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Sheik AG, Krishna SBN, Patnaik R, Ambati SR, Bux F, Kumari S. Digitalization of phosphorous removal process in biological wastewater treatment systems: Challenges, and way forward. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119133. [PMID: 38735379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus in wastewater poses a significant environmental threat, leading to water pollution and eutrophication. However, it plays a crucial role in the water-energy-resource recovery-environment (WERE) nexus. Recovering Phosphorus from wastewater can close the phosphorus loop, supporting circular economy principles by reusing it as fertilizer or in industrial applications. Despite the recognized importance of phosphorus recovery, there is a lack of analysis of the cyber-physical framework concerning the WERE nexus. Advanced methods like automatic control, optimal process technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and life cycle assessment (LCA) have emerged to enhance wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operations focusing on improving effluent quality, energy efficiency, resource recovery, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Providing insights into implementing modeling and simulation platforms, control, and optimization systems for Phosphorus recovery in WERE (P-WERE) in WWTPs is extremely important in WWTPs. This review highlights the valuable applications of AI algorithms, such as machine learning, deep learning, and explainable AI, for predicting phosphorus (P) dynamics in WWTPs. It emphasizes the importance of using AI to analyze microbial communities and optimize WWTPs for different various objectives. Additionally, it discusses the benefits of integrating mechanistic and data-driven models into plant-wide frameworks, which can enhance GHG simulation and enable simultaneous nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) removal. The review underscores the significance of prioritizing recovery actions to redirect Phosphorus from effluent to reusable products for future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Gaffar Sheik
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Reeza Patnaik
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Seshagiri Rao Ambati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam, 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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Khan P, Saha R, Halder G. Towards sorptive eradication of pharmaceutical micro-pollutant ciprofloxacin from aquatic environment: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170723. [PMID: 38340867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely prioritized pharmaceuticals frequently adopted in medication for addressing numerous ailments of humans and animals. However, the non-judicious disposal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) with concentration levels exceeding threshold limit in an aqueous environment has been the matter of growing concern nowadays. CIP is found in various waterways with appreciable mobility due to its limited decay in solidified form. Hence, the effective eradication strategy of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory antibiotic from aqueous media is pivotal for preventing the users and the biosphere from their hazardous impacts. Reportedly several customary techniques like reverse osmosis, precipitation, cross-filtration, nano-filtration, ion exchange, microbial remediation, and adsorption have been employed to eliminate CIP from water. Out of them, adsorption is ascertained to be a potential method because of lesser preliminary investment costs, ease of operation, greater efficiency, less energy usage, reduced chemical and biological slurry production, and ready availability of precursor materials. Towards remediation of ciprofloxacin-laden water, plenty of researchers have used different adsorbents. However, the present-day challenge is opting the promising sorbent and its application towards industrial scale-up which is vital to get reviewed. In this article, adsorbents of diverse origins are reviewed in terms of their performances in CIP removal. The review stresses the impact of various factors on sorptive assimilation of CIP, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, mechanism of ionic interaction, contrivances for CIP detection, cost estimation and reusability assessments of adsorbents also that may endorse the next-generation investigators to decide the efficacious, environmental appealing and cost-competitive adsorbents for effective riddance of CIP from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Khan
- Centre for Research on Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Saha
- Centre for Research on Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Centre for Research on Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Wang R, Zhan Z, Song B, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN, Lei Y. Electrochemical route outperforms chemical struvite precipitation in mitigating heavy metal contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133418. [PMID: 38183941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemically mediated struvite precipitation (EMSP) offers a robust, chemical-free process towards phosphate and ammonium reclamation from nutrients-rich wastewater, i.e., swine wastewater. However, given the coexistence of heavy metal, struvite recovered from wastewater may suffer from heavy metal contamination. Here, we systematically investigated the fate of Cu2+, as a representative heavy metal, in the EMSP process and compared it with the chemical struvite precipitation (CSP) system. The results showed that Cu2+ was 100% transferred from solution to solid phase as a mixture of copper and struvite under