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Guan Q, Xing S, Wang L, Zhu J, Guo C, Xu C, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Chen Y, Sun H. Triazoles in Medicinal Chemistry: Physicochemical Properties, Bioisosterism, and Application. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7788-7824. [PMID: 38699796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Triazole demonstrates distinctive physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, various dipole moments, and significant dual hydrogen bond acceptor and donor capabilities. These features are poised to play a pivotal role in drug-target interactions. The inherent polarity of triazole contributes to its lower logP, suggesting the potential improvement in water solubility. The metabolic stability of triazole adds additional value to drug discovery. Moreover, the metal-binding capacity of the nitrogen atom lone pair electrons of triazole has broad applications in the development of metal chelators and antifungal agents. This Perspective aims to underscore the unique physicochemical attributes of triazole and its application. A comparative analysis involving triazole isomers and other heterocycles provides guiding insights for the subsequent design of triazoles, with the hope of offering valuable considerations for designing other heterocycles in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Guan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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Tolu-Bolaji OO, Sojinu SO, Okedere AP, Ajani OO. A review on the chemistry and pharmacological properties of benzodiazepine motifs in drug design. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2022.2117677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka O. Tolu-Bolaji
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O. Sojinu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adebola P. Okedere
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ajani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Medicinal Chemistry of Anti-HIV-1 Latency Chemotherapeutics: Biotargets, Binding Modes and Structure-Activity Relationship Investigation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010003. [PMID: 36615199 PMCID: PMC9822059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The existence of latent viral reservoirs (LVRs), also called latent cells, has long been an acknowledged stubborn hurdle for effective treatment of HIV-1/AIDS. This stable and heterogeneous reservoir, which mainly exists in resting memory CD4+ T cells, is not only resistant to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but cannot be detected by the immune system, leading to rapid drug resistance and viral rebound once antiviral treatment is interrupted. Accordingly, various functional cure strategies have been proposed to combat this barrier, among which one of the widely accepted and utilized protocols is the so-called 'shock-and-kill' regimen. The protocol begins with latency-reversing agents (LRAs), either alone or in combination, to reactivate the latent HIV-1 proviruses, then eliminates them by viral cytopathic mechanisms (e.g., currently available antiviral drugs) or by the immune killing function of the immune system (e.g., NK and CD8+ T cells). In this review, we focuse on the currently explored small molecular LRAs, with emphasis on their mechanism-directed drug targets, binding modes and structure-relationship activity (SAR) profiles, aiming to provide safer and more effective remedies for treating HIV-1 infection.
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Malkova K, Bubyrev A, Krivovicheva V, Dar’in D, Bunev A, Krasavin M. A novel bis-triazole scaffold accessed via two tandem [3 + 2] cycloaddition events including an uncatalyzed, room temperature azide–alkyne click reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1636-1641. [DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The previously described α-acetyl-α-diazomethanesulfonamide was employed in a three-component reaction with azide-containing benzaldehydes and propargylamines. Besides the initial formation of the triazole core, the reaction proceeded further, in uncatalyzed fashion at room temperature and yielded, after intramolecular azide–alkyne click reaction novel, structurally intriguing bistriazoles.
