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Qu HC, Yang Y, Cui ZC, Wang D, Xue CD, Qin KR. Temperature-mediated diffusion of nanoparticles in semidilute polymer solutions. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1899-1906. [PMID: 37736676 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The temperature is often a critical factor affecting the diffusion of nanoparticles in complex physiological media, but its specific effects are still to be fully understood. Here, we constructed a temperature-regulated model of semidilute polymer solution and experimentally investigated the temperature-mediated diffusion of nanoparticles using the particle tracking method. By examining the ensemble-averaged mean square displacements (MSDs), we found that the MSD grows gradually as the temperature increases while the transition time from sublinear to linear stage in MSD decreases. Meanwhile, the temperature-dependent measured diffusivity of the nanoparticles shows an exponential growth. We revealed that these temperature-mediated changes are determined by the composite effect of the macroscale property of polymer solution and the microscale dynamics of polymer chain as well as nanoparticles. Furthermore, the measured non-Gaussian displacement probability distributions were found to exhibit non-Gaussian fat tails, and the tailed distribution is enhanced as the temperature increases. The non-Gaussianity was calculated and found to vary in the same trend with the tailed distribution, suggesting the occurrence of hopping events. This temperature-mediated non-Gaussian feature validates the recent theory of thermally induced activated hopping. Our results highlight the temperature-mediated changes in diffusive transport of nanoparticles in polymer solutions and may provide the possible strategy to improve drug delivery in physiological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chao Qu
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Cui
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Dong Xue
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
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2
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Fischer J, Han L, Saito T, Dadmun M. When does a macromolecule transition from a polymer chain to a nanoparticle? NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5164-5177. [PMID: 36504741 PMCID: PMC9680937 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00617k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frequently, the defining characteristic of a nanoparticle is simply its size, where objects that are 1-100 nm are characterized as nanoparticles. However, synthetic and biological macromolecules, in particular high molecular weight chains, can satisfy this size requirement without providing the same phenomena as one would expect from a nanoparticle. At the same time, soft polymer nanoparticles are important in a broad range of fields, including understanding protein folding, drug delivery, vitrimers, catalysis and nanomedicine. Moreover, the recent flourish of all polymer nanocomposites has led to the synthesis of soft all-polymer nanoparticles, which emerge from internal crosslinking of a macromolecule. Thus, there exists a transition of an internally crosslinked macromolecule from a polymer chain to a nanoparticle as the amount of internal crosslinks increases, where the polymer chain exhibits different behavior than the nanoparticle. Yet, this transition is not well understood. In this work, we seek to address this knowledge gap and determine the transition of a macromolecule from a polymer chain to a nanoparticle as internal crosslinking increases. In this work, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) offers insight into the structure of polystyrene and poly(ethyl hexyl methacrylate) nanostructures in dilute solutions, with crosslinking densities that vary from 0.1 to 10.7%. Analyses of the SANS data provides structural characteristics to classify a nanostructure as chain-like or particle-like and identify a crosslinking dependent transition between the two morphologies. It was found that for both types of polymeric nanostructures, a crosslinking density of 0.81% (∼ a crosslink for every 1 in 125 monomers) or higher exhibit clear particle-like behavior. Lower crosslinking density nanostructures showed amounts of collapse similar to that of a star polymer (0.1% XL) or a random walk polymer chain (0.4% XL). Thus, the transition of an internally crosslinked macromolecule from a polymer chain to a nanoparticle is not an abrupt transition but occurs via the gradual contraction of the chain with incorporated crosslinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Lu Han
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Mark Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
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3
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Liu L, Wu Z, Zheng Z, Zhou Q, Chen K, Yin P. Polymerization-induced microphase separation of polymer-polyoxometalate nanocomposites for anhydrous solid state electrolytes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Yavitt BM, Salatto D, Zhou Y, Huang Z, Endoh M, Wiegart L, Bocharova V, Ribbe AE, Sokolov AP, Schweizer KS, Koga T. Collective Nanoparticle Dynamics Associated with Bridging Network Formation in Model Polymer Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11501-11513. [PMID: 34128655 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) to polymers is a powerful method to improve the mechanical and other properties of macromolecular materials. Such hybrid polymer-particle systems are also rich in fundamental soft matter physics. Among several factors contributing to mechanical reinforcement, a polymer-mediated NP network is considered to be the most important in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Here, we present an integrated experimental-theoretical study of the collective NP dynamics in model PNCs using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and microscopic statistical mechanics theory. Silica NPs dispersed in unentangled or entangled poly(2-vinylpyridine) matrices over a range of NP loadings are used. Static collective structure factors of the NP subsystems at temperatures above the bulk glass transition temperature reveal the formation of a network-like microstructure via polymer-mediated bridges at high NP loadings above the percolation threshold. The NP collective relaxation times are up