pHi 9.5 with 2-20 mg/L Cu2+ in the CSP system, and varying pH would affect struvite production. In the EMSP system, the formation of struvite was not affected by bulk pH, and struvite was much less polluted by co-removed Cu2+ (24.4%) at pHi 7.5, which means we recovered a cleaner and safer product. Specifically, struvite mainly accumulates on the front side of the cathode. In contrast, the fascinating thing is that Cu2+ is ultimately deposited primarily to the back side of the cathode in the form of copper (hydro)oxides due to the distinct thickness of the local high pH layer on the two sides of the cathode. In turn, struvite and Cu (hydro)oxides can be harvested separately from the front and back sides of the cathode, respectively, facilitating the subsequent recycling of heavy metals and struvite. The contrasting fate of Cu2+ in the two systems highlights the merits of EMSP over conventional CSP in mitigating heavy metal pollution on recovered products, promoting the development of EMSP technology towards a cleaner recovery of struvite from waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengshuo Zhan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bingnan Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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López-Patiño AM, Cárdenas-Orrego A, Torres AF, Navarrete D, Champagne P, Ochoa-Herrera V. Native microalgal-bacterial consortia from the Ecuadorian Amazon region: an alternative to domestic wastewater treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1338547. [PMID: 38468686 PMCID: PMC10925762 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1338547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In low-middle income countries (LMIC), wastewater treatment using native microalgal-bacterial consortia has emerged as a cost-effective and technologically-accessible remediation strategy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of six microalgal-bacterial consortia (MBC) from the Ecuadorian Amazon in removing organic matter and nutrients from non-sterilized domestic wastewater (NSWW) and sterilized domestic wastewater (SWW) samples. Microalgal-bacterial consortia growth, in NSWW was, on average, six times higher than in SWW. Removal rates (RR) for NH4 +- N and PO4 3--P were also higher in NSWW, averaging 8.04 ± 1.07 and 6.27 ± 0.66 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. However, the RR for NO3 - -N did not significantly differ between SWW and NSWW, and the RR for soluble COD slightly decreased under non-sterilized conditions (NSWW). Our results also show that NSWW and SWW samples were statistically different with respect to their nutrient concentration (NH4 +-N and PO4 3--P), organic matter content (total and soluble COD and BOD5), and physical-chemical parameters (pH, T, and EC). The enhanced growth performance of MBC in NSWW can be plausibly attributed to differences in nutrient and organic matter composition between NSWW and SWW. Additionally, a potential synergy between the autochthonous consortia present in NSWW and the native microalgal-bacterial consortia may contribute to this efficiency, contrasting with SWW where no active autochthonous consortia were observed. Finally, we also show that MBC from different localities exhibit clear differences in their ability to remove organic matter and nutrients from NSWW and SWW. Future research should focus on elucidating the taxonomic and functional profiles of microbial communities within the consortia, paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of their potential applications in sustainable wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. López-Patiño
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Cárdenas-Orrego
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés F. Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Danny Navarrete
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Valeria Ochoa-Herrera
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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5
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Dong S, Li X, Wang S, Zhang D, Chen Y, Xiao F, Wang Y. Adsorption-electrochemical mediated precipitation for phosphorus recovery from sludge filter wastewater with a lanthanum-modified cellulose sponge filter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165545. [PMID: 37454846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the sludge filter wastewater is confirmed to investigate the effects of adsorption-electrochemical mediated precipitation (EMP) driven phosphorus recovery on the basis of lanthanum-modified cellulose sponge filter (LCLM) material. The adsorption-EMP method relies on in situ recovery phosphate (P) from the used desorption agent (NaOH-NaCl binary solution) via the formation of Ca5(PO4)3OH all while preserving the alkalinity of the desorption agents which benefited long-term application. The lanthanum content of LCLM was 9.0 mg/g, and the adsorption capacity reached 226.1 ± 15.2 mg P/g La at an equilibrium concentration of 3.9 mg P/L. After adsorption, 55.7 % of P was recovered, and the corresponding alkalinity increased from 1.9 mmol/L to 2.2 mmol/L. Adsorption mechanism analysis revealed that the high lanthanum usage of LCLM was attributed to the synergistic effect of the lattice oxygen of LaO and LaPO4·0.5H2O crystallite formation. Additionally, the Ca5(PO4)3OH was found precipitated in the precipitation in the cathode chamber (P-CC) rather than on the surface/section of cation exchange membrane (CEM) and cathode indicating that the P recovery process was controlled by the saturation of CaP species in the EMP system and the electromigration effect. These findings present a new strategy to promote the effective utilization of rare earth elements for P adsorption and demonstrate the potential application of adsorption-EMP systems in dephosphorization for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoxun Dong
