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Xu K, Ren X, Wang J, Zhang Q, Fu X, Zhang PC. Clinical development and informatics analysis of natural and semi-synthetic flavonoid drugs: A critical review. J Adv Res 2024; 63:269-284. [PMID: 37949300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are one of the most important metabolites with vast structural diversity and a plethora of potential pharmacological applications, which have drawn considerable attention in the laboratory. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain how many candidates were progressed to clinical application. AIM OF REVIEW We carried out a critical review of natural and semi-synthetic flavonoid drugs and candidates undergoing different clinical phases worldwide by applying an adequate search method and conducted a brief cheminformatic and bioinformatic analysis. It was expected that the obtained results might narrow the screening scope and reduce the cost of drug research and development. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW To our knowledge, this is the most systematic summarization of flavonoid-based drugs and clinical candidates to date. It was found that a total of 19 flavonoid-based drugs have been approved for the market, and of these, natural flavonoids accounted for 52.6%. Besides, a total of 36 flavonoid-based clinical candidates are undergoing or suspended in different phases, and of these, natural flavonoids account for 44.4%. Thus, natural flavonoids remain the best option for finding novel agents/active templates, and when investigated in conjunction with synthetic chemicals and biologicals, they offer the potential to discover novel structures that can lead to effective agents against a variety of human diseases. Additionally, flavonoid-based marketed drugs have been successful in cardiovascular treatment, and the related drugs account for more than 30% of marketed drugs. However, the use of flavonoids as antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents is not likely for approximately 50% of the candidates suspended in the clinical stage. Interestingly, the marketed drugs covered a broader range of chemical spaces based on size, polarity, and three-dimensional structure compared to the clinical candidates. In addition, flavonoid glycosides with poor oral bioavailability account for 36.8% of the marketed drugs, and thus, they could be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Xu
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Xia Ren
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Chongqing Kangzhou Big Data (Group) Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401336, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Chongqing Kangzhou Big Data (Group) Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401336, China
| | - Xianjun Fu
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao 266114, China.
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
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2
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Thakur S, Ankita, Dash S, Verma R, Kaur C, Kumar R, Mazumder A, Singh G. Understanding CFTR Functionality: A Comprehensive Review of Tests and Modulator Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:15-34. [PMID: 38048024 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is caused by a mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7, which leads to abnormal regulation of chloride and bicarbonate ions in cells that line organs like the lungs and pancreas. The CFTR protein plays a crucial role in regulating chloride ion flow, and its absence or malfunction causes the production of thick mucus that affects several organs. There are more than 2000 identified mutations that are classified into seven categories based on their dysfunction mechanisms. In this article, we have conducted a thorough examination and consolidation of the diverse array of tests essential for the quantification of CFTR functionality. Furthermore, we have engaged in a comprehensive discourse regarding the recent advancements in CFTR modulator therapy, a pivotal approach utilized for the management of cystic fibrosis, alongside its concomitant relevance in evaluating CFTR functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorya Thakur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Ankita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Shubham Dash
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Rupali Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India.
