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Nagoor Meeran MF, Arunachalam S, Azimullah S, Saraswathiamma D, Albawardi A, Almarzooqi S, Jha NK, Subramanya S, Beiram R, Ojha S. α-Bisabolol, a Dietary Sesquiterpene, Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Inhibiting Cellular Signaling Pathways, Nrf2/Keap-1/HO-1, Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β, NF-κB/p38/MAPK, and NLRP3 Inflammasomes Regulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cascades. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14013. [PMID: 37762315 PMCID: PMC10530367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin (DOX) may have multiorgan toxicities including cardiotoxicity, and this is one of the major limitations of its clinical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective role of α-Bisabolol (BSB) in DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms. DOX (12.5 mg/kg, single dose) was injected intraperitoneally into the rats for induction of acute cardiotoxicity. BSB was given orally to rats (25 mg/kg, p.o. twice daily) for a duration of five days. DOX administration induced cardiac dysfunction as evidenced by altered body weight, hemodynamics, and release of cardio-specific diagnostic markers. The occurrence of oxidative stress was evidenced by a significant decline in antioxidant defense along with a rise in lipid peroxidation and hyperlipidemia. Additionally, DOX also increased the levels and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, as well as activated NF-κB/MAPK signaling in the heart, following alterations in the Nrf2/Keap-1/HO-1 and Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β signaling. DOX also perturbed NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis in the myocardium of rats. Furthermore, histopathological studies revealed cellular alterations in the myocardium. On the contrary, treatment with BSB has been observed to preserve the myocardium and restore all the cellular, molecular, and structural perturbations in the heart tissues of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Results of the present study clearly demonstrate the protective role of BSB against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which is attributed to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic effects resulting from favorable modulation of numerous cellular signaling regulatory pathways, viz., Nrf2/Keap-1/HO-1, Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β, NF-κB/p38/MAPK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes, in countering the cascades of oxidative stress and inflammation. The observations suggest that BSB can be a promising agent or an adjuvant to limit the cardiac injury caused by DOX. Further studies including the role in tumor-bearing animals as well as regulatory toxicology are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Seenipandi Arunachalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Dhanya Saraswathiamma
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alia Albawardi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.F.N.M.); (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Das KM, Singh R, Al Dossari K, Subramanya S, Ojha SK, AlMansoori T, Alkoteesh JA. Chest radiographic score and lactate dehydrogenase are independent risk factors linked to mortality in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) patients. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8491180 DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the dominance of Covid-19 in the current situation, MERS-CoV is found infrequently in the Middle East. When coupled with the chest radiographic score, serum biochemical parameters may be utilized to assess serum biochemical changes in individuals with different degrees of MERS-CoV infection and to predict death. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between increased LDH levels and severe MERS-CoV outcomes utilizing ventilation days and an elevated chest radiographic score. Results Fifty-seven patients were included in the retrospective cohort. The mean age was 44.9 ± 13.5 years, while the range was between 12 and 73 years. With an average age of 53.3 ± 16.5 years, 18 of 57 (31.6%) patients were classified as deceased. The deceased group showed a substantially greater amount of LDH than the recovery group (280.18 ± 150.79 vs. 1241.72 ± 1327.77, p = 0.007). A cut-off value of > 512 LDH was established with a C-statistic of 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–1.00) and was 94% sensitive and 93% specific for mortality. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that loge (LDH) (adjusted HR: 9.91, 95% CI: 2.44–40.3, p = 0.001) and chest radiographic score (adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05–1.47, p = 0.01) were risk factors for mortality, whereas ventilation days were a protective factor (adjusted HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76–0.93, p = 0.001). Conclusion According to our results, blood LDH levels of > 512 had a 94% sensitivity and 93% specificity for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients infected with MERS-CoV. The chest radiographic score of 11.34 ± 5.4 was the risk factor for the mortality (adjusted Hazard ratio HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05–1.47, p = 0.01). Thus, threshold may aid in the identification of individuals with MERS-CoV infection who die in hospital.
