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Arunachalam SS, Chandrasekar V, Belur PD. Synthesis and characterization of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid esters and study of their efficacy in bulk fish oil. Food Chem 2024; 441:138380. [PMID: 38218149 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipophilization of natural antioxidants is a proven strategy to enhance the solubility in bulk oil systems, thereby increasing their efficacy against oxidative degradation. This study aims to synthesize esters of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPA) using Amberlyst-15 and to study the application of these esters in refined fish oil. Lipophilic esters were synthesized by esterification and transesterification of 3,4-DHPA in various solvent systems. Esters of methanol, butanol and hexanol were obtained with percent conversion of 81.1, 69.3 and 78.8 respectively, and were subjected to molecular characterization and in vitro oxidant assays. The 3,4-DHPA and its methyl ester showed 36% reduction in the TOTOX value over 30 days of storage. The length of the acyl chain in the ester was found to exert a high influence on its efficacy and lipophilicity. This is the first report of 3,4-DHPA and its lipophilic esters studied for enhancing the oxidative stability of fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selva Sudha Arunachalam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India
| | | | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India.
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2
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Thangavelu N, Jeyabalan J, Veluchamy A, Belur PD. Production of tannase from a newly isolated yeast, Geotrichum cucujoidarum using agro-residues. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:564-572. [PMID: 37698943 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2256011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
With an aim of producing commercially important tannase enzyme using cheap and readily available agro-residues, leaves of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) and Jamun (Syzygium cumini), peels of Lemon (Citrus limon), and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) were screened. Newly isolated Geotrichum cucujoidarum was utilized for the study. Preliminary studies indicated that tannase titer obtained is not proportional to the tannin content of the agro-residues and solid state fermentation superior compared to submerged fermentation. Jamun mixed with lemon peel in equal proportion supplemented with minerals under solid-state fermentation gave a tannase titer of 15.46 U/g dry solids. Through successful implantation of Plackett-Burman design, yeast extract concentration, inoculum volume, and amount of substrate were found to be the most significant factors. Further optimization of these three factors through Response Surface Methodology resulted in the 1.7-fold increase in tannase titer. Validation experiments using 3.97 g of Jamun leaves + lemon peel powder mixed with a nutrient solution having (w/v) yeast extract - 1.1%, dextrose - 3%, Urea - 1.125%, potassium chloride - 0.1%, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate - 0.1% with the initial pH of 5, inoculated with 2.48 ml of inoculum gave a tannase titer of 26.43 U/g dry solids after 6 days of solid-state fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanthini Thangavelu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India
| | - Jothika Jeyabalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India
| | - Ajithkumar Veluchamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India
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3
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Chandrasekar V, Arunachalam SS, Hari H, Shinkar A, Belur PD, Iyyaswami R. Probing the synergistic effects of rutin and rutin ester on the oxidative stability of sardine oil. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:4198-4209. [PMID: 36193478 PMCID: PMC9525562 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent antioxidant mixture is proved to be highly effective in imparting oxidative stability to the edible oil. It is believed that the high efficacy of those mixtures is due to the synergistic effect exhibited by two or more components. The current study aims to analyse the synergistic effect of a flavonoid and its corresponding ester in improving the oxidative stability of n-3 PUFA rich sardine oil. The oxidative stability of rutin, esterified rutin and their combinations at three different concentrations was studied in sardine oil stored at 37 ºC for 12 days in contact with air under darkness. The combination of rutin and rutin ester showed maximum reduction of 54.2% in oxidation at 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. Perhaps this is the first report on the synergistic effect of a flavonoid and its lipophilized ester for improving the oxidative stability of n-3 PUFA rich oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selva Sudha Arunachalam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025 India
| | - Haritha Hari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025 India
| | - Apurva Shinkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025 India
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025 India
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4
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Mishra SK, Belur PD, Regupathi I. Comparison of efficacy of various natural and synthetic antioxidants in stabilising the fish oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal India
| | - Iyyaswami Regupathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal India
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5