to 3 orders of magnitude longer than the self-diffusion limit of isolated NPs and display a rich dependence with observation wavevector and NP loading. A mode-coupling theory dynamical analysis that incorporates the static polymer-mediated bridging structure and collective motions of NPs is performed. It captures well both the observed scattering wavevector and NP loading dependences of the collective NP dynamics in the unentangled polymer matrix, with modest quantitative deviations emerging for the entangled PNC samples. Additionally, we identify an unusual and weak temperature dependence of collective NP dynamics, in qualitative contrast with the mechanical response. Hence, the present study has revealed key aspects of the collective motions of NPs connected by polymer bridges in contact with a viscous adsorbing polymer medium and identifies some outstanding remaining challenges for the theoretical understanding of these complex soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Yavitt
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Maya Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793, United States
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexander E Ribbe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kenneth S Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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5
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Cui W, You W, Sun Z, Yu W. Decoupled Polymer Dynamics in Weakly Attractive Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Silica Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Cui
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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6
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Venkatesh RB, Manohar N, Qiang Y, Wang H, Tran HH, Kim BQ, Neuman A, Ren T, Fakhraai Z, Riggleman RA, Stebe KJ, Turner K, Lee D. Polymer-Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films Using Capillarity-Based Techniques: Toward Multifunctional Coatings and Membranes. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:411-437. [PMID: 34097843 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101220-093836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) are a new class of nanocomposites that offer synergistic properties and functionality derived from unusually high fractions of nanomaterials. Recently, two versatile techniques,capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) and solvent-driven infiltration of polymer (SIP), have been introduced that exploit capillary forces in films of densely packed nanoparticles. In CaRI, a highly loaded PINF is produced by thermally induced wicking of polymer melt into the nanoparticle packing pores. In SIP, exposure of a polymer-nanoparticle bilayer to solvent vapor atmosphere induces capillary condensation of solvent in the pores of nanoparticle packing, leading to infiltration of polymer into the solvent-filled pores. CaRI/SIP PINFs show superior properties compared with polymer nanocomposite films made using traditional methods, including superb mechanical properties, thermal stability, heat transfer, and optical properties. This review discusses fundamental aspects of the infiltration process and highlights potential applications in separations, structural coatings, and polymer upcycling-a process to convert polymer wastes into useful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bharath Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Neha Manohar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Yiwei Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Hong Huy Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , , .,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Baekmin Q Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , , .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Anastasia Neuman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Tian Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Kevin Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
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7
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Khan RAA, Chen X, Qi HK, Huang JH, Luo MB. A novel shift in the glass transition temperature of polymer nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12216-12225. [PMID: 34009220 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the loading of nanoparticles on the glass transition temperature, Tg, of polymer nanocomposites is studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. Tg is estimated from the variation of system volume with temperature and the temperature-dependent diffusion of the polymer described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law. The estimated values of Tg from the two methods are consistent with each other. Results show that Tg can be regulated by changing the volume fraction of nanoparticles, fNP. A novel shift in Tg is observed, that is, Tg increases with fNP at fNP < , while it decreases with increasing fNP at fNP > . The basic mechanism behind the novel shift in Tg is the competition between the attraction of nanoparticles towards polymer chains and the fast diffusion of nanoparticles. The increase in Tg at low fNP is due to the attraction of nanoparticles, whereas the decrease in Tg at high fNP is attributed to the fast diffusion of nanoparticles. The diffusion of the polymer above Tg is also investigated. The diffusion of the polymer decreases with increasing fNP below and increases with fNP above , in agreement with the variation of Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Azhar Ashraaf Khan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xian Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hang-Kai Qi
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meng-Bo Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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8
