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Jia Y, Sun Z, Hu C, Pang X. Switchable Polymerization: A Practicable Strategy to Produce Biodegradable Block Copolymers with Diverse Properties. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200220. [PMID: 36071346 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the global demand for sustainable development, there has been an increasing interest in using natural biomass as raw resources to produce sustainable polymers as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers. Because monocomponent biodegradable polymers are often insufficient in performance, copolymers with well-engineered block structures are synthesized to reach wide tunability. Switchable polymerization is such a practical strategy to produce biodegradable block copolymers with diverse performance. This review focus on the performance of block copolymers bearing biodegradable polymer segments produced by diverse switchable polymerization. We highlight two main segments that are critical for biodegradable block copolymers, i. e., polyester and polycarbonate, summarize the multiple characters of materials from switchable polymerization such as antibacterial, shape memory, adhesives, etc. The state-of-the-art research on biodegradable block copolymers, as well as an outlook on the preparation and application of novel materials, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Ma P, Plummer CM, Luo W, Pang J, Chen Y, Li L. Exhaustive Baeyer–Villiger oxidation: a tailor-made post-polymerization modification to access challenging poly(vinyl acetate) copolymers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11746-11754. [PMID: 36320906 PMCID: PMC9580620 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of exhaustive (nearly quantitative) post-polymerization modifications (PPM) relies heavily on the efficiency of their corresponding small-molecule protocols. However, the direct translation of existing small-molecule protocols into PPM methods has never been guaranteed due to the intrinsic differences between small-molecule substrates and polymers. Herein, we introduce the direct optimization on polymers (DOP) as a complementary approach to developing exhaustive PPM reactions. As proof of the DOP concept, we present an exhaustive Baeyer–Villiger (BV) post-modification which cannot be accessed by conventional approaches. This user-friendly methodology provides general access to synthetically challenging copolymers of vinyl acetate and more activated monomers (MAMs) including both statistical and narrow-dispersed block copolymers. Furthermore, a scalable one-pot copolymerization/exhaustive BV post-modification procedure was developed to produce such materials showing improved performance over regular PVAc. Exhaustive Baeyer–Villiger (BV) oxidation, which was developed by a direct optimization on polymers (DOP) approach, provides a general solution for preparing synthetically challenging poly(vinyl acetate) statistical and block copolymers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ma
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Christopher M. Plummer
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wenjun Luo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Pang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Le Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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3
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Garrison JB, Hughes RW, Young JB, Sumerlin BS. Photoinduced SET to access olefin-acrylate copolymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-electron transfer (SET)-induced decarboxylative backbone radical generation was exploited to produce statistical olefin-acrylate copolymers. Quenching of the backbone radical with an H atom donor yielded ethylene or propylene repeat units.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Garrison
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Rhys W. Hughes
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - James B. Young
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Corsaro C, Neri G, Santoro A, Fazio E. Acrylate and Methacrylate Polymers' Applications: Second Life with Inexpensive and Sustainable Recycling Approaches. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:282. [PMID: 35009430 PMCID: PMC8746205 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are widely employed in several fields thanks to their wide versatility and the easy derivatization routes. However, a wide range of commercial polymers suffer from limited use on a large scale due to their inert nature. Nowadays, acrylate and methacrylate polymers, which are respectively derivatives of acrylic or methacrylic acid, are among the most proposed materials for their useful characteristics like good biocompatibility, capping ability toward metal clusters, low price, potentially recyclability and reusability. Here, we discuss the advantages and challenges of this class of smart polymers focusing our attention on their current technological applications in medical, electronic, food packaging and environmental remediation fields. Furthermore, we deal with the main issue of their recyclability, considering that the current commercial bioplastics are not yet able to meet the global needs as much as to totally replace fossil-fuel-based products. Finally, the most accredited strategies to reach recyclable composites based on acrylic polymers are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Zhao W, Li F, Li C, He J, Zhang Y, Chen C. Lewis Pair Catalyzed Regioselective Polymerization of (E,E)-Alkyl Sorbates for the Synthesis of (AB) n Sequenced Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24306-24311. [PMID: 34510679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, Lewis pairs (LPs) composed of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) with different steric hindrance