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Chen S, Sun H, Liu J, Wang J, Lu H, Hao J, Xu L, Liu W. A dual-responsive microemulsion with macroscale superlubricity and largely switchable friction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1668-1678. [PMID: 38476075 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01978k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Although stimuli-responsive microemulsions (MEMs) consisting of water, oil and surfactants have found extensive potential applications in industrial fields, a responsive MEM exhibiting either macroscale superlubricity or two friction states where its coefficient of friction (CoF) can be switched by more than one order of magnitude has not yet been reported. Moreover, although traditional liquid superlubricants can provide ultralow friction and wear, effective control over the friction between two contacting surfaces is crucial for both achieving accurate control of the operation of an instrument and fabricating smart devices. Here we create a thermo- and magneto-responsive MEM capable of providing superlubrication for metallic materials in a broad temperature range from -30 to 20 °C using n-hexane, water, surfactant DDACe ((C12H25)2N+(CH3)2[CeCl4]-) and ethylene glycol. The MEM can abruptly and dramatically switch its CoF by approximately 25 fold based on a thermally reversible MEM-emulsion (EM) transition. Its anti-freezing performance allows it to provide effective lubrication even when the surrounding temperature attains as low as -60 °C. Together with its facile preparation, ultrahigh colloidal stability and magnetically controlled migration, such a novel smart MEM is envisioned to find widespread applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Wu W, Liu J, Lin X, He Z, Zhang H, Ji L, Gong P, Zhou F, Liu W. Dual-functional MOFs-based hybrid microgel advances aqueous lubrication and anti-inflammation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 644:200-210. [PMID: 37116318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the hybridization of copolymer microgel with drug-loaded metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles that can achieve excellent aqueous lubricating performance and anti-inflammatory effect for synergistic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEG-g-PNIPAm) microgel layer is grown on the MIL-101(Cr) surface via one-pot soap-free emulsion polymerization method. The lower critical solution temperature of the MIL-101(Cr)@PEG-g-PNIPAm hybrid is raised significantly by incorporating PEG chains into the PNIPAm microgel matrix, which greatly enhances the high-temperature aqueous dispersion stability. The hybrid microgel demonstrated reversibly thermo-sensitive swelling-collapsing behavior to modulate the optical properties and hydrodynamic size. Using as aqueous lubricating additives, the hybrid reduces over 64% and 97% in friction coefficient and wear volume. Also, the hybrid supports desirable temperature-controlled lubrication modulation due to their reversible thermo-responsive behavior, which is benefit to joint lubrication of OA. After encapsulating anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (DS), the DS-MIL-101(Cr)@PEG-g-PNIPAm shows thermo-responsive drug release in aqueous media, which can improve the drug-delivery efficiency. By co-culturing the DS-loaded hybrid with human normal chondrocytes, we demonstrate good biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effect on the chondrocytes with inflammation by regulating the expression of OA-related genes and proteins. Our work establishes multifunctional MOFs-based hybrid microgel systems for advanced colloids modulation and biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Zhengze He
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Le Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, PR China
| | - Peiwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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3
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Gong X, Li H, Guo H, Wu S, Lu C, Chen Y, Li S. Efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932874. [PMID: 36569311 PMCID: PMC9768345 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), extracted from the Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora Pall., have been proven to be effective in various autoimmune diseases. We aim to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TGP combined with different conventional therapeutic agents in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Eight databases were searched for randomized controlled studies of TGP for SLE. The search time was set from the establishment of the databases to March 2022. