1
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Uva A, Michailovich S, Hsu NSY, Tran H. Degradable π-Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12271-12287. [PMID: 38656104 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The integration of next-generation electronics into society is rapidly reshaping our daily interactions and lifestyles, revolutionizing communication and engagement with the world. Future electronics promise stimuli-responsive features and enhanced biocompatibility, such as skin-like health monitors and sensors embedded in food packaging, transforming healthcare and reducing food waste. Imparting degradability may reduce the adverse environmental impact of next-generation electronics and lead to opportunities for environmental and health monitoring. While advancements have been made in producing degradable materials for encapsulants, substrates, and dielectrics, the availability of degradable conducting and semiconducting materials remains restricted. π-Conjugated polymers are promising candidates for the development of degradable conductors or semiconductors due to the ability to tune their stimuli-responsiveness, biocompatibility, and mechanical durability. This perspective highlights three design considerations: the selection of π-conjugated monomers, synthetic coupling strategies, and degradation of π-conjugated polymers, for generating π-conjugated materials for degradable electronics. We describe the current challenges with monomeric design and present options to circumvent these issues by highlighting biobased π-conjugated compounds with known degradation pathways and stable monomers that allow for chemically recyclable polymers. Next, we present coupling strategies that are compatible for the synthesis of degradable π-conjugated polymers, including direct arylation polymerization and enzymatic polymerization. Lastly, we discuss various modes of depolymerization and characterization techniques to enhance our comprehension of potential degradation byproducts formed during polymer cleavage. Our perspective considers these three design parameters in parallel rather than independently while having a targeted application in mind to accelerate the discovery of next-generation high-performance π-conjugated polymers for degradable organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sofia Michailovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nathan Sung Yuan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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2
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Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Organic Optoelectronic Materials Using Direct C-H Functionalization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300400. [PMID: 37823322 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules and polymers with conjugated structures can be used as organic optoelectronic materials. These molecules have conventionally been synthesized by cross-coupling reactions; however, in recent years, direct functionalization of C-H bonds has been used to synthesize organic optoelectronic materials. Representative reactions include direct arylation reactions (C-H/C-X couplings, with X being halogen or pseudo-halogen) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (C-H/C-H cross-coupling) reactions. Although these reactions are convenient for short-step synthesis, they require regioselectivity in the C-H bonds and suppression of undesired homo-coupling side reactions. This review introduces examples of the synthesis of organic optoelectronic materials using two types of direct C-H functionalization reactions. In addition, we summarize our recent activities in the development of direct C-H functionalization reactions using fluorobenzenes as substrates. This review covers the reaction mechanism and material properties of the resulting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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3
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Chakraborty B, Luscombe CK. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization via C-H Activation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301247. [PMID: 36849707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their versatile (opto)electronic properties, conjugated polymers have found application in several organic electronic devices. Cross-coupling reactions such as Stille, Suzuki, Kumada couplings, and direct arylation reactions have proved to be effective for their synthesis. More atom-efficient oxidative direct arylation polymerization has also been reported for making homopolymers. However, growing interest toward donor-acceptor polymers has led to the recent emergence of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) polymerization to synthesize alternating copolymers without any prefunctionalization of monomers. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of two simple arenes via double C-H activation, or of an arene with an alkene via oxidative Heck-type reaction have been used so far for CDC polymerization. In this article, we discuss the development of CDC polymerization protocols along with the relevant small molecule CDC reactions for an improved understanding of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitan Chakraborty
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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4