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3
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Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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4
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Wang BR, Li YB, Zhang Q, Gao D, Tian P, Li Q, Yin L. Copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,3-enynes and azomethine ylides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4688. [PMID: 37542041 PMCID: PMC10403559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and 1,3-enynes, which provides a series of chiral poly-substituted pyrrolidines in high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Both 4-aryl-1,3-enynes and 4-silyl-1,3-enynes serve as suitable dipolarophiles while 4-alkyl-1,3-enynes are inert. Moreover, the method is successfully applied in the construction of both tetrasubstituted stereogenic carbon centers and chiral spiro pyrrolidines. The DFT calculations are also conducted, which imply a concerted mechanism rather than a stepwise mechanism. Finally, various transformations started from the pyrrolidine bearing a triethylsilylethynyl group and centered on the alkyne group are achieved, which compensates for the inertness of 4-alkyl-1,3-enynes in the present reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dingding Gao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Tian
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Qinghua Li
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Liang Yin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Greszler SN, Zhao G, Shelat B, Voight EA. Enabling Asymmetric Synthesis of ABBV-3748, a Corrector Compound for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7305-7308. [PMID: 36178872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ABBV-3748 is a C2 corrector for the treatment of cystic fibrosis profiled among AbbVie's CFTR portfolio. A decagram-scale enabling asymmetric synthesis is described which addresses numerous shortcomings of the original route. Highlights include an InBr3-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation reaction that rapidly assembles the chromane core, an exceptionally efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of a primary enamide, and identification of tBuMgCl as a uniquely effective base in a challenging acyl sulfonamide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Greszler
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Bhadra Shelat
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric A Voight
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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6
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Kumar SV, Guiry PJ. Zinc‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides Using Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Imidazoline N,O‐ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205516. [PMID: 35603757 PMCID: PMC9543521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB) School of Chemistry University College Dublin (UCD) Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB) School of Chemistry University College Dublin (UCD) Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
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7
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Abstract
Over the past decade there have been significant developments in the field of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator modulator drugs. Following treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis with common gating mutations using the potentiator drug ivacaftor, successive development of corrector drugs used in combination has led to highly effective modulator therapy being available to more than 85% of the cystic fibrosis population over 12 years of age in the form of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. In this article, we review the evidence from clinical trials and mounting real-world observational and registry data that demonstrates the impact highly effective modulators have on both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis. As clinical trials progress to younger patient groups, we discuss the challenges to demonstrating drug efficacy in early life, and also consider practicalities of drug development in an ever-shrinking modulator-naïve population. Drug-drug interactions are an important consideration in people with cystic fibrosis, where polypharmacy is commonplace, but also as the modulated population look to remain healthier for longer, we identify trials that aim to address treatment burden too. Inequity of care, through drug cost or ineligibility for modulators by genotype, is widening without apparent strategies to address this; however, we present evidence of hopeful early-stage drug development for non-modulatable genes and summarise the current state of gene-therapy development.
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8
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Kumar SV, Guiry PJ. Zinc‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides Using Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Imidazoline N,O‐ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB) School of Chemistry University College Dublin (UCD) Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB) School of Chemistry University College Dublin (UCD) Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
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9
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Scanio MJC, Searle XB, Liu B, Koenig JR, Altenbach RJ, Gfesser GA, Bogdan A, Greszler S, Zhao G, Singh A, Fan Y, Swensen AM, Vortherms T, Manelli A, Balut C, Gao W, Yong H, Schrimpf M, Tse C, Kym P, Wang X. Discovery and SAR of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid correctors of CFTR for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128843. [PMID: 35688367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations on both copies of the CFTR gene. Phenylalanine deletion at position 508 of the CFTR protein (F508del-CFTR) is the most frequent mutation in CF patients. Currently, the most effective treatments of CF use a dual or triple combination of CFTR correctors and potentiators. In triple therapy, two correctors (C1 and C2) and a potentiator are employed. Herein, we describe the identification and exploration of the SAR of a series of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C2 correctors of CFTR to be used in conjunction with our existing C1 corrector series for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J C Scanio
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Xenia B Searle
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John R Koenig
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert J Altenbach
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gregory A Gfesser
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Bogdan
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen Greszler
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ashvani Singh
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yihong Fan
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew M Swensen
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Timothy Vortherms
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Arlene Manelli
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Corina Balut
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hong Yong
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael Schrimpf
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chris Tse
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Philip Kym
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, United States
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10
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common genetic disease among the Caucasian population, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride epithelial channel whose dysfunction results in severe airway obstruction and inflammation, eventually leading to respiratory failure. The discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989 provided new insights into the basic genetic defect of CF and allowed the study of potential therapies targeting the aberrant protein. In recent years, the approval of “CFTR modulators”, the first molecules designed to selectively target the underlying molecular defects caused by specific CF-causing mutations, marked the beginning of a new era in CF treatment. These drugs have been demonstrated to significantly improve lung function and ameliorate the quality of life of many patients, especially those bearing the most common CFTR mutatant F508del. However, a substantial portion of CF subjects, accounting for ~20% of the European CF population, carry rare CFTR mutations and are still not eligible for CFTR modulator therapy, partly due to our limited understanding of the molecular defects associated with these genetic alterations. Thus, the implementation of models to study the phenotype of these rare CFTR mutations and their response to currently approved drugs, as well as to compounds under research and clinical development, is of key importance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the potential of CFTR modulators in rescuing the function of rare CF-causing CFTR variants, focusing on both investigational and clinically approved molecules.