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Evaluation Manual (5.1.0), RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed by the GRADE methodology. Results: A total of 23 articles were included, including 792 patients overall in the treatment group and 781 patients overall in the control group. The meta-analysis results showed that TGP combined with conventional treatments was superior to the conventional treatments in reducing the SLE disease activity and the incidence of adverse reactions (SMDTGP+GC+CTX = -1.98, 95% Cl = [-2.50, -1.46], p < 0.001; SMDTGP+GC+HCQ = -0.65, 95% Cl = [-1.04, -0.26], p <0.001; SMDTGP+GC+TAC = -0.94, 95% Cl = [-1.53, -0.34], p < 0.05; SMDTGP+GC = -1.00, 95% Cl = [-1.64, -0.36], p < 0.05; and RRTGP+GC+CTX = 0.37, 95% Cl = [0.21, 0.64], p < 0.001). The results also showed that TGP helped improve other outcomes related to SLE disease activity, such as complement proteins (C3 and C4), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM and, IgG), ESR, CRP, 24 h urine protein, and recurrence rate. In addition, TGP may also be effective in reducing the average daily dosage of glucocorticoids (GCs) and the cumulative dosage of cyclophosphamide (CTX). The certainty of the evidence was assessed as moderate to low. Conclusion: TGP is more effective and safer when used in combination with different conventional therapeutic agents. It helped reduce the disease activity of SLE and the incidence of adverse reactions. However, we should be cautious about these conclusions as the quality of the evidence is poor. Future studies should focus on improving the methodology. High-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be necessary to provide strong evidence for the efficacy of TGP for SLE. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021272481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Gong
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangwen Wu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songwei Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Songwei Li,
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Li W, Wang Y, Li W, Liu L, Wang X, Song S. Nanoparticle-Containing Hyaluronate Solution for Improved Lubrication of Orthopedic Ceramics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173485. [PMID: 36080559 PMCID: PMC9460720 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature failure caused by inadequate lubrication of an artificial joint is a major problem. Inspired by engine lubrication, in which various additives are used to enforce the oil lubricant, here, a bench test of a biomimetic lubricating fluid containing different substances was carried out. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), in the form of both molecules and nanoparticles, was used as a functional additive. Compared with BSA molecules, BSA nanoparticles dispersed in HA solution served as more effective additives in the biomimetic lubrication fluid to minimize the friction and wear of ceramic orthopedic materials made of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). Meanwhile, a tribo-acoustic study indicated that the “squeaking” problem associated with ZrO2 could be suppressed by the biomimetic fluid. Together with a cytotoxicity assessment, the BSA nanoparticle-incorporated biomimetic fluid was confirmed as a potential reagent for use in the clinic to maintain an even longer service life of artificial joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Orthopedics Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (S.S.); Tel.: +86-371-23882100 (L.L. & S.S.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (S.S.); Tel.: +86-371-23882100 (L.L. & S.S.)
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5
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Rheology Applied to Microgels: Brief (Revision of the) State of the Art. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071279. [PMID: 35406152 PMCID: PMC9003433 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of polymer microgels to rapidly respond to external stimuli is of great interest in sensors, lubricants, and biomedical applications, among others. In most of their uses, microgels are subjected to shear, deformation, and compression forces or a combination of them, leading to variations in their rheological properties. This review article mainly refers to the rheology of microgels, from the hard sphere versus soft particles' model. It clearly describes the scaling theories and fractal structure formation, in particular, the Shih et al. and Wu and Morbidelli models as a tool to determine the interactions among microgel particles and, thus, the viscoelastic properties. Additionally, the most recent advances on the characterization of microgels' single-particle interactions are also described. The review starts with the definition of microgels, and a brief introduction addresses the preparation and applications of microgels and hybrid microgels.