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Wang K, Liu J, Liu P, Wang D, Han T, Tang BZ. Multifunctional Fluorescent Main-Chain Charged Polyelectrolytes Synthesized by Cascade C-H Activation/Annulation Polymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4208-4220. [PMID: 36763076 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polyelectrolytes have attracted enormous attention as functional polymer materials. In contrast with the widely studied conjugated polyelectrolytes with ionic groups in side chains, fluorescent main-chain charged polyelectrolytes (MCCPs) have rarely been explored due to the large synthetic difficulty. Herein, we develop a facile and atom-economical N-heterocyclic carbene-directed cascade C-H activation/annulation polymerization strategy that can transform readily available imidazolium substrates and internal diynes into multifunctional fluorescent MCCPs with complex structures and high molecular weights (absolute Mn up to 135 600) in nearly quantitative yields. The presence of multisubstituted polycyclic N-heteroaromatic cations in polymer backbones endow the obtained MCCPs with excellent solution processability, high thermal stability, and dual-state efficient fluorescence in both solution and aggregate states. Benefiting from the strong electron-withdrawing capability of the cationic heterocycles in main chains, multicolored aggregate-state fluorescence can be readily achieved by modifying the substituents around the cationic ring-fused core. Taking advantage of the good photosensitivity of the fluorescent MCCP thin films, multiscale and high-resolution fluorescent photopatterns with different colors can be facilely prepared with potential applications in optical display devices and anticounterfeiting systems. Moreover, the strong electrostatic interactions of these cationic MCCPs with anionic polyelectrolytes enable them to form multicolored fluorescent interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation microfibers with directly visualized internal structures. Such flexible microfibers can be further made into diversified forms of fiber-based macroscopic patterns or painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Peiying Liu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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5
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Jang SY, Kim IB, Kim Y, Lim DH, Kang H, Heeney M, Kim DY. Facile direct C-H arylation polymerization of conjugated polymer, PDCBT, for organic solar cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200405. [PMID: 35938972 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is a synthetic method for conjugated polymers; in DArP, organometallic functionalization steps are omitted and there are no toxic byproducts. As a result, it is considered a more sustainable alternative compared to conventional methods such as Stille polymerization. To explore the possibility of DArP-based polymers as donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs), a series of conjugated polymers based on the structure of PDCBT are synthesized using DArP and Stille polymerization. By controlling the monomer concentration and reaction time in DArP, DArP-5 with the highest Mn (21.9 kDa) can be obtained and its optoelectronic properties, electrochemical properties, and microscopic molecular ordering are comparable to those of Stille-based PDCBT (Stille-P). Analysis of the polymer structure indicates no structural defects such as crosslinking from undesired β-coupling reactions in DArP-5. Upon blending with the PC71 BM acceptor molecule, an increase in the crystallite size of DArP-5 is also observed. In OSC devices with a polymer:PC71 BM bulk-heterojunction photoactive layer, DArP-5 demonstrates a comparable power conversion efficiency of 5.8% with that of Stille-P (5.5%). These results prove that DArP is suitable for synthesizing PDCBT, and DArP-based PDCBT can be used in OSCs as an alternative of Stille-based one. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Jang
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Bok Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Center for Research Innovation, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, (White City Campus), 80 Wood Lane Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wang K, Yan S, Han T, Wu Q, Yan N, Kang M, Ge J, Wang D, Tang BZ. Cascade C-H-Activated Polyannulations toward Ring-Fused Heteroaromatic Polymers for Intracellular pH Mapping and Cancer Cell Killing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11788-11801. [PMID: 35736562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of straightforward and efficient synthetic methods toward ring-fused heteroaromatic polymers with attractive functionalities has great significance in both chemistry and materials science. Herein, we develop a facile cascade C-H-activated polyannulation route that can in situ generate multiple ring-fused aza-heteroaromatic polymers from readily available monomers in an atom-economical manner. A series of complex polybenzimidazole derivatives with high absolute molecular weights of up to 24 000 are efficiently produced in high yields within 2 h. Benefiting from their unique imidazole-containing ring-fused structures with multiple aryl pendants, the obtained polymers show excellent thermal and morphological stability, good solution processability, high refractive index, small chromic dispersion, as well as remarkable acid-base-responsive fluorescence. Taking advantage of the ratiometric fluorescence response of the triphenylamine-substituted heteroaromatic polymer to pH variations, we successfully apply it as a sensitive fluorescence probe for the mapping and quantitative analysis of intracellular pH in live cells. Furthermore, through the simple N-methylation reaction of the ring-fused polybenzimidazoles, diverse azonia-containing polyelectrolytes are readily produced, which can efficiently kill cancer cells via the synergistic effects of dark toxicity and phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Saisai Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Neng Yan
- Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinyin Ge
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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7
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Ranu B, Egorov I, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Kopchuk D, Kovalev I, Zyryanov G, Majee A, Chupakhin O, Liu Y. Mechanochemically Induced Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions under Ball Milling. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Egorov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anindita Mukherjee
- Ural'skij federal'nyj universitet imeni pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B N El'cina RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sougata Santra
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Dmitry Kopchuk
- Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Grigory Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Oleg Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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8
