1
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Doyle E, Mirmira P, Ma P, Vu MC, Hixson-Wells T, Kumar R, Amanchukwu CV. Phase Morphology Dependence of Ionic Conductivity and Oxidative Stability in Fluorinated Ether Solid-State Electrolytes. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:5063-5076. [PMID: 38828186 PMCID: PMC11137829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes can enable the safe operation of high energy density lithium metal batteries; unfortunately, they have low ionic conductivity and poor redox stability at electrode interfaces. Fluorinated ether polymer electrolytes are a promising approach because the ether units can solvate and conduct ions, while the fluorinated moieties can increase oxidative stability. However, current perfluoropolyether (PFPE) electrolytes exhibit deficient lithium-ion coordination and ion transport. Here, we incorporate cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units within the PFPE matrix and increase the polymer blend electrolyte conductivity by 6 orders of magnitude as compared to pure PFPE at 60 °C from 1.55 × 10-11 to 2.26 × 10-5 S/cm. Blending varying ratios of PEG and PFPE induces microscale phase separation, and we show the impact of morphology on ion solvation and dynamics in the electrolyte. Spectroscopy and simulations show weak ion-PFPE interactions, which promote salt phase segregation into-and ion transport within-the PEG domain. These polymer electrolytes show promise for use in high-voltage lithium metal batteries with improved Li|Li cycling due to enhanced mechanical properties and high-voltage stability beyond 6 V versus Li/Li+. Our work provides insights into transport and stability in fluorinated polymer electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily
S. Doyle
- Pritzker School of Molecular
Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Priyadarshini Mirmira
- Pritzker School of Molecular
Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peiyuan Ma
- Pritzker School of Molecular
Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Minh Canh Vu
- Pritzker School of Molecular
Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Trinity Hixson-Wells
- Pritzker School of Molecular
Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Pritzker School of Molecular
Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chibueze V. Amanchukwu
- Pritzker School of Molecular
Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Hu J, Wang W, Zhou B, Sun J, Chin WS, Lu L. Click Chemistry in Lithium-Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306622. [PMID: 37806765 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are considered the "holy grail" of the next-generation energy storage systems, and solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are a kind of critical component assembled in LMBs. However, as one of the most important branches of SSEs, polymer-based electrolytes (PEs) possess several native drawbacks including insufficient ionic conductivity and so on. Click chemistry is a simple, efficient, regioselective, and stereoselective synthesis method, which can be used not only for preparing PEs with outstanding physical and chemical performances, but also for optimizing the stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and elevate the cycling properties of LMBs effectively. Here it is primarily focused on evaluating the merits of click chemistry, summarizing its existing challenges and outlining its increasing role for the designing and fabrication of advanced PEs. The fundamental requirements for reconstructing artificial SEI layer through click chemistry are also summarized, with the aim to offer a thorough comprehension and provide a strategic guidance for exploring the potentials of click chemistry in the field of LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Materials for Solar Energy Conversion and Lithium Sodium based Battery, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Wanhui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Binghua Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, 401123, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, 401123, China
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3
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Nikolakakou G, Pantazidis C, Papadakis VM, Kenanakis G, Loppinet B, Sakellariou G, Glynos E. Nanostructured Single-ion Polymer Blend Electrolytes Composed of Polyanionic Particles and Low Molecular Weight PEO. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1665-1671. [PMID: 37992200 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of single-ion solid polymer electrolytes with high ion conductivity holds the key to the realization of safe, long-lasting, high-energy batteries. Here we introduce the use of core-shell nanostructured polyanionic particles, composed of polyanion asymmetric miktoarm stars with a large number of glassy polystyrene-based polyanion arms that complement longer poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, arms, as additives to low molecular weight, liquid PEO. Due to the proposed macromolecular design approach, the polyanion particles are well dispersed for wt % ≤ 55 that enables the formation of a nanostructured single-ion electrolyte with highly interconnected channels composed of liquid PEO that promotes fast ion transport. Noticeably, while the ion conductivity remains fairly unaffected and close to 10-5 S/cm at room temperature with nanoparticle loading, the shear modulus monotonically increases by several order of magnitudes indicating a very strong decoupling between the antagonistic properties of mechanical modulus and ion conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikolakakou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 710 03 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Pantazidis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografrou, 15 771 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis M Papadakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Benoit Loppinet