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6
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Feng Y, Chen Z, Zhao N, Liu G, Zhou F, Liu W. Exploration on Aqueous Lubrication of Polymeric Microgels between Titanium Alloy Contacts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32178-32185. [PMID: 34870038 PMCID: PMC8638016 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since titanium alloys have been widely used as joint replacement biomaterials, their superficial lubrication has evolved to be a critical factor for normal use. For this purpose, one kind of typical microgel, poly(NIPAAm-co-AA), was synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and used as an aqueous lubricating additive between titanium alloy contacts. The results show that the as-synthesized microgels reduced the coefficient of friction by 46% and the wear volume by 45%, compared with pure water. Meanwhile, due to their thermosensitive property, the microgels were employed as smart additives to modulate the interfacial friction, which was attributed to the transition of the hydrated state and the elastic deformation of microgel particles. To further dissect the lubrication mechanism, it was found that the lubricating property of microgels was substantially associated with the formation of a hydrated layer surrounding microgels, microbearing effect, interfacial adsorption, and the colloidal stability. Looking beyond, as one kind of soft colloidal lubricant, the microgels may play an important role in the biomedical metal lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Chen Z, Feng Y, Zhao N, Liu Y, Liu G, Zhou F, Liu W. Near-Infrared-Light-Modulated Lubricating Coating Enabled by Photothermal Microgels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49322-49330. [PMID: 34619955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a micro-/nano-sized hydrogel, polymeric microgel not only has three-dimensional (3D) molecular networks but also displays the small-size effect, which has been widely used in various fields, such as drug nanocarrier, photonic crystal, functional coating, and aqueous lubrication. In this work, a photothermal lubricating coating was prepared using polymeric/inorganic hybrid microgels and its surficial friction was deliberately modulated by the remote irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light. Specifically, a photothermal hybrid microgel, Fe3O4@poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-polyacrylic acid) (Fe3O4@PNA), was first fabricated and then sprayed onto poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)-modified substrate to form a lubricating microgel coating. At room temperature, this microgel coating was hydrophilic and achieved good hydration lubrication with relatively low friction. After the introduction of NIR light, the photothermal microgel coating converted light energy into heat energy for increasing its own temperature rapidly. Due to the thermosensitive PNA shell, the wettability of the coating was transformed to hydrophobicity above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), resulting in a remarkable increase in friction. In other words, the surficial friction of this microgel coating could be reversibly modulated using NIR light. This work expands the application scope of microgels in the field of aqueous lubrication and introduces the functional microgels into making the smart lubricating coating for the first time. This basic research in the field of friction control may provide an efficient strategy for the design of interfacial sensing, controlled transmission, and intelligent manipulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yining Liu
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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8
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Li Y, Yuan Z, Yang H, Zhong H, Peng W, Xie R. Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Cartilage Lubrication in Osteoarthritis. Molecules 2021; 26:6122. [PMID: 34684706 PMCID: PMC8540456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable lubrication properties of normal articular cartilage play an essential role in daily life, providing almost frictionless movements of joints. Alterations of cartilage surface or degradation of biomacromolecules within synovial fluid increase the wear and tear of the cartilage and hence determining the onset of the most common joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). The irreversible and progressive degradation of articular cartilage is the hallmark of OA. Considering the absence of effective options to treat OA, the mechanosensitivity of chondrocytes has captured attention. As the only embedded cells in cartilage, the metabolism of chondrocytes is essential in maintaining homeostasis of cartilage, which triggers motivations to understand what is behind the low friction of cartilage and develop biolubrication-based strategies to postpone or even possibly heal OA. This review firstly focuses on the mechanism of cartilage lubrication, particularly on boundary lubrication. Then the mechanotransduction (especially shear stress) of chondrocytes is discussed. The following summarizes the recent development of cartilage-inspired biolubricants to highlight the correlation between cartilage lubrication and OA. One might expect that the restoration of cartilage lubrication at the early stage of OA could potentially promote the regeneration of cartilage and reverse its pathology to cure OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhongrun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Haijian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weijie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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9
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Cao H, Xu W, Guo X. The wormlike micelles formed using an ionic liquid surfactant and polar organic solvents at low temperature without additives and their lubricant properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1437-1444. [PMID: 33326550 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wormlike micelles (or reverse wormlike micelles) are flexible cylindrical chains that are normally formed in water (or a nonpolar organic solvent) at 25.0 °C or above; the formation of wormlike micelles at lower temperatures is rare. Here, we have reported wormlike micelles formed at low temperature using an ionic liquid surfactant (1-octadecyl-3-nonyl imidazolium bromide) in polar organic solvents (including 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene glycol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and glycerol/1,2-propylene glycol mixture) in the absence of any additives. The viscoelasticity and morphology of the wormlike micelles were studied using rheology, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. The viscoelastic properties of the wormlike micelles in polar solvents are affected by the solvent type (or the weight ratio of glycerol to 1,2-propylene glycol), surfactant concentration, and temperature. Moreover, the G' and G'' crossover twice in the dynamic curves, which is different from the case in water. The first crossover (at low frequency) corresponds to the relaxation time for the alkyl chains to disentangle from the transient network, and the second crossover (at high frequency) is related to the segmental motion of the chains. Furthermore, the tribological performance of these wormlike micelles is investigated at low temperature. It is found that the protective film (formed by the physical adhesion of the wormlike micelles on the surface of friction disk pair) and the tribochemical reaction together lead to good antifriction and antiwear performance, which indicates the application prospects of these wormlike micelles in low-temperature lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China.