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Dunn MD, Belur PD, Malan AP. Development of cost-effective media for the in vitro liquid culture of entomopathogenic nematodes. NEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are successful biological control agents of a variety of soilborne insect pests. They have the potential to be mass-produced, using in vitro liquid culture technology, and can be formulated and sold as a biopesticide. To commercialise an EPN-based biopesticide successfully, the method of liquid mass production requires in-depth optimisation to reduce the cost of production and to increase yields, to make it affordable to the farming community. This study attempted to optimise the liquid culture protocol for the South African isolates, Steinernema jeffreyense and S. yirgalemense, by investigating the impact of cheaper medium ingredients on the recovery and yield of the liquid culture process. Studies were conducted by investigating alternative protein, lipid and nitrogen/yeast sources, compared to the more expensive laboratory-grade ingredients currently used. The results showed that egg yolk has no impact on the yield in the case of S. jeffreyense. However, for S. yirgalemense, egg yolk was shown to be a superior protein source to soy and insect-based protein in terms of nematode yield. Moreover, neither canola oil nor olive oil showed a significant difference in the yield of S. yirgalemense, with yeast extract being found to be the optimal nitrogen/yeast source. When comparing the yields with those in other liquid culture research on S. yirgalemense, yields have been successfully increased by 300%, with the cost of the nematode nutrient medium having decreased by 77%. Thus, it is imperative that, prior to a scale up to large bioreactors, the nutrient medium should be optimised to reduce the cost of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray D. Dunn
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 025, India
| | - Antoinette P. Malan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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6
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Kapcum C, Pasada K, Kantiwong P, Sroysang B, Phiwtawee J, Suphantharika M, Belur PD, Agoo EMG, Janairo JIB, Wongsagonsup R. Effects of different cooking methods on chemical compositions,
in vitro
starch digestibility and antioxidant activity of taro (
Colocasia esculenta
) corms. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chutikarn Kapcum
- Division of Food Technology Kanchanaburi Campus Mahidol University Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
| | - Kannika Pasada
- Unit of Scientific Laboratory for Education Kanchanaburi Campus Mahidol University Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
| | - Pearploy Kantiwong
- Division of Food Technology Kanchanaburi Campus Mahidol University Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
| | - Buraporn Sroysang
- Division of Food Technology Kanchanaburi Campus Mahidol University Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Phiwtawee
- Division of Food Technology Kanchanaburi Campus Mahidol University Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
| | - Manop Suphantharika
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575025 India
| | - Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo
- Biology Department College of Science De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue Manila 0922 Philippines
| | | | - Rungtiwa Wongsagonsup
- Division of Food Technology Kanchanaburi Campus Mahidol University Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
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7
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Kizhakedathil MPJ, Belur PD, Wongsagonsup R, Suphantharika M, Agoo EMG, Janairo JIB. Evaluation of Enzymatic and Chemical Treatments to Produce Oxalate Depleted Starch from a Novel Variety of
Colocasia esculenta
Grown in Joida, India. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moni Philip Jacob Kizhakedathil
- Department of Chemical Engineering Surathkal National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering Surathkal National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Rungtiwa Wongsagonsup
- Division of Food Technology Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Saiyok Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
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8
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Nainegali BS, Iyyaswami R, Belur PD. Alcohol-based aqueous biphasic system applied to partition four different natural bioactive compounds from Garcinia indica Choisy. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1802485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj S Nainegali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
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9
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Wongsagonsup R, Nateelerdpaisan T, Gross C, Suphantharika M, Belur PD, Agoo EMG, Janairo JIB. Physicochemical properties and
in vitro
digestibility of flours and starches from taro cultivated in different regions of Thailand. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rungtiwa Wongsagonsup
- Division of Food Technology Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Kanchanaburi71150Thailand
| | | | - Chayapon Gross
- Division of Food Technology Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Kanchanaburi71150Thailand
| | - Manop Suphantharika
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok10400Thailand
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka SurathkalSrinivasanagar Mangalore575025India
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal India
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal India
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11
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Jacob Kizhakedathil MP, Suvarna S, Belur PD, Wongsagonsup R, Agoo EMG, Janairo JIB. Optimization of oxalate-free starch production from Taro flour by oxalate oxidase assisted process. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:105-111. [PMID: 32720840 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1795672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) starch is known to possess unique physical and functional properties such as low amylose content, A-crystalline form, small granules, higher swelling power, etc. Due to the presence of significant amount of calcium oxalate crystals, the food industry is reluctant to explore this unique and cheap starch source for various food applications. Traditional processes utilizing various physical and chemical methods to remove oxalate content of starch inevitably change its physical and functional properties. However, using oxalate oxidase can effectively remove oxalates without altering the unique properties of starch. Hence, an attempt was made to optimize oxalate oxidase assisted starch extraction process from taro flour using response surface methodology. A central composite design comprising 20 experimental trials with 10 cube points augmented with six axial points and four replicates at the center point was applied. A mathematical model was developed to show the effect of taro flour concentration, enzyme load and incubation time on the oxalate removal. Validity of the model was experimentally verified and found that 98.3% of total oxalates can be removed under optimal conditions. This is the first report of optimization of the production of starch from taro flour using microbial oxalate oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suraksha Suvarna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Rungtiwa Wongsagonsup
