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Dorchei F, Heydari A, Kroneková Z, Kronek J, Pelach M, Cseriová Z, Chorvát D, Zúñiga-Navarrete F, Rios PD, McGarrigle J, Ghani S, Isa D, Joshi I, Vasuthas K, Rokstad AMA, Oberholzer J, Raus V, Lacík I. Postmodification with Polycations Enhances Key Properties of Alginate-Based Multicomponent Microcapsules. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4118-4138. [PMID: 38857534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Postmodification of alginate-based microspheres with polyelectrolytes (PEs) is commonly used in the cell encapsulation field to control microsphere stability and permeability. However, little is known about how different applied PEs shape the microsphere morphology and properties, particularly in vivo. Here, we addressed this question using model multicomponent alginate-based microcapsules postmodified with PEs of different charge and structure. We found that the postmodification can enhance or impair the mechanical resistance and biocompatibility of microcapsules implanted into a mouse model, with polycations surprisingly providing the best results. Confocal Raman microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses revealed stable interpolyelectrolyte complex layers within the parent microcapsule, hindering the access of higher molar weight PEs into the microcapsule core. All microcapsules showed negative surface zeta potential, indicating that the postmodification PEs get hidden within the microcapsule membrane, which agrees with CLSM data. Human whole blood assay revealed complex behavior of microcapsules regarding their inflammatory and coagulation potential. Importantly, most of the postmodification PEs, including polycations, were found to be benign toward the encapsulated model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Dorchei
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Abolfazl Heydari
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešt'any, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešt'any, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešt'any, Slovakia
| | - Michal Pelach
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Cseriová
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Chorvát
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovičova 3, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fernando Zúñiga-Navarrete
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter D Rios
- CellTrans, Inc., 2201 W. Campbell Park Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - James McGarrigle
- CellTrans, Inc., 2201 W. Campbell Park Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Sofia Ghani
- CellTrans, Inc., 2201 W. Campbell Park Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Douglas Isa
- CellTrans, Inc., 2201 W. Campbell Park Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Ira Joshi
- CellTrans, Inc., 2201 W. Campbell Park Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Kalaiyarasi Vasuthas
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt.1, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Mari A Rokstad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt.1, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - José Oberholzer
- CellTrans, Inc., 2201 W. Campbell Park Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimír Raus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Lacík
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešt'any, Slovakia
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Ginga VA, Siidra OI, Tsirlin AA, Setzer A, Charkin DO, Börner M, Abdulina VR, Ivanov SA, Gorbachevskaya DA, Zolotov NA. (CN 3H 6)[Fe IIFe III(SO 4) 3(H 2O) 3]: A Framework Iron Sulfate with a Mixed S = 2 and S = 5/2 Honeycomb Lattice. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17625-17633. [PMID: 37844565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A new guanidinium-templated hydrated iron sulfate, [CN3H6][FeIIFeIII(SO4)3(H2O)3] (1), was prepared from strongly acidic aqueous solutions. Its crystal structure is comprised from FeIIIO6 and FeIIO3(H2O)3 octahedra linked by sulfate bridges forming a [FeIIFeII(SO4)3(H2O)3]- 3D framework with a layer-by-layer ordering of ferric and ferrous cations. The structural topology of the framework is related to the anhydrous rhombohedral mikasaite Fe2(SO4)3. The removal of part of the sulfate tetrahedra and the partial replacement of the Fe3+ cations in the [Fe3+2(SO4)3]0 framework by Fe2+ provide a negative charge and allow the incorporation of the protonated organic species in the voids. The compound 1 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, TG and DSC analyses, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer spectroscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and density functional band-structure calculations. The magnetic behavior of 1 shows an interplay of FeII (S = 2) and FeIII (S = 5/2) sublattices that exhibit different types of antiferromagnetic couplings, one FeIII-FeIII (J1 ∼ 6.1 K) and two FeII-FeIII couplings (J2 ∼ 1 K, J3 ∼ 5.9 K) within corrugated honeycomb layers. These ferrimagnetic layers are coupled antiparallel to each other, resulting in an overall antiferromagnetic order below TN = 31 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Ginga
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Leipzig University, Linnestrasse 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Oleg I Siidra
- Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region 184200, Russia
| | - Alexander A Tsirlin
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Leipzig University, Linnestrasse 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Annette Setzer
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Leipzig University, Linnestrasse 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Dmitri O Charkin
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Martin Börner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Veronika R Abdulina
- Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Semen A Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Darya A Gorbachevskaya
- Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nikita A Zolotov
- Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Str. 2, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Kim S, Kim JM, Wood K, Choi SH. Ionic group-dependent structure of complex coacervate hydrogels formed by ABA triblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4146-4155. [PMID: 35583260 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00255h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the nanostructure of complex coacervate core hydrogels (C3Gs) with varying compositions of cationic charged groups (i.e., ammonium and guanidinium) using small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAX/NS). C3Gs were prepared by stoichiometric mixing of two oppositely charged ABA triblock copolymers in aqueous solvents, in which A end-blocks were functionalized with either sulfonate groups or a mixture of ammonium and guanidinium groups. Comprehensive small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAX/NS) analysis elucidated the dependence of C3Gs structures on the fraction of guanidinium groups in the cationic end-block (x) and salt concentration (cs). As x increases, the polymer volume fraction in the cores, and interfacial tension (γcore) and salt resistance (c*) of the coacervate cores increase, which is attributed to the greater hydrophobicity and non-electrostatic association. Furthermore, we observed that the salt dependence of the interfacial tension follows γcore ∼ (1 - cs/c*)3/2 in all series of x. The results show that the variation of the ionic group provides a powerful method to control the salt-responsiveness of C3Gs as stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Shull KR. Processing Polyelectrolyte Complexes with Deep Eutectic Solvents. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1243-1247. [PMID: 35549044 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) formed from mixtures of polycations and polyanions are useful in a variety of applications and can be processed by the addition of salt. Salt mediates the ionic interactions within the polyelectrolyte complexes, with appropriately chosen salts enabling complete dissolution of solid PEC in aqueous media. Substantial complications arise from the crystallization of the salt during subsequent processing steps. Here we show that appropriately chosen noncrystallizing deep eutectic solvents can be used to process solid PECs. Mixtures of ethylene glycol and guanidine thiocyanate are used for a particularly effective deep eutectic solvent. The phase behaviors of this deep eutectic system and of its mixtures with a model polyelectrolyte complex were quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuLing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kenneth R Shull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Kim S, Lee M, Lee WB, Choi SH. Ionic-Group Dependence of Polyelectrolyte Coacervate Phase Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhwan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
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Filippov AD, Sprakel J, Kamperman M. Complex coacervation and metal-ligand bonding as synergistic design elements for aqueous viscoelastic materials. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3294-3305. [PMID: 33655283 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of complex coacervates in promising areas such as coatings and surgical glues requires a tight control of their viscous and elastic behaviour, and a keen understanding of the corresponding microscopic mechanisms. While the viscous, or dissipative, aspect is crucial at pre-setting times and in preventing detachment, elasticity at long waiting times and low strain rates is crucial to sustain a load-bearing joints. The independent tailoring of dissipative and elastic properties proves to be a major challenge that can not be addressed adequately by the complex coacervate motif by itself. We propose a versatile model of complex coacervates with customizable rheological fates by functionalization of polyelectrolytes with terpyridines, which provide transient crosslinks through complexation with metals. We show that the rheology of the hybrid complexes shows distinct footprints of both metal-ligand and coacervate dynamics, the former as a contribution very close to pure Maxwell viscoelasticity, the latter approaching a sticky Rouse fluid. Strikingly, when the contribution of metal-ligand bonds is dominant at long times, the relaxation of the overall complex is much slower than either the "native" coacervate relaxation time or the dissociation time of a comparable non-coacervate polyelectrolyte-metal-ligand complex. We recognize this slowing-down of transient bonds as a synergistic effect that has important implications for the use of complementary transient bonding in coacervate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei D Filippov
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Lteif S, Abou Shaheen S, Schlenoff JB. The Thiouronium Group for Ultrastrong Pairing Interactions between Polyelectrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10832-10840. [PMID: 33174752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various charged groups may be used as a repeat unit in polyelectrolytes to provide physical interactions between oppositely charged polymers leading to phase separation. The materials formed thus are termed polyelectrolyte complexes or coacervates (PECs). The strength of pairing between positive, Pol+, and negative, Pol-, repeat units depends on the specific identity of the monomer repeat unit. In this work, the pairing strength of the thiouronium group, a cation closely related to guanidinium, is evaluated using a polythiouronium polyelectrolyte. Polymers containing guanidinium, notably polyarginine, a peptide, are known for their unusual behavior, such as the formation of like-charge ion pairs and hydrogen bonding. It is shown here that some of this behavior is carried over to polythiouroniums, which results in exceptionally strong interactions with polyanions such as polysulfonates and polycarboxylates. The resilience of the polythiouronium/Pol- interaction was evaluated using the buildup of polyelectrolyte multilayers at various salt concentrations and by breaking up preformed PECs with high concentrations of added salt. The thiouronium group even interacts strongly enough with polymeric zwitterions to enable complexation with this nominally weakly interacting, net-neutral polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lteif
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Samir Abou Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Abstract
A scaling model for the structure of coacervates is presented for mixtures of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes of both symmetric and asymmetric charge-densities for different degrees of electrostatic strength and levels of added salt. At low electrostatic strengths, weak coacervates, with the energy of electrostatic interactions between charges less than the thermal energy, k B T, are liquid. At higher electrostatic strengths, strong coacervates are gels with crosslinks formed by ion pairs of opposite charges bound to each other with energy higher than k B T. Charge-symmetric coacervates are formed for mixtures of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes with equal and opposite charge-densities. While charge-symmetric weak coacervates form a semidilute polymer solution with a correlation length equal to the electrostatic blob size, charge-symmetric strong coacervates form reversible gels with a correlation length on the order of the distance between bound ion pairs. Charge-asymmetric coacervates are formed from mixtures of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes with different charge-densities. While charge-asymmetric weak coacervates form double solutions with two correlation lengths and qualitatively different chain conformations of polycations and polyanions, charge-asymmetric strong coacervates form bottlebrush and star-like gels. Unlike liquid coacervates, for which an increase in the concentration of added salt screens electrostatic interactions, causing structural rearrangement and eventually leads to their dissolution, the salt does not affect the structure of strong coacervates until ion pairs dissociate and the gel disperses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P O Danielsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Sergey Panyukov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117924, Russia