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Lengerli D, Ibis K, Nural Y, Banoglu E. The 1,2,3-triazole 'all-in-one' ring system in drug discovery: a good bioisostere, a good pharmacophore, a good linker, and a versatile synthetic tool. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1209-1236. [PMID: 36164263 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2129613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 1,2,3-triazole ring occupies an important space in medicinal chemistry due to its unique structural properties, synthetic versatility and pharmacological potential making it a critical scaffold. Since it is readily available through click chemistry for creating compound collections against various diseases, it has become an emerging area of interest for medicinal chemists. AREAS COVERED This review article addresses the unique properties of the1,2,3-triazole nucleus as an intriguing ring system in drug discovery while focusing on the most recent medicinal chemistry strategies exploited for the design and development of 1,2,3-triazole analogs as inhibitors of various biological targets. EXPERT OPINION Evidently, the 1,2,3-triazole ring with unique structural features has enormous potential in drug design against various diseases as a pharmacophore, a bioisoster or a structural platform. The most recent evidence indicates that it may be more emerging in drug molecules in near future along with an increasing understanding of its prominent roles in drug structures. The synthetic feasibility and versatility of triazole chemistry make it certainly ideal for creating compound libraries for more constructive structure-activity relationship studies. However, more comparative and target-specific studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the 1,2,3-triazole ring in molecular recognition.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Lengerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Ibis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yahya Nural
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jones REH, Aspin P, Davies SH, Mann I, Priestley C, Roberts AD, Zotova-Eldridge N, Leahy JH. Use of Phosphazene Base BTPP for Phosphorylative Activation in the Scale-Up of BET Inhibitor GSK525762. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon E. H. Jones
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter Aspin
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Suzanne H. Davies
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Inderjit Mann
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Catherine Priestley
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Roberts
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Natalia Zotova-Eldridge
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John H. Leahy
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
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Eron SJ, Huang H, Agafonov RV, Fitzgerald ME, Patel J, Michael RE, Lee TD, Hart AA, Shaulsky J, Nasveschuk CG, Phillips AJ, Fisher SL, Good A. Structural Characterization of Degrader-Induced Ternary Complexes Using Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry and Computational Modeling: Implications for Structure-Based Design. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2228-2243. [PMID: 34582690 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of targeted protein degradation (TPD) has grown exponentially over the past decade with the goal of developing therapies that mark proteins for destruction leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system. One common approach to achieve TPD is to employ a heterobifunctional molecule, termed as a degrader, to recruit the protein target of interest to the E3 ligase machinery. The resultant generation of an intermediary ternary complex (target-degrader-ligase) is pivotal in the degradation process. Understanding the ternary complex geometry offers valuable insight into selectivity, catalytic efficiency, linker chemistry, and rational degrader design. In this study, we utilize hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to identify degrader-induced protein-protein interfaces. We then use these data in conjunction with constrained protein docking to build three-dimensional models of the ternary complex. The approach was used to characterize complex formation between the E3 ligase CRBN and the first bromodomain of BRD4, a prominent oncology target. We show marked differences in the ternary complexes formed in solution based on distinct patterns of deuterium uptake for two degraders, CFT-1297 and dBET6. CFT-1297, which exhibited positive cooperativity, altered the deuterium uptake profile revealing the degrader-induced protein-protein interface of the ternary complex. For CFT-1297, the ternary complexes generated by the highest scoring HDX-constrained docking models differ markedly from those observed in the published crystal structures. These results highlight the potential utility of HDX-MS to provide rapidly accessible structural insights into degrader-induced protein-protein interfaces in solution. They further suggest that degrader ternary complexes exhibit significant conformation flexibility and that biologically relevant complexes may well not exhibit the largest interaction surfaces between proteins. Taken together, the results indicate that methods capable of incorporating linker conformation uncertainty may prove an important component in degrader design moving forward. In addition, the development of scoring functions modified to handle interfaces with no evolved complementarity, for example, through consideration of high levels of water infiltration, may prove valuable. Furthermore, the use of crystal structures as validation tools for novel degrader methods needs to be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Eron
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Hongwei Huang
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Roman V. Agafonov
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Mark E. Fitzgerald
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Joe Patel
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Ryan E. Michael
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Tobie D. Lee
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Ashley A. Hart
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Jodi Shaulsky
- Dassault Systèmes BIOVIA, 5005 Wateridge Vista Dr, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Andrew J. Phillips
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Stewart L. Fisher
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Andrew Good
