1
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Dalakouras A, Koidou V, Papadopoulou K. DsRNA-based pesticides: Considerations for efficiency and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141530. [PMID: 38401868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In view of the ongoing climate change and the ever-growing world population, novel agricultural solutions are required to ensure sustainable food supply. Microbials, natural substances, semiochemicals and double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are all considered potential low risk pesticides. DsRNAs function at the molecular level, targeting specific regions of specific genes of specific organisms, provided that they share a minimal sequence complementarity of approximately 20 nucleotides. Thus, dsRNAs may offer a great alternative to conventional chemicals in environmentally friendly pest control strategies. Any low-risk pesticide needs to be efficient and exhibit low toxicological potential and low environmental persistence. Having said that, in the current review, the mode of dsRNA action is explored and the parameters that need to be taken into consideration for the development of efficient dsRNA-based pesticides are highlighted. Moreover, since dsRNAs mode of action differs from those of synthetic pesticides, custom-made risk assessment schemes may be required and thus, critical issues related to the risk assessment of dsRNA pesticides are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venetia Koidou
- ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Larissa, Greece; University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliope Papadopoulou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
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2
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Pugsley CE, Isaac RE, Warren NJ, Stacey M, Ferguson CTJ, Cappelle K, Dominguez-Espinosa R, Cayre OJ. Effective delivery and selective insecticidal activity of double-stranded RNA via complexation with diblock copolymer varies with polymer block composition. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:669-677. [PMID: 37759365 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical insecticides are an important tool to control damaging pest infestations. However, lack of species specificity, the rise of resistance and the demand for biological alternatives with improved ecotoxicity profiles means that chemicals with new modes of action are required. RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategies using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a species-specific bio-insecticide offer an exquisite solution that addresses these issues. Many species, such as the fruit pest Drosophila suzukii, do not exhibit RNAi when dsRNA is orally administered due to degradation by gut nucleases and slow cellular uptake pathways. Thus, delivery vehicles that protect and deliver dsRNA are highly desirable. RESULTS In this work, we demonstrate the complexation of D. suzukii-specific dsRNA for degradation of vha26 mRNA with bespoke diblock copolymers. We study the ex vivo protection of dsRNA against enzymatic degradation by gut enzymes, which demonstrates the efficiency of this system. Flow cytometry then investigates the cellular uptake of Cy3-labelled dsRNA, showing a 10-fold increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of cells treated with polyplexes. The polymer/dsRNA polyplexes induced a significant 87% decrease in the odds of survival of D. suzukii larvae following oral feeding only when formed with a diblock copolymer containing a long neutral block length (1:2 cationic block/neutral block). However, there was no toxicity when fed to the closely related Drosophila melanogaster. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that dsRNA complexation with diblock copolymers is a promising strategy for RNAi-based species-specific pest control, but optimisation of polymer composition is essential for RNAi success. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Pugsley
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Stacey
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Calum T J Ferguson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kaat Cappelle
- Syngenta Ghent Innovation Center, Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier J Cayre
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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3
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Correia JS, Mirón-Barroso S, Hutchings C, Ottaviani S, Somuncuoğlu B, Castellano L, Porter AE, Krell J, Georgiou TK. How does the polymer architecture and position of cationic charges affect cell viability? Polym Chem 2023; 14:303-317. [PMID: 36760606 PMCID: PMC9846193 DOI: 10.1039/d2py01012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer chemistry, composition and molar mass are factors that are known to affect cytotoxicity, however the influence of polymer architecture has not been investigated systematically. In this study the influence of the position of the cationic charges along the polymer chain on cytotoxicity was investigated while keeping constant the other polymer characteristics. Specifically, copolymers of various architectures, based on a cationic pH responsive monomer, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and a non-ionic hydrophilic monomer, oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) were engineered and their toxicity towards a panel of cell lines investigated. Of the seven different polymer architectures examined, the block-like structures were less cytotoxic than statistical or gradient/tapered architectures. These findings will assist in developing future vectors for nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Ottaviani
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG11 8NSUK,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM)London W12 0NNUK
| | | | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM)London W12 0NNUK,School of Life Sciences, John Maynard Smith Building, University of SussexBrightonUK
| | | | - Jonathan Krell
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College LondonUK
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4
