1
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Huang Z, Li L, Cheng B, Li D. Small molecules targeting HDAC6 for cancer treatment: Current progress and novel strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117218. [PMID: 39084081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various cancers, as its overexpression is linked to tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, HDAC6 has emerged as an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery in the past decade. However, the development of conventional HDAC6 inhibitors has been hampered by their limited clinical efficacy, acquired resistance, and inability to inhibit non-enzymatic functions of HDAC6. To overcome these challenges, new strategies, such as dual-acting inhibitors, targeted protein degradation (TPD) technologies (including PROTACs, HyT), are essential to enhance the anticancer activity of HDAC6 inhibitors. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the design and development of HDAC6 modulators, including isoform-selective HDAC6 inhibitors, HDAC6-based dual-target inhibitors, and targeted protein degraders (PROTACs, HyT), from the perspectives of rational design, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical status. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for HDAC6-based drug discovery for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, 3025 Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Binbin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China.
| | - Deping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
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2
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Anraku T, Murata M, Kuroki H, Kazama A, Shirono Y, Tasaki M, Bilim V, Tomita Y. Selective HDAC6 Inhibition Has the Potential for Anti-Cancer Effect in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2024; 14:704. [PMID: 39063958 PMCID: PMC11278056 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the prognosis for patients with metastatic RCC remains poor, as they are often incurable. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies to further enhance the efficacy of RCC treatment and improve patient outcomes. One such promising avenue lies in targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6, a protein known to regulate numerous crucial biological processes implicated in cancer progression by modulating the acetylation status of various cytoplasmic proteins. To explore the therapeutic potential of HDAC6 inhibition in RCC, our study focused on investigating the effects of HDAC6 inhibitors on cultured RCC cells. Utilizing a panel of 12 small molecule selective HDAC6 inhibitors and employing genetic knockdown techniques, we examined the impact of HDAC6 inhibition on RCC cellular dynamics. Our findings revealed that HDAC6 inhibition exerted a profound effect on RCC cells, resulting in decreased cell viability and DNA replication. Importantly, this effect was attributed to the induction of apoptosis. Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of selective HDAC6 inhibitors on RCC. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of HDAC6 inhibition is important to explore new therapeutic strategies for metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Anraku
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroo Kuroki
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Akira Kazama
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuko Shirono
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Masayuki Tasaki
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Vladimir Bilim
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Urology, Kameda Daiichi Hospital, Niigata 950-0165, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Department of Urology, Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (V.B.); (Y.T.)
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3
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Peng J, Xie F, Qin P, Liu Y, Niu H, Sun J, Xue H, Zhao Q, Liu J, Wu J. Recent development of selective inhibitors targeting the HDAC6 as anti-cancer drugs: Structure, function and design. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106622. [PMID: 37244230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
HDAC6, a member of the histone deacetylase family, mainly is a cytosolic protein and regulates cell growth by acting on non-histone substrates, such as α -tubulin, cortactin, heat shock protein HSP90, programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that are closely related to the proliferation, invasion, immune escape and angiogenesis of cancer tissues. The approved drugs targeting the HDACs are all pan-inhibitors and have many side effects due to their lack of selectivity. Therefore, development of selective inhibitors of HDAC6 has attracted much attention in the field of cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the relationship between HDAC6 and cancer, and discuss the design strategies of HDAC6 inhibitors for cancer treatment in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Pengxia Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haoqian Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haoyu Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Qianlong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jingqian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jingde Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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4
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Geurs S, Clarisse D, De Bosscher K, D'hooghe M. The Zinc-Binding Group Effect: Lessons from Non-Hydroxamic Acid Vorinostat Analogs. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37276138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes pursued as drug targets in various cancers and several non-oncological conditions, such as inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. In the past decade, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have emerged as relevant pharmaceuticals, with many efforts devoted to the development of new representatives. However, the growing safety concerns regarding the established hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors tend to drive current research more toward the design of inhibitors bearing alternative zinc-binding groups (ZBGs). This Perspective presents an overview of all non-hydroxamic acid ZBGs that have been incorporated into the clinically approved prototypical HDACi, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat). This provides the unique opportunity to compare the inhibition potential and biological effects of different ZBGs in a direct way, as the compounds selected for this Perspective differ only in their ZBG. To that end, different strategies used to select a ZBG, its properties, activity, and liabilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Geurs
