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Ke S, Huang W, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Fang W, Wan Z, Gong Y, Yang J, Wang K, Shi L. Diarylamine-Guided Carboxamide Derivatives: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Potential Mechanism of Action. Front Chem 2022; 10:953523. [PMID: 35903190 PMCID: PMC9315260 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.953523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarylamines are a class of important skeleton widely existing in drugs or natural products. To discover novel diarylamine analogues as potential drugs, two series of diamide and carboxamide derivatives containing diarylamine scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their potential cytotoxic activities. The bioassay results indicated that some of the obtained compounds (C5, C6, C7, C11) exhibited good cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, A875, HepG2), especially, compound C11 present significantly selective proliferation inhibition activity on cancer and normal cell lines (MARC145). In addition, the possible apoptosis induction for highly potential molecules was investigated, which present compound C11 could be used as novel lead compound for discovery of promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Ke
- *Correspondence: Shaoyong Ke, ; Kaimei Wang, ; Liqiao Shi,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaimei Wang
- *Correspondence: Shaoyong Ke, ; Kaimei Wang, ; Liqiao Shi,
| | - Liqiao Shi
- *Correspondence: Shaoyong Ke, ; Kaimei Wang, ; Liqiao Shi,
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2
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Ren J, Wu W, Zhang K, Choi EJ, Wang P, Ivanciuc T, Peniche A, Qian Y, Garofalo RP, Zhou J, Bao X. Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP 2 Enhances Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Pulmonary Disease in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757758. [PMID: 34733289 PMCID: PMC8558466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. It is also a significant contributor to upper respiratory tract infections, therefore, a major cause for visits to the pediatrician. High morbidity and mortality are associated with high-risk populations including premature infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. However, no effective and specific treatment is available. Recently, we discovered that an exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP 2 (EPAC2) can serve as a potential therapeutic target for RSV. In both lower and upper epithelial cells, EPAC2 promotes RSV replication and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine induction. However, the overall role of EPAC2 in the pulmonary responses to RSV has not been investigated. Herein, we found that EPAC2-deficient mice (KO) or mice treated with an EPAC2-specific inhibitor showed a significant decrease in body weight loss, airway hyperresponsiveness, and pulmonary inflammation, compared with wild-type (WT) or vehicle-treated mice. Overall, this study demonstrates the critical contribution of the EPAC2-mediated pathway to airway diseases in experimental RSV infection, suggesting the possibility to target EPAC2 as a promising treatment modality for RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Clear Lake, Clear Lake, TX, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Teodora Ivanciuc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Alex Peniche
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Youwen Qian
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Roberto P Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute of Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute of Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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3
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Broad Impact of Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) on Respiratory Viral Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061179. [PMID: 34205489 PMCID: PMC8233786 DOI: 10.3390/v13061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), compared with protein kinase A (PKA), is a fairly new family of cAMP effectors. Soon after the discovery, EPAC has shown its significance in many diseases including its emerging role in infectious diseases. In a recent study, we demonstrated that EPAC, but not PKA, is a promising therapeutic target to regulate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication and its associated inflammation. In mammals, there are two isoforms of EPAC-EPAC1 and EPAC2. Unlike other viruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Ebola virus, which use EPAC1 to regulate viral replication, RSV uses EPAC2 to control its replication and associated cytokine/chemokine responses. To determine whether EPAC2 protein has a broad impact on other respiratory viral infections, we used an EPAC2-specific inhibitor, MAY0132, to examine the functions of EPAC2 in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and adenovirus (AdV) infections. HMPV is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Pneumoviridae, which also includes RSV, while AdV is a double-stranded DNA virus. Treatment with an EPAC1-specific inhibitor was also included to investigate the impact of EPAC1 on these two viruses. We found that the replication of HMPV, AdV, and RSV and the viral-induced immune mediators are significantly impaired by MAY0132, while an EPAC1-specific inhibitor, CE3F4, does not impact or slightly impacts, demonstrating that EPAC2 could serve as a novel common therapeutic target to control these viruses, all of which do not have effective treatment and prevention strategies.