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Fortenberry A, Mohammad SA, Werfel TA, Smith AE. Comparative Investigation of the Hydrolysis of Charge-Shifting Polymers Derived from an Azlactone-Based Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200420. [PMID: 35820157 PMCID: PMC9780167 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (PVDMA) has received much attention as a "reactive platform" to prepare charge-shifting polycations via post-polymerization modification with tertiary amines that possess primary amine or hydroxyl reactive handles. Upon hydrolysis of the resulting amide or ester linkages, the polymers can undergo a gradual transition in net charge from cationic to anionic. Herein, a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis rate of PVDMA-derived charge-shifting polymers is described. PVDMA is modified with tertiary amines bearing either primary amine, hydroxyl, or thiol reactive handles. The resulting polymers possess tertiary amine side chains connected to the backbone via amide, ester, or thioester linkages. The hydrolysis rates of each PVDMA derivative are monitored at 25 and 50 °C at pH values of 5.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. While the hydrolysis rate of the amide-functionalized PVDMA is negligible over the period investigated, the hydrolysis rates of the ester- and thioester-functionalized PVDMA increase with increasing temperature and pH. Interestingly, the hydrolysis rate of the thioester-functionalized PVDMA appears to be more rapid than the ester-functionalized PVDMA at all pH values and temperatures investigated. It is believed that these results can be utilized to inform the future preparation of PVDMA-based charge-shifting polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Thomas A. Werfel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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5
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He L, Huang Y, Tang X. RNAi-based pest control: Production, application and the fate of dsRNA. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1080576. [PMID: 36524052 PMCID: PMC9744970 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1080576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitations of conventional pesticides have raised the demand for innovative and sustainable solutions for plant protection. RNA Interference (RNAi) triggered by dsRNA has evolved as a promising strategy to control insects in a species-specific manner. In this context, we review the methods for mass production of dsRNA, the approaches of exogenous application of dsRNA in the field, and the fate of dsRNA after application. Additionally, we describe the opportunities and challenges of using nanoparticles as dsRNA carriers to control insects. Furthermore, we provide future directions to improve pest management efficiency by utilizing the synergistic effects of multiple target genes. Meanwhile, the establishment of a standardized framework for assessment and regulatory consensus is critical to the commercialization of RNA pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanna Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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6
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Yang W, Wang B, Lei G, Chen G, Liu D. Advances in nanocarriers to improve the stability of dsRNA in the environment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:974646. [PMID: 36051593 PMCID: PMC9424858 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.974646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi technology, known as a revolutionary technology in the history of pesticides, has been identified as a very promising novel approach for crop protection, which is of great significance for achieving the sustainable agricultural development of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Although many studies have shown that RNA biopesticides have strong application prospects, its stability seriously restricts the commercial use. As the core component of RNAi, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is unstable in its natural form. Therefore, how to ensure the stability of dsRNA is one of the most significant challenges in realizing the commercial use of RNA biopesticides. Nanomaterials such as cationic polymers and lipofectamine can improve the stability of dsRNA in the environment, which has been proved. This paper reviews the recent research progress of nanomaterials that can be used to improve the environmental stability of dsRNA, and discusses the advantages and limitations of different nanomaterials combined with dsRNA, which provides reference for the selection of dsRNA nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dehai Liu
- *Correspondence: Dehai Liu, ; Guocan Chen,
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7
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Pugsley CE, Isaac RE, Warren NJ, Behra JS, Cappelle K, Dominguez-Espinosa R, Cayre OJ. Protection of Double-Stranded RNA via Complexation with Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers: Influence of Neutral Block Length in Biologically Relevant Environments. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2362-2373. [PMID: 35549247 PMCID: PMC9198985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Interaction between
the anionic phosphodiester backbone of DNA/RNA
and polycations can be exploited as a means of delivering genetic
material for therapeutic and agrochemical applications. In this work,
quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PQDMAEMA-b-PDMAm) double hydrophilic block copolymers
(DHBCs) were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation
chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization as nonviral delivery vehicles
for double-stranded RNA. The assembly of DHBCs and dsRNA forms distinct
polyplexes that were thoroughly characterized to establish a relationship
between the length of the uncharged poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)
(PDMA) block and the polyplex size, complexation efficiency, and colloidal
stability. Dynamic light scattering reveals the formation of smaller
polyplexes with increasing PDMA lengths, while gel electrophoresis
confirms that these polyplexes require higher N/P ratio for full complexation.