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Wang C, Zhu M, Long X, Wang Q, Wang Z, Ouyang G. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 1 H-indazole-3-amine Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108686. [PMID: 37240028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of indazole derivatives were designed and synthesized by molecular hybridization strategy, and these compounds were evaluated the inhibitory activities against human cancer cell lines of lung (A549), chronic myeloid leukemia (K562), prostate (PC-3), and hepatoma (Hep-G2) by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Among these, compound 6o exhibited a promising inhibitory effect against the K562 cell line with the IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) value of 5.15 µM, and this compound showed great selectivity for normal cell (HEK-293, IC50 = 33.2 µM). Moreover, compound 6o was confirmed to affect apoptosis and cell cycle possibly by inhibiting Bcl2 family members and the p53/MDM2 pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Overall, this study indicates that compound 6o could be a promising scaffold to develop an effective and low-toxic anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuesha Long
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guiping Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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6
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Medicinal chemistry insights into non-hydroxamate HDAC6 selective inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Bao Y, Huang Z, Gu X, Wang G, Li J. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of thiol-based histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:90-107. [PMID: 35404520 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors are safe and well-tolerated with less off-target effect. However, most available HDAC6 inhibitors contain hydroxamate as a zinc-binding group (ZBG), and their unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties along with potential genotoxicity limited wide application in diverse diseases. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of selective HDAC6 inhibitors utilizing thiol as the ZBG and discussed their structure-activity relationship based on molecular docking. In particular, compound 21, obtained by constantly step-by-step simplification and evolution based on Ricolinostat, a specific HDAC6 inhibitor in Phase II, unexpectedly showed high selectivity (29-fold) and moderate potency (73 nM). Utilizing pyrimidine as a linker in thiol-based HDAC6 inhibitors produces an utterly novel structure, which might display different pharmacokinetic properties and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Bao
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu Gu
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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8
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Design, Synthesis, Bioactivity Evaluation, Crystal Structures, and In Silico Studies of New α-Amino Amide Derivatives as Potential Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103335. [PMID: 35630812 PMCID: PMC9147695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxamate, as a zinc-binding group (ZBG), prevails in the design of histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6) inhibitors due to its remarkable zinc-chelating capability. However, hydroxamate-associated genotoxicity and mutagenicity have limited the widespread application of corresponding HDAC6 inhibitors in the treatment of human diseases. To avoid such side effects, researchers are searching for novel ZBGs that may be used for the synthesis of HDAC6 inhibitors. In this study, a series of stereoisomeric compounds were designed and synthesized to discover non-hydroxamate HDAC6 inhibitors using α-amino amide as zinc-ion-chelating groups, along with a pair of enantiomeric isomers with inverted L-shaped vertical structure as cap structures. The anti-proliferative activities were determined against HL-60, Hela, and RPMI 8226 cells, and 7a and its stereoisomer 13a exhibited excellent activities against Hela cells with IC50 = 0.31 µM and IC50 = 5.19 µM, respectively. Interestingly, there is a significant difference between the two stereoisomers. Moreover, an evaluation of cytotoxicity toward human normal liver cells HL-7702 indicated its safety for normal cells. X-ray single crystal diffraction was employed to increase insights into molecule structure and activities. It was found that the carbonyl of the amide bond is on the different side from the amino and pyridine nitrogen atoms. To identify possible protein targets to clarify the mechanism of action and biological activity of 7a, a small-scale virtual screen using reverse docking for HDAC isoforms (1–10) was performed and the results showed that HDAC6 was the best receptor for 7a, suggesting that HDAC6 may be a potential target for 7a. The interaction pattern analysis showed that the α-amino amide moiety of 7a coordinated with the zinc ion of HDAC6 in a bidentate chelate manner, which is similar to the chelation pattern of hydroxamic acid. Finally, the molecular dynamics simulation approaches were used to assess the docked complex’s conformational stability. In this work, we identified 7a as a potential HDAC6 inhibitor and provide some references for the discovery of non-hydroxamic acid HDAC6 inhibitors.
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9
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Geurs S, Clarisse D, Baele F, Franceus J, Desmet T, De Bosscher K, D'hooghe M. Identification of mercaptoacetamide-based HDAC6 inhibitors via a lean inhibitor strategy: screening, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6239-6242. [PMID: 35510683 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-selective inhibition of different histone deacetylase enzymes by hydroxamic acid-based drugs causes severe side effects when used as a (long-term) cancer treatment. In this work, we searched for a potent zinc-binding group able to replace the contested hydroxamic acid by employing a lean inhibitor strategy. This instructed the synthesis of a set of HDAC6-selective inhibitors containing the more desirable mercaptoacetamide moiety. Biological evaluation of these new compounds showed an IC50 in the nanomolar range, dose-dependent HDAC6 inhibition in MM1.S cells and improved genotoxicity results, rendering these new inhibitors valuable hits for applications even beyond oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Geurs
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, FSVMII, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, FSVMII, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, FSVMII, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Freya Baele
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jorick Franceus
- Center for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Center for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, FSVMII, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, FSVMII, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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10
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Gu X, Zhang H, Jiao M, Han B, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang Q. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors with blood-brain barrier penetration as a potential strategy for CNS-Disorders therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114090. [PMID: 34992037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) have been applied to certain cancer diseases and more recently to central nervous system (CNS) disorders including Rett syndrome, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and major depressive disorder. Brain penetrance is the major challenge for the development of HDAC6is as potential therapeutics for CNS disorders due in part to the polarity of hydroxamate ZBG. Hence, only a handful of brain-penetrant HDAC6is have been reported and a few display appropriate in vitro and in vivo activities in models of neurological diseases in last decades. This review summarizes the contemporary research being done on HADC6is with brain penetration both the biological pathways involved and the structural modification attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Gu