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siying Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daxin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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6
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Wang Z, Anand D, He Z. Phosphorus Recovery from Whole Digestate through Electrochemical Leaching and Precipitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37364242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from biosolids can play an important role in a circular economy. Herein, an electrochemical phosphorus recovery cell (EPRC) was proposed and examined to recover P from municipal whole digestate via simultaneous leaching and precipitation. The anode of the EPRC released P as aqueous PO43--P through acidification, achieving the highest leaching efficiency of 93.3% under a current density of 30 A m-2. When the leached P solution was treated in the cathode, native metals including Ca and Fe facilitated electrochemically mediated PO43--P precipitation (EMP) and precipitated ∼99% of the leached P in the cathode chamber. Around 54.3-78.7% of total P existed in two harvestable forms: suspended solids in the cathode effluent and immobilized P in the cathode chamber. The solid products contained 28.42-33.51% of P2O5, comparable to the high-grade phosphate rock. Higher current densities reduced cathode scaling and resulted in a lower content of heavy metals in the solid products. An acidic solution was reused three times and effectively maintained cathode performance during a 42-cycle operation, achieving a consistent P recovery efficiency of nearly 80%. Those results have demonstrated the feasibility of the EPRC for recovering P from P-rich solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daran Anand
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Hidayat I, Paredes L, Binder PM, Guerra-Gorostegi N, Mora M, Ponsá S, Oatley-Radcliffe DL, Llenas L. A Novel Hybrid Membrane Process Coupled with Freeze Concentration for Phosphorus Recovery from Cheese Whey. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:450. [PMID: 37103876 PMCID: PMC10147047 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for phosphorus fertilisers for securing global food production, coupled with finite phosphate rock reserves, is one of the emerging problems in the world. Indeed, phosphate rock is listed as an EU critical raw material, triggering attention to find an alternative source to substitute the use of this limited resource. Cheese whey, characterized by a high content of organic matter and phosphorus, represents a promising feedstock for phosphorus recovery and recycling. An innovative application of a membrane system coupled with freeze concentration was assessed to recover phosphorus from cheese whey. The performances of a microfiltration membrane (0.2 µm) and an ultrafiltration (200 kDa) membrane were evaluated and optimized under different transmembrane pressures and crossflow velocities. Once the optimal operating conditions were determined, a pre-treatment including lactic acid acidification and centrifugation was applied to increase the permeate recovery. Finally, the efficiency of progressive freeze concentration for the treatment of the permeate obtained from the optimum conditions (UF 200 kDa with TMP of 3 bar, CFV of 1 m/s and lactic acid acidification) was evaluated at specific operating conditions (-5 °C and 600 rpm of stirring speed). Finally, 70% of phosphorus could be recovered from cheese whey using the coupled technology of the membrane system and freeze concentration. A phosphorus-rich product was obtained with high agronomic value, which constitutes a further step towards establishing a broader circular economy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipan Hidayat
- BETA Technological Center (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Lidia Paredes
- BETA Technological Center (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Pablo M. Binder
- BETA Technological Center (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Nagore Guerra-Gorostegi
- BETA Technological Center (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Mabel Mora
- BETA Technological Center (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Sergio Ponsá
- BETA Technological Center (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Darren L. Oatley-Radcliffe
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, Wales SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Laia Llenas
- BETA Technological Center (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
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Qian J, Zhou X, Cai Q, Zhao J, Huang X. The Study of Optimal Adsorption Conditions of Phosphate on Fe-Modified Biochar by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052323. [PMID: 36903566 PMCID: PMC10005502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A batch of Fe-modified biochars MS (for soybean straw), MR (for rape straw), and MP (for peanut shell) were prepared by impregnating biochars pyrolyzed from three different raw biomass materials, i.e., peanut shell, soybean straw, and rape straw, with FeCl3 solution in different Fe/C impregnation ratios (0, 0.112, 0.224, 0.448, 0.560, 0.672, and 0.896) in this research. Their characteristics (pH, porosities, surface morphologies, crystal structures, and interfacial chemical behaviors) and phosphate adsorption capacities and mechanisms were evaluated. The optimization of their phosphate removal efficiency (Y%) was analyzed using the response surface method. Our results indicated that MR, MP, and MS showed their best phosphate adsorption capacity at Fe/C ratios of 0.672, 0.672, and 