty of Engineering, Center of Excellence in Environmental Catalysis and Adsorption, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kitirote Wantala
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Faculty of Engineering, Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Awasthi MK, Sar T, Gowd SC, Rajendran K, Kumar V, Sarsaiya S, Li Y, Sindhu R, Binod P, Zhang Z, Pandey A, Taherzadeh MJ. A comprehensive review on thermochemical, and biochemical conversion methods of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable end product. FUEL 2023; 342:127790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
|
11
|
Saravanakumar A, Vijayakumar P, Hoang AT, Kwon EE, Chen WH. Thermochemical conversion of large-size woody biomass for carbon neutrality: Principles, applications, and issues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128562. [PMID: 36587772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-size woody biomass is a valuable renewable resource to replace fossil fuels in biorefinery processes. The preprocessing of wood chips and briquettes is challenging to manage, especially in an industrial setting, as it generates a significant amount of dust and noise and occasionally causes unexpected accidents. As a result, a substantial amount of resources, energy, labor, and space are needed. The thermochemical conversion behavior of large-size woody biomass was studied to reduce energy consumption for chipping. Large-size wood was 1.5 m in length, 0.1 m in breadth, and stacked 90 cm in height. This strategy has many benefits, including increased effectiveness and reduced CO2 emissions. The target of this paper presents the thermochemical process, and large-size wood was chosen because it provides high-quality product gas while reducing the preprocessing fuel cost. This review examines the benefits of thermochemical conversion technologies for assessing the likelihood of carbon neutrality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayyadurai Saravanakumar
- Centre for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeshwaran Vijayakumar
- Centre for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|