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minru Jiao
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Han
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zixue Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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11
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Bonanni D, Citarella A, Moi D, Pinzi L, Bergamini E, Rastelli G. Dual Targeting Strategies On Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) And Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90). Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1474-1502. [PMID: 34477503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210902145102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design of multi-target drugs acting simultaneously on multiple signaling pathways is a growing field in medicinal chemistry, especially for the treatment of complex diseases such as cancer. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an established anticancer drug target involved in tumor cells transformation. Being an epigenetic enzyme at the interplay of many biological processes, HDAC6 has become an attractive target for polypharmacology studies aimed at improving therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. For example, the molecular chaperone Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a substrate of HDAC6 deacetylation, and several lines of evidence demonstrate that simultaneous inhibition of HDAC6 and Hsp90 promote synergistic antitumor effects on different cancer cell lines, highlighting the potential benefits of developing a single molecule endowed with multi-target activity. This review will summarize the complex interplay between HDAC6 and Hsp90, providing also useful hints for multi-target drug design and discovery approaches in this field. To this end, crystallographic structures of HDAC6 and Hsp90 complexes will be extensively reviewed in the light of discussing binding pockets features and pharmacophore requirements and providing useful guidelines for the design of dual inhibitors. The few examples of multi-target inhibitors obtained so far, mostly based on chimeric approaches, will be summarized and put into context. Finally, the main features of HDAC6 and Hsp90 inhibitors will be compared, and ligand- and structure-based strategies potentially useful for the development of small molecular weight dual inhibitors will be proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bonanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Moi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Bergamini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
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12
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Kurohara T, Tanaka K, Takahashi D, Ueda S, Yamashita Y, Takada Y, Takeshima H, Yu S, Itoh Y, Hase K, Suzuki T. Identification of Novel Histone Deacetylase 6-Selective Inhibitors Bearing 3,3,3-Trifluorolactic Amide (TFLAM) Motif as a Zinc Binding Group. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3158-3163. [PMID: 34224197 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer and immunological diseases. Most of the previously reported HDAC6 inhibitors have a hydroxamate group as a zinc binding group (ZBG), which coordinates to the catalytic zinc ion of HDAC6. The hydroxamate group is liable to metabolically generate mutagenetic hydroxylamine; therefore, non-hydroxamate HDAC6 inhibitors would be advantageous. In this study, to identify novel non-hydroxamate HDAC6-selective inhibitors, screening of a chemical library and the subsequent structural optimization were performed, which led to the identification of HDAC6-selective inhibitors with 3,3,3-trifluorolactic amide (TFLAM) as a novel ZBG. The identified inhibitor showed potent and selective HDAC6-inhibitory activity in cells and induced regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurohara
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Keita Tanaka
- Bio Science and Engineering Laboratory, Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577, Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueda
- Bio Science and Engineering Laboratory, Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577, Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yamashita
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuri Takada
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takeshima
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shengwang Yu
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Itoh
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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13
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Kuroki H, Anraku T, Kazama A, Shirono Y, Bilim V, Tomita Y. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition in urothelial cancer as a potential new strategy for cancer treatment. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:64. [PMID: 33281975 PMCID: PMC7709567 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones and have attracted attention as potential targets for cancer therapy. Several small molecule inhibitors have been developed to target HDACs; however, clinical trials of pan-HDAC inhibitors have found these types of inhibitors to be inefficient and to be relatively highly toxic. In the present study, the role of one HDAC isozyme, HDAC6, in urothelial cancer was investigated. Protein expression levels and subcellular localization of HDAC6 was identified in surgically resected bladder tumors using immunohistochemistry. The antitumor effects of 12 small molecule HDAC6 inhibitors were also examined in vitro using cultured urothelial cancer cells. The HDAC6 inhibitors decreased cell viability, with IC50 values in the low µM range, as low as 2.20 µM. HDACi D, E and F had the lowest IC50 values. HDAC6 has been previously reported to regulate programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L1 expression was found to be a predictor of decreased overall survival time. There was no association between the protein expression level of HDAC6 and PD-L1 in tumor tissues; however, HDAC6 inhibition by specific small molecule inhibitors resulted in decreased expression levels of membranous PD-L1 in cultured urothelial cancer cell lines. The results suggested that inhibition of HDAC6 could be a promising novel approach for the treatment of urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Kuroki
- Department of Urology, Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Anraku
- Department of Urology, Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Kazama
- Department of Urology, Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Shirono
- Department of Urology, Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Vladimir Bilim
- Department of Urology, Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Department of Urology, Kameda Daiichi Hospital, Niigata 950-0165, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Department of Urology, Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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14
