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Zhang T, Potgieter TI, Kosche E, Rückert J, Ostermann E, Schulz T, Empting M, Brune W. Thioxothiazolo[3,4-a]quinazoline derivatives inhibit the human cytomegalovirus alkaline nuclease. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105696. [PMID: 37541625 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, human herpesvirus 5) is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for serious disease in immunocompromised patients. Current antiviral therapies rely predominantly on drugs interfering with viral DNA replication and packaging. However, the serious side effects of existing drugs and the emergence of drug resistance indicate the need for new targets for anti-HCMV therapy. One such target is the viral alkaline nuclease (AN), an enzyme highly conserved among the Herpesviridae. In this study, we validated the HCMV AN, encoded by the viral UL98 open reading frame, as a drug target by demonstrating that a UL98-deficient HCMV mutant is severely attenuated and shows a reduced ability to spread in cell culture. We established a fluorescence-based enzyme assay suitable for high-throughput screening and used it on a small-molecule compound library. The most promising hit, a thioxothiazolo[3,4-a]quinazoline derivative, blocked AN activity in vitro and inhibited HCMV replication in plaque reduction (PRA) and fluorescence reduction assays (FRA). Several derivatives of the hit compound were tested, some of which had similar or better inhibitory activities. The most potent derivative of hit scaffold A, compound AD-51, inhibited HCMV replication with a 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 0.9 μM in the FRA and 1.1 μM in the PRA. AD-51 was also active against ganciclovir, foscarnet, and letermovir-resistant HCMVs. Moreover, it inhibited herpes simplex virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and murine CMV, a mouse virus serving as a model for HCMV. These results suggest that thioxothiazolo[3,4-a]quinazoline derivatives are a new class of herpesvirus inhibitors targeting the viral AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Theodore I Potgieter
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Erik Kosche
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schulz
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany.
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Galehban MH, Zeynizadeh B, Mousavi H. Introducing Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1@MPTMS@CuII catalytic applications for the green one-pot syntheses of 2-aryl(or heteroaryl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and 9-aryl-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-diones. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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