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Mayhugh AL, Yadav P, Luscombe CK. Circular Discovery in Small Molecule and Conjugated Polymer Synthetic Methodology. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6123-6135. [PMID: 35380440 PMCID: PMC9011355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple and efficient methods are a key consideration for small molecule and polymer syntheses. Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is of increasing interest for preparing conjugated polymers as an effective approach compared to conventional cross-coupling polymerizations. As DArP sees broader utilization, advancements are needed to access materials with improved properties and different monomer structures and to improve the scalability of conjugated polymer synthesis. Presented herein are considerations for developing new methods of conjugated polymer synthesis from small molecule transformations, exploring how DArP has successfully used this approach, and presenting how emerging polymerization methodologies are developing similarly. While it is common to adapt small molecule methods to polymerizations, we demonstrate the ways in which information gained from studying polymerizations can inform and inspire greater advancements in small molecule transformations. This circular approach to organic synthetic method development underlines the value of collaboration between small molecule and polymer-based synthetic research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Mayhugh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Unites States
| | - Preeti Yadav
- pi-Conjugated
Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science
and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated
Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science
and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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9
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Zheng DZ, Li DH, Liu H, Shao Y, Ke Z, Liu FS. Bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN)-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes with Ancillary Ligands: Readily Activated Precatalysts for Direct C–H Arylation of Thiophenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Zhong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Dong-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Youxiang Shao
- School of Materials Science &Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science &Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
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10
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Wang K, Zhang J, Hu R, Liu C, Bartholome TA, Ge H, Li B. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–C Bond-Forming Reactions via C–H Activation for the Development of Fluorescent Materials with Practical Value. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Ruike Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Tyler A. Bartholome
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Bijin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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11
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Ye L, Thompson BC. Improving the efficiency and sustainability of catalysts for direct arylation polymerization (DArP). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
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12
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Chua MH, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xu J. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers via Transition Metal Catalysed C-H Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2896-2919. [PMID: 34390547 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry has emerged as an exciting and promising approach in organic synthesis. This allows us to synthesize a wider range of functional molecules and conjugated polymers in a more convenient and more atom economical way. The formation of C-C bonds in the construction of pi-conjugated systems, particularly for conjugated polymers, has benefited much from the advances in C-H bond activation chemistry. Compared to conventional transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling polymerization such as Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling, pre-functionalization of aromatic monomers, such as halogenation, borylation and stannylation, is no longer required for direct arylation polymerization (DArP), which involve C-H/C-X cross-coupling, and oxidative direct arylation polymerization (Ox-DArP), which involves C-H/C-H cross-coupling protocols driven by the activation of monomers' C(sp2 )-H bonds. Furthermore, poly(annulation) via C-H bond activation chemistry leads to the formation of unique pi-conjugated moieties as part of the polymeric backbone. This review thus summarises advances to date in the synthesis of conjugated polymers utilizing transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry. A variety of conjugated polymers via DArP including poly(thiophene), thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-containing, fluorenyl-containing, benzothiadiazole-containing and diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing copolymers, were summarized. Conjugated polymers obtained through Ox-DArP were outlined and compared. Furthermore, poly(annulation) using transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry was also reviewed. In the last part of this review, difficulties and perspective to make use of transition metal catalysed C-H activation polymerization to prepare conjugated polymers were discussed and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Rufino-Felipe E, Nayely Osorio-Yáñez R, Vera M, Valdés H, González-Sebastián L, Reyes-Sanchez A, Morales-Morales D. Transition-metal complexes bearing chelating NHC Ligands. Catalytic activity in cross coupling reactions via C H activation. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Mishra A, Gupta S, Patra A. Synthesis and properties of 3,4‐dioxythiophene and 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene based copolymers via direct
CH
arylation: Dopant‐free hole transport material for perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Mishra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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15