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Das KM, Singh R, Subramanya S, Ojha SK, Almansoori T, Gokhale D, Alkoteesh JA. Serum biochemical parameters as a surrogate marker for chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19. Future Virol 2021; 16:601-609. [PMID: 34539810 PMCID: PMC8439343 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether serum biochemical parameters can be used as a surrogate for chest computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Materials & methods: We evaluated potential associations between various serum biochemical markers and the COVID-reporting and data system (RADS) pneumonia grading system in 53 individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Results: A total of 28 chest CT scans (52.8%) were abnormal. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 on CT showed a statistically significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (186.4 ± 56.5 vs 228.4 ± 60.6; p = 0.01), which was significantly correlated with the COVID-RADS pneumonia grading system. Conclusion: Lactate dehydrogenase can be used as a surrogate marker for chest CT in children with COVID-19. This can reduce exposure to ionizing radiation during initial diagnostic procedures in children with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna M Das
- Department of Radiology, CMHS, UAEU, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Dilip Gokhale
- Department of Radiology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
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Howarth FC, Norstedt G, Boldyriev OI, Qureshi MA, Mohamed O, Parekh K, Venkataraman B, Subramanya S, Shmygol A, Al Kury LT. Effects of prolactin on ventricular myocyte shortening and calcium transport in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03797. [PMID: 32322744 PMCID: PMC7170995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological role of prolactin (PRL) in the heart, and in particular the diabetic heart, are largely unknown. The effects of PRL on ventricular myocyte shortening and Ca2+ transport in the streptozotocin (STZ) – induced diabetic and in age-matched control rats were investigated. PRL receptor protein, myocyte shortening, intracellular [Ca2+], L-type Ca2+ current were measured by Western blot, cell imaging, fluorescence photometry and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, respectively. Compared to normal Tyrode solution (NT), PRL (50 ng/ml) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the amplitude of shortening in myocytes from control (7.43 ± 0.38 vs. 9.68 ± 0.46 %) and diabetic (6.57 ± 0.24 vs. 8.91 ± 0.44 %) heart (n = 44–49 cells). Compared to NT, PRL (50 ng/ml) significantly increased the amplitude of Ca2+ transients in myocytes from control (0.084 ± 0.004 vs. 0.115 ± 0.007 Fura-2 ratio units) and diabetic (0.087 ± 0.007 vs. 0.112 ± 0.006 Fura-2 ratio units) heart (n = 36–50 cells). PRL did not significantly alter the amplitude of caffeine-evoked Ca2+ transients however, PRL significantly increased the fractional release of Ca2+ in myocytes from control (21 %) and diabetic (14 %) and heart. The rate of Ca2+ transient recovery following PRL treatment was significantly increased in myocytes from diabetic and control heart. Amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current was not significantly altered by diabetes or by PRL. PRL increased the amplitude of shortening and Ca2+ transients in myocytes from control and diabetic heart. Increased fractional release of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ may partly underlie the positive inotropic effects of PRL in ventricular myocytes from control and STZ-induced diabetic rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Oleksiy I Boldyriev
- Department of Neuromuscular Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Muhammad A Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ozaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khatija Parekh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anatoliy Shmygol
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina T Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural & Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Hennig R, Albawardi A, Almarzooqi S, Haneefa S, Imbaraj E, Zaaba NE, Nemmar A, Subramanya S, Maruta H, Adrian TE. 1,2,3-Triazolyl ester of ketorolac (15K), a potent PAK1 blocker, inhibits both growth and metastasis of orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 13:248-255. [PMID: 31656252 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
More than 90% of human pancreatic cancers carry the oncogenic mutant of Ki-RAS and their growth depends on its downstream kinase PAK1, mainly because PAK1 blocks the apoptosis of cancer cells selectively. We developed a highly cell-permeable PAK1-blocker called 15K from an old pain-killer (ketorolac), that is shown here to inhibit the growth of three pancreatic cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging 41-88 nM in vitro. The anti-cancer effect of 15K was further investigated in an orthotopic xenograft model with gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1 and BxPC-3) expressing luciferase in athymic mice. During 4 weeks, 15K blocks total burden (growth) of both AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 tumors (measured as radians/sec) with the IC50 below daily dose of 0.1 mg/kg, i.p. In a similar manner 15K reduced both their invasion and metastases as well, while it had no effect on either body weight or hematological parameters even at 5 mg/kg/day. To the best of our knowledge, 15K is so far the most potent among synthetic PAK1-blockers in vivo, and could be potentially useful for therapy of GEM-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Hennig