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10
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Biglione C, Glitscher EA, Arora S, Klemke B, Giulbudagian M, Laux P, Luch A, Bergueiro J, Calderón M. Galvanic Replacement as a Synthetic Tool for the Construction of Anisotropic Magnetoplasmonic Nanocomposites with Synergistic Phototransducing and Magnetic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56839-56849. [PMID: 33290035 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoplasmonic nanomaterials, which combine light and magnetic field responsiveness in an advantageous manner, are attractive candidates for bio-nanoapplications. However, the synthetic access to such hybrid particles has been limited by the incompatibility of the iron- and gold-based lattices. In this work, we provide the first insights into a new synthetic strategy for developing magnetoplasmonic anisotropic nanocomposites with prominent phototransducing properties. In our approach, magnetic nanocubes based on an alloy of iron oxide, zinc, and silver were constructed. In a key second stage, the galvanic replacement of silver with gold atoms yielded satellite-like magnetoplasmonic anisotropic structures. Superior magnetic and photoconverting properties were observed for the novel magnetoplasmonic nanocomposites when compared with the pure parent structures. Moreover, the synergy between the magnetic and optical stimuli was examined, showing shape-dependent contributions in the magnetization experiments. More importantly, an excellent cell ablation capability upon laser irradiation was observed for the magnetoplasmonic nanocomposites compared to the pure magnetic or plasmonic controls. Further demonstration of these novel theragnostic agents as MRI contrast agents is also reported even during the light-irradiation event. Thus, the described particles showed promising properties for bioapplications emerging from the novel synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Biglione
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel A Glitscher
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Smriti Arora
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Klemke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meiter Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Giulbudagian
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Bergueiro
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Biglione C, Bergueiro J, Wedepohl S, Klemke B, Strumia MC, Calderón M. Revealing the NIR-triggered chemotherapy therapeutic window of magnetic and thermoresponsive nanogels. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21635-21646. [PMID: 32856647 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of magnetic nanoparticles and thermoresponsive nanogels represents an appealing strategy for the development of theranostic probes. These hybrid nanocarriers present several advantages such as outstanding properties for guided therapy, magnetic resonance imaging, and triggered release of encapsulated cargoes. Most magnetic thermoresponsive nanogels are built with strategies that comprise a physical interaction of particles with the polymeric network or the covalent attachment of a single particle to the linear polymer. Herein, we report a facile synthetic approach for the synthesis of magnetic and thermoresponsive nanogels that allows the controlled incorporation of multiple superparamagnetic inorganic cores as covalent cross-linkers. An ultrasonication-assisted precipitation-polymerization afforded nanogels with sizes in the nanometric range and similar magnetization and light transduction properties compared to the discrete magnetic nanoparticles. The theranostic capability of these nanocarriers was further investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo experiments demonstrated the capacity of these materials as nanocarriers for near-infrared (NIR) triggered chemotherapy and highlighted the relevance of the correct concentration/dose in this antitumoral modality to achieve a superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Biglione
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Lin W, Kampf N, Klein J. Designer Nanoparticles as Robust Superlubrication Vectors. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7008-7017. [PMID: 32412738 PMCID: PMC7315629 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers or liposomes at interfaces in aqueous environments can provide extremely efficient lubrication. This is attributed to the hydration lubrication mechanism acting at the highly hydrated phosphocholine-headgroup layers exposed at the outer surface of each bilayer. Micelles exposing such phosphocholine groups could be an attractive alternative to liposomes due to their much easier preparation and structure control, but all studies to date of surfactant micelles have revealed that at relatively low normal stresses the surface layers rupture and friction increases abruptly. Here, we examine surface interactions between three kinds of phosphocholine-exposing micelles with different designed structures: single-tail surfactant micelles, homo-oligomeric micelles, and block copolymer micelles. Normal and shear forces between mica surfaces immersed in solutions of these micelles were