1
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Zhang T, Wu Z, Ng G, Boyer C. Design of an Oxygen-Tolerant Photo-RAFT System for Protein-Polymer Conjugation Achieving High Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309582. [PMID: 37591792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates have significant potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. To enable their widespread use, robust conjugation techniques are crucial. This study introduces a photo-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (Photo-RAFT) polymerization system that exhibits excellent oxygen tolerance. This system allows for the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates with high bioactivity under mild and aerobic conditions. Three photocatalytic systems utilizing Eosin Y (EY) as the photocatalyst with two different cocatalysts (ascorbic acid and triethanolamine) were investigated, each generating distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The impact of these ROS on three model proteins (lysozyme, albumin, and myoglobin) was evaluated, demonstrating varying bioactivities based on the ROS produced. The EY/TEOA system was identified as the optimal photo-RAFT initiating system, enabling the preparation of protein-polymer conjugates under aerobic conditions while maintaining high protein enzymatic activity. To showcase the potential of this approach, lysozyme-poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) conjugates were successfully prepared and exhibited enhanced antimicrobial property against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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2
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Ou Y, Zhu D. Enlarged pore of worm mesoporous silica nanoparticles improves anti-inflammatory drug absorption. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2475-2486. [PMID: 36940080 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Searching for an effective pore-enlarging agent to form mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with a creative surface frame is of great importance. Herein, several polymers were attempted to be pore-enlarging agents to form seven types of worm mesoporous silica nanoparticles (W-MSN) and analgesic indometacin that exerted functions on inflammatory diseases (breast disease, arthrophlogosis, etc.) was studied to enhance its delivery efficiency. The porous morphology differences between MSN and W-MSN were that MSN had independent mesopores while the enlarged mesopores of W-MSN were interrelated and shaped as a worm. Among all these W-MSN, WG-MSN templated by hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate succinate HG with the highest drug-loading capacity (24.78%), shortest loading time (10 h), drug dissolution improvement of almost 4 times compared to that of the raw drug, and highest bioavailability (5.48 times higher than that of raw drug and 1.52 times higher than that of MSN) was an outstanding drug carrier and can shoulder the mission to deliver drugs with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Demiao Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Lorandi F, Fantin M, Matyjaszewski K. Atom transfer radical polymerization in dispersed media with low-ppm catalyst loading. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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4
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Controlling Radical Polymerization with Biocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Yang S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Combining Green Light-Activated Photoiniferter RAFT Polymerization and RAFT Dispersion Polymerization for Graft Copolymer Assemblies. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Yang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Wu J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Linear and Star Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared by Heterogeneous RAFT Polymerization Using an ω,ω-Heterodifunctional Macro-RAFT Agent. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:910-918. [PMID: 35793539 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an ω,ω-heterodifunctional macromolecular reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (macro-RAFT) agent containing two different RAFT end groups was synthesized and employed to mediate aqueous photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization of a methacrylic monomer. Because of the different RAFT controllability of two RAFT end groups toward methacrylic monomers, the RAFT end group with good controllability dominated the polymerization while the other RAFT end group with poor controllability was unreacted, leading to the formation of linear block copolymers. Because of the unique structure of the linear block copolymers, a diverse set of block copolymer nanoparticles with rich RAFT groups at the interface of the hydrophilic corona/the hydrophobic core were successfully prepared. Finally, μ-A(BC)C miktoarm star block copolymer nanoparticles were prepared by RAFT seeded emulsion polymerization of an acrylic monomer, which enables the further morphological control over polymer nanoparticles. We believe that the utilization of an ω,ω-heterodifunctional macro-RAFT agent in heterogeneous RAFT polymerization will offer considerable opportunities for the rational synthesis of well-defined molecular architectures and polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Wu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
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8
