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Bibik JD, Sahu A, Kim B, Unda F, Andersen TB, Mansfield SD, Maravelias CT, Sharkey TD, Hamberger BR. Engineered poplar for bioproduction of the triterpene squalene. Plant Biotechnol J 2024. [PMID: 38507185 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Building sustainable platforms to produce biofuels and specialty chemicals has become an increasingly important strategy to supplement and replace fossil fuels and petrochemical-derived products. Terpenoids are the most diverse class of natural products that have many commercial roles as specialty chemicals. Poplar is a fast growing, biomassdense bioenergy crop with many species known to produce large amounts of the hemiterpene isoprene, suggesting an inherent capacity to produce significant quantities of other terpenes. Here we aimed to engineer poplar with optimized pathways to produce squalene, a triterpene commonly used in cosmetic oils, a potential biofuel candidate, and the precursor to the further diversified classes of triterpenoids and sterols. The squalene production pathways were either re-targeted from the cytosol to plastids or co-produced with lipid droplets in the cytosol. Squalene and lipid droplet co-production appeared to be toxic, which we hypothesize to be due to disruption of adventitious root formation, suggesting a need for tissue specific production. Plastidial squalene production enabled up to 0.63 mg/g fresh weight in leaf tissue, which also resulted in reductions in isoprene emission and photosynthesis. These results were also studied through a technoeconomic analysis, providing further insight into developing poplar as a production host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Bibik
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Abira Sahu
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Boeun Kim
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Faride Unda
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trine B Andersen
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christos T Maravelias
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Björn R Hamberger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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2
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Chang CY, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Ensminger I. Rapid response of nonstructural carbohydrate allocation and photosynthesis to short photoperiod, low temperature, or elevated CO 2 in Pinus strobus. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e14095. [PMID: 38148184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
During autumn, decreasing photoperiod and temperature temporarily perturb the balance between carbon uptake and carbon demand in overwintering plants, requiring coordinated adjustments in photosynthesis and carbon allocation to re-establish homeostasis. Here we examined adjustments of photosynthesis and allocation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) following a sudden shift to short photoperiod, low temperature, and/or elevated CO2 in Pinus strobus seedlings. Seedlings were initially acclimated to 14 h photoperiod (22/15°C day/night) and ambient CO2 (400 ppm) or elevated CO2 (800 ppm). Seedlings were then shifted to 8 h photoperiod for one of three treatments: no temperature change at ambient CO2 (22/15°C, 400 ppm), low temperature at ambient CO2 (12/5°C, 400 ppm), or no temperature change at elevated CO2 (22/15°C, 800 ppm). Short photoperiod caused all seedlings to exhibit partial nighttime depletion of starch. Short photoperiod alone did not affect photosynthesis. Short photoperiod combined with low temperature caused hexose accumulation and repression of photosynthesis within 24 h, followed by a transient increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Under long photoperiod, plants grown under elevated CO2 exhibited significantly higher NSCs and photosynthesis compared to ambient CO2 plants, but carbon uptake exceeded sink capacity, leading to elevated NPQ; carbon sink capacity was restored and NPQ relaxed within 24 h after shift to short photoperiod. Our findings indicate that P. strobus rapidly adjusts NSC allocation, not photosynthesis, to accommodate short photoperiod. However, the combination of short photoperiod and low temperature, or long photoperiod and elevated CO2 disrupts the balance between photosynthesis and carbon sink capacity, resulting in increased NPQ to alleviate excess energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Chang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Hunter C, Sun Z, Mansfield SD, Shahbaz M, Pilon M, Gleason SM. The effects of copper deficiency on lignification, xylem vessel structure, and hydraulic traits in hybrid poplar. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e14006. [PMID: 37882274 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) homeostasis is integral to many plant physiological processes, including lignification of plant cell walls. This link occurs through Cu's role as a cofactor in the apoplastic laccase enzymes that oxidize monolignols that then polymerize to form the hydrophobic lignin polymer, which provides rigidity and strength to the water transport system. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cu deficiency on lignin content and chemistry in poplar stems. We also examined the effect of Cu deficiency on the stiffness of stem wood and the hydraulic properties of leaves. Cu deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in lignin content, an increase in the syringyl to guaiacyl monomer ratio of stem xylem, and no change to stem modulus of elasticity. Accompanying these stem traits, Cu-deficient leaves had higher (less negative) turgor loss points and markedly stiffer mesophyll cell walls. Our results may reflect a novel response in poplar whereby structural stiffness and mechanical stability are maintained in the face of Cu deficiency and reduction in the guaiacyl lignin monomer content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Hunter
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Zimou Sun
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean M Gleason
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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4
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Bourdon M, Lyczakowski JJ, Cresswell R, Amsbury S, Vilaplana F, Le Guen MJ, Follain N, Wightman R, Su C, Alatorre-Cobos F, Ritter M, Liszka A, Terrett OM, Yadav SR, Vatén A, Nieminen K, Eswaran G, Alonso-Serra J, Müller KH, Iuga D, Miskolczi PC, Kalmbach L, Otero S, Mähönen AP, Bhalerao R, Bulone V, Mansfield SD, Hill S, Burgert I, Beaugrand J, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Dupree R, Dupree P, Helariutta Y. Ectopic callose deposition into woody biomass modulates the nano-architecture of macrofibrils. Nat Plants 2023; 9:1530-1546. [PMID: 37666966 PMCID: PMC10505557 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass plays an increasingly important role in the circular bioeconomy, replacing non-renewable fossil resources. Genetic engineering of this lignocellulosic biomass could benefit biorefinery transformation chains by lowering economic and technological barriers to industrial processing. However, previous efforts have mostly targeted the major constituents of woody biomass: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Here we report the engineering of wood structure through the introduction of callose, a polysaccharide novel to most secondary cell walls. Our multiscale analysis of genetically engineered poplar trees shows that callose deposition modulates cell wall porosity, water and lignin contents and increases the lignin-cellulose distance, ultimately resulting in substantially decreased biomass recalcitrance. We provide a model of the wood cell wall nano-architecture engineered to accommodate the hydrated callose inclusions. Ectopic polymer introduction into biomass manifests in new physico-chemical properties and offers new avenues when considering lignocellulose engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bourdon
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jan J Lyczakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sam Amsbury
- Centre for Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nadège Follain
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, Rouen, France
| | - Raymond Wightman
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chang Su
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fulgencio Alatorre-Cobos
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Conacyt-Unidad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Maximilian Ritter
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa Wood Tec, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Liszka
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anne Vatén
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stomatal Development and Plasticity group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production systems / Tree Breeding Department, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gugan Eswaran
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Alonso-Serra
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UMR 5667 Reproduction et Développement Des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, France
| | - Karin H Müller
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Pal Csaba Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lothar Kalmbach
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Otero
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Science and Technology Office of the Congress of Deputies, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rishikesh Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefan Hill
- Scion, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa Wood Tec, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Johnny Beaugrand
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
- The Centre for Plant Science, The Bragg Centre, The Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ray Dupree
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Ma Y, Shafee T, Mudiyanselage AM, Ratcliffe J, MacMillan CP, Mansfield SD, Bacic A, Johnson KL. Distinct functions of FASCILIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS relate to domain structure. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:119-132. [PMID: 36797772 PMCID: PMC10152678 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of glycoproteins as key cell surface molecules during development and stress is well established; yet, the relationship between their structural features and functional mechanisms is poorly defined. FASCICLIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINs (FLAs), which impact plant growth and development, are an excellent example of a glycoprotein family with a complex multidomain structure. FLAs combine globular fasciclin-like (FAS1) domains with regions that are intrinsically disordered and contain glycomotifs for directing the addition of O-linked arabinogalactan (AG) glycans. Additional posttranslational modifications on FLAs include N-linked glycans in the FAS1 domains, a cleaved signal peptide at the N terminus, and often a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor signal sequence at the C terminus. The roles of glycosylation, the GPI anchor, and FAS1 domain functions in the polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix of plants remain unclear, as do the relationships between them. In this study, we examined sequence-structure-function relationships of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FLA11, demonstrated to have roles in secondary cell wall (SCW) development, by introducing domain mutations and functional specialization through domain swaps with FLA3 and FLA12. We identified FAS1 domains as essential for FLA function, differentiating FLA11/FLA12, with roles in SCW development, from FLA3, specific to flowers and involved in pollen development. The GPI anchor and AG glycosylation co-regulate the cell surface location and release of FLAs into cell walls. The AG glycomotif sequence closest to the GPI anchor (AG2) is a major feature differentiating FLA11 from FLA12. The results of our study show that the multidomain structure of different FLAs influences their subcellular location and biological functions during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Ma
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Thomas Shafee
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Asha M Mudiyanselage
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Colleen P MacMillan
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, CSIRO Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Kim L Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
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6
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Chaudhury D, Torkelson ER, Meyers KA, Acheson JF, Landucci L, Pu Y, Sun Z, Tonelli M, Bingman CA, Smith RA, Karlen SD, Mansfield SD, Ralph J, Fox BG. Rapid Biocatalytic Synthesis of Aromatic Acid CoA Thioesters by Using Microbial Aromatic Acid CoA Ligases. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300001. [PMID: 36821718 PMCID: PMC10467583 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemically labile ester linkages can be introduced into lignin by incorporation of monolignol conjugates, which are synthesized in planta by acyltransferases that use a coenzyme A (CoA) thioester donor and a nucleophilic monolignol alcohol acceptor. The presence of these esters facilitates processing and aids in the valorization of renewable biomass feedstocks. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is potentially limited by the low steady-state levels of aromatic acid thioester donors in plants. As part of an effort to overcome this, aromatic acid CoA ligases involved in microbial aromatic degradation were identified and screened against a broad panel of substituted cinnamic and benzoic acids involved in plant lignification. Functional fingerprinting of this ligase library identified four robust, highly active enzymes capable of facile, rapid, and high-yield synthesis of aromatic acid CoA thioesters under mild aqueous reaction conditions mimicking in planta activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Chaudhury
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ella R Torkelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kaya A Meyers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Justin F Acheson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Leta Landucci
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yucen Pu
- Department of Botany and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zimou Sun
- Department of Botany and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Rebecca A Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Steven D Karlen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Botany and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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7