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11
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Xu X, Bao L, Ran L, Yang Z, Yan D, Wang CJ, Teng H. Synthesis of bioactive fluoropyrrolidines via copper(i)-catalysed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1398-1407. [PMID: 35222924 PMCID: PMC8809416 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral pyrrolidinyl units are important building blocks in biologically active natural products and drugs, and the development of efficient methods for the synthesis of diverse structured pyrrolidine derivatives is of great importance. Meanwhile, incorporating fluorine containing groups into small molecules often changes their activities to a great extent due to the special physicochemical properties of fluorine atoms. Herein, we report an efficient route to obtain enantioenriched 3,3-difluoro- and 3,3,4-trifluoropyrrolidinyl derivatives by Cu(i)-catalysed enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with less active 1,1-difluoro- and 1,1,2-trifluorostyrenes. A series of new fluorinated pyrrolidines have been prepared in high yields (up to 96%) and with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr and 97% ee), and these unique structural blocks could be readily introduced into some natural compounds and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, antifungal activity investigation against four common plant fungi showed that some products possess general and high biological activities; comparison with the low antifungal activities of corresponding nonfluorinated compounds revealed that the fluorine atoms at the pyrrolidinyl rings play a crucial role in the antifungal activity. Chiral fluoropyrrolidines were synthesized by Cu(i)-catalyzed enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with less active fluorinated styrenes, with broad substrate scope and high yield, stereoselectivity and biological activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Longzhu Bao
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ran
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyan Yang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Dingce Yan
- Analytical and Testing Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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12
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Cu-catalyzed endo-selective asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with ethenesulfonyl fluorides: Efficient access to chiral pyrrolidine-3-sulfonyl fluorides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Voight EA, Greszler SN, Kym PR. Fueling the Pipeline via Innovations in Organic Synthesis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1365-1373. [PMID: 34531945 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The paramount importance of synthetic organic chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry arises from the necessity to physically prepare all designed molecules to obtain key data to feed the design-synthesis-data cycle, with the medicinal chemist at the center of this cycle. Synthesis specialists accelerate the cycle of medicinal chemistry innovation by rapidly identifying and executing impactful synthetic methods and strategies to accomplish project goals, addressing the synthetic accessibility bottleneck that often plagues discovery efforts. At AbbVie, Discovery Synthesis Groups (DSGs) such as Centralized Organic Synthesis (COS) have been deployed as embedded members of medicinal chemistry teams, filling the gap between discovery and process chemistry. COS chemists provide synthetic tools, scaffolds, and lead compounds to fuel the pipeline. Examples of project contributions from neuroscience, cystic fibrosis, and virology illustrate the impact of the DSG approach. In the first ten years of innovative science in pursuit of excellence in synthesis, several advanced drug candidates, including ABBV-2222 (galicaftor) for cystic fibrosis and foslevodopa/foscarbidopa for Parkinson's disease, have emerged with key contributions from COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Voight
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Stephen N. Greszler
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Philip R. Kym
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
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14
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Mutyam V, Sharma J, Li Y, Peng N, Chen J, Tang LP, Falk Libby E, Singh AK, Conrath K, Rowe SM. Novel Correctors and Potentiators Enhance Translational Readthrough in CFTR Nonsense Mutations. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:604-616. [PMID: 33616476 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0291oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature-termination codons (PTCs) in CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) result in nonfunctional CFTR protein and are the proximate cause of ∼11% of CF-causing alleles, for which no treatments exist. The CFTR corrector lumacaftor and the potentiator ivacaftor improve CFTR function with terminal PTC mutations and enhance the effect of readthrough agents. Novel correctors GLPG2222 (corrector 1 [C1]), GLPG3221 (corrector 2 [C2]), and potentiator GLPG1837 compare favorably with lumacaftor and ivacaftor in vitro. Here, we evaluated the effect of correctors C1a and C2a (derivatives of C1 and C2) and GLPG1837 alone or in combination with the readthrough compound G418 on CFTR function using heterologous Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells, the genetically engineered human bronchial epithelial (HBE) 16HBE14o- cell lines, and primary human cells with PTC mutations. In FRT lines pretreated with G418, GLPG1837 elicited dose-dependent increases in CFTR activity that exceeded those from ivacaftor in FRT-W1282X and FRT-R1162X cells. A three-mechanism strategy consisting of G418, GLPG1837, and two correctors (C1a + C2a) yielded the greatest functional improvements in FRT and 16HBE14o- PTC variants, noting that correction and potentiation without readthrough was sufficient to stimulate CFTR activity for W1282X cells. GLPG1837 + C1a + C2a restored substantial function in G542X/F508del HBE cells and restored even more function for W1282X/F508del cells, largely because of the corrector/potentiator effect, with no additional benefit from G418. In G542X/R553X or R1162X/R1162X organoids, enhanced forskolin-induced swelling was observed with G418 + GLPG1837 + C1a + C2a, although GLPG1837 + C1a + C2a alone was sufficient to improve forskolin-induced swelling in W1282X/W1282X organoids. Combination of CFTR correctors, potentiators, and readthrough compounds augments the functional repair of CFTR nonsense mutations, indicating the potential for novel correctors and potentiators to restore function to truncated W1282X CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Pinto MC, Silva IAL, Figueira MF, Amaral MD, Lopes-Pacheco M. Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:693-723. [PMID: 34326672 PMCID: PMC8316759 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia. Despite clinical progress in delaying disease progression with symptomatic therapies, these individuals still develop various chronic complications in lungs and other organs, which significantly restricts their life expectancy and quality of life. The development of high-throughput assays to screen drug-like compound libraries have enabled the discovery of highly effective CFTR modulator therapies. These novel therapies target the primary defect underlying CF and are now approved for clinical use for individuals with specific CF genotypes. However, the clinically approved modulators only partially reverse CFTR dysfunction and there is still a considerable number of individuals with CF carrying rare CFTR mutations who remain without any effective CFTR modulator therapy. Accordingly, additional efforts have been pursued to identify novel and more potent CFTR modulators that may benefit a larger CF population. The use of ex vivo individual-derived specimens has also become a powerful tool to evaluate novel drugs and predict their effectiveness in a personalized medicine approach. In addition to CFTR modulators, pro-drugs aiming at modulating alternative ion channels/transporters are under development to compensate for the lack of CFTR function. These therapies may restore normal mucociliary clearance through a mutation-agnostic approach (ie, independent of CFTR mutation) and include inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), modulators of the calcium-activated channel transmembrane 16A (TMEM16, or anoctamin 1) or of the solute carrier family 26A member 9 (SLC26A9), and anionophores. The present review focuses on recent progress and challenges for the development of ion channel/transporter-modulating drugs for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C Pinto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miriam F Figueira
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Sequential nucleophilic addition/1,2-rearrangement of N-iminolactam: A ring-contractive strategy for the synthesis of 2-acyl pyrrolidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Hall A, Chanteux H, Ménochet K, Ledecq M, Schulze MSED. Designing Out PXR Activity on Drug Discovery Projects: A Review of Structure-Based Methods, Empirical and Computational Approaches. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6413-6522. [PMID: 34003642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This perspective discusses the role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) in drug discovery and the impact of its activation on CYP3A4 induction. The use of structural biology to reduce PXR activity on drug discovery projects has become more common in recent years. Analysis of this work highlights several important molecular interactions, and the resultant structural modifications to reduce PXR activity are summarized. The computational approaches undertaken to support the design of new drugs devoid of PXR activation potential are also discussed. Finally, the SAR of empirical design strategies to reduce PXR activity is reviewed, and the key SAR transformations are discussed and summarized. In conclusion, this perspective demonstrates that PXR activity can be greatly diminished or negated on active drug discovery projects with the knowledge now available. This perspective should be useful to anyone who seeks to reduce PXR activity on a drug discovery project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marie Ledecq