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Zhang S, Liu XY, Chang Z, Qiao X, Xiong HY, Zhang G. The [3+2] Annulation of CF 3-Ketimines by Re Catalysis: Access to CF 3-Containing Amino Heterocycles and Polyamides. iScience 2020; 23:101705. [PMID: 33196028 PMCID: PMC7644752 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of imines with double bonds via directed C-H activation offers a direct access to amino cyclic motifs. However, owing to weak coordination and steric hindrance, trifluoromethylated ketimines have been an unaddressed challenge for TM-catalyzed annulations. Here, a rhenium-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of trifluoromethylated ketimines with isocyanates via C(sp2)-H activation has been disclosed. This approach provides an efficient platform for rapid access to a privileged library of CF3-containing iminoisoindolinones and polyamides by utilizing challenging CF3-ketimines as the annulation component. The capability of gram scale synthesis, the post-functionalization of the cyclization adduct, the derivation of complex natural molecules and the facile synthesis of polyamides highlight a diversity of synthetic potential of the current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Zhang
- Institute of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbang Chang
- Institute of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Qiao
- Institute of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Ying Xiong
- Institute of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P.R. China
| | - Guangwu Zhang
- Institute of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P.R. China
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16
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Facile access to conjugated polymers under aerobic conditions via Pd-Catalyzed direct arylation and aryl amination polycondensation. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Jones AL, De Keersmaecker M, Pelse I, Reynolds JR. Curious Case of BiEDOT: MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Reveals Unbalanced Monomer Incorporation with Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michel De Keersmaecker
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ian Pelse
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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Calascibetta AM, Mattiello S, Sanzone A, Facchinetti I, Sassi M, Beverina L. Sustainable Access to π-Conjugated Molecular Materials via Direct (Hetero)Arylation Reactions in Water and under Air. Molecules 2020; 25:E3717. [PMID: 32824058 PMCID: PMC7465621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct (hetero)arylation (DHA) is playing a key role in improving the efficiency and atom economy of C-C cross coupling reactions, so has impacts in pharmaceutical and materials chemistry. Current research focuses on further improving the generality, efficiency and selectivity of the method through careful tuning of the reaction conditions and the catalytic system. Comparatively fewer studies are dedicated to the replacement of the high-boiling-point organic solvents dominating the field and affecting the overall sustainability of the method. We show herein that the use of a 9:1 v/v emulsion of an aqueous Kolliphor 2 wt% solution while having toluene as the reaction medium enables the preparation of relevant examples of thiophene-containing π-conjugated building blocks in high yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiel Mauro Calascibetta
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sanzone
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Irene Facchinetti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (M.S.)
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19
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Jessop IA, Chong A, Graffo L, Camarada MB, Espinoza C, Angel FA, Saldías C, Tundidor-Camba A, Terraza CA. Synthesis and Characterization of a 2,3-Dialkoxynaphthalene-Based Conjugated Copolymer via Direct Arylation Polymerization (DAP) for Organic Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1377. [PMID: 32575423 PMCID: PMC7362231 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly[(5,5'-(2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)naphthalene-1,4-diyl)bis(thiophene-2,2'-diyl))-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)] (PEHONDTBT) was synthesized for the first time and through direct arylation polymerization (DAP) for use as p-donor material in organic solar cells. Optimized reaction protocol leads to a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer in good yield, with less structural defects than its analog obtained from Suzuki polycondensation, and with similar or even higher molecular weight than other previously reported polymers based on the 2,3-dialkoxynaphthalene monomer. The batch-to-batch repeatability of the optimized DAP conditions for the synthesis of PEHONDTBT was proved, showing the robustness of the synthetic strategy. The structure of PEHONDTBT was corroborated by NMR, exhibiting good solubility in common organic solvents, good film-forming ability, and thermal stability. PEHONDTBT film presented an absorption band centered at 498 nm, a band gap of 2.15 eV, and HOMO and LUMO energy levels of -5.31 eV and -3.17 eV, respectively. Theoretical calculations were performed to understand the regioselectivity in the synthesis of PEHONDTBT and to rationalize its optoelectronic properties. Bilayer heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices with PEHONDTBT as the donor layer were fabricated to test their photovoltaic performance, affording low power-conversion efficiency in the preliminary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A. Jessop
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Aylin Chong
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Linda Graffo
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - María B. Camarada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Catalina Espinoza
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.E.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Felipe A. Angel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.E.); (F.A.A.)
- Centro de Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Cesar Saldías
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.T.-C.); (C.A.T.)
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Terraza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.T.-C.); (C.A.T.)