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Behar H, Mottiar Y, Chandrasekhar R, Grappadelli AC, Pauly M, Samuels AL, Mansfield SD, Brumer H. Populus endo-glucanase 16 localizes to the cell walls of developing tissues. Plant Direct 2023; 7:e482. [PMID: 36733272 PMCID: PMC9887094 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hemicelluloses comprise a group of matrix glycans that interact with cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls and play important roles in establishing wall architecture. The structures of hemicelluloses are determined by carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that synthesize, integrate, and break down these polymers. Specifically, endo-glucanase 16 (EG16) enzymes, which are related to the well-known xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene products in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 (GH16), have been implicated in the degradation of the β(1,4)-linked backbone of mixed-linkage β(1,3);β(1,4)-glucans (MLG) and xyloglucans. EG16 members are single-copy genes found in most plant clades but are absent from many eudicots, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Until recently, EG16 members had only been characterized in vitro, establishing their substrate specificity, protein structure, and phylogenetic history, but their biological function was unknown. Here we used a hybrid polar, Populus alba × Populus grandidentata (P39), as a model to examine EG16 expression, subcellular localization, and pheno- and chemotypes of EG16-downregulated P39 plants. Populus EG16 expression is strong in young tissues, but RNAi-mediated downregulation did not impact plant growth nor the fine structure of the hemicellulose xyloglucan, suggesting a restricted or currently unknown role in angiosperm physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Behar
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Rohan Chandrasekhar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and BiotechnologyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - A. Lacey Samuels
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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8
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Mottiar Y, Smith RA, Karlen SD, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. Evolution of p-coumaroylated lignin in eudicots provides new tools for cell wall engineering. New Phytol 2023; 237:251-264. [PMID: 36196006 PMCID: PMC10099755 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ester-linked p-coumarate (pCA) is a hallmark feature of the secondary cell walls in commelinid monocot plants. It has been shown that pCA groups arise during lignin polymerisation from the participation of monolignol conjugates assembled by p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) enzymes, members of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. Herein, we report that a eudicot species, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), naturally contains p-coumaroylated lignin in the core tissues of the stems but not in the bast fibres. Moreover, we identified a novel acyltransferase, HcPMT, that shares <30% amino acid identity with known monocot PMT sequences. Recombinant HcPMT showed a preference in enzyme assays for p-coumaroyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA as acyl donor substrates and sinapyl alcohol as an acyl acceptor. Heterologous expression of HcPMT in hybrid poplar trees led to the incorporation of pCA in lignin, but no improvement in the saccharification potential of the wood. This work illustrates the value in mining diverse plant taxa for new monolignol acyltransferases. Furthermore, the occurrence of pCA outside monocot lineages may represent another example of convergent evolution in lignin structure. This discovery expands textbook views on cell wall biochemistry and provides a new molecular tool for engineering the lignin of biomass feedstock plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
| | - Rebecca A. Smith
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Steven D. Karlen
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British Columbia6270 University BoulevardVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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9
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Mottiar Y, Karlen SD, Goacher RE, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. Metabolic engineering of p-hydroxybenzoate in poplar lignin. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:176-188. [PMID: 36161690 PMCID: PMC9829402 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ester-linked p-hydroxybenzoate occurs naturally in poplar lignin as pendent groups that can be released by mild alkaline hydrolysis. These 'clip-off' phenolics can be separated from biomass and upgraded into diverse high-value bioproducts. We introduced a bacterial chorismate pyruvate lyase gene into transgenic poplar trees with the aim of producing more p-hydroxybenzoate from chorismate, itself a metabolic precursor to lignin. By driving heterologous expression specifically in the plastids of cells undergoing secondary wall formation, this strategy achieved a 50% increase in cell-wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoate in mature wood and nearly 10 times more in developing xylem relative to control trees. Comparable amounts also remained as soluble p-hydroxybenzoate-containing xylem metabolites, pointing to even greater engineering potential. Mass spectrometry imaging showed that the elevated p-hydroxybenzoylation was largely restricted to the cell walls of fibres. Finally, transgenic lines outperformed control trees in assays of saccharification potential. This study highlights the biotech potential of cell-wall-bound phenolate esters and demonstrates the importance of substrate supply in lignin engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
| | - Steven D. Karlen
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
| | - Robyn E. Goacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and PhysicsNiagara UniversityNorth TonawandaNYUSA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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10
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Lin CY, Geiselman GM, Liu D, Magurudeniya HD, Rodriguez A, Chen YC, Pidatala V, Unda F, Amer B, Baidoo EEK, Mansfield SD, Simmons BA, Singh S, Scheller HV, Gladden JM, Eudes A. Evaluation of engineered low-lignin poplar for conversion into advanced bioproducts. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:145. [PMID: 36567331 PMCID: PMC9790118 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic resources are promising feedstocks for the manufacture of bio-based products and bioenergy. However, the inherent recalcitrance of biomass to conversion into simple sugars currently hinders the deployment of advanced bioproducts at large scale. Lignin is a primary contributor to biomass recalcitrance as it protects cell wall polysaccharides from degradation and can inhibit hydrolytic enzymes via non-productive adsorption. Several engineering strategies have been designed to reduce lignin or modify its monomeric composition. For example, expression of bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) in poplar trees resulted in a reduction in lignin due to redirection of metabolic flux toward 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate at the expense of lignin. This reduction was accompanied with remarkable changes in the pools of aromatic compounds that accumulate in the biomass. RESULTS The impact of these modifications on downstream biomass deconstruction and conversion into advanced bioproducts was evaluated in the current study. Using ionic liquid pretreatment followed by enzymatic saccharification, biomass from engineered trees released more glucose and xylose compared to wild-type control trees under optimum conditions. Fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates using Rhodosporidium toruloides strains engineered to produce α-bisabolene, epi-isozizaene, and fatty alcohols showed no negative impact on cell growth and yielded higher titers of bioproducts (as much as + 58%) in the case of QsuB transgenics trees. CONCLUSION Our data show that low-recalcitrant poplar biomass obtained with the QsuB technology has the potential to improve the production of advanced bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Gina M. Geiselman
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550 USA ,DOE, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Di Liu
- grid.474523.30000000403888279Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550 USA ,DOE, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Harsha D. Magurudeniya
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - Alberto Rodriguez
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550 USA ,DOE, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Venkataramana Pidatala
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Faride Unda
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Bashar Amer
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Edward E. K. Baidoo
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,grid.454753.40000 0004 0520 2998DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI 53726 USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Seema Singh
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Department of Bioresources and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - John M. Gladden
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550 USA ,DOE, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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11
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McKinley BA, Thakran M, Zemelis-Durfee S, Huang X, Brandizzi F, Rooney WL, Mansfield SD, Mullet JE. Transcriptional regulation of the raffinose family oligosaccharides pathway in Sorghum bicolor reveals potential roles in leaf sucrose transport and stem sucrose accumulation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1062264. [PMID: 36570942 PMCID: PMC9785717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1062264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy sorghum hybrids are being developed with enhanced drought tolerance and high levels of stem sugars. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) contribute to plant environmental stress tolerance, sugar storage, transport, and signaling. To better understand the role of RFOs in sorghum, genes involved in myo-inositol and RFO metabolism were identified and relative transcript abundance analyzed during development. Genes involved in RFO biosynthesis (SbMIPS1, SbInsPase, SbGolS1, SbRS) were more highly expressed in leaves compared to stems and roots, with peak expression early in the morning in leaves. SbGolS, SbRS, SbAGA1 and SbAGA2 were also expressed at high levels in the leaf collar and leaf sheath. In leaf blades, genes involved in myo-inositol biosynthesis (SbMIPS1, SbInsPase) were expressed in bundle sheath cells, whereas genes involved in galactinol and raffinose synthesis (SbGolS1, SbRS) were expressed in mesophyll cells. Furthermore, SbAGA1 and SbAGA2, genes that encode neutral-alkaline alpha-galactosidases that hydrolyze raffinose, were differentially expressed in minor vein bundle sheath cells and major vein and mid-rib vascular and xylem parenchyma. This suggests that raffinose synthesized from sucrose and galactinol in mesophyll cells diffuses into vascular bundles where hydrolysis releases sucrose for long distance phloem transport. Increased expression (>20-fold) of SbAGA1 and SbAGA2 in stem storage pith parenchyma of sweet sorghum between floral initiation and grain maturity, and higher expression in sweet sorghum compared to grain sorghum, indicates these genes may play a key role in non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. McKinley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Manish Thakran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Starla Zemelis-Durfee
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - William L. Rooney
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John E. Mullet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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12
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Cappa EP, Chen C, Klutsch JG, Sebastian-Azcona J, Ratcliffe B, Wei X, Da Ros L, Ullah A, Liu Y, Benowicz A, Sadoway S, Mansfield SD, Erbilgin N, Thomas BR, El-Kassaby YA. Multiple-trait analyses improved the accuracy of genomic prediction and the power of genome-wide association of productivity and climate change-adaptive traits in lodgepole pine. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:536. [PMID: 35870886 PMCID: PMC9308220 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic prediction (GP) and genome-wide association (GWA) analyses are currently being employed to accelerate breeding cycles and to identify alleles or genomic regions of complex traits in forest trees species. Here, 1490 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. var. latifolia Engelm) trees from four open-pollinated progeny trials were genotyped with 25,099 SNPs, and phenotyped for 15 growth, wood quality, pest resistance, drought tolerance, and defense chemical (monoterpenes) traits. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) identify genetic markers associated with these traits and determine their genetic architecture, and to compare the marker detected by single- (ST) and multiple-trait (MT) GWA models; (2) evaluate and compare the accuracy and control of bias of the genomic predictions for these traits underlying different ST and MT parametric and non-parametric GP methods. GWA, ST and MT analyses were compared using a linear transformation of genomic breeding values from the respective genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) model. GP, ST and MT parametric and non-parametric (Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces, RKHS) models were compared in terms of prediction accuracy (PA) and control of bias. Results MT-GWA analyses identified more significant associations than ST. Some SNPs showed potential pleiotropic effects. Averaging across traits, PA from the studied ST-GP models did not differ significantly from each other, with generally a slight superiority of the RKHS method. MT-GP models showed significantly higher PA (and lower bias) than the ST models, being generally the PA (bias) of the RKHS approach significantly higher (lower) than the GBLUP. Conclusions The power of GWA and the accuracy of GP were improved when MT models were used in this lodgepole pine population. Given the number of GP and GWA models fitted and the traits assessed across four progeny trials, this work has produced the most comprehensive empirical genomic study across any lodgepole pine population to date. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08747-7.