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
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18
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Chang X, Yang Y, Shen C, Xue KS, Wang ZF, Cong H, Tao HY, Chung LW, Wang CJ. β-Substituted Alkenyl Heteroarenes as Dipolarophiles in the Cu(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides Empowered by a Dual Activation Strategy: Stereoselectivity and Mechanistic Insight. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3519-3535. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun-Shan Xue
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Tao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Bardin E, Pastor A, Semeraro M, Golec A, Hayes K, Chevalier B, Berhal F, Prestat G, Hinzpeter A, Gravier-Pelletier C, Pranke I, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Modulators of CFTR. Updates on clinical development and future directions. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113195. [PMID: 33524685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent life-limiting autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population. It is due to mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Current symptomatic CF therapies, which treat the downstream consequences of CFTR mutations, have increased survival. Better knowledge of the CFTR protein has enabled pharmacologic therapy aiming to restore mutated CFTR expression and function. These CFTR "modulators" have revolutionised the CF therapeutic landscape, with the potential to transform prognosis for a considerable number of patients. This review provides a brief summary of their mechanism of action and presents a thorough review of the results obtained from clinical trials of CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Pastor
- LCBPT, UMR CNRS 8601, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Unité de Recherche Clinique-CIC P1419, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anita Golec
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades. INSERM U1151, Paris, France
| | - Kate Hayes
- Clinical Trial Network, European Cystic Fibrosis Society, Belfast, Ireland
| | | | - Farouk Berhal
- LCBPT, UMR CNRS 8601, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Prestat
- LCBPT, UMR CNRS 8601, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Iwona Pranke
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades. INSERM U1151, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades. INSERM U1151, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Clinical Trial Network, European Cystic Fibrosis Society, Belfast, Ireland; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies de CFTR, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France; European Respiratory Network Lung, Paris, France.
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20
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Laselva O, McCormack J, Bartlett C, Ip W, Gunawardena TNA, Ouyang H, Eckford PDW, Gonska T, Moraes TJ, Bear CE. Preclinical Studies of a Rare CF-Causing Mutation in the Second Nucleotide Binding Domain (c.3700A>G) Show Robust Functional Rescue in Primary Nasal Cultures by Novel CFTR Modulators. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040209. [PMID: 33167369 PMCID: PMC7712331 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination therapies ORKAMBITM and TRIKAFTATM are approved for people who have the F508del mutation on at least one allele. In this study we examine the effects of potentiator and corrector combinations on the rare mutation c.3700A>G. This mutation produces a cryptic splice site that deletes six amino acids in NBD2 (I1234-R1239del). Like F508del it causes protein misprocessing and reduced chloride channel function. We show that a novel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR modulator triple combination (AC1, corrector, AC2-2, co-potentiator and AP2, potentiator), rescued I1234-R1239del-CFTR activity to WT-CFTR level in HEK293 cells. Moreover, we show that although the response to ORKAMBI was modest in nasal epithelial cells from two individuals homozygous for I1234-R1239del-CFTR, a substantial functional rescue was achieved with the novel triple combination. Interestingly, while both the novel CFTR triple combination and TRIKAFTATM treatment showed functional rescue in gene-edited I1234-R1239del-CFTR-expressing HBE cells and in nasal cells from two CF patients heterozygous for I1234-R1239del/W1282X, nasal cells homozygous for I1234-R1239del-CFTR showed no significant response to the TRIKAFTATM combination. These data suggest a potential benefit of CFTR modulators on the functional rescue of I1234-R1239del -CFTR, which arises from the rare CF-causing mutation c.3700A>G, and highlight that patient tissues are crucial to our full understanding of functional rescue in rare CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
| | - Jacqueline McCormack
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Wan Ip
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Tarini N. A. Gunawardena
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Paul D. W. Eckford