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Pulya S, Amin SA, Adhikari N, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. HDAC6 as privileged target in drug discovery: A perspective. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105274. [PMID: 33171304 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HDAC6, a class IIB HDAC isoenzyme, stands unique in its structural and physiological functions. Besides histone modification, largely due to its cytoplasmic localization, HDAC6 also targets several non-histone proteins including Hsp90, α-tubulin, cortactin, HSF1, etc. Thus, it is one of the key regulators of different physiological and pathological disease conditions. HDAC6 is involved in different signaling pathways associated with several neurological disorders, various cancers at early and advanced stage, rare diseases and immunological conditions. Therefore, targeting HDAC6 has been found to be effective for various therapeutic purposes in recent years. Though several HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) have been developed till date, only two ACY-1215 (ricolinostat) and ACY-241 (citarinostat) are in the clinical trials. A lot of work is still needed to pinpoint strictly selective as well as potent HDAC6i. Considering the recent crystal structure of HDAC6, novel HDAC6is of significant therapeutic value can be designed. Notably, the canonical pharmacophore features of HDAC6is consist of a zinc binding group (ZBG), a linker function and a cap group. Significant modifications of cap function may lead to achieve better selectivity of the inhibitors. This review details the study about the structural biology of HDAC6, the physiological and pathological role of HDAC6 in several disease states and the detailed structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the known HDAC6is. This detailed review will provide key insights to design novel and highly effective HDAC6i in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Pulya
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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15
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Tavares MT, Kozikowski AP, Shen S. Mercaptoacetamide: A promising zinc-binding group for the discovery of selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112887. [PMID: 33035922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a zinc-dependent HDAC that mainly modulates the acetylation status of non-histone substrates, such as α-tubulin and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The activity of HDAC6 plays a critical role in cell proliferation, protein trafficking and degradation, cell shape, migration, as well as regulation of immunomodulatory factors. For this reason, HDAC6 influences the progress of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune responses. In the last few years, the discovery of selective HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) has become an attractive research area as five HDAC6is are being investigated in phase I/II clinical trials. However, the hydroxamic acid functional group still represents the predominant zinc-binding group (ZBG), that often suffers from poor pharmacokinetics and mutagenic potential, thus impairing the application of hydroxamate-based HDAC6is for long-term therapies. On the other hand, mercaptoacetamide (MCA)-based HDAC6is comprise a class of compounds that, in some cases, display nanomolar HDAC6 potency and a thousand-fold selectivity over class I HDAC isozymes. Moreover, MCA-based HDAC6is lack the mutagenicity associated with the hydroxamate function and display pharmacological effects, demonstrating the potential of this particular ZBG to improve upon the drug-like properties of HDAC6is. Herein, we summarize for the first time the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MCA-based HDAC6is, discuss their HDAC6 selectivity at the molecular level using inhibitor-HDAC co-crystal structures, and further provide our perspective regarding their drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício T Tavares
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, United States
| | | | - Sida Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, And Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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16
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Cell-specific role of histone deacetylase 6 in chemotherapy-induced mechanical allodynia and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers. Pain 2020; 160:2877-2890. [PMID: 31356453 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious adverse side effect of cancer treatment with no Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for its prevention or management. Using RNA sequencing analysis of dorsal root ganglia (DRG), we identify critical contributions of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and mitochondrial damage to the establishment of CIPN in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy. We show that pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 using ACY-1215 or global deletion of HDAC6 is sufficient to prevent cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia, loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs), and mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits in DRG neurons and peripheral nerves in male and female mice. The bioenergetic deficits in the neuronal cell bodies in the DRG are characterized by reduced oxidative phosphorylation, whereas the mitochondrial deficits in the nerves are due to a reduction in axonal mitochondrial content. Notably, deleting HDAC6 in sensory neurons protects against the cisplatin-induced loss of IENFs and the reduction in mitochondrial bioenergetics and content in the peripheral nerve. By contrast, deletion of HDAC6 in sensory neurons only partially and transiently prevents cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and does not protect against impairment of mitochondrial function in DRG neurons. We further reveal a critical role of T cells in the protective effects of HDAC6 inhibition on these signs of CIPN. In summary, we show that cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia is associated with mitochondrial damage in DRG neurons, whereas the loss of IENFs is related to bioenergetic deficits in peripheral nerves. Moreover, our findings identify cell-specific contributions of HDAC6 to mechanical allodynia and loss of IENFs that characterize cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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17
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Osko JD, Christianson DW. Structural determinants of affinity and selectivity in the binding of inhibitors to histone deacetylase 6. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127023. [PMID: 32067866 PMCID: PMC7067655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is associated with multiple neurological disorders as well as aggressive cancers, making its selective inhibition highly desirable for therapeutic purposes. The basic molecular design of an effective HDAC6 inhibitor consists of a zinc-binding group, a linker, and a capping group capable of making interactions at the mouth of the active site. To date, more than 50 high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of HDAC6-inhibitor complexes have been reported, many of which reveal intermolecular interactions that contribute to isozyme affinity and selectivity. Here, we review the key features of HDAC6 inhibitor design illuminated by these structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States.
