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Chen YK, Gahtani RM, Al Shahrani M, Hani U, Alshabrmi FM, Alam S, Almohaimeed HM, Basabrain AA, Shahab M, Xie MZ. Identification of potential inhibitors targeting Ebola virus VP35 protein: a computational strategy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38124513 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2294384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) poses a severe threat as a highly infectious pathogen, causing devastating hemorrhagic fever in both humans and animals. The EBOV virus VP35 protein plays a crucial role in viral replication and exhibits the ability to suppress the host interferon cascade, leading to immune system depletion. As a potential drug target, VP35 protein inhibition holds promise for combating EBOV. To discover new drug candidates, we employed a computer-aided drug design approach, focusing on compounds capable of inhibiting VP35 protein replication. In this connection, a pharmacophore model was generated using molecular interactions between the VP35 protein and its inhibitor. ZINC and Cambridge database were screened using validated pharmacophore model. Further the compounds were filtered based on Lipinski's rule of five and subjected to MD simulation and relative binding free energy calculation. Six compounds manifest a significant docking score and strong binding interaction towards VP35 protein. MD simulations further confirmed the remarkable stability of these six complexes. Relative binding free energy calculations also showed significant ΔG value in the range of -132.3 and -49.3 kcal/mol. This study paves the way for further optimization of these compounds as potential inhibitors of VP35, facilitating subsequent experimental in vitro studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesfer Al Shahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha,Saudia Arabia
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Tunneling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A Basabrain
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Zhou Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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2
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Collados Rodríguez M, Maillard P, Journeaux A, Komarova AV, Najburg V, David RYS, Helynck O, Guo M, Zhong J, Baize S, Tangy F, Jacob Y, Munier-Lehmann H, Meurs EF. Novel Antiviral Molecules against Ebola Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14791. [PMID: 37834238 PMCID: PMC10573436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Ebola virus (EBOV) is responsible for hemorrhagic fever in humans with a high mortality rate. Combined efforts of prevention and therapeutic intervention are required to tackle highly variable RNA viruses, whose infections often lead to outbreaks. Here, we have screened the 2P2I3D chemical library using a nanoluciferase-based protein complementation assay (NPCA) and isolated two compounds that disrupt the interaction of the EBOV protein fragment VP35IID with the N-terminus of the dsRNA-binding proteins PKR and PACT, involved in IFN response and/or intrinsic immunity, respectively. The two compounds inhibited EBOV infection in cell culture as well as infection by measles virus (MV) independently of IFN induction. Consequently, we propose that the compounds are antiviral by restoring intrinsic immunity driven by PACT. Given that PACT is highly conserved across mammals, our data support further testing of the compounds in other species, as well as against other negative-sense RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Collados Rodríguez
- School of Infection & Immunity (SII), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), Sir Michael Stoker Building, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Unité Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, CNRS, UMR 3569, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (P.M.); (E.F.M.)
| | - Patrick Maillard
- Unité Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, CNRS, UMR 3569, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (P.M.); (E.F.M.)
| | - Alexandra Journeaux
- Unit of Biology of Emerging Viral Infections, Institut Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France; (A.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Anastassia V. Komarova
- Interactomics, RNA and Immunity Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France;
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (V.N.); (R.-Y.S.D.); (F.T.)
- Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Valérie Najburg
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (V.N.); (R.-Y.S.D.); (F.T.)
- Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Raul-Yusef Sanchez David
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (V.N.); (R.-Y.S.D.); (F.T.)
- Blizard Institute—Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Olivier Helynck
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, CNRS, UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (O.H.); (H.M.-L.)
| | - Mingzhe Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200023, China; (M.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200023, China; (M.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sylvain Baize
- Unit of Biology of Emerging Viral Infections, Institut Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France; (A.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (V.N.); (R.-Y.S.D.); (F.T.)
- Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Yves Jacob
- Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France;
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, CNRS, UMR 3569, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, CNRS, UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (O.H.); (H.M.-L.)
| | - Eliane F. Meurs
- Unité Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, CNRS, UMR 3569, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (P.M.); (E.F.M.)