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Grishin ID. New Approaches to Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Their Realization in the Synthesis of Functional Polymers and Hybrid Macromolecular Structures. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202033. [PMID: 35212121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis has been increasingly utilized in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) on account of its mildness, efficiency, and sustainability. In this Minireview we discuss the key roles enzymes play in RDRP, including their ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities. We use selected examples to highlight applications of Enz-RDRP in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis. We also give our reflections on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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10
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Xie PC, Guo XQ, Yang FQ, Xu N, Chen YY, Wang XQ, Wang H, Yong YC. Cytochrome C catalyzed oxygen tolerant atom-transfer radical polymerization. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:41. [PMID: 38647739 PMCID: PMC10992558 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a well-known technique for controlled polymer synthesis. However, the ATRP usually employed toxic heavy metal ionas as the catalyst and was susceptible to molecular oxygen, which made it should be conducted under strictly anoxic condition. Conducting ATRP under ambient and biocompatible conditions is the major challenge. In this study, cytochrome C was explored as an efficient biocatalyst for ATRP under biocompatible conditions. The cytochrome C catalyzed ATRP showed a relatively low polymer dispersity index of 1.19. More interestingly, the cytochrome C catalyzed ATRP showed superior oxygen resistance as it could be performed under aerobic conditions with high dissolved oxygen level. Further analysis suggested that the Fe(II) embed in the cytochrome C might serve as the catalytic center and methyl radical was responsible for the ATRP catalysis. This work explored new biocompatible catalyst for aerobic ATRP, which might open new dimension for practical ATRP and application of cytochrome C protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xue-Qing Guo
- Joint Institute of Jiangsu University-Hongrun Tech, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fu-Qiao Yang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xing-Qiang Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Joint Institute of Jiangsu University-Hongrun Tech, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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11
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Yin X, Wu D, Yang H, Wang J, Zhang X, Li H, Zheng T, Wang L, Zhang T. Galvanic-Replacement-Assisted Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Functional Polymer Brush Engineering. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:296-302. [PMID: 35575363 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a facile and robust strategy, namely, galvanic-replacement-assisted surface-initiated Cu(0)-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (gr-SI-Cu0ATRP, or gr-SI-Cu0CRP) for polymer brush engineering under ambient conditions. In gr-SI-Cu0ATRP, highly active and nanostructured Cu(0) surfaces are obtained by a simple galvanic replacement on zinc/aluminum surfaces in dilute Cu2+ solution. Polymer brush growth rate is extremely high (up to ∼904 nm in 30 min polymerization); meanwhile, both nano Cu(0) surfaces and Cu2+ solution can be reused multiple times without losing grafting efficiency. We also demonstrate that the gr-SI-Cu0ATRP is advantageous for polymer brush engineering on arbitrary substrates, including flexible (polyethylene terephthalate), curved (polycarbonate), and porous (anodic aluminum oxide), and endow the substrates with various functionalities, for example, anti-icing, antifogging, and ion selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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13
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An Z, Li R, Kong W. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng An
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weina Kong
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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14
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Rolland M, Dufresne ER, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. The effect of surface-active statistical copolymers in low-energy miniemulsion and RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Study of the composition, lenght and chemical structure of surface-active statistical copolymers in low-energy miniemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric R. Dufresne
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3152, Australia
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Rolland M, Truong NP, Parkatzidis K, Pilkington EH, Torzynski AL, Style RW, Dufresne ER, Anastasaki A. Shape-Controlled Nanoparticles from a Low-Energy Nanoemulsion. JACS AU 2021; 1:1975-1986. [PMID: 34841413 PMCID: PMC8611665 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsion technology enables the production of uniform nanoparticles for a wide range of applications. However, existing nanoemulsion strategies are limited to the production of spherical nanoparticles. Here, we describe a low-energy nanoemulsion method to produce nanoparticles with various morphologies. By selecting a macro-RAFT agent (poly(di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate-co-N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) (P(DEGMA-co-HPMA))) that dramatically lowers the interfacial tension between monomer droplets and water, we can easily produce nanoemulsions at room temperature by manual shaking for a few seconds. With the addition of a common ionic surfactant (SDS), these nanoscale droplets are robustly stabilized at both the formation and elevated temperatures. Upon polymerization, we produce well-defined block copolymers forming nanoparticles with a wide range of controlled morphologies, including spheres, worm balls, worms, and vesicles. Our nanoemulsion polymerization is robust and well-controlled even without stirring or external deoxygenation. This method significantly expands the toolbox and availability of nanoemulsions and their tailor-made polymeric nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rolland