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18
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Shen S, Kozikowski AP. A patent review of histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases (2014-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:121-136. [PMID: 31865813 PMCID: PMC6950832 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1708901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is unique in comparison with other zinc-dependent HDAC family members. An increasing amount of evidence from clinical and preclinical research demonstrates the potential of HDAC6 inhibition as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, as well as neurological disorders. The recently disclosed crystal structures of HDAC6-ligand complexes offer further means for achieving pharmacophore refinement, thus further accelerating the pace of HDAC6 inhibitor discovery in the last few years.Area covered: This review summarizes the latest clinical status of HDAC6 inhibitors, discusses pharmacological applications of selective HDAC6 inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases, and describes the patent applications dealing with HDAC6 inhibitors from 2014-2019 that have not been reported in research articles.Expert opinion: Phenylhydroxamate has proven a very useful scaffold in the discovery of potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. However, weaknesses of the hydroxamate function such as metabolic instability and mutagenic potential limit its application in the neurological field, where long-term administration is required. The recent invention of oxadiazole-based ligands by pharmaceutical companies may provide a new opportunity to optimize the druglike properties of HDAC6 inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
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19
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HDAC6-an Emerging Target Against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020318. [PMID: 32013157 PMCID: PMC7072136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib became the standard treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) about 20 years ago, which was a major breakthrough in stabilizing the pathology and improving the quality of life of patients. However, the emergence of resistance to imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads researchers to characterize new therapeutic targets. Several studies have highlighted the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in various pathologies, including cancer. This protein effectively intervenes in cellular activities by its primarily cytoplasmic localization. In this review, we will discuss the molecular characteristics of the HDAC6 protein, as well as its overexpression in CML leukemic stem cells, which make it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CML.
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20
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Jin C, Zhu R, Sun B, Zhang L, Zhuang X, Yu C. Visible‐Light‐Induced Remote C−H Difluoroalkylation of 8‐Aminoquinolines via Debrominative Coupling with Functionalized Difluoromethyl Bromides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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21
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Vergani B, Sandrone G, Marchini M, Ripamonti C, Cellupica E, Galbiati E, Caprini G, Pavich G, Porro G, Rocchio I, Lattanzio M, Pezzuto M, Skorupska M, Cordella P, Pagani P, Pozzi P, Pomarico R, Modena D, Leoni F, Perego R, Fossati G, Steinkühler C, Stevenazzi A. Novel Benzohydroxamate-Based Potent and Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors Bearing a Pentaheterocyclic Scaffold: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10711-10739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vergani
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sandrone
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Marchini
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ripamonti
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cellupica
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Galbiati
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Caprini
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pavich
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Porro
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rocchio
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lattanzio
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Pezzuto
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Skorupska
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cordella
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pagani
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Pozzi
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pomarico
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Modena
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Leoni
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Perego
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fossati
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Steinkühler
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Stevenazzi
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
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22
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Shen S, Hadley M, Ustinova K, Pavlicek J, Knox T, Noonepalle S, Tavares MT, Zimprich CA, Zhang G, Robers MB, Bařinka C, Kozikowski AP, Villagra A. Discovery of a New Isoxazole-3-hydroxamate-Based Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor SS-208 with Antitumor Activity in Syngeneic Melanoma Mouse Models. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8557-8577. [PMID: 31414801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoxazole is a five-membered heterocycle that is widely used in drug discovery endeavors. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and structural and biological characterization of SS-208, a novel HDAC6-selective inhibitor containing the isoxazole-3-hydroxamate moiety as a zinc-binding group as well as a hydrophobic linker. A crystal structure of the Danio rerio HDAC6/SS-208 complex reveals a bidentate coordination of the active-site zinc ion that differs from the preferred monodentate coordination observed for HDAC6 complexes with phenylhydroxamate-based inhibitors. While SS-208 has minimal effects on the viability of murine SM1 melanoma cells in vitro, it significantly reduced in vivo tumor growth in a murine SM1 syngeneic melanoma mouse model. These findings suggest that the antitumor activity of SS-208 is mainly mediated by immune-related antitumor activity as evidenced by the increased infiltration of CD8+ and NK+ T cells and the enhanced ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Melissa Hadley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052 , United States
| | - Kseniya Ustinova
- Laboratory of Structural Biology , Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prumyslova 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science , Charles University , Albertov 6 , 128 43 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pavlicek
- Laboratory of Structural Biology , Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prumyslova 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Tessa Knox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052 , United States
| | - Satish Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052 , United States
| | - Mauricio T Tavares
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Chad A Zimprich
- Promega Corporation , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Bontac Bio-Engineering (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518102 , China