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3
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Alsaady IM, Bajrai LH, Alandijany TA, Gattan HS, El-Daly MM, Altwaim SA, Alqawas RT, Dwivedi VD, Azhar EI. Cheminformatics Strategies Unlock Marburg Virus VP35 Inhibitors from Natural Compound Library. Viruses 2023; 15:1739. [PMID: 37632081 PMCID: PMC10459822 DOI: 10.3390/v15081739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus and its close relative, the Marburg virus, both belong to the family Filoviridae and are highly hazardous and contagious viruses. With a mortality rate ranging from 23% to 90%, depending on the specific outbreak, the development of effective antiviral interventions is crucial for reducing fatalities and mitigating the impact of Marburg virus outbreaks. In this investigation, a virtual screening approach was employed to evaluate 2042 natural compounds for their potential interactions with the VP35 protein of the Marburg virus. Average and worst binding energies were calculated for all 20 poses, and compounds that exhibited binding energies <-6 kcal/mol in both criteria were selected for further analysis. Based on binding energies, only six compounds (Estradiol benzoate, INVEGA (paliperidone), Isosilybin, Protopanaxadiol, Permethrin, and Bufalin) were selected for subsequent investigations, focusing on interaction analysis. Among these selected compounds, Estradiol benzoate, INVEGA (paliperidone), and Isosilybin showed strong hydrogen bonds, while the others did not. In this study, the compounds Myricetin, Isosilybin, and Estradiol benzoate were subjected to a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and free binding energy calculation using MM/GBSA analysis. The reference component Myricetin served as a control. Estradiol benzoate exhibited the most stable and consistent root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values, whereas Isosilybin showed significant fluctuations in RMSD. The compound Estradiol benzoate exhibited the lowest ΔG binding free energy (-22.89 kcal/mol), surpassing the control compound's binding energy (-9.29 kcal/mol). Overall, this investigation suggested that Estradiol benzoate possesses favorable binding free energies, indicating a potential inhibitory mechanism against the VP35 protein of the Marburg virus. The study proposes that these natural compounds could serve as a therapeutic option for preventing Marburg virus infection. However, experimental validation is required to further corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra M. Alsaady
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (I.M.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (I.M.A.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (I.M.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S. Gattan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (I.M.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (I.M.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A. Altwaim
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (I.M.A.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf T. Alqawas
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Vivek Dhar Dwivedi
- Bioinformatics Research Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida 201310, India
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (I.M.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Cruz MA, Frederick TE, Mallimadugula UL, Singh S, Vithani N, Zimmerman MI, Porter JR, Moeder KE, Amarasinghe GK, Bowman GR. A cryptic pocket in Ebola VP35 allosterically controls RNA binding. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2269. [PMID: 35477718 PMCID: PMC9046395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions are often considered difficult drug targets because the surfaces involved lack obvious druggable pockets. Cryptic pockets could present opportunities for targeting these interactions, but identifying and exploiting these pockets remains challenging. Here, we apply a general pipeline for identifying cryptic pockets to the interferon inhibitory domain (IID) of Ebola virus viral protein 35 (VP35). VP35 plays multiple essential roles in Ebola's replication cycle but lacks pockets that present obvious utility for drug design. Using adaptive sampling simulations and machine learning algorithms, we predict VP35 harbors a cryptic pocket that is allosterically coupled to a key dsRNA-binding interface. Thiol labeling experiments corroborate the predicted pocket and mutating the predicted allosteric network supports our model of allostery. Finally, covalent modifications that mimic drug binding allosterically disrupt dsRNA binding that is essential for immune evasion. Based on these results, we expect this pipeline will be applicable to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas E Frederick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Upasana L Mallimadugula
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sukrit Singh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Neha Vithani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maxwell I Zimmerman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Justin R Porter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Katelyn E Moeder
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gregory R Bowman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Center for the Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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5