- Laboratory
for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory
for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory
for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emily H. Pilkington
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alexandre L. Torzynski
- Laboratory
of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert W. Style
- Laboratory
of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric R. Dufresne
- Laboratory
of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory
for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Yuan B, Huang T, Wang X, Ding Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Tang J. Oxygen-Tolerant RAFT Polymerization Catalyzed by a Recyclable Biomimetic Mineralization Enhanced Biological Cascade System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100559. [PMID: 34713523 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme cascade system including glucose oxidase (GOx) and iron porphyrin (DhHP-6) is encapsulated in a metal-organic framework called zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) through one-step facile synthesis. The composite (GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8) is then used to initiate oxygen-tolerant reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization for different methacrylate monomers, such as 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (Mn = 500 g mol-1 ). The composite shows the robustness toward solvent and temperatures, all polymerizations using above monomers and catalyzing by GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8 exhibits high monomer conversion (>85%) and narrow molar mass dispersity (<1.3). Besides, acrylic and acrylamide monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and N,N-dimethylacrylamide are also carried to demonstrate the broad applicability. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance characterization and chain extension experiments confirm the retaining end groups of the resultant polymers, which is a significant feature of living polymerization. More importantly, the process of recycling the composite through a centrifuge is simplistic, and the composite still maintains similar activity compared to the original composites after five times. This low-cost and easily separated composite catalyst represents a versatile strategy to synthesize well-defined functional polymers suitable for industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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17
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Szczepaniak G, Fu L, Jafari H, Kapil K, Matyjaszewski K. Making ATRP More Practical: Oxygen Tolerance. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1779-1790. [PMID: 33751886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a well-known technique for the controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers under mild conditions. However, as with any other radical polymerization, ATRP typically requires rigorous oxygen exclusion, making it time-consuming and challenging to use by nonexperts. In this Account, we discuss various approaches to achieving oxygen tolerance in ATRP, presenting the overall progress in the field.Copper-mediated ATRP, which we first discovered in the late 1990s, uses a CuI/L activator that reversibly reacts with the dormant C(sp3)-X polymer chain end, forming a X-CuII/L deactivator and a propagating radical. Oxygen interferes with activation and chain propagation by quenching the radicals and oxidizing the activator. At ATRP equilibrium, the activator is present at a much higher concentration than the propagating radicals. Thus, oxidation of the activator is the dominant inhibition pathway. In conventional ATRP, this reaction is irreversible, so oxygen must be strictly excluded to achieve good results.Over the last two decades, our group has developed several ATRP techniques based on the concept of regenerating the activator. When the oxidized activator is continuously converted back to its active reduced form, then the catalytic system itself can act as an oxygen scavenger. Regeneration can be accomplished by reducing agents and photo-, electro-, and mechanochemical stimuli. This family of methods offers a degree of oxygen tolerance, but most of them can tolerate only a limited amount of oxygen and do not allow polymerization in an open vessel.More recently, we discovered that enzymes can be used in auxiliary catalytic systems that directly deoxygenate the reaction medium and protect the polymerization process. We developed a method that uses glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, and sodium pyruvate to very effectively scavenge oxygen and enable open-vessel ATRP. By adding a second enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HPR), we managed to extend the role of the auxiliary enzymatic system to generating carbon-based radicals and changed ATRP from an oxygen-sensitive to an oxygen-fueled reaction.While performing control experiments for the enzymatic methods, we noticed that using sodium pyruvate under UV irradiation triggers polymerization without the presence of GOx. This serendipitous discovery allowed us to develop the first oxygen-proof, small-molecule-based, photoinduced ATRP system. It has oxygen tolerance similar to that of the enzymatic methods, exhibits superior compatibility with both aqueous media and organic solvents, and avoids problems associated with purifying polymers from enzymes. The system was able to rapidly polymerize N-isopropylacrylamide, a challenging monomer, with a high degree of control.These contributions have substantially simplified the use of ATRP, making it more practical and accessible to everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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18