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Freudenstadt University Hospital, Freudenstadt, Germany
| | - Alia Albawardi
- Department of Pathology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shoja Haneefa
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Edward Imbaraj
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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Jahan S, Kumar D, Chaturvedi S, Rashid M, Wahajuddin M, Khan YA, Goyal SN, Patil CR, Mohanraj R, Subramanya S, Ojha S. Therapeutic Targeting of NLRP3 Inflammasomes by Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals: A Novel Mechanistic Approach for Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:1645-1670. [PMID: 28245768 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170227121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes having nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat consisting members along with pyrin and HIN domain family. An inflammasome mainly consists of cytoplasmic sensor molecule, such as NLRP3, the adaptor apoptosisassociated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain) protein along with effector procaspase-1. The inflammasome regulates caspase-1 activation, resulting in secretion of interleukin- 1β and interleukin-18. The inflammasome activation is linked with infection, stress, or other immunological signals involved in inflammation. The pathophysiological role of NLRP3 inflammasome in immune regulation, inflammatory receptor-ligand interactions, microbial-associated molecular patterns, danger as well as pathogen associated molecular patterns has been demonstrated in last few years. Furthermore, the role of the inflammasome in peripheral and central nervous system involved with cytokine and chemokine inflammatory responses has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. The understanding of molecular regulation of inflammasome associated pathways is crucial for drug design and delivery. The use of natural product as an alternate therapy is gaining focus because of easy access and cost effectiveness. A number of herbal extracts and its bioactive constituents known as phytochemicals have shown to be effective in inflammatory response mediated by NLRP3 inflammasomes pathways. To understand the interaction of phytochemicals and inflammasome at the molecular level, it is vital to develop effective drugs that can be evaluated further in the clinical settings. Therefore, this review renders an extensive account of all the phytochemicals which are evaluated either in inflammatory experimental animal models or in immortalized human/animal cell lines that modulate NLRP3 inflammasome mediated pathways to mitigate inflammatory responses with the hope that this pathway modulation by phytochemicals may provide a another class of drugs in the armamentarium as well as novel molecular mechanism of natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jahan
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Dipak Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, India
| | | | - Mamunur Rashid
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | | | - Yasir A Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharastra, India
| | - C R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharastra, India
| | - Rajesh Mohanraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain. United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain. United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666; Al Ain, Abu Dhabi. United Arab Emirates
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Munishamanna K, Suresha K, Veena R, Subramanya S. Solid State Fermentation of Mango Peel and Mango Seed Waste by Different Yeasts and Bacteria for Nutritional Improvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-9396.2017.00011.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
l-Asparaginase is one of the main drugs used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a commonly diagnosed pediatric cancer. Although several microorganisms are found to produce l-asparaginase, only the purified enzymes from E. coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi are employed in the clinical and therapeutic applications in humans. However, their therapeutic response seldom occurs without some evidence of hypersensitivity and other toxic side effects. l-Asparaginase is also of prospective use in food industry to reduce the formation of acrylamide in fried, roasted or baked food products. This review is an attempt to compile information on the properties of l-asparaginases obtained from different microorganisms. The complications involved with the therapeutic use of the currently available l-asparaginases, and the enzyme's potential application as a food processing aid to mitigate acrylamide formation have also been reviewed. Further, avenues for searching alternate sources of l-asparaginase have been discussed, highlighting the prospects of endophytic microorganisms as a possible source of l-asparaginases with varied biochemical and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Rao Krishnapura