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13
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Unda F, Mottiar Y, Mahon EL, Karlen SD, Kim KH, Loqué D, Eudes A, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. A new approach to zip-lignin: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is compatible with lignification. New Phytol 2022; 235:234-246. [PMID: 35377486 PMCID: PMC9325543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Renewed interests in the development of bioenergy, biochemicals, and biomaterials have elicited new strategies for engineering the lignin of biomass feedstock plants. This study shows, for the first time, that 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) is compatible with the radical coupling reactions that assemble polymeric lignin in plants. We introduced a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase into hybrid poplar (Populus alba × grandidentata) to divert carbon flux away from the shikimate pathway, which lies upstream of lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic poplar wood had up to 33% less lignin with p-hydroxyphenyl units comprising as much as 10% of the lignin. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of transgenic wood released fewer ester-linked p-hydroxybenzoate groups than control trees, and revealed the novel incorporation of cell-wall-bound DHB, as well as glycosides of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) analysis uncovered DHBA-derived benzodioxane structures suggesting that DHB moieties were integrated into the lignin polymer backbone. In addition, up to 40% more glucose was released from transgenic wood following ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This work highlights the potential of diverting carbon flux from the shikimate pathway for lignin engineering and describes a new type of 'zip-lignin' derived from the incorporation of DHB into poplar lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faride Unda
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of EnergyGreat Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
| | - Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of EnergyGreat Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Mahon
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of EnergyGreat Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
| | - Steven D. Karlen
- Department of EnergyGreat Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Clean Energy Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Korea
| | - Dominique Loqué
- Joint BioEnergy Institute5885 Hollis StreetEmeryvilleCA94608USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute5885 Hollis StreetEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of EnergyGreat Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of EnergyGreat Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
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14
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Janot KG, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Martone PT. Evolutionary patterns in chemical composition and biomechanics of articulated coralline algae. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:icac021. [PMID: 35482591 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds inhabiting wave-battered coastlines are generally flexible, bending with the waves to adopt more streamlined shapes and reduce drag. Coralline algae, however, are firmly calcified, existing largely as crusts that avoid drag altogether or as upright branched forms with uncalcified joints (genicula) that confer flexibility to otherwise rigid thalli. Upright corallines have evolved from crustose ancestors independently multiple times, and the repeated evolution of genicula has contributed to the ecological success of articulated corallines worldwide. Structure and development of genicula are significantly different across evolutionary lineages, and yet biomechanical performance is broadly similar. Because chemical composition plays a central role in both calcification and biomechanics, we explored evolutionary trends in cell wall chemistry across crustose and articulated taxa. We compared the carbohydrate content of genicula across convergently-evolved articulated species, as well as the carbohydrate content of calcified tissues from articulated and crustose species, to search for phylogenetic trends in cell wall chemistry during the repeated evolution of articulated taxa. We also analysed the carbohydrate content of one crustose coralline species that evolved from articulated ancestors, allowing us to examine trends in chemistry during this evolutionary reversal and loss of genicula. We found several key differences in carbohydrate content between calcified and uncalcified coralline tissues, though the significance of these differences in relation to the calcification process requires more investigation. Comparisons across a range of articulated and crustose species indicated that carbohydrate chemistry of calcified tissues was generally similar, regardless of morphology or phylogeny; conversely, chemical composition of genicular tissues was different across articulated lineages, suggesting that significantly different biochemical trajectories have led to remarkably similar biomechanical innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra G Janot
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, 6270 University Blvd., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 CANADA
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, 2424 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 CANADA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, 2424 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 CANADA
| | - Patrick T Martone
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, 6270 University Blvd., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 CANADA
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15
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Perkins ML, Schuetz M, Unda F, Chen KT, Bally MB, Kulkarni JA, Yan Y, Pico J, Castellarin SD, Mansfield SD, Samuels AL. Monolignol export by diffusion down a polymerization-induced concentration gradient. Plant Cell 2022; 34:2080-2095. [PMID: 35167693 PMCID: PMC9048961 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer, is a promising renewable energy source and chemical feedstock. A key element of lignin biosynthesis is unknown: how do lignin precursors (monolignols) get from inside the cell out to the cell wall where they are polymerized? Modeling indicates that monolignols can passively diffuse through lipid bilayers, but this has not been tested experimentally. We demonstrate significant monolignol diffusion occurs when laccases, which consume monolignols, are present on one side of the membrane. We hypothesize that lignin polymerization could deplete monomers in the wall, creating a concentration gradient driving monolignol diffusion. We developed a two-photon microscopy approach to visualize lignifying Arabidopsis thaliana root cells. Laccase mutants with reduced ability to form lignin polymer in the wall accumulated monolignols inside cells. In contrast, active transport inhibitors did not decrease lignin in the wall and scant intracellular phenolics were observed. Synthetic liposomes were engineered to encapsulate laccases, and monolignols crossed these pure lipid bilayers to form polymer within. A sink-driven diffusion mechanism explains why it has been difficult to identify genes encoding monolignol transporters and why the export of varied phenylpropanoids occurs without specificity. It also highlights an important role for cell wall oxidative enzymes in monolignol export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel L Perkins
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathias Schuetz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kent T Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yifan Yan
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joana Pico
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Cappa EP, Klutsch JG, Sebastian-Azcona J, Ratcliffe B, Wei X, Da Ros L, Liu Y, Chen C, Benowicz A, Sadoway S, Mansfield SD, Erbilgin N, Thomas BR, El-Kassaby YA. Integrating genomic information and productivity and climate-adaptability traits into a regional white spruce breeding program. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264549. [PMID: 35298481 PMCID: PMC8929621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree improvement programs often focus on improving productivity-related traits; however, under present climate change scenarios, climate change-related (adaptive) traits should also be incorporated into such programs. Therefore, quantifying the genetic variation and correlations among productivity and adaptability traits, and the importance of genotype by environment interactions, including defense compounds involved in biotic and abiotic resistance, is essential for selecting parents for the production of resilient and sustainable forests. Here, we estimated quantitative genetic parameters for 15 growth, wood quality, drought resilience, and monoterpene traits for Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce). We sampled 1,540 trees from three open-pollinated progeny trials, genotyped with 467,224 SNP markers using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We used the pedigree and SNP information to calculate, respectively, the average numerator and genomic relationship matrices, and univariate and multivariate individual-tree models to obtain estimates of (co)variance components. With few site-specific exceptions, all traits examined were under genetic control. Overall, higher heritability estimates were derived from the genomic- than their counterpart pedigree-based relationship matrix. Selection for height, generally, improved diameter and water use efficiency, but decreased wood density, microfibril angle, and drought resistance. Genome-based correlations between traits reaffirmed the pedigree-based correlations for most trait pairs. High and positive genetic correlations between sites were observed (average 0.68), except for those pairs involving the highest elevation, warmer, and moister site, specifically for growth and microfibril angle. These results illustrate the advantage of using genomic information jointly with productivity and adaptability traits, and defense compounds to enhance tree breeding selection for changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P. Cappa
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer G. Klutsch
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Blaise Ratcliffe
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Letitia Da Ros
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andy Benowicz
- Forest Stewardship and Trade Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shane Sadoway
- Blue Ridge Lumber Inc., West Fraser Mills Ltd, Blue Ridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadir Erbilgin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barb R. Thomas
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Lee M, Powell JR, Oberle B, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Dalrymple R, Rigg J, Cornwell WK, Zanne AE. Initial wood trait variation overwhelms endophyte community effects for explaining decay trajectories. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC United States
| | - Jeff R. Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Hawkesbury Australia
| | - Brad Oberle
- Division of Natural Sciences New College of Florida Sarasota FL United States
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Rhiannon Dalrymple
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Jessica Rigg
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Department of Primary Industries NSW Meanagle Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Amy E. Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC United States
- Department of Biology University of Miami Miami FL United States
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18
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de Vries L, MacKay HA, Smith RA, Mottiar Y, Karlen SD, Unda F, Muirragui E, Bingman C, Vander Meulen K, Beebe ET, Fox BG, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. pHBMT1, a BAHD-family monolignol acyltransferase, mediates lignin acylation in poplar. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:1014-1027. [PMID: 34977949 PMCID: PMC8825253 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) lignin is naturally acylated with p-hydroxybenzoate ester moieties. However, the enzyme(s) involved in the biosynthesis of the monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates have remained largely unknown. Here, we performed an in vitro screen of the Populus trichocarpa BAHD acyltransferase superfamily (116 genes) using a wheatgerm cell-free translation system and found five enzymes capable of producing monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates. We then compared the transcript abundance of the five corresponding genes with p-hydroxybenzoate concentrations using naturally occurring unrelated genotypes of P. trichocarpa and revealed a positive correlation between the expression of p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA monolig-nol transferase (pHBMT1, Potri.001G448000) and p-hydroxybenzoate levels. To test whether pHBMT1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates, we overexpressed pHBMT1 in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. grandidentata) (35S::pHBMT1 and C4H::pHBMT1). Using three complementary analytical methods, we showed that there was an increase in soluble monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates and cell-wall-bound monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates in the poplar transgenics. As these pendent groups are ester-linked, saponification releases p-hydroxybenzoate, a precursor to parabens that are used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. This identified gene could therefore be used to engineer lignocellulosic biomass with increased value for emerging biorefinery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Heather A MacKay