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Moreno A, Sipponen MH. Biocatalytic nanoparticles for the stabilization of degassed single electron transfer-living radical pickering emulsion polymerizations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5599. [PMID: 33154360 PMCID: PMC7645627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are indispensable in many different applications, but there is a growing need for green processes and natural surfactants for emulsion polymerization. The use of solid particles to stabilize Pickering emulsions is a particularly attractive avenue, but oxygen sensitivity has remained a formidable challenge in controlled polymerization reactions. Here we show that lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) coated with chitosan and glucose oxidase (GOx) enable efficient stabilization of Pickering emulsion and in situ enzymatic degassing of single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) without extraneous hydrogen peroxide scavengers. The resulting latex dispersions can be purified by aqueous extraction or used to obtain polymer nanocomposites containing uniformly dispersed LNPs. The polymers exhibit high chain-end fidelity that allows for production of a series of well-defined block copolymers as a viable route to more complex architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moreno
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Yuan M, Cui X, Zhu W, Tang H. Development of Environmentally Friendly Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1987. [PMID: 32878287 PMCID: PMC7563397 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most successful techniques for the preparation of well-defined polymers with controllable molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, specific macromolecular architectures, and precisely designed functionalities. ATRP usually involves transition-metal complex as catalyst. As the most commonly used copper complex catalyst is usually biologically toxic and environmentally unsafe, considerable interest has been focused on iron complex, enzyme, and metal-free catalysts owing to their low toxicity, inexpensive cost, commercial availability and environmental friendliness. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of iron catalyst used in normal, reverse, AGET, ICAR, GAMA, and SARA ATRP, enzyme as well as metal-free catalyst mediated ATRP in the point of view of catalytic activity, initiation efficiency, and polymerization controllability. The principle of ATRP and the development of iron ligand are briefly discussed. The recent development of enzyme-mediated ATRP, the latest research progress on metal-free ATRP, and the application of metal-free ATRP in interdisciplinary areas are highlighted in sections. The prospects and challenges of these three ATRP techniques are also described in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huadong Tang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
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20
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Wang Y, Matyjaszewski K. Catalytic Halogen Exchange in Miniemulsion ARGET ATRP: A Pathway to Well-Controlled Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000264. [PMID: 32529731 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Halogen exchange in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an efficient way to chain-extend from a less active macroinitiator (MI) to a more active monomer. This has been previously achieved by using CuCl/L in the equimolar amount to Pn -Br MI in the chain extension step. However, this approach cannot be effectively applied in systems based on regeneration of activators (ARGET ATRP), since they operate with ppm amounts of catalysts. Herein, a catalytic halogen exchange procedure is reported using a catalytic amount of Cu in miniemulsion ARGET ATRP to chain-extend from a less active poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) MI to a more active methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer. Influence of different reagents on the initiation efficiency and dispersity is studied. Addition of 0.1 m NaCl or tetraethylammonium chloride to ATRP of MMA initiated by methyl 2-bromopropionate leads to high initiation efficiency and polymers with low dispersity. The optimized conditions are then employed in chain extension of PBA MI with MMA to prepare diblock and triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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21
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Fan G, Graham AJ, Kolli J, Lynd NA, Keitz BK. Aerobic radical polymerization mediated by microbial metabolism. Nat Chem 2020; 12:638-646. [PMID: 32424254 PMCID: PMC7321916 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Performing radical polymerizations under ambient conditions is a significant challenge because molecular oxygen is an effective radical quencher. Here we show that the facultative electrogen Shewanella oneidensis can control metal-catalyzed living radical polymerizations under apparent aerobic conditions by first consuming dissolved oxygen via aerobic respiration, then directing extracellular electron flux to a metal catalyst. In both open and closed containers, S. oneidensis enabled living radical polymerizations without requiring the pre-removal of oxygen. Polymerization activity was closely tied to S. oneidensis anaerobic metabolism through specific extracellular electron transfer (EET) proteins and was effective for a variety of monomers using low (ppm) concentrations of metal catalysts. Finally, polymerizations survived repeated challenges of oxygen exposure and could be initiated using lyophilized or spent (recycled) cells. Overall, our results demonstrate how the unique ability of S. oneidensis to use both oxygen and metals as respiratory electron acceptors can be leveraged to address salient challenges in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Austin J Graham
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jayaker Kolli
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin K Keitz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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22