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Skountzos EN, Tsalikis DG, Stephanou PS, Mavrantzas VG. Individual Contributions of Adsorbed and Free Chains to Microscopic Dynamics of Unentangled poly(ethylene Glycol)/Silica Nanocomposite Melts and the Important Role of End Groups: Theory and Simulation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N. Skountzos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Tsalikis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Pavlos S. Stephanou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Zhang B, Li J, Hu J, Liu L. Theory of polymer diffusion in polymer-nanoparticle mixtures: effect of nanoparticle concentration and polymer length. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4632-4642. [PMID: 33949610 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00226k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of polymer-nanoparticle (NP) mixtures, which involves multiple scales and system-specific variables, has posed a long-standing challenge on its theoretical description. In this paper, we construct a microscopic theory for polymer diffusion in mixtures based on a combination of the generalized Langevin equation, mode-coupling approach, and polymer physics ideas. The parameter-free theory has an explicit expression and remains tractable on a pair correlation level with system-specific equilibrium structures as input. Taking a minimal polymer-NP mixture as an example, our theory correctly captures the dependence of polymer diffusion on NP concentration and average interparticle distance. Importantly, the polymer diffusion exhibits a power law decay as the polymer length increases at dense NPs and/or a long chain, which marks the emergence of entanglement-like motion. The work provides a first-principles theoretical foundation to investigate dynamic problems in diverse polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Juanmei Hu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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10
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Bailey EJ, Riggleman RA, Winey KI. Polymer Conformations and Diffusion through a Monolayer of Confining Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Bailey EJ, Winey KI. Dynamics of polymer segments, polymer chains, and nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposite melts: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Bailey EJ, Griffin PJ, Composto RJ, Winey KI. Characterizing the Areal Density and Desorption Kinetics of Physically Adsorbed Polymer in Polymer Nanocomposite Melts. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Bailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Philip J. Griffin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Spiechowicz J, Łuczka J. Diffusion in a biased washboard potential revisited. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032123. [PMID: 32289947 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The celebrated Sutherland-Einstein relation for systems at thermal equilibrium states that spread of trajectories of Brownian particles is an increasing function of temperature. Here, we scrutinize the diffusion of underdamped Brownian motion in a biased periodic potential and analyze regimes in which a diffusion coefficient decreases with increasing temperature within a finite temperature window. Comprehensive numerical simulations of the corresponding Langevin equation performed with unprecedented resolution allow us to construct a phase diagram for the occurrence of the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient. We discuss the relation of the later effect with the phenomenon of giant diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spiechowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - J Łuczka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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14
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Zhang H, Sun DD, Peng Y, Huang JH, Luo MB. Diffusivity and glass transition of polymer chains in polymer nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23209-23216. [PMID: 31612882 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diffusivity and glass transition of polymer chains in polymer nanocomposites are studied by using dynamic Monte Carlo simulation. Nanoparticles are modeled as immobile and distributed in a cubic lattice in the system. The diffusion coefficient D of polymer chains is reduced, while the glass transition temperature Tg is increased by nanoparticles. Our results show that the effect of nanoparticles can be summarized as D = D0[1 - exp(-α·ID/2Rg)] and Tg = Tg,0[1 - exp(-α·ID/2Rg)]-1, with D0 and Tg,0 being the diffusion coefficient and the glass transition temperature in the absence of nanoparticles, Rg the radius of gyration of polymer chains, and ID the surface spacing between nearest-neighbor nanoparticles. The parameter α that governs the dynamics of polymer chains decreases with increasing nanoparticles' size or decreasing the temperature. Our results also show that smaller nanoparticles exert a stronger influence on the polymer dynamics at the same concentration of nanoparticles, whereas larger nanoparticles show a stronger effect at the same ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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15
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Senses E, Narayanan S, Faraone A. Nanoscale Particle Motion Reveals Polymer Mobility Gradient in Nanocomposites. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:558-562. [PMID: 35619363 PMCID: PMC11132598 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymer mobility near nanoparticle surfaces has been extensively discussed; however, direct experimental observation in the nanocomposite melts has been a difficult task. Here, by taking advantage of large dynamical asymmetry between the miscible matrix and surface-bound polymers, we highlighted their interphases and studied the resulting effect on the nanoparticle relaxation using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The local mobility gradient is signified by an unprecedented increase in the relaxation time at length scales on the order of polymer radius of gyration. The effect is accompanied by a transition from simple diffusive to subdiffusive behavior in accord with viscous and entangled dynamics of polymers in the matrix and in the interphase, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the nanoparticle-induced polymer mobility changes in the interphases of nanocomposite melts can be extracted from the length-scale-dependent slow particle motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Senses
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Antonio Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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16