- C4 Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way Suite 200, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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Feng Z, Chen A, Shi J, Zhou D, Shi W, Qiu Q, Liu X, Huang W, Li J, Qian H, Zhang W. Design, synthesis, and biological activity evaluation of a series of novel sulfonamide derivatives as BRD4 inhibitors against acute myeloid leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104849. [PMID: 33798846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating researches have contributed much effect to discover novel chemotherapeutic drug for leukemia with expeditious curative effect, of which bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor is considered as a eutherapeutic drug which has presented efficient cell proliferation suppression effect. In this study, we disclosed a series of phenylisoxazole sulfonamide derivatives as potent BRD4 inhibitors. Especially, compound 58 exhibited robust inhibitory potency toward BRD4-BD1 and BRD4-BD2 with IC50 values of 70 and 140 nM, respectively. In addition, compound 58 significantly suppressed cell proliferation of leukemia cell lines HL-60 and MV4-11 with IC50 values of 1.21 and 0.15 μM. In-depth study of the biological mechanism of compound 58 exerted its tumor suppression effect via down-regulating the level of oncogene c-myc. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) study was conducted and the results demonstrated better pharmacokinetics features versus (+)-JQ1. In summary, our study discovers that compound 58 represents as a novel BRD4 inhibitor for further investigation in development of leukemia inhibitor with potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Feng
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Aiping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Center for Drug Evaluation, NMPA, 128 Jianguo Road, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- Center for Drug Evaluation, NMPA, 128 Jianguo Road, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Daoguang Zhou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jieming Li
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, PR China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Sheppard GS, Wang L, Fidanze SD, Hasvold LA, Liu D, Pratt JK, Park CH, Longenecker K, Qiu W, Torrent M, Kovar PJ, Bui M, Faivre E, Huang X, Lin X, Wilcox D, Zhang L, Shen Y, Albert DH, Magoc TJ, Rajaraman G, Kati WM, McDaniel KF. Discovery of N-Ethyl-4-[2-(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy)-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)phenyl]-6-methyl-7-oxo-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3- c]pyridine-2-carboxamide (ABBV-744), a BET Bromodomain Inhibitor with Selectivity for the Second Bromodomain. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5585-5623. [PMID: 32324999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The BET family of proteins consists of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDt. Each protein contains two distinct bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). BET family bromodomain inhibitors under clinical development for oncology bind to each of the eight bromodomains with similar affinities. We hypothesized that it may be possible to achieve an improved therapeutic index by selectively targeting subsets of the BET bromodomains. Both BD1 and BD2 are highly conserved across family members (>70% identity), whereas BD1 and BD2 from the same protein exhibit a larger degree of divergence (∼40% identity), suggesting selectivity between BD1 and BD2 of all family members would be more straightforward to achieve. Exploiting the Asp144/His437 and Ile146/Val439 sequence differences (BRD4 BD1/BD2 numbering) allowed the identification of compound 27 demonstrating greater than 100-fold selectivity for BRD4 BD2 over BRD4 BD1. Further optimization to improve BD2 selectivity and oral bioavailability resulted in the clinical development compound 46 (ABBV-744).
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Sheppard
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Le Wang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven D Fidanze
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Lisa A Hasvold
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dachun Liu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John K Pratt
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Chang H Park
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenton Longenecker
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wei Qiu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Maricel Torrent
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Peter J Kovar
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Mai Bui
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Emily Faivre
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Denise Wilcox
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yu Shen
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Daniel H Albert
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Terrance J Magoc
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ganesh Rajaraman
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Warren M Kati
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Keith F McDaniel
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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Maruta H, Kittaka A. Chemical evolution for taming the 'pathogenic kinase' PAK1. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:959-964. [PMID: 32348877 PMCID: PMC7194552 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PAK1 is the major ‘pathogenic’ kinase. Several potent PAK1 blockers developed are introduced for treatment of a wide variety of PAK1-dependent diseases including cancers and pandemic COVID-19 infection.
To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the cloning of the first mammalian p21-activated kinases (PAKs) (RAC/CDC42-activated kinases) by Ed Manser, the first international PAK symposium was held in NYC in October 2019. Among six distinct PAKs in mammals, PAK1 is the major ‘pathogenic kinase’, the abnormal activation of which is responsible for a wide variety of diseases and disorders including cancers, ageing processes and infectious and inflammatory diseases such as pandemic coronaviral infection. Recently, for a clinical application, a few potent (highly cell-permeable and water-soluble) PAK1 blockers have been developed from natural or synthetic PAK1 blockers (triptolide, vitamin D3 and ketorolac) via a series of ‘chemical evolutions’ that boost pharmacological activities >500 times.