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Smith
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Steven D Karlen
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Emilia Muirragui
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Craig Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kirk Vander Meulen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Emily T Beebe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - John Ralph
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Author for communication:
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19
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Mahon EL, de Vries L, Jang SK, Middar S, Kim H, Unda F, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. Exogenous chalcone synthase expression in developing poplar xylem incorporates naringenin into lignins. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:984-996. [PMID: 34718804 PMCID: PMC8825309 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a polyphenolic polymer, is a major chemical constituent of the cell walls of terrestrial plants. The biosynthesis of lignin is a highly plastic process, as highlighted by an increasing number of noncanonical monomers that have been successfully identified in an array of plants. Here, we engineered hybrid poplar (Populus alba x grandidentata) to express chalcone synthase 3 (MdCHS3) derived from apple (Malus domestica) in lignifying xylem. Transgenic trees displayed an accumulation of the flavonoid naringenin in xylem methanolic extracts not inherently observed in wild-type trees. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed the presence of naringenin in the extract-free, cellulase-treated xylem lignin of MdCHS3-poplar, indicating the incorporation of this flavonoid-derived compound into poplar secondary cell wall lignins. The transgenic trees also displayed lower total cell wall lignin content and increased cell wall carbohydrate content and performed significantly better in limited saccharification assays than their wild-type counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Mahon
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Soo-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandeep Middar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hoon Kim
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John Ralph
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Author for communication:
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20
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Ma Y, MacMillan CP, de Vries L, Mansfield SD, Hao P, Ratcliffe J, Bacic A, Johnson KL. FLA11 and FLA12 glycoproteins fine-tune stem secondary wall properties in response to mechanical stresses. New Phytol 2022; 233:1750-1767. [PMID: 34862967 PMCID: PMC9302641 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell walls (SCWs) in stem xylem vessel and fibre cells enable plants to withstand the enormous compressive forces associated with upright growth. It remains unclear if xylem vessel and fibre cells can directly sense mechanical stimuli and modify their SCW during development. We provide evidence that Arabidopsis SCW-specific Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan-proteins 11 (FLA11) and 12 (FLA12) are possible cell surface sensors regulating SCW development in response to mechanical stimuli. Plants overexpressing FLA11 (OE-FLA11) showed earlier SCW development compared to the wild-type (WT) and altered SCW properties that phenocopy WT plants under compression stress. By contrast, OE-FLA12 stems showed higher cellulose content compared to WT plants, similar to plants experiencing tensile stress. fla11, OE-FLA11, fla12, and OE-FLA12 plants showed altered SCW responses to mechanical stress compared to the WT. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA-seq analysis revealed the up-regulation of genes and pathways involved in stress responses and SCW synthesis and regulation. Analysis of OE-FLA11 nst1 nst3 plants suggests that FLA11 regulation of SCWs is reliant on classical transcriptional networks. Our data support the involvement of FLA11 and FLA12 in SCW sensing complexes to fine-tune both the initiation of SCW development and the balance of lignin and cellulose synthesis/deposition in SCWs during development and in response to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Ma
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3052Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil ScienceLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture & FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVic.3086Australia
| | - Colleen P. MacMillan
- Agriculture and FoodCSIROCSIRO Black Mountain Science and Innovation ParkCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil ScienceLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture & FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVic.3086Australia
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil ScienceLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture & FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVic.3086Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil ScienceLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture & FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVic.3086Australia
- College of Forestry and BiotechnologySino‐Australia Plant Cell Wall Research CentreZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityLin'anHangzhou311300China
| | - Kim L. Johnson
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil ScienceLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture & FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVic.3086Australia
- College of Forestry and BiotechnologySino‐Australia Plant Cell Wall Research CentreZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityLin'anHangzhou311300China
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21
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Mottiar Y, Mansfield SD. Lignin p-Hydroxybenzoylation Is Negatively Correlated With Syringyl Units in Poplar. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:938083. [PMID: 35937345 PMCID: PMC9355280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The lignin found in the cell walls of poplar fibres is decorated with ester-linked p-hydroxybenzoate moieties that originate from the participation of acylated monolignols in lignin polymerisation. Although little is known about the biological implications of these cell-wall constituents, it has historically been postulated that acylated monolignols might promote lignification in syringyl lignin-rich species such as poplar. However, cell-wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoate groups were negatively correlated with syringyl units in a collection of 316 unrelated genotypes of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). Based upon this observation, several alternative hypotheses on the occurrence of lignin acylation are presented.
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22
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McGee R, Dean GH, Wu D, Zhang Y, Mansfield SD, Haughn GW. Pectin Modification in Seed Coat Mucilage by In Vivo Expression of Rhamnogalacturonan-I- and Homogalacturonan-Degrading Enzymes. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:1912-1926. [PMID: 34059917 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall is essential for plant survival. Determining the relationship between cell wall structure and function using mutant analysis or overexpressing cell wall-modifying enzymes has been challenging due to the complexity of the cell wall and the appearance of secondary, compensatory effects when individual polymers are modified. In addition, viability of the plants can be severely impacted by wall modification. A useful model system for studying structure-function relationships among extracellular matrix components is the seed coat epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. These cells synthesize relatively simple, easily accessible, pectin-rich mucilage that is not essential for plant viability. In this study, we expressed enzymes predicted to modify polysaccharide components of mucilage in the apoplast of seed coat epidermal cells and explored their impacts on mucilage. The seed coat epidermal-specific promoter TESTA ABUNDANT2 (TBA2) was used to drive expression of these enzymes to avoid adverse effects in other parts of the plant. Mature transgenic seeds expressing Rhamnogalacturonate lyase A (RglA) or Rhamnogalacturonate lyase B (RglB) that degrade the pectin rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), a major component of mucilage, had greatly reduced mucilage capsules surrounding the seeds and concomitant decreases in the monosaccharides that comprise the RG-I backbone. Degradation of the minor mucilage component homogalacturonan (HG) using the HG-degrading enzymes Pectin lyase A (PLA) or ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE2 (ADPG2) resulted in developing seed coat epidermal cells with disrupted cell-cell adhesion and signs of early cell death. These results demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating the seed coat epidermal cell extracellular matrix using a targeted genetic engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McGee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- L'Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie (INRS-CAFSB), 531 des Prairies Blvd. Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 248-2357 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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23
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Livingston SJ, Bae EJ, Unda F, Hahn MG, Mansfield SD, Page JE, Samuels AL. Cannabis Glandular Trichome Cell Walls Undergo Remodeling to Store Specialized Metabolites. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:1944-1962. [PMID: 34392368 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The valuable cannabinoid and terpenoid metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. are produced by floral glandular trichomes. The trichomes consist of secretory disk cells, which produce the abundant lipidic metabolites, and an extracellular storage cavity. The mechanisms of apoplastic cavity formation to accumulate and store metabolites in cannabis glandular trichomes remain wholly unexplored. Here, we identify key wall components and how they change during cannabis trichome development. While glycome and monosaccharide analyses revealed that glandular trichomes have loosely bound xyloglucans and pectic polysaccharides, quantitative immunolabeling with wall-directed antibodies revealed precise spatiotemporal distributions of cell wall epitopes. An epidermal-like identity of early trichome walls matured into specialized wall domains over development. Cavity biogenesis was marked by separation of the subcuticular wall from the underlying surface wall in a homogalacturonan and α-1,5 arabinan epitope-rich zone and was associated with a reduction in fucosylated xyloglucan epitopes. As the cavity filled, a matrix with arabinogalactan and α-1,5 arabinan epitopes enclosed the metabolite droplets. At maturity, the disk cells' apical wall facing the storage cavity accumulated rhamnogalacturonan-I epitopes near the plasma membrane. Together, these data indicate that cannabis glandular trichomes undergo spatiotemporal remodeling at specific wall subdomains to facilitate storage cavity formation and metabolite storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Livingston
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Eun Jeong Bae
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael G Hahn
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Jonathan E Page
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
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24
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Gonzales-Vigil E, vonLoessl ME, Chen JY, Li S, Haslam TM, Kunst L, Mansfield SD. Understanding the Role of Populus ECERIFERUM2-Likes in the Biosynthesis of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids for Cuticular Waxes. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:827-838. [PMID: 33749753 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular waxes are derived from very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) precursors made by the concerted action of four enzymes that form the fatty acid (FA) elongation complex. The condensing enzyme of the complex confers specificity to substrates of different chain lengths, yet on its own cannot account for the biosynthesis of VLCFAs longer than 28 carbons (C28). Recent evidence from Arabidopsis thaliana points to a synergistic role of clade II BAHD acyltransferases and condensing enzymes in the elongation of VLCFAs beyond C28. In Populus trichocarpa, clade II is composed of seven uncharacterized paralogous genes (PtCER2-like1-7). In the present study, five of these genes were heterologously expressed in yeast and their respective FA profiles were determined. PtCER2-likes differentially altered the accumulation of C28 and C30 FAs when expressed in the presence of the condensing enzyme AtCER6. Among these, PtCER2-like5 produced the highest levels of C28 FAs in yeast and its expression was localized to the epidermis in β-glucuronidase-reporter poplar lines, consistent with a role in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Complementation of the A. thaliana cer2-5 mutant with PtCER2-like5 increased the levels of C28-derived cuticular waxes at the expense of C30-derived components. Together, these results demonstrate that the role of CER2-likes in cuticular wax biosynthesis is conserved in Populus clade II BAHD acyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Gonzales-Vigil