0.560, respectively. Rapid phosphate removal was observed within the first few minutes and the equilibrium was attained by 12 h in all treatment. The optimal conditions for phosphorus removal were pH = 7.0, initial phosphate concentration = 132.64 mg L-1, and ambient temperature = 25 °C, where the Y% values were 97.76, 90.23, and 86.23% of MS, MP, and MR, respectively. Among the three biochars, the maximum phosphate removal efficiency determined was 97.80%. The phosphate adsorption process of three modified biochars followed a pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model, indicating monolayer adsorption based on electrostatic adsorption or ion exchange. Thus, this study clarified the mechanism of phosphate adsorption by three Fe-modified biochar composites, which present as low-cost soil conditioners for rapid and sustainable phosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui JianZhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Plant Protection & Quarantine and Tillage & Fertilizer Management Station of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Qingsong Cai
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui JianZhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui JianZhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xianhuai Huang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui JianZhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei 230061, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhan Z, Wang R, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN, Lei Y. Basket anode filled with CaCO 3 particles: A membrane-free electrochemical system for boosting phosphate recovery and product purity. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119604. [PMID: 36669305 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is often regarded as the primary stimulant for eutrophication, while its importance as a crucial life element is also well acknowledged. Given its future scarcity, P recycling from waste streams is suggested and practiced. Electrochemically mediated precipitation (EMP) is a robust and chemical-free process for P removal and recovery, yet it requires further developments. The first generation of the CaCO3-packed electrochemical precipitation column successfully solved the problem of H+-OH- recombination, achieving enhanced P removal efficiency with less energy consumption but suffering from low Ca-phosphate purity in recovered products. Herein, a new concept of a basket-anode electrochemical system is proposed and validated to prevent direct H+-OH- recombination and enhance product purity. The CaCO3 pellets packed basket anode alleviates the OH- depletion by CaCO3-H+ interaction and provides extra Ca2+ for enhanced P removal. The novel structure of the basket anode, by its derived acidic anode region and alkaline cathode region, completely avoids the precipitation of Ca-phosphate on the packed CaCO3 and greatly facilitates the collection of high-quality Ca-phosphate product. Our results suggest that almost 100% of the removed P was in high-purity, highly crystalline Ca-phosphate on the cathode. The recovered products contained significantly more P (13.5 wt%) than in the previous study (0.1 wt%) at similar energy consumptions (29.8 kWh/kg P). The applied current density, pellets size, and influent P concentration were critical for P removal performance, product purity, and power consumption. We further demonstrated the long-term stability of this novel system and its technical and economic feasibility in treating real stored urine. Our study provides new cell architectural designs to enhance the performance of EMP systems and may inspire innovations and developments in other electrochemical water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuo Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Runhua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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10
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Dmitrović S, Pajčin I, Vlajkov V, Grahovac M, Jokić A, Grahovac J. Dairy and Wine Industry Effluents as Alternative Media for the Production of Bacillus-Based Biocontrol Agents. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:663. [PMID: 36354577 PMCID: PMC9687624 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Food industry effluents represent one of the major concerns when it comes to environmental impact; hence, their valorization through different chemical and biological routes has been suggested as a possible solution. The vast amount of organic and inorganic nutrients present in food industry effluents makes them suitable substrates for microbial growth. This study suggests two valorization routes for whey as dairy industry effluent and flotation wastewater from the wine industry through microbial conversion to biocontrol agents as value-added products. Cultivations of the biocontrol strain Bacillus sp. BioSol021 were performed in a 16 L bioreactor to monitor the bioprocess course and investigate bioprocess kinetics in terms of microbial growth, sugar substrate consumption and surfactin synthesis, as an antimicrobial lipopeptide. The produced biocontrol agents showed high levels of biocontrol activity against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, followed by a significant reduction of sugar load of the investigated effluents by the producing microorganisms. With proven high potential of whey and winery flotation wastewater to be used as substrates for microbial growth, this study provides grounds for further optimization of the suggested valorization routes, mostly in terms of bioprocess conditions to achieve maximal techno-economical feasibility, energy saving and maximal reduction of effluents' organic and inorganic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Dmitrović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pajčin