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
| | - Theo J. Moraes
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
| | - Christine E. Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-816-5981
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21
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Haibach MC, Ickes AR, Wilders AM, Shekhar S. Recent Advances in Nonprecious Metal Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Haibach
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew R. Ickes
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Alison M. Wilders
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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22
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Laselva O, Bartlett C, Popa A, Ouyang H, Gunawardena TNA, Gonska T, Moraes TJ, Bear CE. Emerging preclinical modulators developed for F508del-CFTR have the potential to be effective for ORKAMBI resistant processing mutants. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:106-119. [PMID: 32741662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND F508del is prototypical of Class 2 CFTR mutations associated with protein misprocessing and reduced function. Corrector compounds like lumacaftor partially rescue the processing defect of F508del-CFTR whereas potentiators like ivacaftor, enhance its channel activity once trafficked to the cell surface. We asked if emerging modulators developed for F508del-CFTR can rescue Class 2 mutations previously shown to be poorly responsive to lumacaftor and ivacaftor. METHODS Rescue of mutant CFTRs by the correctors: AC1, AC2-1 or AC2-2 and the potentiator, AP2, was studied in HEK-293 cells and in primary human nasal epithelial (HNE) cultures, using a membrane potential assay and Ussing chamber, respectively. RESULTS In HEK-293 cells, we found that a particular combination of corrector molecules (AC1 plus AC2-1) and a potentiator (AP2) was effective in rescuing both the misprocessing and reduced function of M1101K and G85E respectively. These findings were recapitulated in patient-derived nasal cultures, although another corrector combination, AC1 plus AC2-2 also improved misprocessing in these primary tissues. Interestingly, while this corrector combination only led to a modest increase in the abundance of mature N1303K-CFTR it did enable its functional expression in the presence of the potentiator, AP2, in part, because the nominal corrector, AC2-2 also exhibits potentiator activity. CONCLUSIONS Strategic combinations of novel modulators can potentially rescue Class 2 mutants thought to be relatively unresponsive to lumacaftor and ivacaftor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alec Popa
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Tanja Gonska
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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23
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Wei W, Cherukupalli S, Jing L, Liu X, Zhan P. Fsp 3: A new parameter for drug-likeness. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1839-1845. [PMID: 32712310 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The drug-likeness of a compound is a key factor during the initial phases of drug discovery. It can be defined as the similarity between compounds and drugs. Here, we collate research related to the fraction of sp3 carbon atoms (Fsp3), including related high-throughput screening (HTS) cases, structural modifications based on Fsp3, and strategies to improve it. We also introduce new synthetic methods for spirocyclic scaffolds. It is likely that the reasonable rigidity of spirocyclic scaffolds will provide a new generation of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lanlan Jing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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24
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Greszler SN, Zhao G, Buchman M, Searle XB, Liu B, Voight EA. General Asymmetric Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Pyrrolidines via Endo-Selective [3+2] Cycloaddition of β-Quaternary-Substituted Nitroalkenes and Azomethine Ylides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7620-7632. [PMID: 32374998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A scalable endo-selective synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrolidines via cycloaddition of nitroalkenes and azomethine ylides is reported using a P,N-type ferrocenyl ligand and [Cu(OTf)]2·C6H6. The robust method is tolerant of a wide range of functionalities, including rarely reported quaternary nitroalkene substitution and heteroaromatic and hindered ortho-substituted arenes on the azomethine ylide. Subsequent transformations highlight the utility of the method in the synthesis of densely functionalized small molecules suitable for fragment-based drug discovery and the cystic fibrosis C2-corrector clinical candidate ABBV-3221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Greszler
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Marek Buchman
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xenia B Searle
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric A Voight