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografrou, 15 771 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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4
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Hashimoto K, Shiwaku T, Aoki H, Yokoyama H, Mayumi K, Ito K. Strain-induced crystallization and phase separation used for fabricating a tough and stiff slide-ring solid polymer electrolyte. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi8505. [PMID: 38000032 PMCID: PMC10672157 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The demand for mechanically robust polymer-based electrolytes is increasing for applications to wearable devices. Young's modulus and breaking energy are essential parameters for describing the mechanical reliability of electrolytes. The former plays a vital role in suppressing the short circuit during charge-discharge, while the latter indicates crack propagation resistance. However, polymer electrolytes with high Young's moduli are generally brittle. In this study, a tough slide-ring solid polymer electrolyte (SR-SPE) breaking through this trade-off between stiffness and toughness is designed on the basis of strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and phase separation. SIC makes the material highly tough (breaking energy, 80 to 100 megajoules per cubic meter). Phase separation in the polymer enhanced stiffness (Young's modulus, 10 to 70 megapascals). The combined effect of phase separation and SIC made SR-SPE tough and stiff, while these mechanisms do not impair ionic conductivity. This SIC strategy could be combined with other toughening mechanisms to design tough polymer gel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toru Shiwaku
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Koichi Mayumi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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5
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Zhang Z, Marioni N, Sachar HS, Ganesan V. Polymer Architecture-Induced Trade-off between Conductivities and Transference Numbers in Salt-Doped Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1351-1357. [PMID: 37728528 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that polymeric ionic liquids that share the same cation and anion but possess different architectures can exhibit markedly different conductivity and transference number characteristics when doped with lithium salt. In this study, we used atomistic molecular simulations on polymer chemistries inspired by the experiments to probe the mechanistic origins underlying the competition between conductivity and transference numbers. Our results indicate that the architecture of the polycationic ionic liquid plays a subtle but crucial role in modulating the anion-cation interactions, especially their dynamical coordination characteristics. Chemistries leading to longer-lived anion-cation coordinations relative to lithium-anion coordinations lead to lower conductivities and higher transference numbers. Our results suggest that higher conductivities are accompanied by lower transference numbers and vice versa, revealing that alternative approaches may need to be considered to break this trade-off in salt-doped polyILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nico Marioni
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Harnoor S Sachar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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Deng C, Bennington P, Sánchez-Leija RJ, Patel SN, Nealey PF, de Pablo JJ. Entropic Penalty Switches Li + Solvation Site Formation and Transport Mechanisms in Mixed Polarity Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2023; 56:8069-8079. [PMID: 37841534 PMCID: PMC10569096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) designs for efficient Li-ion (Li+) conduction have relied on polarity and mobility contrast to improve conductivity. To further develop this concept, we employ simulations to examine Li+ solvation and transport in poly(oligo ethylene methacrylate) (POEM) and its copolymers with poly(glycerol carbonate methacrylate) (PGCMA). We find that Li+ is solvated by ether oxygens instead of the highly polar PGCMA, due to lower entropic penalties. The presence of PGCMA promotes single-chain solvation, thereby suppressing interchain Li+ hopping. The conductivity difference between random copolymer PGCMA-r-POEM and block copolymer PGCMA-b-POEM is explained in terms of a hybrid solvation site mechanism. With diffuse microscopic interfaces between domains, PGCMA near the POEM contributes to Li+ transport by forming hybrid solvation sites. The formation of such sites is hindered when PGCMA is locally concentrated. These findings help explain how thermodynamic driving forces govern Li+ solvation and transport in mixed SPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Deng
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter Bennington
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Regina J. Sánchez-Leija
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shrayesh N. Patel
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South
Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South
Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South
Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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7