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Michelle E vonLoessl
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeff Y Chen
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sitong Li
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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25
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Navas LE, Dexter G, Liu J, Levy-Booth D, Cho M, Jang SK, Mansfield SD, Renneckar S, Mohn WW, Eltis LD. Bacterial Transformation of Aromatic Monomers in Softwood Black Liquor. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735000. [PMID: 34566938 PMCID: PMC8461187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of lignin, a major component of plant-derived biomass, is essential to sustainable biorefining. We identified the major monoaromatic compounds present in black liquor, a lignin-rich stream generated in the kraft pulping process, and investigated their bacterial transformation. Among tested solvents, acetone extracted the greatest amount of monoaromatic compounds from softwood black liquor, with guaiacol, vanillin, and acetovanillone, in an approximately 4:3:2 ratio, constituting ~90% of the total extracted monoaromatic content. 4-Ethanol guaiacol, vanillate, and 4-propanol guaiacol were also present. Bacterial strains that grew on minimal media supplemented with the BL extracts at 1mM total aromatic compounds included Pseudomonas putida KT2442, Sphingobium sp. SYK-6, and Rhodococcus rhodochrous EP4. By contrast, the extracts inhibited the growth of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Rhodococcus opacus PD630, strains extensively studied for lignin valorization. Of the strains that grew on the extracts, only R. rhodochrous GD01 and GD02, isolated for their ability to grow on acetovanillone, depleted the major extracted monoaromatics. Genomic analyses revealed that EP4, GD01, and GD02 share an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 98% and that GD01 and GD02 harbor a predicted three-component carboxylase not present in EP4. A representative carboxylase gene was upregulated ~100-fold during growth of GD02 on a mixture of the BL monoaromatics, consistent with the involvement of the enzyme in acetovanillone catabolism. More generally, quantitative RT-PCR indicated that GD02 catabolizes the BL compounds in a convergent manner via the β-ketoadipate pathway. Overall, these studies help define the catabolic capabilities of potential biocatalytic strains, describe new isolates able to catabolize the major monoaromatic components of BL, including acetovanillone, and facilitate the design of biocatalysts to valorize under-utilized components of industrial lignin streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Navas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gara Dexter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Levy-Booth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - MiJung Cho
- Department of Wood Science, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Soo-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Wood Science, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lindsay D Eltis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, BioProducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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26
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de Vries L, Guevara-Rozo S, Cho M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Mansfield SD. Tailoring renewable materials via plant biotechnology. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:167. [PMID: 34353358 PMCID: PMC8344217 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants inherently display a rich diversity in cell wall chemistry, as they synthesize an array of polysaccharides along with lignin, a polyphenolic that can vary dramatically in subunit composition and interunit linkage complexity. These same cell wall chemical constituents play essential roles in our society, having been isolated by a variety of evolving industrial processes and employed in the production of an array of commodity products to which humans are reliant. However, these polymers are inherently synthesized and intricately packaged into complex structures that facilitate plant survival and adaptation to local biogeoclimatic regions and stresses, not for ease of deconstruction and commercial product development. Herein, we describe evolving techniques and strategies for altering the metabolic pathways related to plant cell wall biosynthesis, and highlight the resulting impact on chemistry, architecture, and polymer interactions. Furthermore, this review illustrates how these unique targeted cell wall modifications could significantly extend the number, diversity, and value of products generated in existing and emerging biorefineries. These modifications can further target the ability for processing of engineered wood into advanced high performance materials. In doing so, we attempt to illuminate the complex connection on how polymer chemistry and structure can be tailored to advance renewable material applications, using all the chemical constituents of plant-derived biopolymers, including pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA
| | - Sydne Guevara-Rozo
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - MiJung Cho
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA.
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27
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Bilek MA, Soolanayakanahally RY, Guy RD, Mansfield SD. Physiological Response of Populus balsamifera and Salix eriocephala to Salinity and Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater: Potential for Phytoremediation Applications. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17207641. [PMID: 33092092 PMCID: PMC7589555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic soil degradation is resulting in a substantial rise in the extension of saline and industrially-polluted soils. Phytoremediation offers an environmentally and economically advantageous solution to soil contamination. Three growth trials were conducted to assess the stress tolerance of native Canadian genotypes of Populus balsamifera L., Salix eriocephala Michx., and one hybrid willow (S. discolor × S. dasyclados) to salinity and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) wastewater. Thirty-three genotypes were grown in NaCl or fracking wastewater solutions between 0 and 7 mS−1 over a period of 3–4 months. P. balsamifera was observed to be relatively salt-intolerant compared to S. eriocephala and hybrid willow, which is likely caused by an inability of P. balsamifera to restrict Na+ translocation. Photosynthesis and transpiration decreased with salinity treatments, and severe reductions occurred with exposure to fracking solutions. Raffinose and stachyose content was tripled in leaf and root tissues. In willows, Na+ was primarily confined to root tissues, Cl− accumulated up to 5% dry weight in leaves, and K+ was translocated from roots to leaves. Willow genotypes CAM-2 and STL-2 displayed the greatest maintenance of growth and resistance to necrotic symptoms in all trials, suggesting that these genotypes may be useful for practical application and further field study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Bilek
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | | | - Robert D. Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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28
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Perkins ML, Schuetz M, Unda F, Smith RA, Sibout R, Hoffmann NJ, Wong DCJ, Castellarin SD, Mansfield SD, Samuels L. Dwarfism of high-monolignol Arabidopsis plants is rescued by ectopic LACCASE overexpression. Plant Direct 2020; 4:e00265. [PMID: 33005856 PMCID: PMC7520647 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a key secondary cell wall chemical constituent, and is both a barrier to biomass utilization and a potential source of bioproducts. The Arabidopsis transcription factors MYB58 and MYB63 have been shown to upregulate gene expression of the general phenylpropanoid and monolignol biosynthetic pathways. The overexpression of these genes also results in dwarfism. The vascular integrity, soluble phenolic profiles, cell wall lignin, and transcriptomes associated with these MYB-overexpressing lines were characterized. Plants with high expression of MYB58 and MYB63 had increased ectopic lignin and the xylem vessels were regular and open, suggesting that the stunted growth is not associated with loss of vascular conductivity. MYB58 and MYB63 overexpression lines had characteristic soluble phenolic profiles with large amounts of monolignol glucosides and sinapoyl esters, but decreased flavonoids. Because loss of function lac4 lac17 mutants also accumulate monolignol glucosides, we hypothesized that LACCASE overexpression might decrease monolignol glucoside levels in the MYB-overexpressing plant lines. When laccases related to lignification (LAC4 or LAC17) were co-overexpressed with MYB63 or MYB58, the dwarf phenotype was rescued. Moreover, the overexpression of either LAC4 or LAC17 led to wild-type monolignol glucoside levels, as well as wild-type lignin levels in the rescued plants. Transcriptomes of the rescued double MYB63-OX/LAC17-OX overexpression lines showed elevated, but attenuated, expression of the MYB63 gene itself and the direct transcriptional targets of MYB63. Contrasting the dwarfism from overabundant monolignol production with dwarfism from lignin mutants provides insight into some of the proposed mechanisms of lignin modification-induced dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Schuetz
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Rebecca A. Smith
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Richard Sibout
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages)INRANantesFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Lacey Samuels
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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29
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Bünder A, Sundman O, Mahboubi A, Persson S, Mansfield SD, Rüggeberg M, Niittylä T. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING 1 is required for wood mechanics and leaf morphology in aspen. Plant J 2020; 103:1858-1868. [PMID: 32526794 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils synthesized by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE COMPLEXES (CSCs) are the main load-bearing polymers in wood. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING1 (CSI1) connects CSCs with cortical microtubules, which align with cellulose microfibrils. Mechanical properties of wood are dependent on cellulose microfibril alignment and structure in the cell walls, but the molecular mechanism(s) defining these features is unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of CSI1 in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) by characterizing transgenic lines with significantly reduced CSI1 transcript abundance. Reduction in leaves (50-80%) caused leaf twisting and misshaped pavement cells, while reduction (70-90%) in developing xylem led to impaired mechanical wood properties evident as a decrease in the elastic modulus and rupture. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that microfibril angle was not impacted by the altered CSI1 abundance in developing wood fibres. Instead, the augmented wood phenotype of the transgenic trees was associated with a reduced cellulose degree of polymerization. These findings establish a function for CSI1 in wood mechanics and in defining leaf cell shape. Furthermore, the results imply that the microfibril angle in wood is defined by CSI1 independent mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bünder
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE 901 83, Sweden
| | - Ola Sundman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE 901 87, Sweden
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE 901 83, Sweden
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Markus Rüggeberg
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Building Materials, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (Empa), Dubendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE 901 83, Sweden
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30
