1
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Si W, Chen H, Lin X, Wu G, Zhao J, Sha J. Actuation mechanism of a nanoscale drilling rig based on nested carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10414-10427. [PMID: 38742415 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on health and the continuous improvement of medical standards, more and more micro/nano devices are being used in the medical field. However, the existing micro/nano devices cannot effectively solve various problems encountered in medical processes and achieve specific therapeutic effects. Based on this, this article designs a new type of nanoscale drilling rig. The nanoscale drilling rig is composed of double-layer nested carbon nanotubes with multiple electrodes, and is powered by an external power source, making it easy to perform long-term surgery in the human body. Through coding strategies, we can adjust the surface charge density and distribution of the nanoscale drilling rig, thereby controlling its periodical rotation and achieving precise medical treatment. In addition, in order to control the length of the nanoscale drill bit, meet the treatment needs of different parts of the human body, and reduce damage to the human body, we have designed a structure of ion electric double layers so that the drill bit can be fixed in different positions, reducing the risk of treatment to a certain extent. This drilling rig enriches the functions of micro/nano devices, which is beneficial for the development of the medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Haonan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Gensheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
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2
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Yu YS, Ren Q, Tan RR, Ding HM. Exploring the non-monotonic DNA capture behavior in a charged graphene nanopore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28034-28042. [PMID: 37846110 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03767c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-based biomolecule detection has emerged as a promising and sought-after innovation, offering high throughput, rapidity, label-free analysis, and cost-effectiveness, with potential applications in personalized medicine. However, achieving efficient and tunable biomolecule capture into the nanopore remains a significant challenge. In this study, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the capture of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules into graphene nanopores with varying positive charges. We discover a non-monotonic relationship between the DNA capture rate and the charge of the graphene nanopore. Specifically, the capture rate initially decreases and then increases with an increase in nanopore charge. This behavior is primarily attributed to differences in the electrophoretic force, rather than the influence of electroosmosis or counterions. Furthermore, we also observe this non-monotonic trend in various ionic solutions, but not in ionless solutions. Our findings shed light on the design of novel DNA sequencing devices, offering valuable insights into enhancing biomolecule capture rates in nanopore-based sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sheng Yu
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- National Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Rong-Ri Tan
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Hong-Ming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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3
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Sun LZ, Ying YJ. Moving dynamics of a nanorobot with three DNA legs on nanopore-based tracks. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15794-15809. [PMID: 37740362 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanorobots have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their unique advantages of modularity and algorithm simplicity. To accomplish specific tasks in complex environments, various walking strategies are required for the DNA legs of the nanorobot. In this paper, we employ computational simulations to investigate a well-designed DNA-legged nanorobot moving along a nanopore-based track on a planar membrane. The nanorobot consists of a large nanoparticle as the robot core and three single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) as the robot legs. The nanopores linearly embedded in the membrane serve as the toeholds for the robot legs. A charge gradient along the pore distribution mainly powers the activation of the nanorobot. The nanorobot can move in two modes: a walking mode, where the robot legs sequentially enter the nanopores, and a jumping mode, where the robot legs may skip a nanopore to reach the next one. Moreover, we observe that the moving dynamics of the nanorobot on the nanopore-based tracks depends on pore-pore distance, pore charge gradient, external voltage, and leg length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen Sun
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Yao-Jun Ying
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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4
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Si W, Lin X, Wang L, Wu G, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Sha J. Nanopore actuation of a DNA-tracked nanovehicle. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14659-14668. [PMID: 37622615 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of nanomachine that has great potential for applications in nanoscale sensing and manipulation, nanovehicles with unique shapes and functions have received extensive attention in recent years. Different from the existing common method of using synthetic chemistry to design and manufacture a nanovehicle, here we theoretically report a molecularly assembled DNA-tracked nanovehicle that can move on a solid-state surface using molecular dynamics simulations. A graphene membrane with four nanopores acts as the chassis of the nanoscale vehicle, and two circular ssDNAs across the nanopores serve as the wheels. The electroosmotic flows induced by independently charged nanopores with different surface charge densities under external electric fields were found to be the main power to actuate the controlled rotary motion of circular ssDNAs across every two nanopores. By tuning the rotary speed of each circular ssDNA, the linear and turning movements of the designed nanovehicle were realized. The designed nanovehicle makes it possible to have access to almost everywhere in the human body, which would lead to significant breakthroughs in the fields of nanoscale surgery, drug delivery and so on. The research not only enriches the family of nanorobots, but also opens another way for designing nanovehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Gensheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
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5
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Ahmadi E, Sadeghi A, Chakraborty S. Slip-Coupled Electroosmosis and Electrophoresis Dictate DNA Translocation Speed in Solid-State Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12292-12301. [PMID: 37603825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the DNA translocation speed is critical in nanopore sequencing, but remains rather challenging in practice, as attributable to a complex coupling between nanoscale fluidics and electrically mediated migration of DNA in a dynamically evolving manner. One important factor influencing the translocation speed is the DNA-liquid slippage stemming from the hydrophobic nature of the oligonucleotide, an aspect that has been widely ignored in the reported literature. In an effort to circumvent this conceptual deficit, here we first develop an analytical model to bring out the slip-mediated coupling between the electroosmosis and DNA-electrophoresis in a solid-state nanopore at low surface charge limits, ignoring the end effects. Subsequently, we compare these results with the numerical simulation data on electrokinetically modulated DNA translocation in such a nanopore, albeit of finite length with due accommodation of the end effects, connecting two end reservoirs by deploying a fully coupled Poisson-Nernst-Plank-Stokes flow model. Both the numerical and analytical results indicate that the DNA translocation speed is a linearly increasing function of the slip length, with more than four-fold increase being observed for a slip length as minimal as 0.5 nm as compared to the no-slip scenario. Considering specific strategies on demand for arresting high translocation speeds for accurate DNA sequencing, the above results establish a theoretical proposition for the same, premised on an analytical expression of the DNA-hydrophobicity modulated enhancement in the translocation speed for designing a nanopore-based sequencing platform─a paradigm that remained to be underemphasized thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Arman Sadeghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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6