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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20
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Rangel M, Güizado-Rodríguez M, Maldonado JL, Olayo-Valles R, Barba V, Reveles JU. Eco-friendly synthesis of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) by direct arylation polymerization: Analysis of the properties that determine its performance in BHJ solar cells. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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22
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Ye L, Pankow RM, Horikawa M, Melenbrink EL, Liu K, Thompson BC. Green-Solvent-Processed Amide-Functionalized Conjugated Polymers Prepared via Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Mami Horikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Melenbrink
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Kangying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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23
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Exploring the Utility of Buchwald Ligands for C-H Oxidative Direct Arylation Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:931-936. [PMID: 35619496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling polymerizations provide an opportunity to synthesize conjugated polymers with an increased ease of monomer preparation, reduced environmental impact, and increased sustainability. Considering these attributes, it is necessary to expand the diversity of monomers that readily and efficiently participate in this coupling strategy to enable the development of conjugated polymers with a wide range of properties. Herein, the oxidative direct arylation polymerization toolbox is expanded to include 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene being synthesized via C-H/C-H cross-coupling methodologies. In conjunction with these efforts, the utilization of Buchwald ligands in C-H/C-H cross coupling polymerizations also is reported, and variations in the ligand structure provide insight into the role ligand choice has on C-H cross-coupling polymerizations. Specifically, it is determined that the phosphine functionality affects the rate-determining, concerted metalation-deprotonation step of the catalytic cycle, while bulky isopropyl substituents on the ligand's lower aryl ring promote reductive elimination. By balancing these steric effects on the ancillary ligands, polymers are synthesized to exhibit molecular weights above the effective conjugation length, with recovered yields >90%. In addition to expanding the scope of conjugated polymers accessible via oxidative direct arylation polymerization, these results provide the foundational understanding for utilizing Buchwald-type ligands in C-H-activated polymerizations.
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24
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Wang Y, Hasegawa T, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Significant Difference in Semiconducting Properties of Isomeric All‐Acceptor Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Current address: Emergent Molecular Function Research Team Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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25
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Wang Y, Hasegawa T, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Significant Difference in Semiconducting Properties of Isomeric All-Acceptor Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11893-11902. [PMID: 31210386 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) appeared as an efficient method for producing semiconducting polymers but often requires acceptor monomers with orienting or activating groups for the reactive carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds, which limits the choice of acceptor units. In this study, we describe a DArP for producing high-molecular-weight all-acceptor polymers composed of the acceptor monomers without any orienting or activating groups via a modified method using Pd/Cu co-catalysts. We thus obtained two isomeric all-acceptor polymers, P1 and P2, which have the same backbone and side-chains but different positions of the nitrogen atoms in the thiazole units. This subtle change significantly influences their optoelectronic, molecular packing, and charge-transport properties. P2 with a greater backbone torsion has favorable edge-on orientations and a high electron mobility μe of 2.55 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Moreover, P2-based transistors show an excellent shelf-storage stability in air even after the storage for 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.,Current address: Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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26
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TOGAWA Y, YAMAMOTO SI, HAYASHI S, KOIZUMI T. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Fluoroarenes with Dibromoarenes. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2019. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki TOGAWA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
| | | | | | - Toshio KOIZUMI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
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27
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Hillmyer MA. Editorial. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Kuwabara J, Tsuchida W, Guo S, Hu Z, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of conjugated polymers via direct C–H/C–Cl coupling reactions using a Pd/Cu binary catalytic system. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective C–H/C–Br coupling and polycondensation with C–H/C–Cl coupling afforded conjugated polymers in a short synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Wataru Tsuchida
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Shuyang Guo
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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29
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Grisorio R, Suranna GP. Catalyst-transfer polymerization of arylamines by the Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The control over the polymerization course of arylamines by the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction was achieved by the introduction of suitable functional groups onto the AB-type monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grisorio
- DICATECh – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale
- del Territorio
- Edile e di Chimica
- Politecnico di Bari
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- DICATECh – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale
- del Territorio
- Edile e di Chimica
- Politecnico di Bari
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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31