- Division of Food Technology, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Saiyok, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
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12
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Jacob Kizhakedathil MP, Bose R, Belur PD. Calcium oxalate degrading thermophilic oxalate oxidase from newly isolated Fusarium oxysporum RBP3. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Venkataraman B, Ojha S, Belur PD, Bhongade B, Raj V, Collin PD, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Phytochemical drug candidates for the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in inflammatory bowel diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1530-1549. [PMID: 32009281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based compounds or phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and polyphenols have been used extensively in traditional medicine for centuries and more recently in Western alternative medicine. Extensive evidence suggests that consumption of dietary polyphenolic compounds lowers the risk of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of several phytochemicals are mediated through ligand-inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly the PPARγ transcription factor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is represented by ulcerative colitis, which occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and Crohn's disease (CD) that can involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. Because of the lack of cost-effective pharmaceutical treatment options, many IBD patients seek and use alternative and unconventional therapies to alleviate their symptoms. PPARγ plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells. The phytochemicals reported here are ligands that activate PPARγ, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. PPARγ is highly expressed in the gut making it a potential therapeutic target for IBDs. This review summarizes the effects of the currently published phytochemicals that modulate the PPARγ pathway and reduce or eliminate colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Bhoomendra Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Raj V, Ojha S, Howarth FC, Belur PD, Subramanya SB. Therapeutic potential of benfotiamine and its molecular targets. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:3261-3273. [PMID: 29863274 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201805_15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The water-soluble vitamin, thiamine forms an important part of the diet because of its role in the energy metabolism. The protective effects of thiamine against diabetic vascular complications have been well documented. However, slower absorption and reduced bioavailability is a major limiting factor for its clinical use. To overcome this issue, lipid-soluble derivatives of thiamine (allithiamines) was developed. Among the many synthetic lipophilic derivatives of thiamine, benfotiamine (BFT) is regarded as the first choice based on its safety and clinical efficacy data. BFT facilitates the action of thiamine diphosphate, a cofactor for the enzyme transketolase. The activation of transketolase enzyme accelerates the precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) towards the pentose phosphate pathway thereby reducing the production of AGEs. The reduction in AGEs subsequently decreases metabolic stress which benefits vascular complications seen in diabetes. The effects of BFT on the AGE-dependent pathway is well established. However, several studies have shown that BFT also modulates pathways other than AGE such as arachidonic acid (AA), nuclear transcription Factor κB (NF-κβ), protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathways. In the present review, we have comprehensively reviewed all the molecular targets modulated by BFT to provide mechanistic perspective to highlight its pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raj
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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15
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Pawar SS, Iyyaswami R, Belur PD. Selective extraction of lactoferrin from acidic whey using CTAB/n-heptanol reverse micellar system. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:2553-2562. [PMID: 31168137 PMCID: PMC6525681 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A reverse micellar system comprising CTAB/n-heptanol, developed for extracting lactoferrin (LF) from a synthetic solution of LF, was investigated for the selective extraction of LF from synthetic whey protein solution, which was prepared by mixing the pure whey proteins. The process conditions obtained during the process was further extended to extract the LF from real acidic whey. The selective extraction of LF was improved by studying the effect of NaCl concentration (additive) and aqueous phase pH on the partitioning of LF into the micellar phase. The highest extraction of LF (98.7%) from acidic whey to micellar phase was achieved at the aqueous phase pH of 10.3 and NaCl concentration of 1.1 M. The LF was back extracted to the aqueous stripping phase with 94% extraction efficiency and 100% purity. The recycling capacity of the organic phase after the back extraction of LF was analyzed to make the process more economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali S. Pawar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025 India
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025 India
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16
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Nainegali BS, Iyyaswami R, Belur PD. Simultaneous extraction of four different bioactive compounds from Garcinia indica and their enrichment using Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal Srinivasanagar Mangalore-575 025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal Srinivasanagar Mangalore-575 025 India
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18