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Champigny MJ, Unda F, Skyba O, Soolanayakanahally RY, Mansfield SD, Campbell MM. Learning from methylomes: epigenomic correlates of Populus balsamifera traits based on deep learning models of natural DNA methylation. Plant Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1361-1375. [PMID: 31742813 PMCID: PMC7207000 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigenomes have remarkable potential for the estimation of plant traits. This study tested the hypothesis that natural variation in DNA methylation can be used to estimate industrially important traits in a genetically diverse population of Populus balsamifera L. (balsam poplar) trees grown at two common garden sites. Statistical learning experiments enabled by deep learning models revealed that plant traits in novel genotypes can be modelled transparently using small numbers of methylated DNA predictors. Using this approach, tissue type, a nonheritable attribute, from which DNA methylomes were derived was assigned, and provenance, a purely heritable trait and an element of population structure, was determined. Significant proportions of phenotypic variance in quantitative wood traits, including total biomass (57.5%), wood density (40.9%), soluble lignin (25.3%) and cell wall carbohydrate (mannose: 44.8%) contents, were also explained from natural variation in DNA methylation. Modelling plant traits using DNA methylation can capture tissue-specific epigenetic mechanisms underlying plant phenotypes in natural environments. DNA methylation-based models offer new insight into natural epigenetic influence on plants and can be used as a strategy to validate the identity, provenance or quality of agroforestry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J. Champigny
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Oleksandr Skyba
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | | | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Malcolm M. Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
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31
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Huang X, Soolanayakanahally RY, Guy RD, Shunmugam ASK, Mansfield SD. Differences in growth and physiological and metabolic responses among Canadian native and hybrid willows (Salix spp.) under salinity stress. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:652-666. [PMID: 32083671 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, soil salinization is becoming increasingly prevalent, due to local hydrogeologic phenomena, climate change and anthropogenic activities. This has significantly curtailed current world food production and limits future production potential. In the prairie region of North America, sulfate salts, rather than sodium chloride, are often the predominant cause of soil degradation. In order to amend soil quality, revegetate salt-affected sites and recover economic loss associated with soil salinization, the establishment of short-rotation coppice plantations with willows (Salix spp.) has been suggested as a possible solution. To screen for the best candidates for such an application, 20 hybrid and 16 native willow genotypes were treated with three different salt conditions for 3 months. The treatments were designed to reflect the salt composition and concentrations on North American prairies. Under moderate salinity treatment (7 dS m-1), hybrid willows had better growth, as they established quickly while managing salt transport and mineral nutrition balance. However, native willows showed higher potential for long-term survival under severe salinity treatment (14 dS m-1), showing a lower sodium:potassium ratio in roots and better photosynthetic performance. Two native willow genotypes with high osmotic and salinity tolerance indices, specifically LAR-10 and MJW-9, are expected to show superior potential for remediating salt-affected sites. In addition, we observed significantly higher sulfate/sulfur concentrations in both leaf and root tissues in response to the severe salinity treatment, shedding light on the effect of sulfate salinity on sulfate uptake, and potentially sulfur metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Arun S K Shunmugam
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria Research, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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32
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Mottiar Y, Gierlinger N, Jeremic D, Master ER, Mansfield SD. Atypical lignification in eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris). New Phytol 2020; 226:704-713. [PMID: 31883117 PMCID: PMC7187453 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex phenolic biopolymer found mainly in the secondary cell walls of vascular plants, where it contributes to mechanical strength, water conduction, and plant defence. We studied the lignin of eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris) because this slow-growing woody shrub is known for its flexible stems. Various analytical techniques and microscopy methods were employed to examine the composition and distribution of lignin and structural polysaccharides in leatherwood xylem in comparison with trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white spruce (Picea glauca). We found that leatherwood has low overall levels of lignin, a high syringyl lignin content, and a unique distribution of lignin. Most remarkably, the cell corners and middle lamellae remain unlignified in mature xylem. These findings help explain the flexibility of leatherwood and also call into question the classical model of lignification, which purports that lignin polymerization begins in the cell corners and middle lamellae. This atypical lignification regime vividly illustrates the diversity in plant secondary cell wall formation that abounds in nature and casts leatherwood as a new model for the study of lignin biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Department of NanobiotechnologyInstitute for BiophysicsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaMuthgasse 11Vienna1190Austria
| | - Dragica Jeremic
- Department of Sustainable BioproductsMississippi State UniversityBox 9680StarkvilleMS39759USA
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5S 3E5Canada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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33
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Yao D, Gonzales-Vigil E, Mansfield SD. Arabidopsis sucrose synthase localization indicates a primary role in sucrose translocation in phloem. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:1858-1869. [PMID: 31805187 PMCID: PMC7242074 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is one of two enzyme families capable of catalyzing the first degradative step in sucrose utilization. Several earlier studies examining SuSy mutants in Arabidopsis failed to identify obvious phenotypic abnormalities compared with wild-type plants in normal growth environments, and as such a functional role for SuSy in the previously proposed cellulose biosynthetic process remains unclear. Our study systematically evaluated the precise subcellular localization of all six isoforms of Arabidopsis SuSy via live-cell imaging. We showed that yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-labeled SuSy1 and SuSy4 were expressed exclusively in phloem companion cells, and the sus1/sus4 double mutant accumulated sucrose under hypoxic conditions. SuSy5 and SuSy6 were found to be parietally localized in sieve elements and restricted only to the cytoplasm. SuSy2 was present in the endosperm and embryo of developing seeds, and SuSy3 was localized to the embryo and leaf stomata. No single isoform of SuSy was detected in developing xylem tissue of elongating stem, the primary site of cellulose deposition in plants. SuSy1 and SuSy4 were also undetectable in the protoxylem tracheary elements, which were induced by the vascular-related transcription factor VND7 during secondary cell wall formation. These findings implicate SuSy in the biological events related to sucrose translocation in phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Yao
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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34
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Ribeiro CL, Conde D, Balmant KM, Dervinis C, Johnson MG, McGrath AP, Szewczyk P, Unda F, Finegan CA, Schmidt HW, Miles B, Drost DR, Novaes E, Gonzalez-Benecke CA, Peter GF, Burleigh JG, Martin TA, Mansfield SD, Chang G, Wickett NJ, Kirst M. The uncharacterized gene EVE contributes to vessel element dimensions in Populus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5059-5066. [PMID: 32041869 PMCID: PMC7060721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912434117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation of angiosperms led to the emergence of the vast majority of today's plant species and all our major food crops. Their extraordinary diversification occurred in conjunction with the evolution of a more efficient vascular system for the transport of water, composed of vessel elements. The physical dimensions of these water-conducting specialized cells have played a critical role in angiosperm evolution; they determine resistance to water flow, influence photosynthesis rate, and contribute to plant stature. However, the genetic factors that determine their dimensions are unclear. Here we show that a previously uncharacterized gene, ENLARGED VESSEL ELEMENT (EVE), contributes to the dimensions of vessel elements in Populus, impacting hydraulic conductivity. Our data suggest that EVE is localized in the plasma membrane and is involved in potassium uptake of differentiating xylem cells during vessel development. In plants, EVE first emerged in streptophyte algae, but expanded dramatically among vessel-containing angiosperms. The phylogeny, structure and composition of EVE indicates that it may have been involved in an ancient horizontal gene-transfer event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia L Ribeiro
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Daniel Conde
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Aaron P McGrath
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Paul Szewczyk
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christina A Finegan
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Henry W Schmidt
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Brianna Miles
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Derek R Drost
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Evandro Novaes
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Gary F Peter
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J Gordon Burleigh
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Timothy A Martin
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Chang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Norman J Wickett
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL 60622
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Matias Kirst
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611;
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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35
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Da Ros LM, Soolanayakanahally RY, Mansfield SD. Discerning the effects of phosphate status on the metabolism of hybrid poplar. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:158-169. [PMID: 31748816 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of phosphate in leaves as external environmental phosphate concentrations increase has been observed across the plant kingdom. The excess storage of anions, such as phosphate, has various metabolic trade-offs, including a corresponding influx of counter-ions to maintain charge balance and/or the reduction in organic acid content to maintain internal pH. The leaves and roots of four hybrid poplar genotypes were tested for differences in metabolic response to increasing external phosphate and further effects on patterns of anion resorption among hybrid poplar and willow were explored. Organic acid concentrations increased or remained constant across treatments, suggesting that metabolic adjustments were made in response to greater influxes of inorganic cations rather than a response to increasing phosphate. During senescence, the hybrid poplar Tristis had higher sulfate and organic acid resorption, while hybrid willow, AAFC-5, had higher phosphate resorption proficiencies, suggesting differing anion remobilization mechanisms. Furthermore, phosphate accumulation was shown to continue well after bud-set in poplar hybrids, which may contribute to the low phosphorus resorption efficiency. This indicates that closely related species, with similar growth strategies, show preferential resorption toward different nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia M Da Ros
- University of British Columbia, Department of Wood Science, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Shawn D Mansfield
- University of British Columbia, Department of Wood Science, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
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36
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Da Ros LM, Mansfield SD. Biotechnological mechanism for improving plant remobilization of phosphorus during leaf senescence. Plant Biotechnol J 2020; 18:470-478. [PMID: 31325405 PMCID: PMC6953190 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus enrichment of aquatic ecosystems through diffuse source pollution is an ongoing issue worldwide. A potential solution lies in the use of fast-growing, multipurpose feedstocks, such as trees, to limit the flow of phosphorus into riparian areas through luxury consumption. However, the perennial nature of trees and their use of leaves as storage organs for excess phosphorus may reduce the effectiveness of contaminant removal during periods of leaf abscission. In an attempt to improve phosphorus remobilization during autumnal senescence, transgenic hybrid poplar P39 (Populus alba × Populus grandidentata) and Arabidopsis thaliana harbouring a constitutively expressed low-affinity potato phosphate transporter (35S::StPht1-1) were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. For both species, the highest expressing 35S::StPht1-1 lines were grown alongside wild-type plants and subjected to increasing phosphate applications. StPht1-1 expression in A. thaliana led to a reduction in biomass when grown under high-phosphate conditions and had no effect on phosphate remobilization during senescence. In contrast, StPht1-1 constitutive expression in P39 resulted in increased leaf phosphate content in the highest expressing transgenic line and minimal to no effect on P resorption efficiency. Surprisingly, sulphate resorption showed the greatest improvement in all three transgenic poplar lines, displaying a 31%-37% increase in resorption efficiency. These results highlight the complexity of nutrient resorption mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia M. Da Ros
