1
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Aswale S, Kim M, Kim D, Mohanty AK, Jeon HB, Cho HY, Paik HJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Spirocyclic Mid-Block Containing Triblock Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071677. [PMID: 37050292 PMCID: PMC10097252 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers containing cyclic derivatives are a new class of macromolecular topologies with unique properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of a triblock copolymer containing a spirocyclic mid-block. To achieve this, a spirocyclic polystyrene (cPS) mid-block was first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a tetra-functional initiator, followed by end-group azidation and a copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The resulting functional cPS was purified using liquid chromatography techniques. Following the esterification of cPS, a macro-ATRP initiator was obtained and used to synthesize a poly (methyl methacrylate)-block-cPS-block-poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-cPS-b-PMMA) triblock copolymer. This work provides a synthetic strategy for the preparation of a spirocyclic macroinitiator for the ATRP technique and as well as liquid chromatographic techniques for the purification of (spiro) cyclic polymers.
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2
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Ma C, Quan Y, Zhang J, Sun R, Zhao Q, He X, Liao X, Xie M. Efficient Synthesis and Cyclic Molecular Topology of Ultralarge-Sized Bicyclic and Tetracyclic Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Quan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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4
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Xie M, Ma C, Quan Y, Sun R, Song W, Liao X. Synthesis of conjugated segments-based cyclic polymers for direct imaging of cyclic molecular topology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4340-4343. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polyacetylene-based monocyclic and bicyclic polymers were synthesized by blocking-cyclization metathesis polymerization using the short ladderphanes as the intial motif and multi-cyclizing unit, and fully characterized to elucidate the cyclic...
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5
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Understanding the thermal-annealing-generated stable structure of phthalocyanine derivative/polymer bicomponent systems through scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Hicks GEJ, Li S, Obhi NK, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Seferos DS. Programmable Assembly of π-Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006287. [PMID: 34085725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated polymers have numerous applications due to their advantageous optoelectronic and mechanical properties. These properties depend intrinsically on polymer ordering, including crystallinity, orientation, morphology, domain size, and π-π interactions. Programming, or deliberately controlling the composition and ordering of π-conjugated polymers by well-defined inputs, is a key facet in the development of organic electronics. Here, π-conjugated programming is described at each stage of material development, stressing the links between each programming mode. Covalent programming is performed during polymer synthesis such that complex architectures can be constructed, which direct polymer assembly by governing polymer orientation, π-π interactions, and morphological length-scales. Solution programming is performed in a solvated state as polymers dissolve, aggregate, crystallize, or react in solution. Solid-state programming occurs in the solid state and is governed by polymer crystallization, domain segregation, or gelation. Recent progress in programming across these stages is examined, highlighting order-dependent features and assembly techniques that are unique to π-conjugated polymers. This should serve as a guide for delineating the many ways of directing π-conjugated polymer assembly to control ordering, structure, and function, enabling the further development of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sheng Li
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nimrat K Obhi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charles N Jarrett-Wilkins
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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7
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Hallani RK, Paulsen BD, Petty AJ, Sheelamanthula R, Moser M, Thorley KJ, Sohn W, Rashid RB, Savva A, Moro S, Parker JP, Drury O, Alsufyani M, Neophytou M, Kosco J, Inal S, Costantini G, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. Regiochemistry-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance Enhancement in Ethylene Glycol-Functionalized Polythiophenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11007-11018. [PMID: 34192463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel p-type semiconducting polymers that can facilitate ion penetration, and operate in accumulation mode are much desired in bioelectronics. Glycol side chains have proven to be an efficient method to increase bulk electrochemical doping and optimize aqueous swelling. One early polymer which exemplifies these design approaches was p(g2T-TT), employing a bithiophene-co-thienothiophene backbone with glycol side chains in the 3,3' positions of the bithiophene repeat unit. In this paper, the analogous regioisomeric polymer, namely pgBTTT, was synthesized by relocating the glycol side chains position on the bithiophene unit of p(g2T-TT) from the 3,3' to the 4,4' positions and compared with the original p(g2T-TT). By changing the regio-positioning of the side chains, the planarizing effects of the S-O interactions were redistributed along the backbone, and the influence on the polymer's microstructure organization was investigated using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The newly designed pgBTTT exhibited lower backbone disorder, closer π-stacking, and higher scattering intensity in both the in-plane and out-of-plane GIWAXS measurements. The effect of the improved planarity of pgBTTT manifested as higher hole mobility (μ) of 3.44 ± 0.13 cm2 V-1 s-1. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was in agreement with the GIWAXS measurements and demonstrated, for the first time, that glycol side chains can also facilitate intermolecular interdigitation analogous to that of pBTTT. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation of energy (eQCM-D) measurements revealed that pgBTTT maintains a more rigid structure than p(g2T-TT) during doping, minimizing molecular packing disruption and maintaining higher hole mobility in operation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad K Hallani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anthony J Petty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rajendar Sheelamanthula
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Wonil Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Reem B Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefania Moro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Joseph P Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Oscar Drury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Maryam Alsufyani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marios Neophytou
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Kosco
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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8
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Fu C, Mikšátko J, Assies L, Vrkoslav V, Orlandi S, Kalbáč M, Kovaříček P, Zeng X, Zhou B, Muccioli L, Perepichka DF, Orgiu E. Surface-Confined Macrocyclization via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2956-2965. [PMID: 32068388 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined synthesis is a promising approach to build complex molecular nanostructures including macrocycles. However, despite the recent advances in on-surface macrocyclization under ultrahigh vacuum, selective synthesis of monodisperse and multicomponent macrocycles remains a challenge. Here, we report on an on-surface formation of [6 + 6] Schiff-base macrocycles via dynamic covalent chemistry. The macrocycles form two-dimensional crystalline domains on the micrometer scale, enabled by dynamic conversion of open-chain oligomers into well-defined ∼3.0 nm hexagonal macrocycles. We further show that by tailoring the length of the alkyl substituents, it is possible to control which of three possible products-oligomers, macrocycles, or polymers-will form at the surface. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy imaging combined with density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations unravel the synergistic effect of surface confinement and solvent in leading to preferential on-surface macrocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Fu
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
- INRS, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Centre, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Jiří Mikšátko
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Lea Assies
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 166 10 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale " Toso Montanari ", Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kovaříček
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale " Toso Montanari ", Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- INRS, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Centre, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
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9
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Oldroyd NL, Chitnis SS, Annibale VT, Arz MI, Sparkes HA, Manners I. Metal-free dehydropolymerisation of phosphine-boranes using cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes as hydrogen acceptors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1370. [PMID: 30914640 PMCID: PMC6435733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The divalent carbene carbon centre in cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) is known to exhibit transition-metal-like insertion into E-H σ-bonds (E = H, N, Si, B, P, C, O) with formation of new, strong C-E and C-H bonds. Although subsequent transformations of the products represent an attractive strategy for metal-free synthesis, few examples have been reported. Herein we describe the dehydrogenation of phosphine-boranes, RR'PH·BH3, using a CAAC, which behaves as a stoichiometric hydrogen acceptor to release monomeric phosphinoboranes, [RR'PBH2], under mild conditions. The latter species are transient intermediates that either polymerise to the corresponding polyphosphinoboranes, [RR'PBH2]n (R = Ph; R' = H, Ph or Et), or are trapped in the form of CAAC-phosphinoborane adducts, CAAC·H2BPRR' (R = R' = tBu; R = R' = Mes). In contrast to previously established methods such as transition metal-catalysed dehydrocoupling, which only yield P-monosubstituted polymers, [RHPBH2]n, the CAAC-mediated route also provides access to P-disubstituted polymers, [RR'PBH2]n (R = Ph; R' = Ph or Et).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Oldroyd
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Vincent T Annibale
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Marius I Arz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Hazel A Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada.