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Sampath C, Belur PD, Iyyasami R. Enhancement of n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides in Sardine oil by a bioimprinted cross-linked Candida rugosa lipase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 110:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Vaisali C, Belur PD, Iyyaswami R. Effectiveness of rutin and its lipophilic ester in improving oxidative stability of sardine oil containing trace water. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Vaisali
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology; Mangalore Karnataka 575 025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology; Mangalore Karnataka 575 025 India
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology; Mangalore Karnataka 575 025 India
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20
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Vaisali C, Belur PD, Regupathi I. Lipase mediated synthesis of rutin fatty ester: Study of its process parameters and solvent polarity. Food Chem 2017; 232:278-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Kumar K, Belur PD. New extracellular thermostable oxalate oxidase produced from endophytic Ochrobactrum intermedium CL6: Purification and biochemical characterization. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 46:734-9. [PMID: 26796139 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of oxalate to carbon dioxide with the reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Oxalate oxidase found its application in clinical assay for oxalate in blood and urine. This study describes the purification and biochemical characterization of an oxalate oxidase produced from an endophytic bacterium, Ochrobactrum intermedium CL6. The cell-free fermentation broth was subjected to two-step enzyme purification, which resulted in a 58.74-fold purification with 83% recovery. Specific activity of the final purified enzyme was 26.78 U mg(-1) protein. The enzyme displayed an optimum pH and temperature of 3.8 and 80°C, respectively, and high stability at 4-80°C for 6 h. The enzymatic activity was not influenced by metal ions and chemical agents (K(+), Na(+), Zn(2+), Fe(3+), Mn(2+), Mg(2+), glucose, urea, lactate) commonly found in serum and urine, with Cu(2+) being the exception. The enzyme appears to be a metalloprotein stimulated by Ca(2+) and Fe(2+). Its Km and Kcat for oxalate were found to be 0.45 mM and 85 s(-1), respectively. This enzyme is the only known oxalate oxidase which did not show substrate inhibition up to a substrate concentration of 50 mM. Thermostability, kinetic properties, and the absence of substrate inhibition make this enzyme an ideal candidate for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Mangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Mangalore , Karnataka , India
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Charanyaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka
| | - I. Regupathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka
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Charanyaa S, Vaisali C, Belur PD, Regupathi I. Screening of polymeric membranes for membrane assisted deacidification of sardine oil. Resource-Efficient Technologies 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chandrasekar V, Belur PD, Regupathi I. Effect of hydroxybenzoic acids antioxidants on the oxidative stability of sardine oil. Resource-Efficient Technologies 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Palm wine is a common cheap beverage, widely consumed in parts Africa, Asia and South America. The sap obtained from Palm tree is fermented to produce Palm wine. In the current study palm sap was blended with raisins. After processing, extract was subjected to anaerobic fermentation by inoculating Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an initial pH of 3.5 and initial sugar content of 22-24˚ Brix at room temperature. Wine was then subjected to malolactic fermentation using Oenococcus oeni. The ethanol concentration was found to be in the range of 12-13 % (v/v), and residual sugar concentration was found to be less than 2mg/ml. Fixed acidity in terms of tartaric acid equivalent was found to be in the range of 3.31g/L to 6.18g/L, radical scavenging activity in terms of trolox equivalent was found to be in the range 2.3-2.5mmol TE /L. Various metals such as Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were estimated. In total this concoction wine was comparable with typical grape wine. This work proves that there is a potential to convert cheap palm sap into value added concoction wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Jangra
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal Mangalore Karnataka India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal Mangalore Karnataka India
| | - Larysa B. Oriabinska
- National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,” Kiev; Ukraine
| | - Olexii M. Dugan
- National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,” Kiev; Ukraine
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Abstract
l-Asparaginase is one of the main drugs used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a commonly diagnosed pediatric cancer. Although several microorganisms are found to produce l-asparaginase, only the purified enzymes from E. coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi are employed in the clinical and therapeutic applications in humans. However, their therapeutic response seldom occurs without some evidence of hypersensitivity and other toxic side effects. l-Asparaginase is also of prospective use in food industry to reduce the formation of acrylamide in fried, roasted or baked food products. This review is an attempt to compile information on the properties of l-asparaginases obtained from different microorganisms. The complications involved with the therapeutic use of the currently available l-asparaginases, and the enzyme's potential application as a food processing aid to mitigate acrylamide formation have also been reviewed. Further, avenues for searching alternate sources of l-asparaginase have been discussed, highlighting the prospects of endophytic microorganisms as a possible source of l-asparaginases with varied biochemical and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Rao Krishnapura
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Surathkal, Mangalore , Karnataka , India and
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Surathkal, Mangalore , Karnataka , India and
| | - Sandeep Subramanya
- b Department of Physiology , United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