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Wu C, Qavi AJ, Moyle AB, Wagner ND, Hachim A, Kavian N, Cole AR, Sweeney-Gibbons J, Rohrs HW, Peiris JM, Basler CF, Gross ML, Valkenburg SA, Farnsworth CW, Amarasinghe GK, Leung DW. Domain-specific biochemical and serological characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100906. [PMID: 34642671 PMCID: PMC8495048 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocapsid proteins are essential for SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Here, we describe protocols to gather domain-specific insights about essential properties of nucleocapsids. These assays include dynamic light scattering to characterize oligomerization, fluorescence polarization to quantify RNA binding, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to map RNA binding regions, negative-stain electron microscopy to visualize oligomeric species, interferon reporter assay to evaluate interferon signaling modulation, and a serology assay to reveal insights for improved sensitivity and specificity. These assays are broadly applicable to RNA-encapsidated nucleocapsids. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abraham J. Qavi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin B. Moyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Asmaa Hachim
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Niloufar Kavian
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, Service d’Immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aidan R. Cole
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joyce Sweeney-Gibbons
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Henry W. Rohrs
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J.S. Malik Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher W. Farnsworth
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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6
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Vasudevan K, Thirumal Kumar D, Udhaya Kumar S, Saleem A, Nagasundaram N, Siva R, Tayubi IA, George Priya Doss C, Zayed H. A computational overview on phylogenetic characterization, pathogenic mutations, and drug targets for Ebola virus disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:28-35. [PMID: 34563987 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared Ebola virus disease (EVD) as the major outbreak in the 20th century. EVD was first identified in 1976 in South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. EVD was transmitted from infected fruit bats to humans via contact with infected animal body fluids. The Ebola virus (EBOV) has a genome size of ∼18,959 bp. It encodes seven distinct proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein (GP), viral proteins VP24, VP30, VP35, matrix protein VP40, and polymerase L is considered a prime target for potential antiviral strategies. The current US FDA-approved anti-EVD vaccine, ERVERBO, and the other equally effective anti-EBOV combinations of three fully human monoclonal antibodies such as REGN-EB3, primarily target the envelope glycoprotein. This work elaborates on the EBOV's phylogenetic structure and the crucial mutations associated with viral pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Vasudevan
- School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - D Thirumal Kumar
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aisha Saleem
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Nagasundaram
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Siva
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Iftikhar Aslam Tayubi
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Batra J, Mori H, Small GI, Anantpadma M, Shtanko O, Mishra N, Zhang M, Liu D, Williams CG, Biedenkopf N, Becker S, Gross ML, Leung DW, Davey RA, Amarasinghe GK, Krogan NJ, Basler CF. Non-canonical proline-tyrosine interactions with multiple host proteins regulate Ebola virus infection. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105658. [PMID: 34260076 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus VP30 protein interacts with the viral nucleoprotein and with host protein RBBP6 via PPxPxY motifs that adopt non-canonical orientations, as compared to other proline-rich motifs. An affinity tag-purification mass spectrometry approach identified additional PPxPxY-containing host proteins hnRNP L, hnRNPUL1, and PEG10, as VP30 interactors. hnRNP L and PEG10, like RBBP6, inhibit viral RNA synthesis and EBOV infection, whereas hnRNPUL1 enhances. RBBP6 and hnRNP L modulate VP30 phosphorylation, increase viral transcription, and exert additive effects on viral RNA synthesis. PEG10 has more modest inhibitory effects on EBOV replication. hnRNPUL1 positively affects viral RNA synthesis but in a VP30-independent manner. Binding studies demonstrate variable capacity of the PPxPxY motifs from these proteins to bind VP30, define PxPPPPxY as an optimal binding motif, and identify the fifth proline and the tyrosine as most critical for interaction. Competition binding and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry studies demonstrate that each protein binds a similar interface on VP30. VP30 therefore presents a novel proline recognition domain that is targeted by multiple host proteins to modulate viral transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Batra
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Microbiology, NEIDL, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel I Small
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Microbiology, NEIDL, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olena Shtanko
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mengru Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caroline G Williams
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology, NEIDL, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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8