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vanja Vlajkov
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mila Grahovac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jokić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Grahovac
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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11
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Takabe Y, Uchida R, Yoneda A. Enhanced electrochemical precipitation of phosphorus in wastewater by the addition of drifting Corbicula shells. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2749-2763. [PMID: 36450684 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a finite and essential resource, and its linear movement from mines to waste streams may result in shortages. This has encouraged efforts to recover P from sewage systems for reuse. This study developed a new electrochemical P precipitation system for the subnatant of the sludge flotation thickening process, in which drifting Corbicula shells are added to provide a supply of calcium ions (Ca2+) to promote P precipitation. However, adding Corbicula shells to coexisting suspended solids (SS) and coagulant resulted in adsorption of the shells in the neutralized and hydrophobized floc clusters, which limited their electrochemical dissolution. Adding Corbicula shells after SS removal by flotation with electrochemically generated gases resulted in their successful electrochemical dissolution, which enhanced phosphate-P removal. Increasing the amount of Corbicula shells enhanced the phosphate-P removal to a point, after which further addition simply increased Ca2+. The consumption of H+ generated near the anode for the dissolution of Corbicula shells increased the pH of the bulk solution, which enabled P precipitation not only onto the cathode but also in the bulk solution. Analysis of chemical composition in the generated particles suggests that they can be used as a slow P-release fertilizer and soil conditioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Takabe
- Department of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan E-mail:
| | - Rika Uchida
- Department of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan E-mail:
| | - Arisa Yoneda
- Department of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan E-mail:
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12
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Le VG, Luu TA, Bui NT, Mofijur M, Van HT, Lin C, Tran HT, Bahari M, Vu CT, Huang YH. Fluidized–bed homogeneous granulation for potassium and phosphorus recovery: K-struvite release kinetics and economic analysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Zheng Y, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Huang J, Yang Y, Tsang DCW, Wang H, Chen H, Gao B. Recovery of phosphorus from wastewater: A review based on current phosphorous removal technologies. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 53:1148-1172. [PMID: 37090929 PMCID: PMC10116781 DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2022.2128194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) as an essential nutrient for life sustains the productivity of food systems; yet misdirected P often accumulates in wastewater and triggers water eutrophication if not properly treated. Although technologies have been developed to remove P, little attention has been paid to the recovery of P from wastewater. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art P removal technologies in the science of wastewater treatment. Our analyses focus on the mechanisms, removal efficiencies, and recovery potential of four typical water and wastewater treatment processes including precipitation, biological treatment, membrane separation, and adsorption. The design principles, feasibility, operation parameters, and pros & cons of these technologies are analyzed and compared. Perspectives and future research of P removal and recovery are also proposed in the context of paradigm shift to sustainable water treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zheng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yongshan Wan
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Wang Z, He Z. Electrochemical phosphorus leaching from digested anaerobic sludge and subsequent nutrient recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118996. [PMID: 36037712 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rising concern over the depletion of phosphorus rock, phosphorus recovery from wastewater has become a key step for sustainable economy. Herein, simultaneous phosphorus leaching and nutrient recovery were accomplished in an electrochemical nutrient recovery cell (ENRC) treating digested anaerobic sludge. The anode reaction of water electrolysis lowered the sludge pH from 8.0 to 2.0 at a current density of 25 A m-2, elevating the PO43--P concentration from 27.72 to 253.47 mg L-1, comparable to that from direct acid leaching. The released PO43--P was transferred to the cathode chamber for recovery, where PO43--P recovery efficiency was enhanced from 42.0% to 90.3% by 0.26 M HCl catholyte acidification. The ENRC recovered 90-98% of the coexisting NH4+-N in the sludge. Increasing current density accelerated both phosphorus leaching and PO43--P & NH4+-N recovery, but at the expense of a higher energy consumption. After five consecutive cycles of operation, the PO43--P and NH4+-N concentrations reached 404.56 and 3493.56 mg L-1, respectively, at a normalized energy consumption of 229.20 ± 30.13 kWh kg-1 P or 25.67 ± 3.07 kWh kg -1 N. At pH 8.5, 99% of the recovered aqueous PO43--P in the recovery solution precipitated, mainly as calcium phosphate that can have a good soil phosphorus availability. The results of this study have provided a foundation for further exploration of electrochemically leaching P from waste sludge with simultaneous nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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15