and nucleophilicity as Lewis bases (LBs) and Al-based compounds with comparable acidity but different steric hindrance as Lewis acids (LAs) were applied for 1,4-selective polymerization of (E,E)-methyl sorbate (MS) and (E,E)-ethyl sorbate (ES). The effects of steric hindrance, electron-donating ability, and acidity of LPs on MS and ES polymerization were systematically investigated. High catalytic activity and high initiation efficiency can be achieved, leading to the formation of PMS with 100 % 1,4-selectivity, tunable molecular weight (Mw up to 333 kg mol-1 ), and narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD). Block copolymerization of ES and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was also realized. Meanwhile, this system can be applied to other homologous conjugated diene substrates. Furthermore, simple chemical reactions can efficiently convert PMS to different polymers with strict (AB)n sequence structures, such as poly(sorbic acid), poly(propylene-alt-methyl acrylate), poly(propylene-alt-acrylic acid), poly(propylene-alt-allyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene-alt-2-butylene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fukuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengkai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Zhao W, Li F, Li C, He J, Zhang Y, Chen C. Lewis Pair Catalyzed Regioselective Polymerization of (
E
,
E
)‐Alkyl Sorbates for the Synthesis of (AB)
n
Sequenced Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Fukuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chengkai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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Nishikawa T, Ouchi M. Recent Development in Polymer Reactions for Overcoming Synthetic Limitations in Chain-growth Polymerization. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Kumar G, Roy S, Chatterjee I. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalyzed C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1230-1267. [PMID: 33481983 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of boron based Lewis acids have been reported to date, but among them, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) has gained the most significant attention in the synthetic chemistry community. The viability of BCF as a potential Lewis acid catalyst has been vastly explored in organic and materials chemistry due to its thermal stability and commercial availability. Most explorations of BCF chemistry in organic synthesis has occurred in the last two decades and many new catalytic reactivities are currently under investigation. This review mainly focuses on recent reports from 2018 onwards and provides a concise knowledge to the readers about the role of BCF in metal-free catalysis. The review has mainly been categorized by different types of organic transformation mediated through BCF catalysis for the C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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Gui Q, Ouyang Q, Xu C, Ding H, Shi S, Chen X. Facile and Safe Synthesis of Novel Self-Pored Amine-Functionalized Polystyrene with Nanoscale Bicontinuous Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9404. [PMID: 33321900 PMCID: PMC7763285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chloromethyl-functionalized polystyrene is the most commonly used ammonium cation precursor for making anion exchange resins (AER) and membranes (AEM). However, the chloromethylation of polystyrene or styrene involves highly toxic and carcinogenic raw materials (e.g., chloromethyl ether) and the resultant ammonium cation structural motif is not stable enough in alkaline media. Herein, we present a novel self-pored amine-functionalized polystyrene, which may provide a safe, convenient, and green process to make polystyrene-based AER and AEM. It is realized by hydrolysis of the copolymer obtained via random copolymerization of N-vinylformamide (NVF) with styrene (St). The composition and structure of the NVF-St copolymer could be controlled by monomeric ratio, and the copolymers with high NVF content could form bicontinuous morphology at sub-100 nm levels. Such bicontinuous morphology allows the copolymers to be swollen in water and self-pored by freeze-drying, yielding a large specific surface area. Thus, the copolymer exhibits high adsorption capacity (226 mg/g for bisphenol A). Further, the amine-functionalized polystyrene has all-carbon backbone and hydrophilic/hydrophobic microphase separation morphology. It can be quaternized to produce ammonium cations and would be an excellent precursor for making AEM and AER with good alkaline stability and smooth ion transport channels. Therefore, the present strategy may open a new pathway to develop porous alkaline stable AER and AEM without using metal catalysts, organic pore-forming agents, and carcinogenic raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Gui
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomaterials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Q.G.); (Q.O.); (H.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Qi Ouyang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomaterials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Q.G.); (Q.O.); (H.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Chunrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Hongxue Ding
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomaterials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Q.G.); (Q.O.); (H.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuxian Shi
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomaterials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Q.G.); (Q.O.); (H.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Xiaonong Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomaterials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Q.G.); (Q.O.); (H.D.); (S.S.)