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Hendrickson OD, Taranova NA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB, Eremin SA. Fluorescence Polarization-Based Bioassays: New Horizons. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E7132. [PMID: 33322750 PMCID: PMC7764623 DOI: 10.3390/s20247132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization holds considerable promise for bioanalytical systems because it allows the detection of selective interactions in real time and a choice of fluorophores, the detection of which the biosample matrix does not influence; thus, their choice simplifies and accelerates the preparation of samples. For decades, these possibilities were successfully applied in fluorescence polarization immunoassays based on differences in the polarization of fluorophore emissions excited by plane-polarized light, whether in a free state or as part of an immune complex. However, the results of recent studies demonstrate the efficacy of fluorescence polarization as a detected signal in many bioanalytical methods. This review summarizes and comparatively characterizes these developments. It considers the integration of fluorescence polarization with the use of alternative receptor molecules and various fluorophores; different schemes for the formation of detectable complexes and the amplification of the signals generated by them. New techniques for the detection of metal ions, nucleic acids, and enzymatic reactions based on fluorescence polarization are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D. Hendrickson
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.D.H.); (N.A.T.); (B.B.D.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Taranova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.D.H.); (N.A.T.); (B.B.D.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.D.H.); (N.A.T.); (B.B.D.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.D.H.); (N.A.T.); (B.B.D.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.D.H.); (N.A.T.); (B.B.D.); (S.A.E.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Chemical Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Qiu M, Li Z, Chen Y, Guo J, Xu W, Qi T, Qiu Y, Pang J, Li L, Liu S, Tan S. Tolcapone Potently Inhibits Seminal Amyloid Fibrils Formation and Blocks Entry of Ebola Pseudoviruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:504. [PMID: 32425892 PMCID: PMC7203225 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), the causative pathogen of the deadly EBOV disease (EVD), can be transmitted via sexual transmission. Seminal amyloid fibrils have been found enhancers of EBOV infection. Currently, limited preventive vaccine or therapeutic is available to block EBOV infection through sexual intercourse. In this study, we repurpose tolcapone, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agent for Parkinson’s disease, as a potent inhibitor of seminal amyloid fibrils, among which semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) is the best-characterized. Tolcapone binds to the amyloidogenic region of the SEVI precursor peptide (PAP248–286) and inhibits PAP248–286 aggregation by disrupting PAP248–286 oligomerization. In addition, tolcapone interacts with preformed SEVI fibrils and influences the activity of SEVI in promoting infection of pseudovirus (PsV) carrying the envelope glycoprotein (GP) of the EBOV Zaire or Sudan species (Zaire PsV and Sudan PsV, respectively). Tolcapone significantly antagonizes SEVI-mediated enhancement of both Zaire PsV and Sudan PsV binding to and subsequent internalization in HeLa cells. Of note, tolcapone is also effective in inhibiting the entry of both Zaire PsV and Sudan PsV. Tolcapone inhibits viral entry possibly through binding with critical residues in EBOV GP. Moreover, the combination of tolcapone with two small-molecule entry inhibitors, including bepridil and sertraline, exhibited synergistic anti-EBOV effects in semen. Collectively, as a bifunctional agent targeting the viral infection-enhancing amyloid and the virus itself during sexual intercourse, tolcapone can act as either a prophylactic topical agent to prevent the sexual transmission of EBOV or a therapeutic to treat EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuliu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qi
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiyi Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Inhibitory Effects of Antiviral Drug Candidates on Canine Parvovirus in F81 cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080742. [PMID: 31412574 PMCID: PMC6724046 DOI: 10.3390/v11080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a common etiological agent of acute enteritis, which occurs globally in domestic and wild carnivores. Despite the widespread use of inactivated or live attenuated vaccines, the emergence of antigenic variants and the influence of maternal antibodies have raised some concerns regarding the efficacy of commercial vaccines. While no specific antiviral therapy for CPV infection exists, the only treatment option for the infection is supportive therapy based on symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent medical need to develop antiviral therapeutic options to reduce the burden of CPV-related disease. In this study, a cytopathic effect (CPE)-based high-throughput screening assay was used to screen CPV inhibitors from a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library. After two rounds of screening, seven out of 1430 screened drugs were found to have >50% CPE inhibition. Three drugs—Nitazoxanide, Closantel Sodium, and Closantel—with higher anti-CPV effects were further evaluated in F81 cells by absolute PCR quantification and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The inhibitory effects of all three drugs were dose-dependent. Time of addition assay indicated that the drugs inhibited the early processes of the CPV replication cycle, and the inhibition effects were relatively high within 2 h postinfection. Western blot assay also showed that the three drugs had broad-spectrum antiviral activity against different subspecies of three CPV variants. In addition, antiapoptotic effects were observed within 12 h in Nitazoxanide-treated F81 cells regardless of CPV infection, while Closantel Sodium- or Closantel-treated cells had no pro- or antiapoptotic effects. In conclusion, Nitazoxanide, Closantel Sodium, and Closantel can effectively inhibit different subspecies of CPV. Since the safety profiles of FDA-approved drugs have already been extensively studied, these three drugs can potentially become specific and effective anti-CPV drugs.