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Electrochemical removal and recovery of phosphorus from wastewater using cathodic membrane filtration reactor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Lin Z, He L, Zhou J, Shi S, He X, Fan X, Wang Y, He Q. Biologically induced phosphate precipitation in heterotrophic nitrification processes of different microbial aggregates: Influences of nitrogen removal metabolisms and extracellular polymeric substances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 356:127319. [PMID: 35595224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) removal occurred in heterotrophic nitrification process, but its mechanism has not been fully explored. In this study, the P removal performances, pathways, and mechanisms in heterotrophic nitrification processes of different microbial aggregates (activated sludge and biofilm) were investigated. The results showed that the biofilm reactor had more efficient total nitrogen removal (98.65%) and phosphate removal (94.17%). Heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification processes generated alkalinity for biologically induced phosphate precipitation (BIPP), which contributed to 64.12%-78.81% of the overall P removal. The solid phase P content reached 48.03 mg/gSS with hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate formation. The study clarified that biofilm was beneficial to BIPP because of the nitrogen removal metabolism and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Heterotrophic nitrogen removal metabolism was the driving force of BIPP, while EPS with abundant carboxyl and amide groups promoted the precipitation. The study would provide new insights into simultaneous nutrients removal and P recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Shuohui Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xuejie He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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17
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Integration of Micro-Nano-Engineered Hydroxyapatite/Biochars with Optimized Sorption for Heavy Metals and Pharmaceuticals. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121988. [PMID: 35745328 PMCID: PMC9227354 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the perspective of treating wastes with wastes, bamboo sawdust was integrated with a hydroxyapatite (HAP) precursor to create engineered nano-HAP/micro-biochar composites (HBCs) by optimizing the co-precipitated precursor contents and co-pyrolysis temperature (300, 450, 600 °C). The physicochemical properties of HBCs, including morphologies, porosities, component ratios, crystalline structures, surface elemental chemical states, surface functional groups, and zeta potentials as a function of carbonization temperatures and components of precursors, were studied. Biochar matrix as an efficient carrier with enhanced specific surface area to prevent HAP from aggregation was desired. The sorption behavior of heavy metal (Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II)) and pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine and tetracycline) on HBCs were analyzed given various geochemical conditions, including contact time, pH value, ionic strength, inferencing cations and anions, coexisting humic acid, and ambient temperature. HBCs could capture these pollutants efficiently from both simulated wastewaters and real waters. Combined with spectroscopic techniques, proper multiple dominant sorption mechanisms for each sorbate were elucidated separately. HBCs presented excellent reusability for the removal of these pollutants through six recycles, except for tetracycline. The results of this study provide meaningful insight into the proper integration of biochar-mineral composites for the management of aquatic heavy metals and pharmaceuticals.
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18
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Abstract
Nanosponges have shown promising capabilities for efficient removal of organic/inorganic pollutants from water based on absorption/adsorption and disinfection processes. The application of nanosponges (especially cyclodextrin-based nanosponges) can be considered a cost-effective strategy with minimal energy and time requirements in comparison to other routinely deployed water treatment modalities. These polymers with unique physicochemical properties, architectures, and highly cross-linked three-dimensional networks need to be further explored for removing pollutants with simultaneous eliminations of microbial contaminants from wastewater. Additionally, the surface functionalization of these nanosponges utilizing magnetic, titanium dioxide, and silver nanomaterials can significantly improve their properties for water remediation purposes, although nanosponges altered with carbon nanotubes and metallic nanomaterials/nanocatalysts for water treatment appliances are barely explored. Notably, crucial factors such as adsorbent type/dosage, contact time, competing ions, adsorption isotherm models, kinetics, thermodynamics, and reaction/experimental conditions (e.g., molar ratios, temperature, and pH) are important aspects affecting the adsorption and removal of pollutants using nanosponges. Furthermore, the nanotoxicity and biosafety of these nanosponge-based systems utilized for water treatment should be comprehensively evaluated. Herein, recent advancements in the design and deployment of nanosponge-based systems for removing organic/inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater are deliberated with an emphasis on challenges and perspectives.