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Yang Y, Nishiura M, Wang H, Hou Z. Metal-catalyzed C H activation for polymer synthesis and functionalization. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Yamashita A, Nishiyama H, Inagi S, Tomita I. Synthesis of π-conjugated poly(arylene)s by polycondensation of 1,4-bis(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzene and aryl dibromides through regiospecific C-H functionalization process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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33
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Aldrich TJ, Dudnik AS, Eastham ND, Manley EF, Chen LX, Chang RPH, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Suppressing Defect Formation Pathways in the Direct C–H Arylation Polymerization of Photovoltaic Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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34
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Collier GS, Pelse I, Reynolds JR. Aqueous Electrolyte Compatible Electrochromic Polymers Processed from an Environmentally Sustainable Solvent. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1208-1214. [PMID: 35651256 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing aqueous electrolyte compatible, redox-active polymers that can be processed from environmentally sustainable solvents is desirable because these traits will effectively reduce environmental impact and human health hazards during processing procedures and in the final device architecture. To achieve organic solvent solubility and aqueous compatibility, a poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) containing four ester functionalities was synthesized via direct arylation polymerization. The resulting polymer was spray-cast into a thin film from the environmentally sustainable solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and the presence of multiple polar functionalities rendered the film aqueous electrolyte compatible. The multiester-functionalized polymer exhibits a relatively low onset of oxidation (∼0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl) and electrochromic character by transitioning from a colored neutral state to a colorless oxidized state with increasing potential in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous electrolyte. Additionally, the ester-functionalized polymer exhibits similar electrochromic properties in aqueous electrolytes when compared to traditional alkyl-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes) in organic electrolytes, as evidenced by contrast values of ∼70% and switching speeds of ∼2 s. This work highlights the use of multipolar functionalities as a design strategy for synthesizing organic solvent processable, aqueous electrolyte compatible redox-active polymers without postpolymerization modifications or the sacrifice of electrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ian Pelse
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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35
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Pappenfus TM, Almyahi F, Cooling NA, Culver EW, Rasmussen SC, Dastoor PC. Exploration of the Direct Arylation Polymerization Method for the Practical Application of Conjugated Materials: Synthetic Scale-Up, Solar Cell Performance, and Cost Analyses. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics; University of Minnesota; Morris MN 56267 USA
| | - Furqan Almyahi
- Department of Physics; College of Science; University of Basrah; Basra 61004 Iraq
- Centre for Organic Electronics; University of Newcastle; Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Nathan A. Cooling
- Centre for Organic Electronics; University of Newcastle; Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Evan W. Culver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; North Dakota State University; NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo ND 58108-6050 USA
| | - Seth C. Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; North Dakota State University; NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo ND 58108-6050 USA
| | - Paul C. Dastoor
- Centre for Organic Electronics; University of Newcastle; Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
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Jang YJ, Hwang SH, Noh J, Choi TL. Library of Fluorescent Polysulfonamides and Polyamide Synthesized by Iridium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Amidation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jinkyung Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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37
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Ichige A, Saito H, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Choi JC, Kanbara T. Facile Synthesis of Thienopyrroledione-Based π-Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polycondensation under Aerobic Conditions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akito Ichige
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Saito
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central
5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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38
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Li Y, Tatum WK, Onorato JW, Zhang Y, Luscombe CK. Low Elastic Modulus and High Charge Mobility of Low-Crystallinity Indacenodithiophene-Based Semiconducting Polymers for Potential Applications in Stretchable Electronics. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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39
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Saito H, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Polyfluoro Arylene-Based Poly(arylenevinylene)s via Pd-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Direct Alkenylation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800414. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Saito
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
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40
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41
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Yoon K, Dong G. Modular In Situ Functionalization Strategy: Multicomponent Polymerization by Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8592-8596. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki‐Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
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42
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Yoon K, Dong G. Modular In Situ Functionalization Strategy: Multicomponent Polymerization by Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki‐Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
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43