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11
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Amatya P, Wagner N, Chen G, Luthra P, Shi L, Borek D, Pavlenco A, Rohrs H, Basler CF, Sidhu SS, Gross ML, Leung DW. Inhibition of Marburg Virus RNA Synthesis by a Synthetic Anti-VP35 Antibody. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1385-1396. [PMID: 31120240 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Marburg virus causes sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates. Approved, effective, and safe therapeutic or prophylactic countermeasures are lacking. To address this, we used phage display to engineer a synthetic antibody, sFab H3, which binds the Marburg virus VP35 protein (mVP35). mVP35 is a critical cofactor of the viral replication complex and a viral immune antagonist. sFab H3 displayed high specificity for mVP35 and not for the closely related Ebola virus VP35. sFab H3 inhibited viral-RNA synthesis in a minigenome assay, suggesting its potential use as an antiviral. We characterized sFab H3 by a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods, and a crystal structure of the complex solved to 1.7 Å resolution defined the molecular interface between the sFab H3 and mVP35 interferon inhibitory domain. Our study identifies mVP35 as a therapeutic target using an approach that provides a framework for generating engineered Fabs targeting other viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmeshwar Amatya
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Gang Chen
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 816-160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Priya Luthra
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Liuqing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Dominika Borek
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Alevtina Pavlenco
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 816-160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Henry Rohrs
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 816-160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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12
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The Natural Product Eugenol Is an Inhibitor of the Ebola Virus In Vitro. Pharm Res 2019; 36:104. [PMID: 31101988 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the 2014 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa there has been considerable effort towards developing drugs to treat Ebola virus disease and yet to date there is no FDA approved treatment. This is important as at the time of writing this manuscript there is an ongoing outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo which has killed over 1000. METHODS We have evaluated a small number of natural products, some of which had shown antiviral activity against other pathogens. This is exemplified with eugenol, which is found in high concentrations in multiple essential oils, and has shown antiviral activity against feline calicivirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Influenza A virus, Herpes Simplex virus type 1 and 2, and four airborne phages. RESULTS Four compounds possessed EC50 values less than or equal to 11 μM. Of these, eugenol, had an EC50 of 1.3 μM against EBOV and is present in several plants including clove, cinnamon, basil and bay. Eugenol is much smaller and structurally unlike any compound that has been previously identified as an inhibitor of EBOV, therefore it may provide new mechanistic insights. CONCLUSION This compound is readily accessible in bulk quantities, is inexpensive, and has a long history of human consumption, which endorses the idea for further assessment as an antiviral therapeutic. This work also suggests that a more exhaustive assessment of natural product libraries against EBOV and other viruses is warranted to improve our ability to identify compounds that are so distinct from FDA approved drugs.
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Edwards MR, Basler CF. Current status of small molecule drug development for Ebola virus and other filoviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 35:42-56. [PMID: 31003196 PMCID: PMC6556423 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The filovirus family includes some of the deadliest viruses known, including Ebola virus and Marburg virus. These viruses cause periodic outbreaks of severe disease that can be spread from person to person, making the filoviruses important public health threats. There remains a need for approved drugs that target all or most members of this virus family. Small molecule inhibitors that target conserved functions hold promise as pan-filovirus therapeutics. To date, compounds that effectively target virus entry, genome replication, gene expression, and virus egress have been described. The most advanced inhibitors are nucleoside analogs that target viral RNA synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, United States
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, United States.