measured using a surface force balance. The adsorbed layers on the mica were imaged using atomic force microscope, revealing surface structures ranging from wormlike to spherical micelles. The block copolymer micelles showed relatively low coverage arising from their stabilizing corona and consequently poor lubrication (μ ∼ 10-1). In contrast, the surfactant and homo-oligomeric micelles fully covered the mica surface and demonstrated excellent lubrication (μ ∼ O(10-3)). However, while the boundary layer of single-tailed surfactant micelles degraded under moderate pressure, the homo-oligomeric micellar boundary layer was robust at all applied contact pressures in our study (up to about 5 MPa). We attribute the difference to the much greater energy required to remove a homo-oligomeric molecule from its micelle, resulting in far greater stability under pressure and shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Lin
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Kampf
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jacob Klein
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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13
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Tang S, Xue D, Guo J, Ma L, Tian Y, Luo J. Macroscale Light-Controlled Lubrication Enabled by Introducing Diarylethene Molecules in a Nanoconfinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5820-5828. [PMID: 32366102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reversible friction regulation is of long-standing great interest in the fields of both industry and scientific research, so some materials and theories have been developed aiming to solve this problem. Light-sensitive materials are promising because of the easy controllable switching of the properties and structures. Here, a reversible light-controlled macrolubrication was realized by regulating the performance of nanoscale light-sensitive molecules adsorbed on contact surfaces. In this work, symmetric diarylethene and asymmetric diarylethene had been designed and synthesized as functional materials. The friction forces were found to be obviously increased upon exposure to ultraviolet light and decayed to the initial value under visible light. In addition, the friction coefficient changed alternately with ultraviolet and visible illumination. According to the results of experiments and simulation of material properties, the behavior was suggested to be attributed to the difference in shear stiffness of the nanoscale diarylethene molecule adsorption layer triggered by two wavelength lights. This work not only provides a new lubrication regulation technology but also develops intelligent engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dandan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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An R, Wu M, Li J, Qiu X, Shah FU, Li J. On the ionic liquid films 'pinned' by core-shell structured Fe 3O 4@carbon nanoparticles and their tribological properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26387-26398. [PMID: 31793566 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A strongly 'pinned' ionic liquid (IL, [BMIM][PF6]) film on a silicon (Si) surface via carbon capsuled Fe3O4 core-shell (Fe3O4@C) nanoparticles is achieved, revealing excellent friction-reducing ability at a high load. The adhesion force is measured to be ∼198 nN at the Fe3O4@C-Si interface by the Fe3O4@C colloidal AFM tip, which is stronger than that at both Fe3O4@C-Fe3O4@C (∼60 nN) and IL-Si (∼10 nN) interfaces, indicating a strong 'normal pin-force' towards the Si substrate. The resulting strengthened force enables the formation of lateral IL networks via the dipole-dipole attractions among Fe3O4 cores. The observed blue shift of the characteristic band related to the IL anion in the ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the enhanced interaction. The N-Si, P-O chemical bonds formed as a result of the IL interactions with the Si substrate confirmed by XPS spectroscopy suggested that the IL lay on the Si plane. This orientation is favorable for Fe3O4@C nanoparticles to exert 'normal pin-force' and press the IL film strongly onto surfaces. The IL ions/clusters are thus anchored by these Fe3O4@C 'pins' onto the substrate to form a dense film, resulting in a smaller interaction size parameter, which is responsible for the reduced friction coefficient μ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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15