| | | | - Cyril Bařinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology , Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prumyslova 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- StarWise Therapeutics LLC, University Research Park, Inc. , Madison , Wisconsin 53719 , United States
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052 , United States
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23
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Nijhuis L, Peeters JGC, Vastert SJ, van Loosdregt J. Restoring T Cell Tolerance, Exploring the Potential of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:151. [PMID: 30792714 PMCID: PMC6374297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is characterized by a loss of immune tolerance. Here, the balance between the activity of effector T (Teff) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells is disturbed resulting in chronic inflammation in the joints. Presently, therapeutic strategies are predominantly aimed at suppressing immune activation and pro-inflammatory effector mechanisms, ignoring the opportunity to also promote tolerance by boosting the regulatory side of the immune balance. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) can deacetylate both histone and non-histone proteins and have been demonstrated to modulate epigenetic regulation as well as cellular signaling in various cell types. Importantly, HDACs are potent regulators of both Teff cell and Treg cell function and can thus be regarded as attractive therapeutic targets in chronic inflammatory arthritis. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have proven therapeutic potential in the cancer field, and are presently being explored for their potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Specific HDACi have already been demonstrated to reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Teff cells, and promote Treg numbers and suppressive capacity in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we outline the role of the different classes of HDACs in both Teff cell and Treg cell function. Furthermore, we will review the effect of different HDACi on T cell tolerance and explore their potential as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of oligoarticular and polyarticular JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Nijhuis
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janneke G C Peeters
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J Vastert
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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24
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Porter N, Shen S, Barinka C, Kozikowski AP, Christianson DW. Molecular Basis for the Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 by a Mercaptoacetamide Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1301-1305. [PMID: 30613344 PMCID: PMC6295862 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercaptoacetamide histone deacetylase inhibitors are neuroprotective agents that do not exhibit the genotoxicity associated with more commonly used hydroxamate inhibitors. Here, we present the crystal structure of a selective mercaptoacetamide complexed with the C-terminal catalytic domain of HDAC6. When compared with the structure of a mercaptoacetamide bound to the class I isozyme HDAC8, different interactions are observed with the conserved tandem histidine pair in the active site. These differences likely contribute to the selectivity for inhibition of HDAC6, an important target for cancer chemotherapy and the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
J. Porter
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sida Shen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Drug Discovery Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Alan P. Kozikowski
- StarWise
Therapeutics LLC, 505
South Rosa Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, United States
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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25
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Wang L, Beier UH, Akimova T, Dahiya S, Han R, Samanta A, Levine MH, Hancock WW. Histone/protein deacetylase inhibitor therapy for enhancement of Foxp3+ T-regulatory cell function posttransplantation. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1596-1603. [PMID: 29603600 PMCID: PMC6035084 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
T-regulatory (Treg) cells are like other cells present throughout the body in being subject to biochemical modifications in response to extracellular signals. An important component of these responses involves changes in posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones and many nonhistone proteins, including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination, and acetylation/deacetylation. Foxp3, the key transcription factor of Tregs, is constantly being rapidly turned over, and a number of these PTMs determine its level of expression and activity. Of interest in the transplant setting, modulation of the acetylation or deacetylation of key lysine residues in Foxp3 can promote the stability and function, leading to increased Treg production and increased Treg suppressive activity. This mini-review focuses on recent data concerning the roles that histone/protein deacetylases (HDACs) play in control of Treg function, and how small molecule HDAC inhibitors can be used to promote Treg-dependent allograft survival in experimental models. These data are discussed in the light of increasing interest in the identification and clinical evaluation of isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors, and their potential application as tools to modulate Foxp3+ Treg cell numbers and function in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - U. H. Beier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T. Akimova
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S. Dahiya
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R. Han
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. Samanta
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M. H. Levine
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, and Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W. W. Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Briere D, Sudhakar N, Woods DM, Hallin J, Engstrom LD, Aranda R, Chiang H, Sodré AL, Olson P, Weber JS, Christensen JG. The class I/IV HDAC inhibitor mocetinostat increases tumor antigen presentation, decreases immune suppressive cell types and augments checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:381-392. [PMID: 29124315 PMCID: PMC11028326 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has led to major treatment advances for several cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite this, a significant percentage of patients do not respond or develop resistance. Potential mechanisms of resistance include lack of expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), decreased capacity to present tumor antigens, and the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Mocetinostat is a spectrum-selective inhibitor of class I/IV histone deacetylases (HDACs), a family of proteins implicated in epigenetic silencing of immune regulatory genes in tumor and immune cells. Mocetinostat upregulated PD-L1 and antigen presentation genes including class I and II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family members in a panel of NSCLC cell lines in vitro. Mocetinostat target gene promoters were occupied by a class I HDAC and exhibited increased active histone marks after mocetinostat treatment. Mocetinostat synergized with interferon γ (IFN-γ) in regulating class II transactivator (CIITA), a master regulator of class II HLA gene expression. In a syngeneic tumor model, mocetinostat decreased intratumoral T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and potentially myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations and increased intratumoral CD8+ populations. In ex vivo assays, patient-derived, mocetinostat-treated Tregs also showed significant down regulation of FOXP3 and HELIOS. The combination of mocetinostat and a murine PD-L1 antibody antagonist demonstrated increased anti-tumor activity compared to either therapy alone in two syngeneic tumor models. Together, these data provide evidence that mocetinostat modulates immune-related genes in tumor cells as well as immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment and enhances checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Briere