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14
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Schneider-Futschik EK, Hoyer D, Khromykh AA, Baell JB, Marsh GA, Baker MA, Li J, Velkov T. Contemporary Anti-Ebola Drug Discovery Approaches and Platforms. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:35-48. [PMID: 30516045 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola virus has a grave potential to destabilize civil society as we know it. The past few deadly Ebola outbreaks were unprecedented in size: The 2014-15 Ebola West Africa outbreak saw the virus spread from the epicenter through to Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Congo, and Liberia. The 2014-15 Ebola West Africa outbreak was associated with almost 30,000 suspected or confirmed cases and over 11,000 documented deaths. The more recent 2018 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo has so far resulted in 216 suspected or confirmed cases and 139 deaths. There is a general acceptance within the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ebola outbreak response community that future outbreaks will become increasingly more frequent and more likely to involve intercontinental transmission. The magnitude of the recent outbreaks demonstrated in dramatic fashion the shortcomings of our mass casualty disease response capabilities and lack of therapeutic modalities for supporting Ebola outbreak prevention and control. Currently, there are no approved drugs although vaccines for human Ebola virus infection are in the trial phases and some potential treatments have been field tested most recently in the Congo Ebola outbreak. Treatment is limited to pain management and supportive care to counter dehydration and lack of oxygen. This underscores the critical need for effective antiviral drugs that specifically target this deadly disease. This review examines the current approaches for the discovery of anti-Ebola small molecule or biological therapeutics, their viral targets, mode of action, and contemporary platforms, which collectively form the backbone of the anti-Ebola drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K. Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Glenn A. Marsh
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Mark A. Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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15
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Basler CF, Krogan NJ, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK. Virus and host interactions critical for filoviral RNA synthesis as therapeutic targets. Antiviral Res 2018; 162:90-100. [PMID: 30550800 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Filoviruses, which include Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus, are negative-sense RNA viruses associated with sporadic outbreaks of severe viral hemorrhagic fever characterized by uncontrolled virus replication. The extreme virulence and emerging nature of these zoonotic pathogens make them a significant threat to human health. Replication of the filovirus genome and production of viral RNAs require the function of a complex of four viral proteins, the nucleoprotein (NP), viral protein 35 (VP35), viral protein 30 (VP30) and large protein (L). The latter performs the enzymatic activities required for production of viral RNAs and capping of viral mRNAs. Although it has been recognized that interactions between the virus-encoded components of the EBOV RNA polymerase complex are required for viral RNA synthesis reactions, specific molecular details have, until recently, been lacking. New efforts have combined structural biology and molecular virology to reveal in great detail the molecular basis for critical protein-protein interactions (PPIs) necessary for viral RNA synthesis. These efforts include recent studies that have identified a range of interacting host factors and in some instances demonstrated unique mechanisms by which they act. For a select number of these interactions, combined use of mutagenesis, over-expressing of peptides corresponding to PPI interfaces and identification of small molecules that disrupt PPIs have demonstrated the functional significance of virus-virus and virus-host PPIs and suggest several as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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16
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Daino GL, Frau A, Sanna C, Rigano D, Distinto S, Madau V, Esposito F, Fanunza E, Bianco G, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Zinzula L, Maccioni E, Corona A, Tramontano E. Identification of Myricetin as an Ebola Virus VP35-Double-Stranded RNA Interaction Inhibitor through a Novel Fluorescence-Based Assay. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6367-6378. [PMID: 30298725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a filovirus that causes a severe and rapidly progressing hemorrhagic syndrome; a recent epidemic illustrated the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents because no drugs have been approved for treatment of Ebola virus. A key contribution to the high lethality observed during EBOV outbreaks comes from viral evasion of the host antiviral innate immune response in which viral protein VP35 plays a crucial role, blocking interferon type I production, first by masking the viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and preventing its detection by the pattern recognition receptor RIG-I. Aiming to identify inhibitors of the interaction of VP35 with the viral dsRNA, counteracting the VP35 viral innate immune evasion, we established a new methodology for high-yield recombinant VP35 (rVP35) expression and purification and a novel and robust fluorescence-based rVP35-RNA interaction assay ( Z' factor of 0.69). Taking advantage of such newly established methods, we screened a small library of Sardinian natural extracts, identifying Limonium morisianum as the most potent inhibitor extract. A bioguided fractionation led to the identification of myricetin as the component that can inhibit rVP35-dsRNA interaction with an IC50 value of 2.7 μM. Molecular docking studies showed that myricetin interacts with the highly conserved region of the VP35 RNA binding domain, laying the basis for further structural optimization of potent inhibitors of VP35-dsRNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Daino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Aldo Frau