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Liarou E, Han Y, Sanchez AM, Walker M, Haddleton DM. Rapidly self-deoxygenating controlled radical polymerization in water via in situ disproportionation of Cu(i). Chem Sci 2020; 11:5257-5266. [PMID: 34122982 PMCID: PMC8159280 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly self-deoxygenating Cu-RDRP in aqueous media is investigated. The disproportionation of Cu(i)/Me6Tren in water towards Cu(ii) and highly reactive Cu(0) leads to O2-free reaction environments within the first seconds of the reaction, even when the reaction takes place in the open-air. By leveraging this significantly fast O2-reducing activity of the disproportionation reaction, a range of well-defined water-soluble polymers with narrow dispersity are attained in a few minutes or less. This methodology provides the ability to prepare block copolymers via sequential monomer addition with little evidence for chain termination over the lifetime of the polymerization and allows for the synthesis of star-shaped polymers with the use of multi-functional initiators. The mechanism of self-deoxygenation is elucidated with the use of various characterization tools, and the species that participate in the rapid oxygen consumption is identified and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Liarou
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry Library Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yisong Han
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Marc Walker
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - David M Haddleton
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry Library Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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23
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Theodorou A, Liarou E, Haddleton DM, Stavrakaki IG, Skordalidis P, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Protein-polymer bioconjugates via a versatile oxygen tolerant photoinduced controlled radical polymerization approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1486. [PMID: 32198365 PMCID: PMC7083936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense application potential of amphiphilic protein-polymer conjugates remains largely unexplored, as established "grafting from" synthetic protocols involve time-consuming, harsh and disruptive deoxygenation methods, while "grafting to" approaches result in low yields. Here we report an oxygen tolerant, photoinduced CRP approach which readily affords quantitative yields of protein-polymer conjugates within 2 h, avoiding damage to the secondary structure of the protein and providing easily accessible means to produce biomacromolecular assemblies. Importantly, our methodology is compatible with multiple proteins (e.g. BSA, HSA, GOx, beta-galactosidase) and monomer classes including acrylates, methacrylates, styrenics and acrylamides. The polymerizations are conveniently conducted in plastic syringes and in the absence of any additives or external deoxygenation procedures using low-organic content media and ppm levels of copper. The robustness of the protocol is further exemplified by its implementation under UV, blue light or even sunlight irradiation as well as in buffer, nanopure, tap or even sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Iren Georgia Stavrakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skordalidis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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24
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Xiong Q, Zhang X, Wei W, Wei G, Su Z. Enzyme-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization for functional materials: principles, synthesis, and applications. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes provide a potential and highly efficient way to mediate the formation of various functional polymer materials with wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS)
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena 07743
- Germany
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
- China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- 266071 Qingdao
- China
- Faculty of Production Engineering
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
- China
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25
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P. Temporally Controlled Ultrasonication‐Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6 35‐959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6 35‐959 Rzeszów Poland
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26
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Zhou F, Li R, Wang X, Du S, An Z. Non‐natural Photoenzymatic Controlled Radical Polymerization Inspired by DNA Photolyase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9479-9484. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Simin Du
- Qianweichang CollegeShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
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27
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Fenton‐Chemistry‐Mediated Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900220. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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28
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Zhou F, Li R, Wang X, Du S, An Z. Non‐natural Photoenzymatic Controlled Radical Polymerization Inspired by DNA Photolyase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Simin Du
- Qianweichang CollegeShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
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29