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Niranjan Sudhakar
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - David M Woods
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jill Hallin
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Lars D Engstrom
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ruth Aranda
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Harrah Chiang
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Peter Olson
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - James G Christensen
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., 9393 Towne Center Dr, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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27
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Isoform-Selective HDAC Inhibitor Therapy for Transplantation: Are We Ready for HDAC6? Transplantation 2018; 100:1597-8. [PMID: 27222931 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Zhang Q, Dai Y, Cai Z, Mou L. HDAC Inhibitors: Novel Immunosuppressants for Allo- and Xeno- Transplantation. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center; Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital; Sungang Road 3002, Futian District, Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Department Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center; Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital; Sungang Road 3002, Futian District, Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center; Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital; Sungang Road 3002, Futian District, Shenzhen Guangdong China
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29
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Recent advances in the discovery of potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1406-1418. [PMID: 29133060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase HDAC6, a member of the class IIb HDAC family, is unique among HDAC enzymes in having two active catalytic domains, and has unique physiological function. In addition to the modification of histone, HDAC6 targets specific substrates including α-tubulin and HSP90, and are involved in protein trafficking and degradation, cell shape and migration. Selective HDAC6 inhibitors are an emerging class of pharmaceuticals due to the involvement of HDAC6 in different pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and immunology. Therefore, extensive investigations have been made in the discovery of selective HDAC6 inhibitors. Based on their different zinc binding groups (ZBGs), in this review, HDAC6 inhibitors are grouped as hydroxamic acids, a sulfur containing ZBG based derivatives and other ZBG-derived compounds, and their enzymatic inhibitory activity, selectivity and other biological activities are introduced and summarized.
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30
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Zhang Y, Yan J, Yao TP. Discovery of a fluorescent probe with HDAC6 selective inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:596-602. [PMID: 29102179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in discovering HDAC6 selective inhibitors as chemical probes to elucidate the biological functions of HDAC6 and ultimately as new therapeutic agents. Small-molecular fluorescent probes are widely used to detect target protein location and function, identify protein complex composition in biological processes of interest. In the present study, structural modification of the previously reported compound 4MS leads to two novel fluorescent HDAC inhibitors, 6a and 6b. Determination of IC50 values against the panel of Zn2+ dependent HDACs (HDAC1-11) reveals that 6b is a HDAC6 selective inhibitor, which can induce hyperacetylation of tubulin but not histone H4. Importantly, fluorescent and immunofluorescent analyses of cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 demonstrates that 6b can selectively target and image HDAC6 within the inclusion body, the aggresome. These results identify 6b not only as a HDAC6 selective inhibitor but also as a fluorescent probe for imaging HDAC6 and investigating the roles of HDAC6 in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tso-Pang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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31
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Histone/protein deacetylase 11 targeting promotes Foxp3+ Treg function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8626. [PMID: 28819166 PMCID: PMC5561267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current interest in Foxp3+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells as therapeutic targets in transplantation is largely focused on their harvesting pre-transplant, expansion and infusion post-transplantation. An alternate strategy of pharmacologic modulation of Treg function using histone/protein deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may allow more titratable and longer-term dosing. However, the effects of broadly acting HDACi vary, such that HDAC isoform-selective targeting is likely required. We report data from mice with constitutive or conditional deletion of HDAC11 within Foxp3+ Treg cells, and their use, along with small molecule HDAC11 inhibitors, in allograft models. Global HDAC11 deletion had no effect on health or development, and compared to WT controls, Foxp3+ Tregs lacking HDAC11 showed increased suppressive function, and increased expression of Foxp3 and TGF-β. Likewise, compared to WT recipients, conditional deletion of HDAC11 within Tregs led to long-term survival of fully MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts, and prevented development of transplant arteriosclerosis in an MHC class II-mismatched allograft model. The translational significance of HDAC11 targeting was shown by the ability of an HDAC11i to promote long-term allograft allografts in fully MHC-disparate strains. These data are powerful stimuli for the further development and testing of HDAC11-selective pharmacologic inhibitors, and may ultimately provide new therapies for transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
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32
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van den Bosch T, Kwiatkowski M, Bischoff R, Dekker FJ. Targeting transcription factor lysine acetylation in inflammatory airway diseases. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1013-1028. [PMID: 28617138 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are inflammatory airway diseases for which alternative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Interestingly, HDAC inhibitors show anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models for these diseases. Here we explore underlying mechanisms that may explain these effects. In previous studies, effects of HDAC inhibitors on histone acetylation are often correlated with their effects on gene expression. However, effects of HDAC inhibitors on transcription factors and their acetylation status may be particularly important in explaining these effects. These effects are also cell type-specific. Recent developments (including chemoproteomics and acetylomics) allow for a more detailed understanding of the selectivity of HDAC inhibitors, which will drive their further development into applications in inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea van den Bosch