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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37
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Groover A, Mansfield SD. An introduction to a Virtual Issue on Wood Biology. New Phytol 2020; 225:1401-1403. [PMID: 31957082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Groover
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, US Forest Service, 1731 Research Park Drive, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre 4030, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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38
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Wang S, Yamaguchi M, Grienenberger E, Martone PT, Samuels AL, Mansfield SD. The Class II KNOX genes KNAT3 and KNAT7 work cooperatively to influence deposition of secondary cell walls that provide mechanical support to Arabidopsis stems. Plant J 2020; 101:293-309. [PMID: 31587430 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA7 (KNAT7) is a Class II KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX2) gene that, in interfascicular fibres, acts as a negative regulator of secondary cell wall biosynthesis. In addition, knat7 loss-of-function mutants display an irregular xylem (irx) phenotype, suggesting a potential positive regulatory role in xylem vessel secondary cell wall deposition. Although our understanding of the role of KNAT7 is evolving, the function(s) of the closely related KNOX2 genes, KNAT3, KNAT4, and KNAT5, in secondary wall formation still remain unclear. We found that all four Arabidopsis KNOX2 genes were expressed in the inflorescence stems. However, only the knat3 knat7 double mutants showed a phenotype, displaying an enhanced irx phenotypes relative to the single mutants, as well as decreased interfascicular fibre cell wall thickness. Moreover, knat3 knat7 double mutants had reduced stem tensile and flexural strength compared with wild-type and single mutants. In contrast, KNAT3 overexpression resulted in thicker interfascicular fibre secondary cell walls in inflorescence stems, suggesting a potential positive regulation in interfascicular fibre secondary wall development. This work identifies KNAT3 as a potential transcriptional activator working together with KNAT7 to promote secondary cell wall biosynthesis in xylem vessels, while concurrently acting antagonistically with KNAT7 to influence secondary wall formation in interfascicular fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Etienne Grienenberger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS UPR 2357, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick T Martone
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Dean GH, Sola K, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Haughn GW. Analysis of Monosaccharides from Arabidopsis Seed Mucilageand Whole Seeds Using HPAEC-PAD. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3464. [PMID: 33654956 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells deposit a significant quantity of mucilage, composed of the cell wall components pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, into the apoplast during development. When mature seeds are hydrated, mucilage extrudes to form a gelatinous capsule around the seed. Determining the monosaccharide composition of both extruded mucilage and whole seeds is an essential technique for characterizing seed coat developmental processes and mutants with altered mucilage composition. This protocol covers growth of plants to produce seeds suitable for analysis, extraction of extruded mucilage using water and sodium carbonate (used for mutants with impaired mucilage release), and extraction of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) from whole seeds. The prepared polysaccharides are then hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid, which hydrolyses all polysaccharides including cellulose. Sensitive and reproducible quantification of the resulting monosaccharides is achieved using high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kresimir Sola
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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40
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He F, Machemer-Noonan K, Golfier P, Unda F, Dechert J, Zhang W, Hoffmann N, Samuels L, Mansfield SD, Rausch T, Wolf S. The in vivo impact of MsLAC1, a Miscanthus laccase isoform, on lignification and lignin composition contrasts with its in vitro substrate preference. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:552. [PMID: 31830911 PMCID: PMC6909574 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding lignin biosynthesis and composition is of central importance for sustainable bioenergy and biomaterials production. Species of the genus Miscanthus have emerged as promising bioenergy crop due to their rapid growth and modest nutrient requirements. However, lignin polymerization in Miscanthus is poorly understood. It was previously shown that plant laccases are phenol oxidases that have multiple functions in plant, one of which is the polymerization of monolignols. Herein, we link a newly discovered Miscanthus laccase, MsLAC1, to cell wall lignification. Characterization of recombinant MsLAC1 and Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing MsLAC1 were carried out to understand the function of MsLAC1 both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Using a comprehensive suite of molecular, biochemical and histochemical analyses, we show that MsLAC1 localizes to cell walls and identify Miscanthus transcription factors capable of regulating MsLAC1 expression. In addition, MsLAC1 complements the Arabidopsis lac4-2 lac17 mutant and recombinant MsLAC1 is able to oxidize monolignol in vitro. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing MsLAC1 show higher G-lignin content, although recombinant MsLAC1 seemed to prefer sinapyl alcohol as substrate. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results suggest that MsLAC1 is regulated by secondary cell wall MYB transcription factors and is involved in lignification of xylem fibers. This report identifies MsLAC1 as a promising breeding target in Miscanthus for biofuel and biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Machemer-Noonan
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Golfier
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johanna Dechert
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wan Zhang
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Thomas Rausch
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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McGee R, Dean GH, Mansfield SD, Haughn GW. Assessing the utility of seed coat-specific promoters to engineer cell wall polysaccharide composition of mucilage. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 101:373-387. [PMID: 31422517 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide composition of seed mucilage was successfully modified using three seed coat-specific promoters driving expression of genes encoding cell wall-modifying enzymes. Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of mucilage, a specialized secondary cell wall composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The composition and structure of mucilage confers its unique properties of expansion, extrusion, and adherence. We are developing seed mucilage as a model to study the biochemical and biological consequences of manipulating cell wall polysaccharides in vivo using cell wall-modifying enzymes. To specifically engineer mucilage composition and avoid altering other cell types, seed coat-specific promoters are required. In this study, we investigated the ability of seed coat-specific promoters from three genes, TESTA-ABUNDANT2 (TBA2), PEROXIDASE36 (PER36), and MUCILAGE-MODIFIED4 (MUM4), to express the cell wall modifying β-galactosidase (BGAL)-encoding gene MUCILAGE-MODIFIED2 (MUM2) and complement the mum2 mutant. The strength of the three promoters relative to one another was found to vary by two to 250 fold, and correlated with their ability to rescue the mum2 mutant phenotype. The strongest of the three promoters, TBA2p, was then used to examine the ability of three MUM2 homologs to complement the mum2 extrusion and cell wall composition phenotypes. The degree of complementation was variable and correlated with the amino acid sequence similarity between the homologous gene products and MUM2. These data demonstrate that all three seed coat-specific promoters can drive expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes in a spatial and temporal pattern sufficiently to modify polysaccharide composition in seed mucilage without obvious negative consequences to the rest of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McGee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Meents MJ, Motani S, Mansfield SD, Samuels AL. Organization of Xylan Production in the Golgi During Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2019; 181:527-546. [PMID: 31431513 PMCID: PMC6776863 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell wall (SCW) production during xylem development requires massive up-regulation of hemicellulose (e.g. glucuronoxylan) biosynthesis in the Golgi. Although mutant studies have revealed much of the xylan biosynthetic machinery, the precise arrangement of these proteins and their products in the Golgi apparatus is largely unknown. We used a fluorescently tagged xylan backbone biosynthetic protein (IRREGULAR XYLEM9; IRX9) as a marker of xylan production in the Golgi of developing protoxylem tracheary elements in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Both live-cell confocal and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed SCW deposition is accompanied by a significant proliferation of Golgi stacks. Furthermore, although Golgi stacks were randomly distributed, the organization of the cytoplasm ensured their close proximity to developing SCWs. Quantitative immuno-TEM revealed IRX9 is present in a specific subdomain of the Golgi stack and was most abundant in the ring of the inner margins of medial cisternae where fenestrations are abundant. Conversely, the xylan product accumulated in swollen trans cisternal margins and the Trans-Golgi network (TGN). The irx9 mutant lacked this expansion for both the cisternal margins and the TGN, whereas Golgi stack proliferation was unaffected. Golgi in irx9 also displayed dramatic changes in their structure, with increases in cisternal fenestration and tubulation. Our data support a new model where xylan biosynthesis and packaging into secretory vesicles are localized in distinct structural and functional domains of the Golgi. Rather than polysaccharide biosynthesis occurring in the center of the cisternae, IRX9 and the xylan product are arranged in successive concentric rings in Golgi cisternae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Meents
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia
| | - Sanya Motani
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia
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43
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McKown AD, Klápště J, Guy RD, Corea ORA, Fritsche S, Ehlting J, El-Kassaby YA, Mansfield SD. A role for SPEECHLESS in the integration of leaf stomatal patterning with the growth vs disease trade-off in poplar. New Phytol 2019; 223:1888-1903. [PMID: 31081152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of stomata on both leaf surfaces (amphistomaty) promotes higher stomatal conductance and photosynthesis while simultaneously increasing exposure to potential disease agents in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 2.2M single nucleotide polymorphisms generated through whole-genome sequencing found 280 loci associated with variation in adaxial stomatal traits, implicating genes regulating stomatal development and behavior. Strikingly, numerous loci regulating plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses were also identified. The most significant locus was a poplar homologue of SPEECHLESS (PtSPCH1). Individuals possessing PtSPCH1 alleles associated with greater adaxial stomatal density originated primarily from environments with shorter growing seasons (e.g. northern latitudes, high elevations) or with less precipitation. PtSPCH1 was expressed in developing leaves but not developing stem xylem. In developing leaves, RNA sequencing showed patterns of coordinated expression between PtSPCH1 and other GWAS-identified genes. The breadth of our GWAS results suggests that the evolution of amphistomaty is part of a larger, complex response in plants. Suites of genes underpin this response, retrieved through genetic association to adaxial stomata, and show coordinated expression during development. We propose that the occurrence of amphistomaty in P. trichocarpa involves PtSPCH1 and reflects selection for supporting rapid growth over investment in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena D McKown