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Cicha CL, Gockel SN, Helmin AJ, Wilcox WD, Janzen DE, Pappenfus TM. Benzodithiophene homopolymers via direct (hetero)arylation polymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Aoki H, Saito H, Shimoyama Y, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing Octafluorobiphenylene Unit via Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:90-94. [PMID: 35610923 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycondensation via Pd-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction of 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-octafluorobiphenyl with thiophene analogues was studied. The synthetic protocol, in which employment of prefunctionalized starting monomers was fully avoided, allowed straightforward access to an alternating π-conjugated polymer. The addition of K2CO3 to the catalytic system promotes the cross-coupling reaction and suppresses the undesired homocoupling reaction, producing the corresponding donor-acceptor type π-conjugated polymers with minor homocoupling defects. The reaction also proceeded using O2 as the terminal oxidant, resulting in lower loading of the Ag oxidant. The obtained polymer was evaluated as an emitting material for an organic light-emitting diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Aoki
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Saito
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuto Shimoyama
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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45
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Pankow RM, Ye L, Gobalasingham NS, Salami N, Samal S, Thompson BC. Investigation of green and sustainable solvents for direct arylation polymerization (DArP). Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00749g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Green solvents, notably cyclopentyl methylether (CPME), are found to be highly effective in Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Nemal S. Gobalasingham
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Neda Salami
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Sanket Samal
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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46
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Liu SY, Wang DG, Zhong AG, Wen HR. One-step rapid synthesis of π-conjugated large oligomers via C–H activation coupling. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00960g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of DPP-based π-conjugated oligomers with linear, V-shaped, star-shaped, and twisted or 3D geometries and MWs of 1500–3300 has been facilely obtained in one step via Pd-catalyzed DA coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy & Chemistry
| | - Di-Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy & Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- P.R. China
| | - Ai-Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy & Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- P.R. China
| | - He-Rui Wen
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
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47
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen TA, Tran HM, Nguyen LTT, Luu AT, Lee JY, Nguyen HT. N-Benzoyl dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole-based hyperbranched polymers by direct arylation polymerization. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:135. [PMID: 29270833 PMCID: PMC5740055 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although poly(N-acyl dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole)s have attracted great attention as a new class of conducting polymers with highly stabilized energy levels, hyperbranched polymers based on this monomer type have not yet been studied. Thus, this work aims at the synthesis of novel hyperbranched polymers containing N-benzoyl dithieno[3,23,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole acceptor unit and 3-hexylthiophene donor moiety via the direct arylation polymerization method. Their structures, molecular weights and thermal properties were characterized via 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies, GPC, TGA, DSC and XRD measurements, and the optical properties were investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. RESULTS Hyperbranched conjugated polymers containing N-benzoyl dithieno[3,23,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole acceptor unit and 3-hexylthiophene donor moiety, linked with either triphenylamine or triphenylbenzene as branching unit, were obtained via direct arylation polymerization of the N-benzoyl dithieno[3,23,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole, 2,5-dibromo 3-hexylthiophene and tris(4-bromophenyl)amine (or 1,3,5-tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene) monomers. Organic solvent-soluble polymers with number-average molecular weights of around 18,000 g mol-1 were obtained in 80-92% yields. The DSC and XRD results suggested that the branching structure hindered the stacking of polymer chains, leading to crystalline domains with less ordered packing in comparison with the linear analogous polymers. The results revealed that the hyperbranched polymer with triphenylbenzene as the branching unit exhibited a strong red-shift of the maximum absorption wavelength, attributed to a higher polymer stacking order as a result of the planar structure of triphenylbenzene. CONCLUSION Both hyperbranched polymers with triphenylamine/triphenylbenzene as branching moieties exhibited high structural order in thin films, which can be promising for organic solar cell applications. The UV-vis absorption of the hyperbranched polymer containing triphenylbenzene as branching unit was red-shifted as compared with the triphenylamine-containing polymer, as a result of a higher chain packing degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Huu Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thu Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoan Minh Tran
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le-Thu T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Luu
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Tran Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Materials Technology Key Laboratory (Mtlab), Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
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48
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Jang YJ, Hwang SH, Choi TL. Iridium-Catalyzed Direct C−H Amidation Polymerization: Step-Growth Polymerization by C−N Bond Formation via C−H Activation to Give Fluorescent Polysulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Jang
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
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49
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Jang YJ, Hwang SH, Choi TL. Iridium-Catalyzed Direct C−H Amidation Polymerization: Step-Growth Polymerization by C−N Bond Formation via C−H Activation to Give Fluorescent Polysulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14474-14478. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Jang
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
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50
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Caron E, Wolf MO. Soluble Oligo- and Polythienyl Sulfides and Sulfones: Synthesis and Photophysics. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Caron
- Department of Chemistry,
2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael O. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry,
2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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