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Krishnapura PR, Belur PD. Isolation and screening of endophytes from the rhizomes of some Zingiberaceae plants for L-asparaginase production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 46:281-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1031385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bolar S, Iyyaswami R, Belur PD. Purification of Glutaminase fromZygosaccharomyces rouxiiin Polyethylene Glycol– Sodium Sulphate Aqueous Two-Phase System. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.967410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vaisali C, Charanyaa S, Belur PD, Regupathi I. Refining of edible oils: a critical appraisal of current and potential technologies. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Vaisali
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Sampath Charanyaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - I. Regupathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Mangalore 575 025 India
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Aithal M, Belur PD. Enhancement of propyl gallate yield in nonaqueous medium using novel cell-associated tannase of Bacillus massiliensis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 43:445-55. [PMID: 23581780 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2012.745873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of propyl gallate in organic solvent was studied using cell-associated tannase (EC 3.1.1.20) of Bacillus massiliensis. Lyophilized biomass showing tannase activity was used as the biocatalyst. The effects of solvent, surfactant treatment, and bioimprinting on the propyl gallate synthesis were studied and subsequently optimized. Among various solvents, benzene followed by hexane was found to be the most favorable. Treatment of the biocatalyst with Triton X-100 at a lower concentration (0.2% w/v), before lyophilization, increased the propyl gallate yield by 24.5% compared to the untreated biocatalyst. The biocatalyst was imprinted with various concentrations of gallic acid and tannic acid. Biocatalyst imprinted with tannic acid showed 50% enhancement in the propyl gallate yield compared to the non-imprinted biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Aithal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, India
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Mukund P, Belur PD, Saidutta MB. PRODUCTION OF NARINGINASE FROM A NEW SOIL ISOLATE,Bacillus methylotrophicus: ISOLATION, OPTIMIZATION AND SCALE-UP STUDIES. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 44:146-63. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.797910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aithal M, Belur PD. Production of propyl gallate in nonaqueous medium using cell-associated tannase of Bacillus massiliensis: effect of various parameters and statistical optimization. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:210-8. [PMID: 23600575 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of propyl gallate in an organic solvent was studied using cell-associated tannase (E.C. 3.1.1.20) of Bacillus massiliensis. Lyophilized biomass showing tannase activity was used as a biocatalyst. The influence of buffer pH and strength, water activity, temperature, biocatalyst loading, gallic acid concentration, and 1-propanol concentration was studied by the one-factor-at-a-time method. Subsequently, response surface methodology was applied based on a central composite design to determine the effects of three independent variables (biocatalyst loading, gallic acid concentration, and 1-propanol concentration) and their mutual interactions. A total of 20 experiments were conducted, and a statistical model was developed, which predicted the maximum propyl gallate yield of 20.28 μg/mL in the reaction mixture comprising 40.4 mg biocatalyst, 0.4 mM gallic acid, and 6.52 % (v/v) 1-propanol in 9.5 mL benzene at 30°C. The subsequent verification experiments established the validity of the model. Under optimal conditions, 25% conversion of gallic acid to propyl gallate was achieved on a molar basis. The absence of the need for enzyme purification and subsequent immobilization steps and good conversion efficiency makes this enzyme system an interesting one. Reports on the applications of bacterial whole cell systems for synthetic reactions in organic solvents are scarce, and perhaps this is the first report on bacterial cell-associated tannase-mediated esterification in a nonaqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Aithal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, India
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Palabhanvi B, Belur PD. Enhancing Gallic Acid Content in Green Tea Extract by Using Novel Cell-Associated Tannase of B
acillus massiliensis. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj Palabhanvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
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Belur PD. Optimization of Culture Medium for Novel Cell-Associated Tannase Production from Bacillus massiliensis Using Response Surface Methodology. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 22:199-206. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1106.06004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Belur PD, Gopal M, Nirmala KR, Basavaraj N. Production of novel cell-associated tannase from newly isolated Serratia ficaria DTC. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 20:732-736. [PMID: 20467246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Five strains of tannic acid degrading bacteria were isolated and identified by phenotypic characterization. All the five isolates showed cell-associated activity, where as only three showed extracellular activity. Serratia ficaria DTC showing highest cell-associated activity (0.29 U/l) was selected for further shake flask studies. Tannase synthesis was growth associated and reached the peak in the late stationary phase of growth. Organic nitrogen sources enhanced the tannase production. Peak tannase production of 0.56 U/l was recorded in the medium having the initial pH of 6. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were found to be 8.9 and 35 degrees , respectively. This is the first report of cell-associated activity in case of bacterial tannase. Cell-associated tannase of Serratia ficaria DTC could be industrially important from the perspective of its activity at broad temperature and pH range, its unusually high activity at pH 8.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal. Srinivasanagar, Mangalore-575 025, India.
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