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Klápště
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Oliver R A Corea
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Steffi Fritsche
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jürgen Ehlting
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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44
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Wierzbicki MP, Christie N, Pinard D, Mansfield SD, Mizrachi E, Myburg AA. A systems genetics analysis in Eucalyptus reveals coordination of metabolic pathways associated with xylan modification in wood-forming tissues. New Phytol 2019; 223:1952-1972. [PMID: 31144333 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl- and methylglucuronic acid decorations of xylan, the dominant hemicellulose in secondary cell walls (SCWs) of woody dicots, affect its interaction with cellulose and lignin to determine SCW structure and extractability. Genes and pathways involved in these modifications may be targets for genetic engineering; however, little is known about the regulation of xylan modifications in woody plants. To address this, we assessed genetic and gene expression variation associated with xylan modification in developing xylem of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla interspecific hybrids. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping identified potential regulatory polymorphisms affecting gene expression modules associated with xylan modification. We identified 14 putative xylan modification genes that are members of five expression modules sharing seven trans-eQTL hotspots. The xylan modification genes are prevalent in two expression modules. The first comprises nucleotide sugar interconversion pathways supplying the essential precursors for cellulose and xylan biosynthesis. The second contains genes responsible for phenylalanine biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis required for glucuronic acid and monolignol methylation. Co-expression and co-regulation analyses also identified four metabolic sources of acetyl coenxyme A that appear to be transcriptionally coordinated with xylan modification. Our systems genetics analysis may provide new avenues for metabolic engineering to alter wood SCW biology for enhanced biomass processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Wierzbicki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Nanette Christie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Desré Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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45
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Strauss SH, Boerjan W, Chiang V, Costanza A, Coleman H, Davis JM, Lu MZ, Mansfield SD, Merkle S, Myburg A, Nilsson O, Pilate G, Powell W, Seguin A, Valenzuela S. Certification for gene-edited forests. Science 2019; 365:767-768. [PMID: 31439790 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Chiang
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Heather Coleman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - John M Davis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Merkle
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexander Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - William Powell
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Armand Seguin
- Faculty of Forestry, Geography and Geomatics, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sofia Valenzuela
- Facultad Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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46
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Cappa EP, de Lima BM, da Silva-Junior OB, Garcia CC, Mansfield SD, Grattapaglia D. Improving genomic prediction of growth and wood traits in Eucalyptus using phenotypes from non-genotyped trees by single-step GBLUP. Plant Sci 2019; 284:9-15. [PMID: 31084883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) in tree breeding typically only uses information from genotyped trees. However, information from phenotyped but non-genotyped trees can also be highly valuable. The single-step GBLUP approach (ssGBLUP) allows genomic prediction to take into account both genotyped and non-genotyped trees simultaneously in a single evaluation. In this study, we investigated the advantage, in terms of breeding value accuracy and bias, of including phenotypic observation from non-genotyped trees in a standard tree GBLUP evaluation. We compared the efficiency of the conventional pedigree-based (ABLUP), GBLUP and ssGBLUP approaches to evaluate eight growth and wood quality traits in a Eucalyptus hybrid population, genotyped with 33,398 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the EucHIP60k. Theoretical accuracies, predictive ability and bias were calculated by ten-fold cross validation on all traits. The use of additional phenotypic information from non-genotyped trees by means of ssGBLUP provided higher predictive ability (from 37% to 75%) and lower prediction bias (from 21% to 73%) for the genetic component of non-phenotyped but genotyped trees when compared to GBLUP. The increase (decrease) in the prediction accuracy (bias) became stronger as trait heritability decreased. We concluded that ssGBLUP is a promising breeding tool to improve accuracies and bias over classical GBLUP for genomic evaluation in Eucalyptus breeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Cappa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | | | | | - Carla C Garcia
- International Paper of Brazil, Rodovia SP 340 KM 171, 13840-970, Mogi Guaçu, SP, Brazil
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- University of British Columbia, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dario Grattapaglia
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, EPQB Final W5 Norte, 70770-917, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Genomic Sciences Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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47
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Marco de Lima B, Cappa EP, Silva-Junior OB, Garcia C, Mansfield SD, Grattapaglia D. Quantitative genetic parameters for growth and wood properties in Eucalyptus "urograndis" hybrid using near-infrared phenotyping and genome-wide SNP-based relationships. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218747. [PMID: 31233563 PMCID: PMC6590816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the heritability, genetic correlations and additive and non-additive variance components of tree growth and wood properties is a requisite for effective tree breeding. This knowledge is essential to maximize genetic gain, that is, the amount of increase in trait performance achieved annually through directional selection. Understanding the genetic attributes of traits targeted by breeding is also important to sustain decade-long genetic progress, that is, the progress made by increasing the average genetic value of the offspring as compared to that of the parental generation. In this study, we report quantitative genetic parameters for fifteen growth, wood chemical and physical traits for the world-famous Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid (E. grandis × E. urophylla). These traits directly impact the optimal use of wood for cellulose pulp, paper, and energy production. A population of 1,000 trees sampled in a progeny trial was phenotyped directly or following the development and use of near-infrared spectroscopy calibration models. Trees were genotyped with 33,398 SNPs and 24,001 DArT-seq genome-wide markers and genomic realized relationship matrices (GRM) were used for parameter estimation with an individual-tree additive-dominant mixed model. Wood chemical properties and wood density showed stronger genetic control than growth, cellulose and fiber traits. Additive effects are the main drivers of genetic variation for all traits, but dominance plays an equally or more important role for growth, singularly in this hybrid. GRM´s with >10,000 markers provided stable relationships estimates and more accurate parameters than pedigrees by capturing the full genetic relationships among individuals and disentangling the non-additive from the additive genetic component. Low correlations between growth and wood properties indicate that simultaneous selection for wood traits can be applied with minor effects on genetic gain for growth. Conversely, moderate to strong correlations between wood density and chemical traits exist, likely due to their interdependency on cell wall structure such that responses to selection will be connected for these traits. Our results illustrate the advantage of using genome-wide marker data to inform tree breeding in general and have important consequences for operational breeding of eucalypt urograndis hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Marco de Lima
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo P. Cappa
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Orzenil B. Silva-Junior
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dario Grattapaglia
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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48
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Brook AJ, De Haes F, Smart NJ, Mansfield SD, Daniels IR. Incidence of and risk factors for stoma-site incisional herniation after reversal. BJS Open 2019; 3:415. [PMID: 31183458 PMCID: PMC6551400 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A J Brook
- Exeter Surgical Health Service Research Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW UK
| | - F De Haes
- Exeter Surgical Health Service Research Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW UK
| | - N J Smart
- Exeter Surgical Health Service Research Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW UK
| | - S D Mansfield
- Exeter Surgical Health Service Research Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW UK
| | - I R Daniels
- Exeter Surgical Health Service Research Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW UK
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Šola K, Gilchrist EJ, Ropartz D, Wang L, Feussner I, Mansfield SD, Ralet MC, Haughn GW. RUBY, a Putative Galactose Oxidase, Influences Pectin Properties and Promotes Cell-To-Cell Adhesion in the Seed Coat Epidermis of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2019; 31:809-831. [PMID: 30852555 PMCID: PMC6501606 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell adhesion is essential for establishment of multicellularity. In plants, such adhesion is mediated through a middle lamella composed primarily of pectic polysaccharides. The molecular interactions that influence cell-to-cell adhesion are not fully understood. We have used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat mucilage as a model system to investigate interactions between cell wall carbohydrates. Using a forward-genetic approach, we have discovered a gene, RUBY PARTICLES IN MUCILAGE (RUBY), encoding a protein that is annotated as a member of the Auxiliary Activity 5 (AA5) family of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (Gal/glyoxal oxidases) and is secreted to the apoplast late in the differentiation of seed coat epidermal cells. We show that RUBY is required for the Gal oxidase activity of intact seeds; the oxidation of Gal in side-chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) present in mucilage-modified2 (mum2) mucilage, but not in wild-type mucilage; the retention of branched RG-I in the seed following extrusion; and the enhancement of cell-to-cell adhesion in the seed coat epidermis. These data support the hypothesis that RUBY is a Gal oxidase that strengthens pectin cohesion within the middle lamella, and possibly the mucilage of wild-type seed coat epidermal cells, through oxidation of RG-I Gal side-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Šola
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Erin J Gilchrist
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Ropartz
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nantes 44316, France
| | - Lisa Wang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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50
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Mahon EL, Mansfield SD. Tailor-made trees: engineering lignin for ease of processing and tomorrow's bioeconomy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 56:147-155. [PMID: 30529238 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant source of cellulosic fibres and fermentable sugars. However, lignin, a polyphenolic constituent of secondary-thickened plant cell walls significantly contributes to biomass recalcitrance during industrial processing. Efforts to reduce plant total lignin content through genetic engineering have improved processing efficiency, but often incur an agronomic penalty. Alternatively, modifications that alter the composition of lignin and/or its interaction with other cell wall polymers display improved processing efficiency without compromising biomass yield. We propose that future efforts to improve woody feedstocks should focus on altering lignin composition and cell wall ultrastructure. Here, we describe potential future modifications to lignin and/or other cell wall characteristics that may serve as strategic targets in the production of trees that are tailor-made for specific pretreatments and end-product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Mahon
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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