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11
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Vega Alanis BA, Iorio MT, Silva LL, Bampali K, Ernst M, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD. Allosteric GABA A Receptor Modulators-A Review on the Most Recent Heterocyclic Chemotypes and Their Synthetic Accessibility. Molecules 2020; 25:E999. [PMID: 32102309 PMCID: PMC7070463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptor modulators are structurally almost as diverse as their target protein. A plethora of heterocyclic scaffolds has been described as modulating this extremely important receptor family. Some made it into clinical trials and, even on the market, some were dismissed. This review focuses on the synthetic accessibility and potential for library synthesis of GABAA receptor modulators containing at least one heterocyclic scaffold, which were disclosed within the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Angelica Vega Alanis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Iorio
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Luca L. Silva
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Konstantina Bampali
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/193, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.A.V.A.); (M.T.I.); (M.D.M.)
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12
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Arora N, Dhiman P, Kumar S, Singh G, Monga V. Recent advances in synthesis and medicinal chemistry of benzodiazepines. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103668. [PMID: 32106040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) represent a diverse class of bicyclic heterocyclic molecules. In the last few years, benzodiazepines have emerged as potential therapeutic agents. As a result, several mild, efficient and high yielding protocols have been developed that offer access to various functionalized benzodiazepines (BZDs). They are known to possess a wide array of biological activities such as anxiolytic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antipsychotics, muscle relaxant, anti-tuberculosis, and antimicrobial activities. The fascinating spectrum of biological activities exhibited by BZDs in various fields has prompted the medicinal chemist to design and discover novel benzodiazepine-based analogs as potential therapeutic candidates with the desired biological profile. In this review, an attempt has been made by to summarize (1) Recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of benzodiazepines which enable their synthesis with desired substitution pattern; (2) Medicinal chemistry of BZDs as therapeutic candidates with promising biological profile including insight of mechanistic studies; (3) The correlation of biological data with the structure i.e. structure-activity relationship studies were also included to provide an insight into the rational design of more active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Prashant Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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Hennig R, Albawardi A, Almarzooqi S, Haneefa S, Imbaraj E, Zaaba NE, Nemmar A, Subramanya S, Maruta H, Adrian TE. 1,2,3-Triazolyl ester of ketorolac (15K), a potent PAK1 blocker, inhibits both growth and metastasis of orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 13:248-255. [PMID: 31656252 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
More than 90% of human pancreatic cancers carry the oncogenic mutant of Ki-RAS and their growth depends on its downstream kinase PAK1, mainly because PAK1 blocks the apoptosis of cancer cells selectively. We developed a highly cell-permeable PAK1-blocker called 15K from an old pain-killer (ketorolac), that is shown here to inhibit the growth of three pancreatic cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging 41-88 nM in vitro. The anti-cancer effect of 15K was further investigated in an orthotopic xenograft model with gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1 and BxPC-3) expressing luciferase in athymic mice. During 4 weeks, 15K blocks total burden (growth) of both AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 tumors (measured as radians/sec) with the IC50 below daily dose of 0.1 mg/kg, i.p. In a similar manner 15K reduced both their invasion and metastases as well, while it had no effect on either body weight or hematological parameters even at 5 mg/kg/day. To the best of our knowledge, 15K is so far the most potent among synthetic PAK1-blockers in vivo, and could be potentially useful for therapy of GEM-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Hennig
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Freudenstadt University Hospital, Freudenstadt, Germany
| | - Alia Albawardi
- Department of Pathology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shoja Haneefa
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Edward Imbaraj
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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Gour J, Gatadi S, Akunuri R, Yaddanapudi MV, Nengroo MA, Datta D, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Catalyst-free facile synthesis of polycyclic indole/pyrrole substituted-1,2,3-triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8153-8165. [PMID: 31460554 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01560d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general and catalyst-free access to the fused polycyclic N-heterocycles via an intramolecular azide-alkene cascade reaction under mild reaction conditions has been developed. The reaction is applicable to both indole and pyrrole substrates, and a variety of substituents are tolerated. The entire sequence can be carried out in a one-pot operation. This methodology provides a sustainable and efficient access to a variety of novel polycyclic indole/pyrrole substituted-1,2,3-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gour
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Srikanth Gatadi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Ravikumar Akunuri
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | | | - Mushtaq Ahmad Nengroo
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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15