DHBC polyplexes exhibit enhanced stability in low ionic strength environments
in comparison to homopolymer-based polyplexes. In vitro enzymatic degradation assays demonstrate that both homopolymer and
DHBC polymers efficiently protect dsRNA from degradation by RNase
A enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Pugsley
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - R Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette S Behra
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kaat Cappelle
- Syngenta Ghent Innovation Center, Technologiepark 30, B-9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Rosa Dominguez-Espinosa
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, England
| | - Olivier J Cayre
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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8
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Algarni A, Pilkington EH, Suys EJA, Al-Wassiti H, Pouton CW, Truong NP. In vivo delivery of plasmid DNA by lipid nanoparticles: the influence of ionizable cationic lipids on organ-selective gene expression. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2940-2952. [PMID: 35475455 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionizable cationic lipids play a critical role in developing new gene therapies for various biomedical applications, including COVID-19 vaccines. However, it remains unclear whether the formulation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) using DLin-MC3-DMA, an optimized ionizable lipid clinically used for small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy, also facilitates high liver-selective transfection of other gene therapies such as plasmid DNA (pDNA). Here we report the first investigation into pDNA transfection efficiency in different mouse organs after intramuscular and intravenous administration of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) where DLin-MC3-DMA, DLin-KC2-DMA or DODAP are used as the ionizable cationic lipid component of the LNP. We discovered that these three benchmark lipids previously developed for siRNA delivery followed an unexpected characteristic rank order in gene expression efficiency when utilized for pDNA. In particular, DLin-KC2-DMA facilitated higher in vivo pDNA transfection than DLin-MC3-DMA and DODAP, possibly due to its head group pKa and lipid tail structure. Interestingly, LNPs formulated with either DLin-KC2-DMA or DLin-MC3-DMA exhibited significantly higher in vivo protein production in the spleen than in the liver. This work sheds light on the importance of the choice of ionizable cationic lipid and nucleic acid cargo for organ-selective gene expression. The study also provides a new design principle towards the formulation of more effective LNPs for biomedical applications of pDNA, such as gene editing, vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Algarni
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Emily H Pilkington
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Estelle J A Suys
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Hareth Al-Wassiti
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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9
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Shevtsov V, Hsin TY, Shieh YT. Preparation of amphiphilic copolymers via base-catalyzed hydrolysis of quaternized poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01697k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multi-stimuli-responsiveness of tertiary amine-containing polyacrylates makes them highly attractive for use in a wide range of applications. In the last decade, poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) has received exceptionally large attention...
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10
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Pugsley CE, Isaac RE, Warren NJ, Cayre OJ. Linear ABC amphiphilic triblock copolymers for complexation and protection of dsRNA. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis and characterisation of linear ABC triblock copolymers, investigation of their self-assembly in aqueous solution, and complexation with and protection of double stranded-RNA (dsRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Pugsley
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R. Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Olivier J. Cayre
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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11
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Chen M, Wang H, Guo H, Zhang Y, Chen L. Systematic Investigation of Biocompatible Cationic Polymeric Nucleic Acid Carriers for Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:85. [PMID: 35008249 PMCID: PMC8750096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-largest cause of cancer death worldwide, while immunotherapy is rapidly being developed to fight HCC with great potential. Nucleic acid drugs are the most important modulators in HCC immunotherapy. To boost the efficacy of therapeutics and amplify the efficiency of genetic materials, biocompatible polymers are commonly used. However, under the strong need of a summary for current developments of biocompatible polymeric nucleic acid carriers for immunotherapy of HCC, there is rare review article specific to this topic to our best knowledge. In this article, we will discuss the current progress of immunotherapy for HCC, biocompatible cationic polymers (BCPs) as nucleic acid carriers used (or potential) to fight HCC, the roles of biocompatible polymeric carriers for nucleic acid delivery, and nucleic acid delivery by biocompatible polymers for immunotherapy. At the end, we will conclude the review and discuss future perspectives. This article discusses biocompatible polymeric nucleic acid carriers for immunotherapy of HCC from multidiscipline perspectives and provides a new insight in this domain. We believe this review will be interesting to polymer chemists, pharmacists, clinic doctors, and PhD students in related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Hongying Guo
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
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12
