1
|
Yu X, Zhao X, Li L, Huang Y, Cui C, Hu Q, Xu H, Yin B, Chen X, Zhao D, Qiu Y, Hou Y. Recent advances in small molecule Nav 1.7 inhibitors for cancer pain management. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107605. [PMID: 38971095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is the primary neuron responsible for transmitting peripheral pain signals to the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in pain transduction. Modulation of DRG excitability is considered a viable approach for pain management. Neuronal excitability is intricately linked to the ion channels on the neurons. The small and medium-sized DRG neurons are chiefly engaged in pain conduction and have high levels of TTX-S sodium channels, with Nav1.7 accounting for approximately 80% of the current. Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC or Nav) blockers are vital targets for the management of central nervous system diseases, particularly chronic pain. VGSCs play a key role in controlling cellular excitability. Clinical research has shown that Nav1.7 plays a crucial role in pain sensation, and there is strong genetic evidence linking Nav1.7 and its encoding gene SCN9A gene to painful disorders in humans. Many studies have shown that Nav1.7 plays an important role in pain management. The role of Nav1.7 in pain signaling pathways makes it an attractive target for the potential development of new pain drugs. Meanwhile, understanding the architecture of Nav1.7 may help to develop the next generation of painkillers. This review provides updates on the recently reported molecular inhibitors targeting the Nav1.7 pathway, summarizes their structure-activity relationships (SARs), and discusses their therapeutic effects on painful diseases. Pharmaceutical chemists are working to improve the therapeutic index of Nav1.7 inhibitors, achieve better analgesic effects, and reduce side effects. We hope that this review will contribute to the development of novel Nav1.7 inhibitors as potential drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xingyi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chaoyang Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiaoguan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd., 1 South Yangtze River Road, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Bixi Yin
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Haici Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8 Taizhen Road, Medical New & Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Haici Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8 Taizhen Road, Medical New & Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Haici Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8 Taizhen Road, Medical New & Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Haici Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8 Taizhen Road, Medical New & Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Flores-Holguín N, Salas-Leiva JS, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Tovar-Ramírez D, Glossman-Mitnik D. Marine Toxins as Pharmaceutical Treasure Troves: A Focus on Saxitoxin Derivatives from a Computational Point of View. Molecules 2024; 29:275. [PMID: 38202857 PMCID: PMC10780485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work highlights the significant potential of marine toxins, particularly saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives, in the exploration of novel pharmaceuticals. These toxins, produced by aquatic microorganisms and collected by bivalve mollusks and other filter-feeding organisms, offer a vast reservoir of chemical and biological diversity. They interact with sodium channels in physiological processes, affecting various functions in organisms. Exposure to these toxins can lead to symptoms ranging from tingling sensations to respiratory failure and cardiovascular shock, with STX being one of the most potent. The structural diversity of STX derivatives, categorized into carbamate, N-sulfocarbamoyl, decarbamoyl, and deoxydecarbamoyl toxins, offers potential for drug development. The research described in this work aimed to computationally characterize 18 STX derivatives, exploring their reactivity properties within marine sponges using conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) techniques. Additionally, their pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, and drug-likeness scores were assessed. The outcomes of this research were the chemical reactivity parameters calculated via CDFT as well as the estimated pharmacokinetic and ADME properties derived using computational tools. While they may not align directly, the integration of these distinct datasets enriches our comprehensive understanding of the compound's properties and potential applications. Thus, this study holds promise for uncovering new pharmaceutical candidates from the considered marine toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Flores-Holguín
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Chih, Mexico; (J.S.S.-L.); (D.G.-M.)
| | - Joan S. Salas-Leiva
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Chih, Mexico; (J.S.S.-L.); (D.G.-M.)
| | - Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (E.J.N.-V.); (D.T.-R.)
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (E.J.N.-V.); (D.T.-R.)
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Chih, Mexico; (J.S.S.-L.); (D.G.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|