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Carlson AS, Cui H, Divakaran A, Johnson JA, Brunner RM, Pomerantz WCK, Topczewski JJ. Systematically Mitigating the p38α Activity of Triazole-based BET Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1296-1301. [PMID: 31531200 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) family of proteins recognize post-translational N-ε-acetylated lysine modifications, regulating transcription as "reader" proteins. Bromodomain inhibitors are interesting targets for the development of potential cancer, inflammation, and heart disease treatments. Several dual kinase-bromodomain inhibitors have been identified by screening kinase inhibitor libraries against BET proteins. Although potentially useful from a polypharmacology standpoint, multitarget binding complicates deciphering molecular mechanisms. This report describes a systematic approach to mitigating kinase activity in a dual kinase-bromodomain inhibitor based on a 1,2,3-triazole-pyrimidine core. By modifying the triazole substituent and altering the pyrimidine core, this structure-activity relationship study enhanced BET activity while reducing the p38α kinase activity >90,000-fold. A BRD4-D1 cocrystal structure indicates that the 1,2,3-triazole is acting as a N-ε-acetylated lysine mimic. A BRD4 sensitive cell line, MM.1S, was used to demonstrate activity in cells, which is further supported by reduced c-Myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Huarui Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anand Divakaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jorden A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ryan M. Brunner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C. K. Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J. Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Sudhapriya N, Manikandan A, Kumar MR, Perumal P. Cu-mediated synthesis of differentially substituted diazepines as AChE inhibitors; validation through molecular docking and Lipinski’s filter to develop novel anti-neurodegenerative drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1308-1312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Batlle E, Lizano E, Viñas M, Dolors Pujol M. 1,4-Benzodiazepines and New Derivatives: Description, Analysis, and Organic Synthesis. Med Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Qin C, Hu Y, Zhou B, Fernandez-Salas E, Yang CY, Liu L, McEachern D, Przybranowski S, Wang M, Stuckey J, Meagher J, Bai L, Chen Z, Lin M, Yang J, Xu F, Hu J, Xing W, Huang L, Li S, Wen B, Sun D, Wang S, Wang S. Discovery of QCA570 as an Exceptionally Potent and Efficacious Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Degrader of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Proteins Capable of Inducing Complete and Durable Tumor Regression. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6685-6704. [PMID: 30019901 PMCID: PMC6545111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family are epigenetics "readers" and promising therapeutic targets for cancer and other human diseases. We describe herein a structure-guided design of [1,4]oxazepines as a new class of BET inhibitors and our subsequent design, synthesis, and evaluation of proteolysis-targeting chimeric (PROTAC) small-molecule BET degraders. Our efforts have led to the discovery of extremely potent BET degraders, exemplified by QCA570, which effectively induces degradation of BET proteins and inhibits cell growth in human acute leukemia cell lines even at low picomolar concentrations. QCA570 achieves complete and durable tumor regression in leukemia xenograft models in mice at well-tolerated dose-schedules. QCA570 is the most potent and efficacious BET degrader reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qin
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bing Zhou
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ester Fernandez-Salas
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chao-Yie Yang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liu Liu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sally Przybranowski
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Meagher
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Longchuan Bai
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mei Lin
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiuling Yang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fuming Xu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiantao Hu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weiguo Xing
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liyue Huang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Siwei Li
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Corresponding Author: Professor Shaomeng Wang at
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19
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Wiedemann B, Weisner J, Rauh D. Chemical modulation of transcription factors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1249-1272. [PMID: 30151079 PMCID: PMC6097187 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00273h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) constitute a diverse class of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, which are key to the modulation of gene expression. TFs have been associated with human diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases, which makes this class of proteins attractive targets for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research. Since TFs lack a common binding site or structural similarity, the development of small molecules to efficiently modulate TF biology in cells and in vivo is a challenging task. This review highlights various strategies that are currently being explored for the identification and development of modulators of Myc, p53, Stat, Nrf2, CREB, ER, AR, HIF, NF-κB, and BET proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Wiedemann
- Technische Universität Dortmund , Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 (0)231 755 7080
| | - Jörn Weisner
- Technische Universität Dortmund , Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 (0)231 755 7080
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Technische Universität Dortmund , Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 (0)231 755 7080
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20
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