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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25
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Lopes-Pacheco M. CFTR Modulators: The Changing Face of Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Precision Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1662. [PMID: 32153386 PMCID: PMC7046560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which result in impairment of CFTR mRNA and protein expression, function, stability or a combination of these. Although CF leads to multifaceted clinical manifestations, the respiratory disorder represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients. The life expectancy of CF patients has substantially lengthened due to early diagnosis and improvements in symptomatic therapeutic regimens. Quality of life remains nevertheless limited, as these individuals are subjected to considerable clinical, psychosocial and economic burdens. Since the discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989, tremendous efforts have been made to develop therapies acting more upstream on the pathogenesis cascade, thereby overcoming the underlying dysfunctions caused by CFTR mutations. In this line, the advances in cell-based high-throughput screenings have been facilitating the fast-tracking of CFTR modulators. These modulator drugs have the ability to enhance or even restore the functional expression of specific CF-causing mutations, and they have been classified into five main groups depending on their effects on CFTR mutations: potentiators, correctors, stabilizers, read-through agents, and amplifiers. To date, four CFTR modulators have reached the market, and these pharmaceutical therapies are transforming patients' lives with short- and long-term improvements in clinical outcomes. Such breakthroughs have paved the way for the development of novel CFTR modulators, which are currently under experimental and clinical investigations. Furthermore, recent insights into the CFTR structure will be useful for the rational design of next-generation modulator drugs. This review aims to provide a summary of recent developments in CFTR-directed therapeutics. Barriers and future directions are also discussed in order to optimize treatment adherence, identify feasible and sustainable solutions for equitable access to these therapies, and continue to expand the pipeline of novel modulators that may result in effective precision medicine for all individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Laselva O, Eckford PD, Bartlett C, Ouyang H, Gunawardena TN, Gonska T, Moraes TJ, Bear CE. Functional rescue of c.3846G>A (W1282X) in patient-derived nasal cultures achieved by inhibition of nonsense mediated decay and protein modulators with complementary mechanisms of action. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 19:717-727. [PMID: 31831337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonsense mutation, c.3846G>A (aka: W1282X-CFTR) leads to a truncated transcript that is susceptible to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and produces a shorter protein that is unstable and lacks normal channel activity in patient-derived tissues. However, if overexpressed in a heterologous expression system, the truncated mutant protein has been shown to mediate CFTR channel function following the addition of potentiators. In this study, we asked if a quadruple combination of small molecules that together inhibit nonsense mediated decay, stabilize both halves of the mutant protein and potentiate CFTR channel activity could rescue the functional expression of W1282X-CFTR in patient derived nasal cultures. METHODS We identified the CFTR domains stabilized by corrector compounds supplied from AbbVie using a fragment based, biochemical approach. Rescue of the channel function of W1282X.-CFTR protein by NMD inhibition and small molecule protein modulators was studied using a bronchial cell line engineered to express W1282X and in primary nasal epithelial cultures derived from four patients homozygous for this mutation. RESULTS We confirmed previous studies showing that inhibition of NMD using the inhibitor: SMG1i, led to an increased abundance of the shorter transcript in a bronchial cell line. Interestingly, on top of SMG1i, treatment with a combination of two new correctors developed by Galapagos/AbbVie (AC1 and AC2-2, separately targeting either the first or second half of CFTR and promoting assembly, significantly increased the potentiated channel activity by the mutant in the bronchial epithelial cell line and in patient-derived nasal epithelial cultures. The average rescue effect in primary cultures was approximately 50% of the regulated chloride conductance measured in non-CF cultures. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide the first in-vitro evidence in patient derived airway cultures that the functional defects incurred by W1282X, has the potential to be effectively repaired pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Dw Eckford
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarini Na Gunawardena
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Christine E Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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