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Flores-Holguín N, Salas-Leiva JS, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Tovar-Ramírez D, Glossman-Mitnik D. Marine Toxins as Pharmaceutical Treasure Troves: A Focus on Saxitoxin Derivatives from a Computational Point of View. Molecules 2024; 29:275. [PMID: 38202857 PMCID: PMC10780485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work highlights the significant potential of marine toxins, particularly saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives, in the exploration of novel pharmaceuticals. These toxins, produced by aquatic microorganisms and collected by bivalve mollusks and other filter-feeding organisms, offer a vast reservoir of chemical and biological diversity. They interact with sodium channels in physiological processes, affecting various functions in organisms. Exposure to these toxins can lead to symptoms ranging from tingling sensations to respiratory failure and cardiovascular shock, with STX being one of the most potent. The structural diversity of STX derivatives, categorized into carbamate, N-sulfocarbamoyl, decarbamoyl, and deoxydecarbamoyl toxins, offers potential for drug development. The research described in this work aimed to computationally characterize 18 STX derivatives, exploring their reactivity properties within marine sponges using conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) techniques. Additionally, their pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, and drug-likeness scores were assessed. The outcomes of this research were the chemical reactivity parameters calculated via CDFT as well as the estimated pharmacokinetic and ADME properties derived using computational tools. While they may not align directly, the integration of these distinct datasets enriches our comprehensive understanding of the compound's properties and potential applications. Thus, this study holds promise for uncovering new pharmaceutical candidates from the considered marine toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Flores-Holguín
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Chih, Mexico; (J.S.S.-L.); (D.G.-M.)
| | - Joan S. Salas-Leiva
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Chih, Mexico; (J.S.S.-L.); (D.G.-M.)
| | - Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (E.J.N.-V.); (D.T.-R.)
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (E.J.N.-V.); (D.T.-R.)
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Chih, Mexico; (J.S.S.-L.); (D.G.-M.)
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Flores-Holguín N, Salas-Leiva JS, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Tovar-Ramírez D, Glossman-Mitnik D. Exploring marine toxins: comparative analysis of chemical reactivity properties and potential for drug discovery. Front Chem 2023; 11:1286804. [PMID: 38025068 PMCID: PMC10646282 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1286804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine toxins, produced by various marine microorganisms, pose significant risks to both marine ecosystems and human health. Understanding their diverse structures and properties is crucial for effective mitigation and exploration of their potential as therapeutic agents. This study presents a comparative analysis of two hydrophilic and two lipophilic marine toxins, examining their reactivity properties and bioavailability scores. By investigating similarities among these structurally diverse toxins, valuable insights into their potential as precursors for novel drug development can be gained. The exploration of lipophilic and hydrophilic properties in drug design is essential due to their distinct implications on drug distribution, elimination, and target interaction. By elucidating shared molecular properties among toxins, this research aims to identify patterns and trends that may guide future drug discovery efforts and contribute to the field of molecular toxinology. The findings from this study have the potential to expand knowledge on toxins, facilitate a deeper understanding of their bioactivities, and unlock new therapeutic possibilities to address unmet biomedical needs. The results showcased similarities among the studied systems, while also highlighting the exceptional attributes of Domoic Acid (DA) in terms of its interaction capabilities and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Flores-Holguín N, Salas-Leiva JS, Glossman-Mitnik D. Computational Discovery of Marine Molecules of the Cyclopeptide Family with Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1377. [PMID: 37895848 PMCID: PMC10610383 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stellatolides are natural compounds that have shown promising biological activities, including antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making them potential candidates for drug development. Chemical Reactivity Theory (CRT) is a branch of chemistry that explains and predicts the behavior of chemical reactions based on the electronic structure of molecules. Conceptual Density Functional Theory (CDFT) and Computational Peptidology (CP) are computational approaches used to study the behavior of atoms, molecules, and peptides. In this study, we present the results of our investigation of the chemical reactivity and ADMET properties of Stellatolides A-H using a novel computational approach called Conceptual DFT-based Computational Peptidology (CDFT-CP). Our study uses CDFT and CP to predict the reactivity and stability of molecules and to understand the behavior of peptides at the molecular level. We also predict the ADMET properties of the Stellatolides A-H to provide insight into their effectiveness, potential side effects, and optimal dosage and route of administration, as well as their biological targets. This study sheds light on the potential of Stellatolides A-H as promising candidates for drug development and highlights the potential of CDFT-CP for the study of other natural compounds and peptides.
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Ashok UP, Kollur SP, Anil N, Arun BP, Jadhav SN, Sarsamkar S, Helavi VB, Srinivasan A, Kaulage S, Veerapur R, Al-Rashed S, Syed A, Ortega-Castro J, Frau J, Flores-Holguín N, Glossman-Mitnik D. Preparation, Spectroscopic Characterization, Theoretical Investigations, and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) Complexes of 4(3 H)-Quinazolinone-Derived Schiff Base. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245973. [PMID: 33339433 PMCID: PMC7766817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new Schiff base ligand 3-[[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-methylidene]amino]-2-methyl-quinazolin-4(3H)-one (HAMQ) and its Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) complexes (C1–C4). The ligand HAMQ was synthesized by reacting 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-amino-2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone in a 1:1 molar ratio. The structure of the ligand and its complexes (C1–C4) were evaluated using ultraviolet (UV)–visible (Vis) light spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, MS, elemental analysis, conductance data, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The characterization results suggested that the bidentate ligand, HAMQ, coordinated to the metal center through the lactum oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen. Moreover, all the metal complexes were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction studies, which revealed that all of them belong to a triclinic crystal system. The research was supplemented by density functional theory (DFT) studies on the IR and UV–Vis spectra, as well as the chemical reactivity of the HAMQ and its four metallic derivatives making use of conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) by means of KID (Koopmans in DFT) methodology. The synthesized complexes displayed significant in vitro anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines (HeLa and HCT-115).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubale Panchsheela Ashok
- Department of Chemistry, Rajaram College, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, Maharashtra, India;
- N.K. Orchid College of Engineering and Technology, Solapur 413 002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shiva Prasad Kollur
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru campus, Mysuru 570 026, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.P.K.); (V.B.H.)
| | - Nishad Anil
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Mumbai 400 032, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Bansode Prakash Arun
- Department of Chemistry, Sangola College Sangola, Sangola 413 307, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Sanjay Namdev Jadhav
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Sanjay Sarsamkar
- Department of Chemistry, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur 413 002, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Vasant Baburao Helavi
- Department of Chemistry, Rajaram College, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (S.P.K.); (V.B.H.)
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sandeep Kaulage
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Ravindra Veerapur
- Department of Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 5916, Limbe, Malawi;
| | - Sarah Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les IllesBalears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (J.O.-C.); (J.F.); (D.G.-M.)
| | - Juan Frau
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les IllesBalears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (J.O.-C.); (J.F.); (D.G.-M.)
| | - Norma Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en MaterialesAvanzados, Chihuahua, Chih 31136, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les IllesBalears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (J.O.-C.); (J.F.); (D.G.-M.)
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en MaterialesAvanzados, Chihuahua, Chih 31136, Mexico;
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