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4
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Palladium-catalyzed highly regioselective Buchwald-Hartwig amination of 5-substituted-1,2,3-triiodobenzene: Facile synthesis of 2,3-diiodinated N-arylanilines as potential anti-inflammatory candidates. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Qureshi U, Khan MI, Ashraf S, Hameed A, Hafizur RM, Rafique R, Khan KM, Ul-Haq Z. Identification of novel Epac2 antagonists through in silico and in vitro analyses. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105492. [PMID: 32730843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
cAMP-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Epac) is a key regulator in signal transduction and represents an excellent drug target to be investigated against various diseases. To date, very few modulators selective for Epac are available; however, there is still an unmet need of isoform-selective inhibitors. In the present study, ligand-based pharmacophores were designed to investigating structurally diverse molecules as Epac2 inhibitors. Pharmacophore models were developed using reported allosteric site inhibitors. The developed models were used to screen 95 thousand compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Maybride, and our in-house ICCBS Database. The binding mode and efficiency of the screened hits was investigated using molecular docking simulation on the allosteric site of Epac2 apo-protein (PDB ID: 2BYV) followed by ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) profiling Furthermore, obtained in silico screened hits were subjected to in vitro assay for insulin secretion. We identified, three lead molecules RDR02145, AAK-399, and AAD-026 reducing, insulin secretion. Remarkably, a higher inhibitory effect on insulin secretion was observed in AAK-399, and AAD-026 as compared to that of standard Epac2 non-competitive allosteric site inhibitor, MAY0132. Furthermore, Dynamic simulation studies of lead compounds proved the structural stability of the Epac2 auto-inhibited state. These findings underline the potential of these compounds as valuable pharmacological tools for designing future selective probes to inhibit the Epac-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Qureshi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Israr Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rahman M Hafizur
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rafaila Rafique
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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6
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Wang P, Luchowska-Stańska U, van Basten B, Chen H, Liu Z, Wiejak J, Whelan P, Morgan D, Lochhead E, Barker G, Rehmann H, Yarwood SJ, Zhou J. Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Noncyclic Nucleotide Exchange Proteins Directly Activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) Regulators. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5159-5184. [PMID: 32340447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) play a central role in various biological functions, and activation of the EPAC1 protein has shown potential benefits for the treatment of various human diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a series of noncyclic nucleotide EPAC1 activators. Several potent EPAC1 binders were identified including 25g, 25q, 25n, 25u, 25e, and 25f, which promote EPAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity in vitro. These agonists can also activate EPAC1 protein in cells, where they exhibit excellent selectivity toward EPAC over protein kinase A and G protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, 25e, 25f, 25n, and 25u exhibited improved selectivity toward activation of EPAC1 over EPAC2 in cells. Of these, 25u was found to robustly inhibit IL-6-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequent induction of the pro-inflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) cell-adhesion protein. These novel EPAC1 activators may therefore act as useful pharmacological tools for elucidation of EPAC function and promising drug leads for the treatment of relevant human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Urszula Luchowska-Stańska
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Boy van Basten
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jolanta Wiejak
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Padraic Whelan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - David Morgan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Emma Lochhead
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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7
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Gray JL, von Delft F, Brennan PE. Targeting the Small GTPase Superfamily through Their Regulatory Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6342-6366. [PMID: 30869179 PMCID: PMC7204875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ras superfamily of small GTPases are guanine-nucleotide-dependent switches essential for numerous cellular processes. Mutations or dysregulation of these proteins are associated with many diseases, but unsuccessful attempts to target the small GTPases directly have resulted in them being classed as "undruggable". The GTP-dependent signaling of these proteins is controlled by their regulators; guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), and in the Rho and Rab subfamilies, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). This review covers the recent small molecule and biologics strategies to target the small GTPases through their regulators. It seeks to critically re-evaluate recent chemical biology practice, such as the presence of PAINs motifs and the cell-based readout using compounds that are weakly potent or of unknown specificity. It highlights the vast scope of potential approaches for targeting the small GTPases in the future through their regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine L. Gray
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxfordOX3 7DQUK
- Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOld Road CampusOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0QXUK
| | - Frank von Delft
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxfordOX3 7DQUK