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19
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Wang Y, Kuntke P, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN, Lei Y. Electrochemically mediated precipitation of phosphate minerals for phosphorus removal and recovery: Progress and perspective. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117891. [PMID: 34875541 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for the growth and reproduction of organisms. Unfortunately, the natural P cycle has been broken by the overexploitation of P ores and the associated discharge of P into water bodies, which may trigger the eutrophication of water bodies in the short term and possible P shortage soon. Consequently, technologies emerged to recover P from wastewater to mitigate pollution and exploit secondary P resources. Electrochemically induced phosphate precipitation has the merit of achieving P recovery without dosing additional chemicals via creating a localized high pH environment near the cathode. We critically reviewed the development of electrochemically induced precipitation systems toward P removal and recovery over the past ten years. We summarized and discussed the effects of pH, current density, electrode configuration, and water matrix on the performance of electrochemical systems. Next to ortho P, we identified the potential and illustrated the mechanism of electrochemical P removal and recovery from non-ortho P compounds by combined anodic or anode-mediated oxidation and cathodic reduction (precipitation). Furthermore, we assessed the economic feasibility of electrochemical methods and concluded that they are more suitable for treating acidic P-rich waste streams. Despite promising potentials and significant progress in recent years, the application of electrochemical systems toward P recovery at a larger scale requires further research and development. Future work should focus on evaluating the system's performance under long-term operation, developing an automatic process for harvesting P deposits, and performing a detailed economic and life-cycle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kuntke
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China; Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Takabe Y, Fujiyama M, Yamasaki Y, Masuda T. Influences of electrode distance and electrolysis time on phosphorus precipitation and composition during electrolysis of anaerobic digestion effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150114. [PMID: 34525711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for phosphorus (P) is increasing, which has led to concerns over future drought and has driven efforts to recover P from wastewater streams for reuse. In this study, platinum-coated titanium electrodes were applied to the electrochemical precipitation of P from anaerobic digestion effluent that was collected from a domestic wastewater treatment plant. The influence of the electrode distance on P removal and precipitation was investigated. In addition, the influence of the electrolysis time on the chemical structure and composition of the P precipitate was evaluated from the viewpoint of utilising the P precipitate as fertiliser. Regardless of the electrode distance (10, 5 and 1 mm), PO43-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were removed. The bulk solution pH increased during electrolysis because of the consumption of generated H+ as HCO3- transitioned to H2CO3 near the anode. A greater increase in the bulk solution pH was observed when the electrode distance was narrowed because of the enhanced H+ consumption. Narrowing the electrode distance reduced the energy consumption for P precipitation. The increase in the bulk solution pH with the narrowing electrode distance changed the dominant P precipitation pathway from onto the cathode to in the bulk solution. X-ray diffraction spectra of the precipitates showed that increasing the electrolysis time transformed amorphous P to hydroxyapatite and struvite. Most P existed in a citric acid-soluble form, which is recommended for use as a slow P release fertiliser. There were no significant changes in the citric acid-soluble P content of the precipitates with increasing electrolysis time. Therefore, increasing the electrolysis time has little influence on the suitability of the precipitate as a slow P release fertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Takabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan.