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Bae S, Kim JS. Potential of Mean Force for DNA Wrapping Around a Cationic Nanoparticle. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7952-7961. [PMID: 34792353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sharp bending and wrapping of DNA around proteins and nanoparticles (NPs) has been of extensive research interest. Here, we present the potential of mean force (PMF) for wrapping a DNA double helix around a cationic NP using coarse-grained models of a double-stranded DNA and a cationic NP. Starting from a NP wrapped around by DNA, the PMF was calculated along the distance between the center of the NP and one end of the DNA molecule. A relationship between the distance and the extent of DNA wrapping is used to calculate the PMF as a function of DNA wrapping around a NP. In particular, the PMF was compared for two DNA sequences of (AT)25/(AT)25 and (AC)25/(GT)25, for which the persistence lengths are different by ∼10 nm. The simulation results provide solid evidence of the thermodynamic preference for complex formation of a cationic NP with more flexible DNA over the less flexible DNA. Furthermore, we estimated the elastic energy of DNA bending, which was in good order-of-magnitude agreement with the theoretical prediction of elastic rods. This work suggests that the variation of sequence-dependent DNA flexibility can be utilized in DNA nanotechnologies, in which the position and dynamics of NPs are regulated on large-scale DNA structures, or the structural transformation of DNA is triggered by the sequence-dependent binding of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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13
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Dietz-Pfeilstetter A, Mendelsohn M, Gathmann A, Klinkenbuß D. Considerations and Regulatory Approaches in the USA and in the EU for dsRNA-Based Externally Applied Pesticides for Plant Protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682387. [PMID: 34177998 PMCID: PMC8232971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing pest and pathogen challenges as well as having fewer conventional pesticides to employ require innovative and sustainable solutions for plant protection. One group of pesticides that is in the pipeline and is expected to be subject to regulation and risk assessment procedures in the near future, is based on the natural gene silencing mechanism RNA interference (RNAi). These dsRNA-based products can be highly specific for a target organism due to the sequence-specific interaction between effective small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and a complementary target RNA. General regulatory frameworks for pesticide authorization in the U.S. and in the EU are presented. In addition, production and application procedures and specific characteristics of dsRNA-based pesticides relevant for risk assessment and regulation are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mike Mendelsohn
- Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Achim Gathmann
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department of Plant Protection Products, Unit Environment, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominik Klinkenbuß
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department of Plant Protection Products, Unit Environment, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Ros S, Freitag JS, Smith DM, Stöver HDH. Charge-Shifting Polycations Based on N, N-(dimethylamino)ethyl Acrylate for Improving Cytocompatibility During DNA Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9114-9122. [PMID: 32363263 PMCID: PMC7191589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polycations are studied extensively as DNA delivery agents because of their ease of production, good chemical stability, and low cost relative to viral vectors. This report describes the synthesis of charge-shifting polycations based on N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA) and 3-aminopropylmethacryamide (APM), called PAD copolymers, and their use for in vitro DNA delivery into HeLa cells. PAD copolymers of varying compositions were prepared by RAFT polymerization to yield polymers of controlled molecular weights with low dispersities. Model hydrolysis studies were carried out to assess the rate of charge-shifting of the polycations by loss of the cationic dimethylaminoethanol side chains. They showed reduction in the net cationic charge by about 10-50% depending on composition after 2 days at pH 7, forming polyampholytes comprising permanent cationic groups, residual DMAEA, as well as anionic acrylic acid groups. HeLa cells exposed for 4 h to PAD copolymers with the greatest charge-shifting ability showed comparable or higher viability at high concentrations, relative to the noncharge shifting polycations PAPM and polyethyleneimine (PEI) 2 days post-exposure. Cell uptake efficiency of PAD/60bp-Cy3 DNA polyplexes at 2.5:1 N/P ratio was very high (>95%) for all compositions, exceeding the uptake efficiency of PEI polyplexes of equivalent composition. These results suggest that these PAD copolymers, and in particular PAD80 containing 80 mol % DMAEA, have suitable rates of charge-shifting hydrolysis for DNA delivery, as PAD80 showed reduced cytotoxicity at high concentrations, while still retaining high uptake efficiencies. In addition, the polyampholytes formed during DMAEA hydrolysis in PAD copolymers can offer enhanced long-term cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ros
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jessica S. Freitag
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - David M. Smith
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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15
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Ros S, Wang J, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. A Mechanistic Study of the Hydrolysis of Poly[N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylates] as Charge-Shifting Polycations. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jiexi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicholas A. D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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16
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Bachman P, Fischer J, Song Z, Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Watson G. Environmental Fate and Dissipation of Applied dsRNA in Soil, Aquatic Systems, and Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32117368 PMCID: PMC7016216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Two primary use patterns exist for dsRNA-based products for crop protection: in planta produced dsRNA such as in a genetically engineered (GE) crop; and topically applied dsRNA such as a spray application. To enable effective environmental risk assessments for these products, dsRNA must be successfully measured in relevant environmental compartments (soil, sediment, surface water) to provide information on potential exposure. This perspective reviews results from numerous environmental fate and degradation studies with topically applied unformulated dsRNAs to demonstrate the high lability of these molecules and low potential for persistence in the environment. Additionally, we report on results of a pilot study of topically applied dsRNA on soybean plants demonstrating similar rapid degradation under field conditions. Microbial degradation of nucleic acids in environmental compartments has been shown to be a key driver for this lack of persistence. In fact, the instability of dsRNA in the environment has posed a challenge for the development of commercial topically-applied products. Formulations or other approaches that mitigate environmental degradation may lead to development of commercially successful products but may change the known degradation kinetics of dsRNAs. The formulation of these products and the resultant impacts on the stability of the dsRNA in environmental compartments will need to be addressed using problem formulation and product formulation testing may be required on a case by case basis to ensure an effective risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bachman