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Karatrantos A, Composto RJ, Winey KI, Kröger M, Clarke N. Modeling of Entangled Polymer Diffusion in Melts and Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E876. [PMID: 31091725 PMCID: PMC6571671 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concerns modeling studies of the fundamental problem of entangled (reptational) homopolymer diffusion in melts and nanocomposite materials in comparison to experiments. In polymer melts, the developed united atom and multibead spring models predict an exponent of the molecular weight dependence to the polymer diffusion very similar to experiments and the tube reptation model. There are rather unexplored parameters that can influence polymer diffusion such as polymer semiflexibility or polydispersity, leading to a different exponent. Models with soft potentials or slip-springs can estimate accurately the tube model predictions in polymer melts enabling us to reach larger length scales and simulate well entangled polymers. However, in polymer nanocomposites, reptational polymer diffusion is more complicated due to nanoparticle fillers size, loading, geometry and polymer-nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
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17
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Martin HJ, White BT, Yuan G, Saito T, Dadmun MD. Relative Size of the Polymer and Nanoparticle Controls Polymer Diffusion in All-Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Halie J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - B. Tyler White
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- University of Georgetown, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Mark D. Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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18
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Bailey EJ, Griffin PJ, Composto RJ, Winey KI. Multiscale Dynamics of Small, Attractive Nanoparticles and Entangled Polymers in Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Bailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Philip J. Griffin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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19
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Wang M, Dheressa E, Brown KA, Green MD. Effect of Crosslinker Length and Architecture on the Thermomechanical Properties of CNT-Loaded Elastomeric Polymer Matrix Composites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800091. [PMID: 29675981 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An evolving understanding of elastomeric polymer nanocomposites continues to expand commercial, defense, and industrial products and applications. This work explores the thermomechanical properties of elastomeric nanocomposites prepared from bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and three amine-terminated poly(propylene oxides) (Jeffamines). The Jeffamines investigated include difunctional crosslinkers with molecular weights of 2000 and 4000 g mol-1 and a trifunctional crosslinker with a molecular weight of 3000 g mol-1 . Additionally, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added, up to 1.25 wt%, to each thermoset. The findings indicate that the T g and storage modulus of the polymer nanocomposites can be controlled independently within narrow concentration windows, and that effects observed following CNT incorporation are dependent on the crosslinker molecular weight. Finally, the impact of crosslinker length and architecture as well as CNT addition on the molecular weight between crosslink points in the glassy and rubbery states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ermias Dheressa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kristen A Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Matthew D Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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20
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Jasna VC, Anilkumar T, Ramesan MT. Nanocomposite materials based on zinc sulfide nanoparticles reinforced chlorinated styrene butadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. C. Jasna
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O.; Malappuram 673 635 Kerala India
| | - T. Anilkumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O.; Malappuram 673 635 Kerala India
| | - M. T. Ramesan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O.; Malappuram 673 635 Kerala India
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21
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Hor JL, Wang H, Fakhraai Z, Lee D. Effects of polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers under extreme nanoconfinement during capillary rise infiltration. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2438-2446. [PMID: 29442118 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore the effect of confinement and polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers undergoing capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) in dense packings of nanoparticles. In CaRI, a polymer is thermally induced to wick into the dense packings of nanoparticles, leading to the formation of polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films, a new class of thin film nanocomposites with extremely high concentrations of nanoparticles. To understand the effect of this extreme nanoconfinement, as well as polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the polymer viscosity in CaRI films, we use two polymers that are known to have very different interactions with SiO2 nanoparticles. Using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, we monitor the polymer infiltration process, from which we infer the polymer viscosity based on the Lucas-Washburn model. Our results suggest that physical confinement increases the viscosity by approximately two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, confinement also increases the glass transition temperature of both polymers. Thus, under extreme nanoconfinement, the physical confinement has a more significant impact than the polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers, measured through infiltration dynamics, as well as the glass transition temperature. These findings will provide fundamental frameworks for designing processes to enable the fabrication of CaRI nanocomposite films with a wide range of nanoparticles and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyo Lyn Hor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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22
