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Nayak N, Arora K, Shirke S, Shriwardhankar S, Kumar A. An improved greener process for the direct C H:C H arylation polymerization of 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene derivatives. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Mayhugh AL, Yadav P, Luscombe CK. Circular Discovery in Small Molecule and Conjugated Polymer Synthetic Methodology. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6123-6135. [PMID: 35380440 PMCID: PMC9011355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple and efficient methods are a key consideration for small molecule and polymer syntheses. Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is of increasing interest for preparing conjugated polymers as an effective approach compared to conventional cross-coupling polymerizations. As DArP sees broader utilization, advancements are needed to access materials with improved properties and different monomer structures and to improve the scalability of conjugated polymer synthesis. Presented herein are considerations for developing new methods of conjugated polymer synthesis from small molecule transformations, exploring how DArP has successfully used this approach, and presenting how emerging polymerization methodologies are developing similarly. While it is common to adapt small molecule methods to polymerizations, we demonstrate the ways in which information gained from studying polymerizations can inform and inspire greater advancements in small molecule transformations. This circular approach to organic synthetic method development underlines the value of collaboration between small molecule and polymer-based synthetic research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Mayhugh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Unites States
| | - Preeti Yadav
- pi-Conjugated
Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science
and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated
Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science
and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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3
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Collier GS, Wilkins R, Tomlinson AL, Reynolds JR. Exploring Isomeric Effects on Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Red/Orange Electrochromic Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Riley Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Han D, Li J, Zhang Q, He Z, Wu Z, Chu J, Lu Y. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Benzotriazole Units via Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-H Cross-Coupling Polycondensation for OLEDs Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:254. [PMID: 33466635 PMCID: PMC7828650 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four D-π-A conjugated polymers, namely P1-P4, which contain benzotriazole building blocks in their backbone as acceptor, are synthesized via palladium-catalyzed direct C-H cross-coupling polycondensation of 5,6-difluorobenzotriazole with different thiophene derivatives, including 3-octylthiophene, 2,2'-bithiophene, thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine, and 4,4-dioctyl-4H-silolo-[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as donor units, respectively. Taking the polymer P1 as an example, the chemical structure of the polymer is demonstrated by 1H and 19F NMR spectra. The optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties of these polymers are assessed by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. DFT simulations of all polymers are also performed to understand their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, P1 and P2, which have relatively higher molecular weights and better fluorescent quantum efficiency than those of P3 and P4, are utilized as lighting emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), affording promising green and red luminescence with 0.07% and 0.14% of maximum external quantum efficiency, respectively, based on a device with an architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTAA/the polymer emitting layer/TPBi/LiF/Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingwen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zewang He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingting Chu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (D.H.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Yang W, Yue HG, Zhao D, Yan H, Cao KL, Zhao JS, Zhang Q. Thienylmethylene Oxindole Based Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polymerization and Their Electrochromic Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Pankow RM, Thompson BC. The development of conjugated polymers as the cornerstone of organic electronics. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Bautista MV, Varni AJ, Ayuso-Carrillo J, Tsai CH, Noonan KJT. Chain-Growth Polymerization of Benzotriazole Using Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Dialkylbiarylphosphine Palladium Catalysts. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1357-1362. [PMID: 35638632 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron-deficient (n-type) conjugated materials are commonly prepared via step-growth methods with limited control over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymers. In this communication, we demonstrate that Pd-dialkylbiarylphosphine catalysts enable the chain-growth polymerization of benzo[1,2,3]triazole using Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with molecular weight control and modest molecular weight distributions (Đ ∼ 1.2-1.6). The importance of a free ligand in the reaction mixture during polymerization was established by analysis of polymer samples using GPC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A block copolymer with poly(3-hexylthiophene) was also synthesized by sequential monomer addition. The success of these commercially available catalysts for polymerization of benzotriazole highlights their potential for chain-growth reactions with other bicyclic arenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Anthony J. Varni
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Josué Ayuso-Carrillo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
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8
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Jones AL, De Keersmaecker M, Pelse I, Reynolds JR. Curious Case of BiEDOT: MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Reveals Unbalanced Monomer Incorporation with Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michel De Keersmaecker
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ian Pelse
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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9
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Conelli D, Grisorio R, Suranna GP. Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for Direct Arylation Polymerizations in a Sustainable Solvent. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Conelli
- Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh)Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Roberto Grisorio
- Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh)Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh)Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
- CNR NANOTEC − Istituto di Nanotecnologia Via Monteroni Lecce 73100 Italy
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10
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Barber T, Argent SP, Ball LT. Expanding Ligand Space: Preparation, Characterization, and Synthetic Applications of Air-Stable, Odorless Di-tert-alkylphosphine Surrogates. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Barber
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Liam T. Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
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11
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Pankow RM, Thompson BC. Approaches for improving the sustainability of conjugated polymer synthesis using direct arylation polymerization (DArP). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging strategies to enhance the sustainability of Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP) are discussed, illustrating the great potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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