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Surathkal, Mangalore , Karnataka , India and
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Surathkal, Mangalore , Karnataka , India and
| | - Sandeep Subramanya
- b Department of Physiology , United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
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Sami M, Afghan B, Fathima B, Afghan N, Subramanya S, Lammers W. An experimental infectious diarrhoea model to assess intestinal myoelectrical activity. Hamdan Med J 2014. [DOI: 10.7707/hmj.v7i2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Patham B, Simmons GL, Subramanya S. Advances in dendritic cell-based vaccines for HIV. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:3987-94. [PMID: 21824092 DOI: 10.2174/092986711796957194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV remains one of the most important deadly infections today, due to the lack of a preventive vaccine and limited access to medical care in developing countries. In developed countries antiretroviral therapy is available but the regime is unable to eliminate the virus, implying that life-long therapy is necessary. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important mediators of cellular and humoral immune responses and hence offer a promising therapeutic vaccination strategy to attenuate disease progression. The current knowledge in DC subsets and their functional plasticity are prominent determinants in harnessing the full immunostimulatory potential of dendritic cells. Type of antigen, immunogen delivery method, optimal interaction of antigenic peptide and T cells, and avoidance of tolerogenic responses are some of the elements that need to be considered to develop an efficient immunotherapy. Novel strategies that modulate DC functions that eventually trigger a robust cellular response against a broad T cell repertoire are needed. This review focuses on current DC-based vaccine strategies for optimal induction of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Patham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Subramanya S, Armant M, Kim S, Ye C, Leiberman J, Schultz L, Greiner D, Shankar P. P19-56 LB. Priming with SOCS-1 silenced Dendritic cells induces robust HIV-specific CTL response in a novel HLA-A2 transgenic humanized mouse model. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767938 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Subramanya S, Ramakrishna BS, Binder HJ, Farthing MJ, Young GP. Evaluation of oral rehydration solution by whole-gut perfusion in rats: effect of osmolarity, sodium concentration and resistant starch. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43:568-75. [PMID: 17130730 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000239998.43141.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) improved small bowel absorption of fluid and electrolytes in segmental perfusion in experimental animals; this was borne out in clinical practice. Adding amylase-resistant starch (RS) to ORS is expected to increase colonic fluid absorption. This study used combined small and large bowel perfusion to evaluate combinations of reduced osmolarity and starch in ORS. METHODS Single-pass steady-state perfusions of the whole gut at 30 mL/h, using the nonabsorbable marker C-polyethylene glycol 4000, were performed in Wistar rats after exposure to cholera toxin or Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa). RESULTS Steady state was established within 90 minutes after commencing perfusion. Net secretion of water, sodium and chloride induced by cholera toxin was partially reversed by standard glucose-ORS (G-ORS). Substituting glucose in G-ORS with RS (RS-ORS) substantially increased net water absorption (P < 0.001) as did reduced osmolarity ORS (RO-ORS) (P < 0.001); addition of RS to RO-ORS further increased water absorption (P < 0.001). In STa-treated intestine, RO-ORS and RS-ORS significantly improved water absorption compared to G-ORS (P < 0.005). RO- and RS-RO-ORS did not significantly augment net electrolyte absorption compared with G-ORS. RS-ORS was associated with highest net absorption of sodium and chloride compared with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS RS increased net water (and sodium) absorption from isosmolar and reduced osmolar ORS consistent with increased absorption by the colon. RS in reduced osmolar ORS may have advantages to reduce severity of diarrhea and prevent hyponatremia in severe diarrhea and may be applicable to diarrhea of different etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Subramanya
- Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Steranka F, Bhat J, Collins D, Cook L, Craford M, Fletcher R, Gardner N, Grillot P, Goetz W, Keuper M, Khare R, Kim A, Krames M, Harbers G, Ludowise M, Martin P, Misra M, Mueller G, Mueller-Mach R, Rudaz S, Shen YC, Steigerwald D, Stockman S, Subramanya S, Trottier T, Wierer J. High Power LEDs - Technology Status and Market Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(200212)194:2<380::aid-pssa380>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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