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Simona Distinto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Veronica Madau
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Elisa Fanunza
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Giulia Bianco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Luca Zinzula
- The Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Department of Molecular Structural Biology , Martinsried 82152 , Germany
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09042 , Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Monserrato 09042 , Italy
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Abstract
In 2014, the world witnessed the largest Ebolavirus outbreak in recorded history. The subsequent humanitarian effort spurred extensive research, significantly enhancing our understanding of ebolavirus replication and pathogenicity. The main functions of each ebolavirus protein have been studied extensively since the discovery of the virus in 1976; however, the recent expansion of ebolavirus research has led to the discovery of new protein functions. These newly discovered roles are revealing new mechanisms of virus replication and pathogenicity, whilst enhancing our understanding of the broad functions of each ebolavirus viral protein (VP). Many of these new functions appear to be unrelated to the protein's primary function during virus replication. Such new functions range from bystander T-lymphocyte death caused by VP40-secreted exosomes to new roles for VP24 in viral particle formation. This review highlights the newly discovered roles of ebolavirus proteins in order to provide a more encompassing view of ebolavirus replication and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cantoni
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Rossman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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18
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Structural Insight into Nucleoprotein Conformation Change Chaperoned by VP35 Peptide in Marburg Virus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00825-17. [PMID: 28566377 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00825-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) encodes a nucleoprotein (NP) to encapsidate its genome by oligomerization and form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). According to previous investigation on nonsegmented negative-sense RNA viruses (nsNSV), the newly synthesized NPs must be prevented from indiscriminately binding to noncognate RNAs. During the viral RNA synthesis process, the RNPs undergo a transition from an RNA-bound form to a template-free form, to open access for the interaction between the viral polymerase and the RNA template. In filoviruses, this transition is regulated by VP35 peptide and other viral components. To further understand the dynamic process of filovirus RNP formation, we report here the structure of MARV NPcore, both in the apo form and in the VP35 peptide-chaperoned form. These structures reveal a typical bilobed structure, with a positive-charged RNA binding groove between two lobes. In the apo form, the MARV NP exists in an interesting hexameric state formed by the hydrophobic interaction within the long helix of the NPcore C-terminal region, which shows high structural flexibility among filoviruses and may imply critical function during RNP formation. Moreover, the VP35 peptide-chaperoned NPcore remains in a monomeric state and completely loses its affinity for single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). The structural comparison reveals that the RNA binding groove undergoes a transition from closed state to open state, chaperoned by VP35 peptide, thus preventing the interaction for viral RNA. Our investigation provides considerable structural insight into the filovirus RNP working mechanism and may support the development of antiviral therapies targeting the RNP formation of filovirus.IMPORTANCE Marburg virus is one of the most dangerous viruses, with high morbidity and mortality. A recent outbreak in Angola in 2005 caused the deaths of 272 persons. NP is one of the most essential proteins, as it encapsidates and protects the whole virus genome simultaneously with self-assembly oligomerization. Here we report the structures of MARV NPcore in two different forms. In the MARV NP apo form, we identify an interesting hexamer formed by hydrophobic interaction within a long helix, which is highly conserved and flexible among filoviruses and may indicate its critical function during the virus RNP formation. Moreover, the structural comparison with the NP-VP35 peptide complex reveals a structural transition chaperoned by VP35, in which the RNA binding groove undergoes a transition from closed state to open state. Finally, we discussed the high conservation and critical role of the VP35 binding pocket and its potential use for therapeutic development.
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