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Wang X, An Z. Enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization: Precision polymer synthesis via enzymatic catalysis. Methods Enzymol 2019; 627:291-319. [PMID: 31630745 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization provides a sustainable strategy for efficient production of well-defined polymers under mild conditions. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a heme-containing metalloenzyme, catalyzes oxidation of acetylacetone (ACAC) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate ACAC radicals, initiating polymerization of vinyl monomers. This HRP/H2O2/ACAC ternary initiating system is applied to RAFT polymerization of different types of vinyl monomers. Furthermore, to overcome the inherent limitation of necessity for oxygen-free conditions, another enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOx) or pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox), with excellent deoxygenation capability, is introduced to consume oxygen by catalyzing oxidation of glucose to generate H2O2. The generated H2O2 is directly supplied to HRP catalysis for radical generation. Both GOx-HRP and P2Ox-HRP cascade catalysis afford RAFT polymerization with oxygen tolerance. In this chapter, we mainly focus on detailed synthetic protocols of RAFT polymerizations initiated by HRP/H2O2/ACAC ternary initiating system and P2Ox-HRP cascade catalysis. The general characterization and analytical methods used in these enzyme-initiated RAFT polymerizations are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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30
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Sun Y, Lathwal S, Wang Y, Fu L, Olszewski M, Fantin M, Enciso AE, Szczepaniak G, Das S, Matyjaszewski K. Preparation of Well-Defined Polymers and DNA-Polymer Bioconjugates via Small-Volume eATRP in the Presence of Air. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:603-609. [PMID: 35619358 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) was performed in a small volume solution (75 μL) deposited on a screen-printed electrode (SPE). The reaction was open to air, thanks to the use of glucose oxidase (GOx) as an oxygen scavenger. Well-defined poly(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate) (PMSEA), poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEOMA), and corresponding DNA-polymer biohybrids were synthesized by the small-volume eATRP at room temperature. The reactions were simplified and polymerization rates increased by the application of the enzyme deoxygenating system and the compact electrochemical setup. Importantly, the volume of polymerization mixture was lowered to microliters, which not only decreases the cost for each reaction, but can also be potentially implemented in combinatorial chemistry and electrode-array configurations for high-throughput systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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31
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Wang Y, Dadashi-Silab S, Lorandi F, Matyjaszewski K. Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization in ab initio emulsion. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Nothling MD, McKenzie TG, Eastland IA, Chien HC, Collins J, Meyer AS, Qiao GG. Self-deoxygenating glassware. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8544-8547. [PMID: 31268065 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The removal of dissolved oxygen (O2) from solution is a prerequisite for many reactions, frequently requiring specialized equipment/reagents or expertise. Herein, we introduce a range of reusable, shelf-stable enzyme-functionalized glassware, which biocatalytically removes O2 from contained aqueous solutions. The effectiveness of the activated glassware is demonstrated by facilitating several O2-intolerant RAFT polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Nothling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Isaac A Eastland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Hao-Che Chien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Joe Collins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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33
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Liarou E, Anastasaki A, Whitfield R, Iacono CE, Patias G, Engelis NG, Marathianos A, Jones GR, Haddleton DM. Ultra-low volume oxygen tolerant photoinduced Cu-RDRP. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the first oxygen tolerant ultra-low volume (as low as 5 μL) photoinduced Cu-RDRP of a range of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and semi-fluorinated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Glen R. Jones
- University of Warwick
- Department of Chemistry
- Coventry
- UK
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34
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Zhang T, Yeow J, Boyer C. A cocktail of vitamins for aqueous RAFT polymerization in an open-to-air microtiter plate. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly biocompatible photoinitiation strategy based on Vitamin B2 and Vitamin C. This two-component photoinitiator enables RAFT polymerization to be conducted in high throughput in an open-to-air microtiter plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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35
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Marathianos A, Liarou E, Anastasaki A, Whitfield R, Laurel M, Wemyss AM, Haddleton DM. Photo-induced copper-RDRP in continuous flow without external deoxygenation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00945k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photo-induced Cu-RDRP of acrylates in a continuous flow reactor without the need for deoxygenation or externally added reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick Library Road
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | | | - Matthew Laurel
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick Library Road
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Alan M. Wemyss
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick Library Road
- Coventry
- UK
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