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Wang Y, Guo L, Dong S, Cui J, Hao J. Microgels in biomaterials and nanomedicines. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 266:1-20. [PMID: 30776711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are colloidal particles with crosslinked polymer networks and dimensions ranging from tens of nanometers to micrometers. Specifically, smart microgels are fascinating capable of responding to biological signals in vivo or remote triggers and making the possible for applications in biomaterials and biomedicines. Therefore, how to fundamentally design microgels is an urgent problem to be solved. In this review, we put forward our important fundamental opinions on how to devise the intelligent microgels for cancer therapy, biosensing and biological lubrication. We focus on the design ideas instead of specific implementation process by employing reverse synthesis analysis to programme the microgels at the original stage. Moreover, special insights will be, for the first time, as far as we know, dedicated to the particles completely composed of DNA or proteins into microgel systems. These are discussed in detail in this review. We expect to give readers a broad overview of the design criteria and practical methodologies of microgels according to the application fields, as well as to propel the further developments of highly interesting concepts and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Luxuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shuli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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16
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Rashid H, Mansoor MA, Haider B, Nasir R, Abd Hamid SB, Abdulrahman A. Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nano particles with high selectivity using in-situ precipitation method. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1585876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harith Rashid
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Adil Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider
- Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology (ICET), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Nasir
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aymn Abdulrahman
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Macchione MA, Biglione C, Strumia M. Design, Synthesis and Architectures of Hybrid Nanomaterials for Therapy and Diagnosis Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E527. [PMID: 30966561 PMCID: PMC6415435 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials based on inorganic nanoparticles and polymers are highly interesting structures since they combine synergistically the advantageous physical-chemical properties of both inorganic and polymeric components, providing superior functionality to the final material. These unique properties motivate the intensive study of these materials from a multidisciplinary view with the aim of finding novel applications in technological and biomedical fields. Choosing a specific synthetic methodology that allows for control over the surface composition and its architecture, enables not only the examination of the structure/property relationships, but, more importantly, the design of more efficient nanodevices for therapy and diagnosis in nanomedicine. The current review categorizes hybrid nanomaterials into three types of architectures: core-brush, hybrid nanogels, and core-shell. We focus on the analysis of the synthetic approaches that lead to the formation of each type of architecture. Furthermore, most recent advances in therapy and diagnosis applications and some inherent challenges of these materials are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela A Macchione
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET. Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Catalina Biglione
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Miriam Strumia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET. Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
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18
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Zhang G, Xie G, Si L, Wen S, Guo D. Ultralow Friction Self-Lubricating Nanocomposites with Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks as Smart Nanocontainers for Lubricants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38146-38152. [PMID: 28994574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Smart nanocontainers with stimuli-responsive property can be used to fabricate a new kind of self-lubricating nanocomposite, while the practical potential of the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as nanocontainers for lubricants has not been realized. In this work, mesoporous Cu-BTC MOFs storing oleylamine nanocomposites were explored from synthesis and microstructure to self-lubricating characterization. The stress stimuli-responsiveness behavior of the Cu-BTC storing oleylamine (Cu-BTCO) for lubrication has been investigated by subjecting it to macroscopic ball-on-disc friction tests. The steady-state coefficients of friction (COFs) of the Cu-BTC nanocomposites without lubricants were ca. 0.5. In contrast, after oleylamine as the lubricant was incorporated into the Cu-BTC container in the nanocomposite, ultralow friction (COF, ca. 0.03) was achieved. It has been demonstrated that the improved lubricating performance was associated with the lubricating film which was in situ produced by the chemical reaction between the oleylamine released from the nanocontainer and the friction pairs. Therefore, the nanocomposite with smart Cu-BTC container holds the promise of realizing extraordinary self-lubricating properties under stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lina Si
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shizhu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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