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
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Meng S, Ting JM, Wu H, Tirrell MV. Solid-to-Liquid Phase Transition in Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Ting
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Abstract
AbstractStrongly interacting polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are a versatile class of materials whose physical states can be driven from solids into liquids and ultimately into homogenous solution upon salt addition. However, many of these materials can display high stability using common monovalent salts, leading to difficulties in accessing the entire PEC spectrum. Here, the model system, composed of two styrenic polyelectrolytes, required exceptionally high salt to drive phase transition. We term the amount of salt required to drive these transitions salt resistance. In water, the PEC transferred from solid into liquid at 2.5 M NaBr and never fully dissociated within the studied salt range. We discovered an unconventional approach of weakening salt resistance by switching the solvent to miscible ethylene glycol/water and ethanol/water, allowing us to systematically introduce more hydrophobic constituents. Employing microscopy to determine physical states qualitatively, we found that higher hydrophobicity lowered salt resistance for phase transition and disassembly.
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Su Y, Wu Y, Liu M, Qing Y, Zhou J, Wu Y. Ferric Ions Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol for Enhanced Molecular Structure and Mechanical Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1412. [PMID: 32244984 PMCID: PMC7142794 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly crystallized molecular structure of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) makes the polymer with poor performance in mechanical strength and water resistance. To modify the molecular structure of PVA and to diminish the complicated procedures and environmental impacts, ferric ions (in ion composite form) have been used to set the interactions with the molecule chains of PVA. The crystallinity, chemical groups change, and mechanical performance of the polymer has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), and the bonding/membrane tensile strength test. The crystallinity of PVA is reduced from 41.6% to 7.7% with the addition of 2.0% of ferric ions. The tensile strength of the modified PVA membrane is increased by 240%. Moreover, with tougher structure and improved fluidity, the strength of ferric ions modified PVA bonded wood samples is increased by 157%. The modification of PVA with ion composite may have vast applications in many fields, such as paper industry, wood adhesives, functional materials, and polymer structure design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Qing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jianbo Zhou
- Forestry New Technology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.)
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Borro BC, Malmsten M. Complexation between antimicrobial peptides and polyelectrolytes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:251-260. [PMID: 31301601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a result of increasing bacterial resistance against antibiotics, we are facing an emerging health crisis, in which 'simple' infections may no longer be treatable. One class of molecules attracting interest in this context is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and considerable research efforts have been directed to identifying selective and potent AMPs. In addition, since in vivo delivery of AMPs is challenging, there is an emerging awareness that successful development of AMP therapeutics can be facilitated by careful design of AMPs delivery systems. In the present overview, we discuss polyelectrolyte complexation as a strategy to deliver AMPs. In doing so, key factors for AMP-polyelectrolyte complexation are illustrated for AMP-polyelectrolyte nanoparticle formation, as well as for AMP incorporation in polyelectrolyte microgels and multilayer structures, and consequences of these for functional performance exemplified.
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Sadman K, Delgado DE, Won Y, Wang Q, Gray KA, Shull KR. Versatile and High-Throughput Polyelectrolyte Complex Membranes via Phase Inversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16018-16026. [PMID: 30964252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High-flux filtration membranes constructed through scalable and sustainable methods are desirable for energy-efficient separations. Often, these criteria are difficult to be reconciled with one another. Polymeric membranes can provide high flux but frequently involve organic solvents in processing steps. Solubility of many polymeric membranes in organic media also restricts their implementation in solvent filtration. In the present work, we report a simple and high-throughput aqueous processing approach for polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes with controllable porosity and stability in various aqueous and organic environments. PECs are materials composed of oppositely charged polymer chains that can form solids in aqueous environments, yet which can be dissolved in very specific salt solutions capable of breaking the interpolymer ion pairs. By exploiting the salt-induced dissolution and subsequent reformation of the complex, nano- to microporous films are rapidly synthesized which resemble membranes obtained through conventional solvent-phase inversion techniques. PECs remain stable in organic solvents because of the low dielectric constant of the environment, which enhances electrostatic interactions, making them suitable for a wide range of water and solvent filtration applications. Here, we elucidate how the polymer-phase behavior can be manipulated to exercise morphological control, test membrane performance for water and solvent filtration, and quantify the mechanical stability of PECs in relevant conditions.
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