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10
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Manion JG, Panchuk JR, Seferos DS. Applying Heteroatom Substitution in Organic Photovoltaics. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1113-1122. [PMID: 30793821 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) has been a central focus of research on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for well over a decade. Due to their controlled synthesis P3ATs have proven to be a vital model system for developing an understanding of the effects of polymer structure on optoelectronic properties and blend morphology in bulk heterojunction OPVs. Similar to their thiophene counterparts, selenophene and tellurophene can be polymerized in a controlled manner. As single atom substitution results in significant differences in absorption, charge transport and self-assembly these model systems provide a unique opportunity to probe fundamental structure-property relationships. In this account, we provide an overview of our work on copolymers of thiophene and selenophene and examine how the optoelectronic and morphological behavior of these materials can be strategically adjusted through polymer design. We also highlight recent developments on poly(3-alkyltellurophene) and comment on its future in fundamental and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Manion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
| | - Jenny R Panchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3E5
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11
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Yamamoto T, Hosokawa M, Nakamura M, Sato SI, Isono T, Tajima K, Satoh T, Sato M, Tezuka Y, Saeki A, Kikkawa Y. Synthesis, Isolation, and Properties of All Head-to-Tail Cyclic Poly(3-hexylthiophene): Fully Delocalized Exciton over the Defect-Free Ring Polymer. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masamichi Sato
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho,
Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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12
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Fu W, Dong L, Shi J, Tong B, Cai Z, Zhi J, Dong Y. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethene–ketone–arylene–ketone)s containing pendant methylthio groups via metal-free catalyzed copolymerization of aryldiynes with DMSO. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free copolymerization of aryldiynes with DMSO as a monomer gave polyeneketones in good yields and high molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Lichao Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Junge Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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13
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Fan Q, Wang T, Dai J, Kuttner J, Hilt G, Gottfried JM, Zhu J. On-Surface Pseudo-High-Dilution Synthesis of Macrocycles: Principle and Mechanism. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5070-5079. [PMID: 28419801 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles have attracted much attention due to their specific "endless" topology, which results in extraordinary properties compared to related linear (open-chain) molecules. However, challenges still remain in their controlled synthesis with well-defined constitution and geometry. Here, we report the successful application of the (pseudo-)high-dilution method to the conditions of on-surface synthesis in ultrahigh vacuum. This approach leads to high yields (up to 84%) of cyclic hyperbenzene ([18]-honeycombene) via an Ullmann-type reaction from 4,4″-dibromo-meta-terphenyl (DMTP) as precursor on a Ag(111) surface. The mechanism of macrocycle formation was explored in detail using scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We propose that the dominant pathway for hyperbenzene (MTP)6 formation is the stepwise desilverization of an organometallic (MTP-Ag)6 macrocycle, which forms via cyclization of (MTP-Ag)6 chains under pseudo-high-dilution conditions. The high probability of cyclization on the stage of the organometallic phase results from the reversibility of the C-Ag bond. The case is different from that in solution, in which cyclization typically occurs on the stage of a covalently bonded open-chain precursor. This difference in the cyclization mechanism on a surface compared to that in solution stems mainly from the 2D confinement exerted by the surface template, which hinders the flipping of chain segments necessary for cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitang Fan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Dai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Julian Kuttner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
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14
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Delbosc N, De Winter J, Moins S, Persoons A, Dubois P, Coulembier O. Macrocyclic P3HT Obtained by Intramolecular McMurry Coupling of Linear Bis-Aldehyde Polymer: A Direct Comparison with Linear Homologue. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - André Persoons
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Box 2425, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- National
Composite Center-Luxembourg, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4 rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
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15
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Hall AO, Lee SR, Bootsma AN, Bloom JWG, Wheeler SE, McNeil AJ. Reactive ligand influence on initiation in phenylene catalyst-transfer polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana O. Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program; University of Michigan; 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Se Ryeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program; University of Michigan; 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Andrea N. Bootsma
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; PO Box 30012 College Station Texas 77842-3012
| | - Jacob W. G. Bloom
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; PO Box 30012 College Station Texas 77842-3012
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; PO Box 30012 College Station Texas 77842-3012
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program; University of Michigan; 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1055
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