- Science Organization, The Climate Corporation, Creve Coeur, MO, United States
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joshua Fischer
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Zihong Song
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | | | - Greg Watson
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
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17
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Bae Y, Thuy LT, Lee YH, Ko KS, Han J, Choi JS. Polyplexes of Functional PAMAM Dendrimer/Apoptin Gene Induce Apoptosis of Human Primary Glioma Cells In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E296. [PMID: 30960280 PMCID: PMC6419211 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient and safe gene delivery has become an important aspect of neuronal gene therapy. We evaluated the ability of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer grafted with phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine (PAMAM-FHR), a nonviral gene delivery vector, to deliver a therapeutic, tumor cell-specific killer gene, apoptin, into the human primary glioma cell line GBL-14 and human dermal fibroblasts. We performed a transfection assay using plasmids of luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and assessed cell viability. Both cell lines were treated with complexes of PAMAM-FHR and apoptin after which their intracellular uptake and localization were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Confocal microscopy showed that the PAMAM-FHR escaped from the endo-lysosome into the cytosol. Cell cycle phase distribution analysis, annexin V staining, and a tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) assay established that apoptin triggered apoptosis in the GBL-14 cell line but not in normal fibroblasts. These results indicated that the PAMAM-FHR/apoptin complex is an effective gene vehicle for cancer therapy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Le Thi Thuy
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Young Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Seoul 100-032, Korea.
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
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18
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Cook AB, Peltier R, Zhang J, Gurnani P, Tanaka J, Burns JA, Dallmann R, Hartlieb M, Perrier S. Hyperbranched poly(ethylenimine-co-oxazoline) by thiol–yne chemistry for non-viral gene delivery: investigating the role of polymer architecture. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of long-chain hyperbranched poly(ethylenimine-co-oxazoline)s by AB2 thiol–yne chemistry is reported, and their application as pDNA transfection agents studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | | | - Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - James A. Burns
- Syngenta
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre
- Bracknell
- Berkshire
- UK
| | | | | | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
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19
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Prasher A, Hu H, Tanaka J, Nicewicz DA, You W. Alcohol mediated degenerate chain transfer controlled cationic polymerisation of para-alkoxystyrene. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this report we demonstrate methanol as an effective degenerative chain transfer agent to control the cationic polymerisation (initiated by triflic acid) of electron rich p-alkoxy-styrenes, such as p-methoxystyrene (p-MOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Prasher
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Huamin Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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20
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Aksakal S, Beyer VP, Aksakal R, Becer CR. Copper mediated RDRP of thioacrylates and their combination with acrylates and acrylamides. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl thioacrylate was polymerised via Cu-RDRP and subjected to amidation to obtain the first “all-acrylic” copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Valentin P. Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
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21
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Yan X, Li J, Ren T. Synthesis of well-defined star, star-block, and miktoarm star biodegradable polymers based on PLLA and PCL by one-pot azide–alkyne click reaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29464-29475. [PMID: 35547998 PMCID: PMC9084564 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the “arm-first” strategy, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and one-pot azide–alkyne click reaction, well-defined star-shaped polymers with different architectures have been successfully synthesized, including the star homopolymers four-arm star-shaped polycaprolactone (4sPCL) and four-arm star-shaped poly(l-lactic acid) (4sPLLA), star-block copolymer 4sPCL-b-PLLA and miktoarm star-shaped copolymer PCL2PLLA2. The star homopolymers 4sPCL and 4sPLLA were synthesized by a click reaction of an azide small molecule initiator and HC
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C-PCL or HCC-PLLA. The star-block copolymer 4sPCL-b-PLLA was synthesized by a click reaction of an azide small molecule initiator and the block copolymer HCC-PCL-b-PLLA. The miktoarm star polymer PCL2PLLA2 was synthesized by a one-pot azide–alkyne click reaction of simultaneous addition of equal proportions of HCC-PCL and HCC-PLLA. The structures of these star-shaped polymers have been confirmed by NMR, FT-IR and GPC. Furthermore, the melting and crystallization behaviors investigated using DSC and WXRD also confirm the formation of star-shaped polymers with different architectures. Star, star-block, and miktoarm star biodegradable polymers were synthesized by an “arm-first” strategy, ring-opening polymerization and one-pot azide-alkyne click reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yan
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Tongji University
| | - Jianbo Li
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Tongji University
| | - Tianbin Ren
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Tongji University
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