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases & Tuberculosis, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Lv W, Zhang G, Barinka C, Eubanks JH, Kozikowski AP. Design and Synthesis of Mercaptoacetamides as Potent, Selective, and Brain Permeable Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:510-515. [PMID: 28523102 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of nonhydroxamate HDAC6 inhibitors were prepared in our effort to develop potent and selective compounds for possible use in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, thus obviating the genotoxicity often associated with the hydroxamates. Halogens are incorporated in the cap groups of the designed mercaptoacetamides in order to increase brain accessibility. The indole analogue 7e and quinoline analogue 13a displayed potent HDAC6 inhibitory activity (IC50, 11 and 2.8 nM) and excellent selectivity against HDAC1. Both 7e and 13a together with their ester prodrug 14 and disulfide prodrugs 15 and 16 were found to be effective in promoting tubulin acetylation in HEK cells. The disulfide prodrugs 15 and 16 also released a stable concentration of 7e and 13a upon microsomal incubation. Administration of 15 and 16in vivo was found to trigger an increase of tubulin acetylation in mouse cortex. These results suggest that further exploration of these compounds for the treatment of CNS disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Drug Discovery Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Division
of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Science, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - James H. Eubanks
- Division
of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alan P. Kozikowski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Drug Discovery Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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34
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Benoy V, Vanden Berghe P, Jarpe M, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Van Den Bosch L. Development of Improved HDAC6 Inhibitors as Pharmacological Therapy for Axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:417-428. [PMID: 27957719 PMCID: PMC5398982 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 2500. The degeneration of motor and sensory nerve axons leads to motor and sensory symptoms that progress over time and have an important impact on the daily life of these patients. Currently, there is no curative treatment available. Recently, we identified histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which deacetylates α-tubulin, as a potential therapeutic target in axonal CMT (CMT2). Pharmacological inhibition of the deacetylating function of HDAC6 reversed the motor and sensory deficits in a mouse model for mutant "small heat shock protein B1" (HSPB1)-induced CMT2 at the behavioral and electrophysiological level. In order to translate this potential therapeutic strategy into a clinical application, small drug-like molecules that are potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors are essential. To screen for these, we developed a method that consisted of 3 distinct phases and that was based on the pathological findings in the mutant HSPB1-induced CMT2 mouse model. Three different inhibitors (ACY-738, ACY-775, and ACY-1215) were tested and demonstrated to be both potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. Moreover, these inhibitors increased the innervation of the neuromuscular junctions in the gastrocnemius muscle and improved the motor and sensory nerve conduction, confirming that HDAC6 inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy in CMT2. Furthermore, ACY-1215 is an interesting lead molecule as it is currently tested in clinical trials for cancer. Taken together, these results may speed up the translation of pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 into a therapy against CMT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronick Benoy
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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35
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Dou Y, Xie Z, Sun Z, Fang H, Shen C, Zhang P, Zhu Q. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Direct Azidation ofN-Acylated 8-Aminoquinolines by Remote C−H Activation. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Zongguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Hongli Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering; Zhejiang Shuren University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
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36
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Battistuzzi G, Giannini G. Synthesis of ST7612AA1, a Novel Oral HDAC Inhibitor, via Radical
Thioacetic Acid Addition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:282-288. [PMID: 27917100 PMCID: PMC5101637 DOI: 10.2174/1573407212666160504160556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Background In the expanding field of anticancer drugs, HDAC inhibitors are playing an increasingly important role. To date, four/five HDAC inhibitors have been approved by FDA. All these compounds fit the widely accepted HDAC inhibitors pharmacophore model characterized by a cap group, a linker chain and a zinc binding group (ZBG), able to bind the Zn2+ ion in a pocket of the HDAC active site. Romidepsin, a natural compound, is the only thiol derivative. We have selected a new class of synthetic HDAC inhibitors, the thio-ω(lactam-carboxamide) derivatives, with ST7612AA1 as drug candidate, pan-inhibitor active in the range of single- to two-digit nanomolar concentrations. Preliminary results of a synthetic optimization attempt towards a fast scale-up process are here proposed. Methods In the four steps of synthesis, from unsaturated amino acid intermediate to the final product, we explored different synthetic conditions in order to have a transferable process for a scale-up synthetic laboratory. Results In the first step, isobutyl chloroformate was used and, after a simple work up with 1M HCl, 2 (96% yield) was obtained as a white solid, which was used directly in the next step. For thioacetic acid addition to the double bond of intermediate 2, two different routes were possible, with addition reaction in the first (D’) or last step (D). Reactions of 2 to give 5 or of 4 to give ST7612AA1 were both performed in dioxane. Reactions were fast and did not need the usually advised radical quenching with cyclohexene. The corresponding products were obtained in good yields (step D’, 89%; step D, 81%) after a flash chromatography. Conclusion: ST7612AA1 , a thiol derivative prodrug of ST7464AA1, is the first of a new generation of HDAC inhibitors, very potent, orally administered, and well tolerated. Here, we have identified a synthetic route, competitive, versatile and easily transferable to industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- R&D Sigma-Tau IFR S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30,400, I-00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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