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Yip BRP, Javier Vázquez R, Jiang Y, McCuskey SR, Quek G, Ohayon D, Wang X, Bazan GC. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Thin Films for Pseudocapacitive Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308631. [PMID: 37953518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A subclass of organic semiconductors known as conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) is characterized by a conjugated backbone with ionic pendant groups. The water solubility of CPEs typically hinders applications of thin films in aqueous media. Herein, it is reported that films of an anionic CPE, namely CPE-K, drop cast from water produces single-component solid-state pseudocapacitive electrodes that are insoluble in aqueous electrolyte. That X-ray diffraction experiments reveal a more structurally ordered film, relative to the as-obtained powder from chemical synthesis, and dynamic light scattering measurements show an increase in aggregate particle size with increasing [KCl] indicate that CPE-K films are insoluble because of tight interchain contacts and electrostatic screening by the electrolyte. CPE-K film electrodes can maintain 85% of their original capacitance (84 F g-1 ) at 500 A g-1 and exhibit excellent cycling stability, where a capacitance retention of 93% after 100 000 cycles at a current density of 35 A g-1 . These findings demonstrate that it is possible to use initially water soluble ionic-organic materials in aqueous electrolytes, by increasing the electrolyte concentration. This strategy can be applied to the application of conjugated polyelectrolytes in batteries, organic electrochemical transistors, and electrochemical sensors, where fast electron and ion transport are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rui Peng Yip
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Ricardo Javier Vázquez
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Yan Jiang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Samantha R McCuskey
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Glenn Quek
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - David Ohayon
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Xuehang Wang
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 JB, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Danielsen SPO, Thompson BJ, Fredrickson GH, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC, Segalman RA. Ionic Tunability of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. O. Danielsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brittany J. Thompson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Friday DM, Jackson NE. Modeling the Interplay of Conformational and Electronic Structure in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Friday
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Danielsen SPO, Bridges CR, Segalman RA. Chain Stiffness of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers in Solution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. O. Danielsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Colin R. Bridges
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Rubio-Camacho M, Martínez-Tomé MJ, Mira A, Mallavia R, Mateo CR. Formation of Multicolor Nanogels Based on Cationic Polyfluorenes and Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic monoethyl ester): Potential Use as pH-Responsive Fluorescent Drug Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9607. [PMID: 34502514 PMCID: PMC8431760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed the copolymer poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic monoethyl ester) (PMVEMA-Es) and three fluorene-based cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes to develop fluorescent nanoparticles with emission in the blue, green and red spectral regions. The size, Zeta Potential, polydispersity, morphology, time-stability and fluorescent properties of these nanoparticles were characterized, as well as the nature of the interaction between both PMVEMA-Es and fluorescent polyelectrolytes. Because PMVEMA-Es contains a carboxylic acid group in its structure, the effects of pH and ionic strength on the nanoparticles were also evaluated, finding that the size is responsive to pH and ionic strength, largely swelling at physiological pH and returning to their initial size at acidic pHs. Thus, the developed fluorescent nanoparticles can be categorized as pH-sensitive fluorescent nanogels, since they possess the properties of both pH-responsive hydrogels and nanoparticulate systems. Doxorubicin (DOX) was used as a model drug to show the capacity of the blue-emitting nanogels to hold drugs in acidic media and release them at physiological pH, from changes in the fluorescence properties of both nanoparticles and DOX. In addition, preliminary studies by super-resolution confocal microscopy were performed, regarding their potential use as image probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Martínez-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (A.M.); (R.M.)
| | | | | | - Carmen Reyes Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (A.M.); (R.M.)
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Cao Z, Leng M, Cao Y, Gu X, Fang L. How rigid are conjugated non‐ladder and ladder polymers? JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Mingwan Leng
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Yirui Cao
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
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Cao Z, Li Z, Zhang S, Galuska L, Li T, Do C, Xia W, Hong K, Gu X. Decoupling Poly(3-alkylthiophenes)’ Backbone and Side-Chain Conformation by Selective Deuteration and Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Zhaofan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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Hollingsworth WR, Williams V, Ayzner AL. Semiconducting Eggs and Ladders: Understanding Exciton Landscape Formation in Aqueous π-Conjugated Inter-Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Vanessa Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander L. Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Shakya A, Girard M, King JT, Olvera de la Cruz M. Role of Chain Flexibility in Asymmetric Polyelectrolyte Complexation in Salt Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Shakya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, S. Korea
| | - Martin Girard
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John T. King
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, S. Korea
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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