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0QXUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park2006South Africa
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxfordOX3 7DQUK
- Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOld Road CampusOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
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8
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Richard SA. EPAC2: A new and promising protein for glioma pathogenesis and therapy. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:446. [PMID: 32395202 PMCID: PMC7204831 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are prime brain cancers which are initiated by malignant modification of neural stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated glial cells such as astrocyte, oligodendrocyte as well as ependymal cells. Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are crucial cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP)-determined signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP-intermediated signaling events were utilized to transduce protein kinase A (PKA) leading to the detection of EPACs or cAMP-guanine exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). EPACs have been detected as crucial proteins associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders as well as numerous human diseases. EPAC proteins have two isoforms. These isoforms are EPAC1 and EPAC2. EPAC2 also known as Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (RAPGEF4) is generally expression in all neurites. Higher EAPC2 levels was detected in the cortex, hippocampus as well as striatum of adult mouse brain. Activation as well as over-secretion of EPAC2 triggers apoptosis in neurons and EPAC-triggered apoptosis was intermediated via the modulation of Bcl-2 interacting member protein (BIM). EPAC2 secretory levels has proven to be more in low-grade clinical glioma than high-grade clinical glioma. This review therefore explores the effects of EPAC2/RAPGEF4 on the pathogenesis of glioma instead of EPAC1 because EPAC2 and not EPAC1 is predominately expressed in the brain. Therefore, EPAC2 is most likely to modulate glioma pathogenesis rather than EPAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, Ho, Ghana, West Africa
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9
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Gray JL, Delft F, Brennan PE. Targeting der kleinen GTPasen über ihre regulatorischen Proteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine L. Gray
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of Oxford, NDMRB Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ Großbritannien
- Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
- Diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0QX Großbritannien
| | - Frank Delft
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of Oxford, NDMRB Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ Großbritannien
- Diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0QX Großbritannien
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 Südafrika
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of Oxford, NDMRB Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ Großbritannien
- Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford Oxford OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
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10
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Jiang M, Zhuang Y, Zu WC, Jiao L, Richard SA, Zhang S. Overexpression of EPAC2 reduces the invasion of glioma cells via MMP-2. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5080-5086. [PMID: 31186720 PMCID: PMC6507491 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are crucial cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate- determined signaling pathway intercessors, which are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and numerous human diseases. To the best of our knowledge, the role of EPAC2 signaling via matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in the pathogenesis of glioma has not been studied. Therefore, the present study focused on the role of EPAC2 in glioma, and assessed the invasiveness of human glioma cell lines following EPAC2 overexpression. Expression levels of EPAC2 in normal brain tissues and clinical glioma specimens were detected by western blotting. An EPAC2 overexpression vector was transfected into U251 and U87 cell lines to increase the expression levels of EPAC2. Expression levels of MMP-2 were detected by western blotting, and the invasive abilities of glioma cells were detected by a Transwell assay. EPAC2 was relatively highly expressed in normal brain tissue, while EPAC2 expression was significantly decreased in clinical glioma specimens (P<0.01). In vitro transfection of EPAC2 overexpression vector significantly reduced the MMP-2 protein levels of glioma cells, and, at the same time, the invasive cell number was significantly decreased in a Transwell assay. The present study demonstrated that MMP-2 regulation via EPAC2 overexpression is a novel promising therapeutic route in malignant types of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wang-Cun Zu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Seidu A Richard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P.O. Box MA 128, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Kathewad N, M C A, Parvin N, Parambath S, Parameswaran P, Khan S. Facile Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of sterically encumbered substrates effected by PNP ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2730-2734. [PMID: 30720832 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diphosphinoamine ligands [(Ph2P)2N(Ar); 1 (Ar = C6H5), 2 (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3)] were effectively utilized in Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of a range of sterically demanding substrates. The reaction was carried out using conventional and microwave routes and the latter reduces the reaction time from 3 d to 15-30 min. A broad substrate scope was achieved in this protocol and most of the coupling products are isolated on a mutligram scale. DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kathewad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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12