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Chen Z, Wang T, Hou Y, Wang Y, Huang Z, Cui H, Fan J, Pei Z, Zhi C. Polymeric Single-Ion Conductors with Enhanced Side-Chain Motion for High-Performance Solid Zinc-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207682. [PMID: 36208070 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zn-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have enormous potential in realizing high-performance zinc-ion batteries. Polymeric single-ion conductor (PSIC)-based SPEs can largely eradicate anion migration and side reactions of electrodes with decreased polarization, but the ionic conductivity is still unsatisfactory due to the tight localized ion interactions and sluggish chain motion. Herein, by employing the heterocyclic tetrazole as the anionic center of the side chain, a novel PSIC is fabricated with optimized charge delocalization and enhanced side-chain motion. The as-prepared PSIC delivers an ionic conductivity up to 5.4 × 10-4 S cm-1 with an ultrahigh Zn2+ transference number of 0.94. Based on the PSIC, dendrite-free and hydrogen-free Zn plating/stripping cycling (2000 h) is achieved. A further assembled Zn‖V2 O5 battery exhibits superior performances to other solid ZIBs, including a high discharge capacity, excellent rate capability, and long cycling life. In addition, a remarkable shelf-life (90 d), low self-discharge rate, and good temperature adaptability of the solid battery can be achieved benefiting from the high stability of the SPE during operation. The PSIC-based SPEs with advanced ion-transport structure endow solid ZIBs with significant performance improvement, high safety, and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tairan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhaodong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huilin Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zengxia Pei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), NT, HKSAR, Shatin, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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8
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Gregory GL, Gao H, Liu B, Gao X, Rees GJ, Pasta M, Bruce PG, Williams CK. Buffering Volume Change in Solid-State Battery Composite Cathodes with CO 2-Derived Block Polycarbonate Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17477-17486. [PMID: 36122375 PMCID: PMC9523710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymers designed with a specific combination of electrochemical, mechanical, and chemical properties could help overcome challenges limiting practical all-solid-state batteries for high-performance next-generation energy storage devices. In composite cathodes, comprising active cathode material, inorganic solid electrolyte, and carbon, battery longevity is limited by active particle volume changes occurring on charge/discharge. To overcome this, impractical high pressures are applied to maintain interfacial contact. Herein, block polymers designed to address these issues combine ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and suitable elastomeric mechanical properties, including adhesion. The block polymers have "hard-soft-hard", ABA, block structures, where the soft "B" block is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), known to promote ionic conductivity, and the hard "A" block is a CO2-derived polycarbonate, poly(4-vinyl cyclohexene oxide carbonate), which provides mechanical rigidity and enhances oxidative stability. ABA block polymers featuring controllable PEO and polycarbonate lengths are straightforwardly prepared using hydroxyl telechelic PEO as a macroinitiator for CO2/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization and a well-controlled Mg(II)Co(II) catalyst. The influence of block polymer composition upon electrochemical and mechanical properties is investigated, with phosphonic acid functionalities being installed in the polycarbonate domains for adhesive properties. Three lead polymer materials are identified; these materials show an ambient ionic conductivity of 10 -4 S cm-1, lithium-ion transport (tLi+ 0.3-0.62), oxidative stability (>4 V vs Li+/Li), and elastomeric or plastomer properties (G' 0.1-67 MPa). The best block polymers are used in composite cathodes with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 active material and Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte-the resulting solid-state batteries demonstrate greater capacity retention than equivalent cells featuring no polymer or commercial polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Gregory
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Xiangwen Gao
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Gregory J Rees
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Mauro Pasta
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Peter G Bruce
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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9
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Nikolakakou G, Pantazidis C, Sakellariou G, Glynos E. Ion Conductivity–Shear Modulus Relationship of Single-Ion Solid Polymer Electrolytes Composed of Polyanionic Miktoarm Star Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikolakakou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 710 03 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Pantazidis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografrou, 15 771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografrou, 15 771 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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10
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