| | - Masaya Fujiyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Yamasaki
- Materials and Resources Research Group, Innovative Materials and Resources Research Center, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058516, Japan
| | - Takanori Masuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan
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21
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Zhang Y, Shan C, Qian J, Pan B. Scenario oriented strategies for phosphorus management by using environmental nanotechnology. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Miao L, Deng W, Chen X, Gao M, Chen W, Ao T. Selective adsorption of phosphate by carboxyl-modified activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:1757-1773. [PMID: 34662311 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) has been considered as a promising technology for removing phosphate from water but suffer inferior selectivity and electrosorption performances for phosphate of current carbon electrodes in CDI. Herein, we achieved highly selective phosphate removal from a ternary effluent of Cl-, PO43-, and SO42- by using nitric acid-treated activated carbon (AC) with various modification times and pure AC as the anode and cathode, a novel phosphate selective asymmetric CDI reactor. The results showed that carboxyl groups greatly grafted on the materials after modification (varying from 0.00084 to 0.0012 mol g-1). The phosphate selectivity of the present research was higher than that of unmodified CDI, and it increased with the increase of carboxyl groups content. The highest phosphate selectivity (2.01) in modified materials is almost six times higher than that of pure AC. Moreover, the modified electrodes exhibited good regenerative ability with a phosphate desorption efficiency of around 72.12% during the adsorption/desorption process and great stability during the cycling experiment. These results demonstrated that the innovative application of nitric acid-modified AC can effectively selectively remove phosphate from mixed anion solution, opening a hopeful window to selective adsorption in water treatment by CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Miao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail:
| | - Wenyang Deng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, No. 122, Section 1 Yellow River Middle Road, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail:
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail:
| | - Wenqing Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail:
| | - Tianqi Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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23
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Yan Z, Cui B, Zhao T, Luo Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Li N, Bu N, Yuan Y, Xia L. A Carbazole-Functionalized Porous Aromatic Framework for Enhancing Volatile Iodine Capture via Lewis Electron Pairing. Molecules 2021; 26:5263. [PMID: 34500694 PMCID: PMC8434361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich porous networks with additional polarity and basicity may serve as effective adsorbents for the Lewis electron pairing of iodine molecules. Herein a carbazole-functionalized porous aromatic framework (PAF) was synthesized through a Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene and 2,7-dibromocarbazole building monomers. The resulting solid with a high nitrogen content incorporated the Lewis electron pairing effect into a π-conjugated nano-cavity, leading to an ultrahigh binding capability for iodine molecules. The iodine uptake per specific surface area was ~8 mg m-2 which achieved the highest level among all reported I2 adsorbents, surpassing that of the pure biphenyl-based PAF sample by ca. 30 times. Our study illustrated a new possibility for introducing electron-rich building units into the design and synthesis of porous adsorbents for effective capture and removal of volatile iodine from nuclear waste and leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Yan
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Bo Cui
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (T.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yifu Luo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (T.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongcui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Jialin Xie
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Naishun Bu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (T.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
- Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
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24
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Lei Y, Zhan Z, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN. Electrochemical recovery of phosphorus from wastewater using tubular stainless-steel cathode for a scalable long-term operation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117199. [PMID: 34004442 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an irreplaceable element, playing a vital role in living organisms, yet has limited earth reserves. The possibility of P recovery from wastewaters by electrochemically-induced calcium phosphate precipitation (ECaPP) was demonstrated previously. The current study presents a novel scalable prototype consisting of a column-shaped electrochemical reactor, a tubular stainless-steel cathode, and a Pt coated Ti anode. The adhesion of solids to the cathode, important for product recovery, was shown not to be negatively impacted by electrodes' vertical placement. The influence of current (density), hydraulic retention time (HRT), and initial phosphate concentration in this prototype were examined under continuous flow operation. The system accomplished the highest P removal rate (1267 mg/day) at 1.5 d HRT and 800 mA in treating undiluted cheese wastewater with 48.5 kWh/kg P. Moreover, the prototype showed high stability and efficiency (> 50%) over 173 days of continuous operation without performing maintenance. After turning off the current (0 mA), the system realized a surprising P removal jump up to 97.3%, revealing the delayed diffusion of hydroxide ions by the deposition layer. The calculation of CAPEX and OPEX of ECaPP in treating 100 m3 cheese wastewater per week indicates that the ECaPP plant can realize net-positive from the 12th year. The recovered solids have relatively high P content (> 9wt%) and insignificant contamination of heavy metals. Overall, the proven suitability of the scalable prototype can pave the way towards the actual adoption of the ECaPP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China; Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhengshuo Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China; Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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