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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13
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Barker G, Parnell E, van Basten B, Buist H, Adams DR, Yarwood SJ. The Potential of a Novel Class of EPAC-Selective Agonists to Combat Cardiovascular Inflammation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4040022. [PMID: 29367551 PMCID: PMC5753123 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) sensor enzyme, EPAC1, is a candidate drug target in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) due to its ability to attenuate proinflammatory cytokine signalling normally associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis. This is through the EPAC1-dependent induction of the suppressor of cytokine signalling gene, SOCS3, which targets inflammatory signalling proteins for ubiquitinylation and destruction by the proteosome. Given this important role for the EPAC1/SOCS3 signalling axis, we have used high throughput screening (HTS) to identify small molecule EPAC1 regulators and have recently isolated the first known non-cyclic nucleotide (NCN) EPAC1 agonist, I942. I942 therefore represents the first in class, isoform selective EPAC1 activator, with the potential to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling with a reduced risk of side effects associated with general cAMP-elevating agents that activate multiple response pathways. The development of augmented I942 analogues may therefore provide improved research tools to validate EPAC1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with deadly CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Euan Parnell
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Boy van Basten
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Hanna Buist
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - David R Adams
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Chen H, Wang P, Mei FC, Ye N, Cheng X, Zhou J. Structure-activity relationships of 2-substituted phenyl-N-phenyl-2-oxoacetohydrazonoyl cyanides as novel antagonists of exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5163-5166. [PMID: 29100797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are critical cAMP-dependent signaling pathway mediators that play important roles in cancer, diabetes, heart failure, inflammations, infections, neurological disorders and other human diseases. EPAC specific modulators are urgently needed to explore EPAC's physiological function, mechanism of action and therapeutic applications. On the basis of a previously identified EPAC specific inhibitor hit ESI-09, herein we have designed and synthesized a novel series of 2-substituted phenyl-N-phenyl-2-oxoacetohydrazonoyl cyanides as potent EPAC inhibitors. Compound 31 (ZL0524) has been discovered as the most potent EPAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 3.6 µM and 1.2 µM against EPAC1 and EPAC2, respectively. Molecular docking of 31 onto an active EPAC2 structure predicts that 31 occupies the hydrophobic pocket in cAMP binding domain (CBD) and also opens up new space leading to the solvent region. These findings provide inspirations for discovering next generation of EPAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Yingmin Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin St #1200, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Fang C Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin St #1200, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin St #1200, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
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15
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Wang P, Liu Z, Chen H, Ye N, Cheng X, Zhou J. Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs): Emerging therapeutic targets. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1633-1639. [PMID: 28283242 PMCID: PMC5397994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are critical cAMP-dependent signaling pathway mediators. The discovery of EPAC proteins has significantly facilitated understanding on cAMP-dependent signaling pathway and efforts along this line open new avenues for developing novel therapeutics for cancer, diabetes, heart failure, inflammation, infections, neurological disorders and other human diseases. Over the past decade, important progress has been made in the identification of EPAC agonists, antagonists and their biological and pharmacological applications. In this review, we briefly summarize recently reported novel functions of EPACs and the discovery of their small molecule modulators. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
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16
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Ye N, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Mei FC, Chen H, Wang P, Cheng X, Zhou J. Identification of novel 2-(benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N-phenylacetohydrazonoyl cyanide analoguesas potent EPAC antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:62-71. [PMID: 28399451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel EPAC antagonists are designed, synthesized and evaluated in an effort to develop diversified analogues based on the scaffold of the previously identified high-throughput (HTS) hit 1 (ESI-09). Further SAR studies reveal that the isoxazole ring A of 1 can tolerate chemical modifications with either introduction of flexible electron-donating substitutions or structurally restrictedly fusing with a phenyl ring, leading to identification of several more potent and diversified EPAC antagonists (e.g., 10 (NY0617), 14 (NY0460), 26 (NY0725), 32 (NY0561), and 33 (NY0562)) with low micromolar inhibitory activities. Molecular docking studies on compounds 10 and 33 indicate that these two series of compounds bind at a similar site with substantially different interactions with the EPAC proteins. The findings may serve as good starting points for the development of more potent EPAC antagonists as valuable pharmacological probes or potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yingmin Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Fang C Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
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