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10
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Fang H, Oestreich M. Defunctionalisation catalysed by boron Lewis acids. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12604-12615. [PMID: 34094457 PMCID: PMC8163203 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective defunctionalisation of organic molecules to valuable intermediates is a fundamentally important transformation in organic synthesis. Despite the advances made in efficient and selective defunctionalisation using transition-metal catalysis, the cost, toxicity, and non-renewable properties limit its application in industrial manufacturing processes. In this regard, boron Lewis acid catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for the cleavage of carbon-heteroatom bonds. The ground-breaking finding is that the strong boron Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 can activate Si-H bonds through η1 coordination, and this Lewis adduct is a key intermediate that enables various reduction processes. This system can be tuned by variation of the electronic and structural properties of the borane catalyst, and together with different hydride sources high chemoselectivity can be achieved. This Perspective provides a comprehensive summary of various defunctionalisation reactions such as deoxygenation, decarbonylation, desulfurisation, deamination, and dehalogenation, all of which catalysed by boron Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Fang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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11
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Makino H, Nishikawa T, Ouchi M. Elucidating Monomer Character of an Alkenyl Boronate through Radical Copolymerization Leads to Copolymer Synthesis beyond the Limitation of Copolymerizability by Side-Chain Replacement. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:788-793. [PMID: 35648527 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isopropenyl boronic acid pinacol ester (IPBpin) was used as a comonomer in radical polymerization with a wide range of common vinyl monomers for elucidation of the monomer character and syntheses of conventionally inaccessible copolymers via the replacement of the boron pendant. The study revealed that the boron-containing monomer is categorized into an electron-rich conjugated monomer, which was well consistent with the results of density functional theory (DFT)-based investigation. One of the thus obtained copolymers, the IPBpin-styrene copolymer, was successfully transformed into an α-methyl vinyl alcohol (MVA)-styrene counterpart via oxidation of the boron pendant. The copolymer cannot be synthesized even with the acetyl-protected monomer instead of IPBpin due to poor copolymerization ability based on the nonconjugated character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Makino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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12
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Kim TJ, Baek JW, Moon SH, Lee HJ, Park KL, Bae SM, Lee JC, Lee PC, Lee BY. Polystyrene Chain Growth Initiated from Dialkylzinc for Synthesis of Polyolefin-Polystyrene Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E537. [PMID: 32131422 PMCID: PMC7182881 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyolefins (POs) are the most abundant polymers. However, synthesis of PO-based block copolymers has only rarely been achieved. We aimed to synthesize various PO-based block copolymers by coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) followed by anionic polymerization in one-pot via conversion of the CCTP product (polyolefinyl)2Zn to polyolefinyl-Li. The addition of 2 equiv t-BuLi to (1-octyl)2Zn (a model compound of (polyolefinyl)2Zn) and selective removal or decomposition of (tBu)2Zn by evacuation or heating at 130 °C afforded 1-octyl-Li. Attempts to convert (polyolefinyl)2Zn to polyolefinyl-Li were unsuccessful. However, polystyrene (PS) chains were efficiently grown from (polyolefinyl)2Zn; the addition of styrene monomers after treatment with t-BuLi and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) in the presence of residual olefin monomers afforded PO-block-PSs. Organolithium species that might be generated in the pot of t-BuLi, PMDTA, and olefin monomers, i.e., [Me2NCH2CH2N(Me)CH2CH2N(Me)CH2Li, Me2NCH2CH2N(Me)Li·(PMDTA), pentylallyl-Li⋅(PMDTA)], as well as PhLi⋅(PMDTA), were screened as initiators to grow PS chains from (1-hexyl)2Zn, as well as from (polyolefinyl)2Zn. Pentylallyl-Li⋅(PMDTA) was the best initiator. The Mn values increased substantially after the styrene polymerization with some generation of homo-PSs (27-29%). The Mn values of the extracted homo-PS suggested that PS chains were grown mainly from polyolefinyl groups in [(polyolefinyl)2(pentylallyl)Zn]-[Li⋅(PMDTA)]+ formed by pentylallyl-Li⋅(PMDTA) acting onto (polyolefinyl)2Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.W.B.); (S.H.M.); (H.J.L.); (K.L.P.); (S.M.B.); (J.C.L.); (P.C.L.)
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