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Senses E, Narayanan S, Mao Y, Faraone A. Nanoscale Particle Motion in Attractive Polymer Nanocomposites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:237801. [PMID: 29286700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.237801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we examined the slow nanoscale motion of silica nanoparticles individually dispersed in an entangled poly (ethylene oxide) melt at particle volume fractions up to 42%. The nanoparticles, therefore, serve as both fillers for the resulting attractive polymer nanocomposites and probes for the network dynamics therein. The results show that the particle relaxation closely follows the mechanical reinforcement in the nanocomposites only at the intermediate concentrations below the critical value for the chain confinement. Quite unexpectedly, the relaxation time of the particles does not further slow down at higher volume fractions-when all chains are practically on the nanoparticle interface-and decouples from the elastic modulus of the nanocomposites that further increases orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Senses
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8562 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742-2115 USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yimin Mao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8562 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742-2115 USA
| | - Antonio Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8562 USA
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23
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Rissanou AN, Papananou H, Petrakis VS, Doxastakis M, Andrikopoulos KS, Voyiatzis GA, Chrissopoulou K, Harmandaris V, Anastasiadis SH. Structural and Conformational Properties of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Silica Nanocomposites: Effect of Confinement. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellen Papananou
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas,
P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas,
P.O. Box 1414, 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - George A. Voyiatzis
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas,
P.O. Box 1414, 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Kiriaki Chrissopoulou
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas,
P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute
of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Spiros H. Anastasiadis
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas,
P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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24
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Jiao GS, Qian HJ, Lu ZY. Temperature induced transition from acceleration to deceleration of the diffusion of polymers by soft nanoparticles in their composite. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Karatrantos A, Composto RJ, Winey KI, Clarke N. Polymer and spherical nanoparticle diffusion in nanocomposites. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203331. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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26
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Choi J, Clarke N, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Polymer Diffusion from Attractive and Athermal Substrates. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Choi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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27
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Spiechowicz J, Kostur M, Łuczka J. Brownian ratchets: How stronger thermal noise can reduce diffusion. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:023111. [PMID: 28249406 DOI: 10.1063/1.4976586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study diffusion properties of an inertial Brownian motor moving on a ratchet substrate, i.e., a periodic structure with broken reflection symmetry. The motor is driven by an unbiased time-periodic symmetric force that takes the system out of thermal equilibrium. For selected parameter sets, the system is in a non-chaotic regime in which we can identify a non-monotonic dependence of the diffusion coefficient on temperature: for low temperature, it initially increases as the temperature grows, passes through its local maximum, next starts to diminish reaching its local minimum, and finally it monotonically increases in accordance with the Einstein linear relation. Particularly interesting is the temperature interval in which diffusion is suppressed by the thermal noise, and we explain this effect in terms of transition rates of a three-state stochastic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Spiechowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kostur
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Łuczka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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28
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Sheikhi A, van de Ven TGM. Squishy nanotraps: hybrid cellulose nanocrystal-zirconium metallogels for controlled trapping of biomacromolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8747-8750. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02844j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A brick-and-mortar-like ultrasoft nanocomposite metallogel is formed by crosslinking cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC) to trap and reconfigure dextran, a model biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sheikhi
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- Pulp and Paper Research Centre
- McGill University
- Montreal
| | - T. G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- Pulp and Paper Research Centre
- McGill University
- Montreal
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29
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Huang XW, Peng Y, Huang JH, Luo MB. A study on the diffusivity of polymers in crowded environments with periodically distributed nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29975-29983. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel diffusion behaviors of polymers at low temperature: a minimum at an intermediate inter-particle distance and oscillation with polymer length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Meng-Bo Luo
- Department of Physics
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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