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Chen Y, Zhu F, Leng J, Ying T, Jiang JW, Zhou Q, Chang T, Guo W, Gao H. Fluctuotaxis: Nanoscale directional motion away from regions of fluctuation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220500120. [PMID: 37487105 PMCID: PMC10401016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating the motion of nanoscale objects on a solid surface is vital for a broad range of technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, and mechanotechnology. In spite of impressive advances achieved in the field, there is still a lack of a robust mechanism which can operate under a wide range of situations and in a controllable manner. Here, we report a mechanism capable of controllably driving directed motion of any nanoobjects (e.g., nanoparticles, biomolecules, etc.) in both solid and liquid forms. We show via molecular dynamics simulations that a nanoobject would move preferentially away from the fluctuating region of an underlying substrate, a phenomenon termed fluctuotaxis-for which the driving force originates from the difference in atomic fluctuations of the substrate behind and ahead of the object. In particular, we find that the driving force can depend quadratically on both the amplitude and frequency of the substrate and can thus be tuned flexibly. The proposed driving mechanism provides a robust and controllable way for nanoscale mass delivery and has potential in various applications including nanomotors, molecular machines, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Fangyan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Jiantao Leng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Tianquan Ying
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
- Joint-Research Center for Computational Materials, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Tienchong Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
- Joint-Research Center for Computational Materials, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, China
- Shanghai Institute of Aircraft Mechanics and Control, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing210016, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
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7
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Sun Y, Liu L, Jiang L, Chen Y, Zhang H, Xu X, Liu Y. Unimolecular Chiral Stepping Inversion Machine. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37486147 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent molecular machines that are driven by light, electricity, and temperature have attracted considerable interest in the fields of chemistry, materials, and biology. Herein, a unimolecular chiral stepping inversion molecular machine (SIMM) was constructed by a coupling reaction between dibromo pillar[5]arene and a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative (PT3 and PT5). Compared with the longer aliphatic linker PT5, PT3 with a shorter aliphatic linker shows chiral stepping inversion, achieving chiral inversion under a two-electron redox potential. Benefiting from the successive reversible two-electron redox potential of TTF, the self-exclusion and self-inclusion conformational transformations of SIMM can proceed in two steps under redox, leading to the chirality step inversion in the pillar[5]arene core. Electrochemical experiments and circular dichroism (CD) spectra show that the redox processes can cause SIMM CD signaling to reversibly switch. More importantly, as the oxidant Fe(ClO4)3 was increased from 0.1 to 1 equiv, the CD spectral signal of SIMM disappeared at 1 equiv, and further addition of Fe(ClO4)3 resulted in the CD signal reversed from positive to negative at 309 nm, indicating that the chirality was reversed after chemical oxidation and reached a negative maximum with the addition of 2 equiv Fe(ClO4)3; thus, redox-triggered chiral stepping inversion was achieved. Furthermore, the chiral inversion can be restored to its original state after the addition of 2 equiv of reducing agent, sodium ascorbate. This work demonstrates unimolecular chiral stepping inversion, providing a new perspective on stimulus-responsive chirality in molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Sun
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Linnan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hengyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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8
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Huang C, Li Z, Zhu X, Ma X, Li N, Fan J. Two Detection Modes of Nanoslit Sensing Based on Planar Heterostructure of Graphene/Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3301-3312. [PMID: 36638059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopore sequencing is now confronted with problems of stochastic pore clogging and too fast speed during the DNA permeation through a nanopore, although this technique is revolutionary with long readability and high efficiency. These two problems are related to controlling molecular transportation during sequencing. To control the DNA motion and identify the four bases, we propose nanoslit sensing based on the planar heterostructure of two-dimensional graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed on investigating the motion of DNA molecules on the heterostructure with a nanoslit sensor. Results show that the DNA molecules are confined within the hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) domain of the heterostructure. And the confinement effects of the heterostructure can be optimized by tailoring the stripe length. Besides, there are two ways of DNA permeation through nanoslits: the DNA can cross or translocate the nanoslit under applied voltages along the y and z directions. The two detection modes are named cross-slit and trans-slit, respectively. In both modes, the ionic current drops can be observed when the nanoslit is occupied by the DNA. And the ionic currents and dwell times can be simultaneously detected to identify the four different DNA bases. This study can shed light on the sensing mechanism based on the nanoslit sensor of a planar heterostructure and provide theoretical guidance on designing devices controlling molecular transportation during nanopore sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinyao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan030000, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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9
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Deng X, Su Y, Xu M, Gong D, Cai J, Akhter M, Chen K, Li S, Pan J, Gao C, Li D, Zhang W, Xu W. Magnetic Micro/nanorobots for biological detection and targeted delivery. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114960. [PMID: 36463650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Deng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health Institute of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - De Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Muhammad Akhter
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kehan Chen
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health Institute of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daoliang Li
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health Institute of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism Food Safety MOA, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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10
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Abstract
Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely actuated and maneuvered individually or in a swarm for cargo delivery, sampling, surgery, and imaging applications. In addition, microrobots have found applications in the environmental sector (e.g., water treatment). Besides, recent advancements of three-dimensional (3D) printers have enabled the high-resolution fabrication of microrobots with a faster design-production turnaround time for users with limited micromanufacturing skills. Here, the latest end applications of 3D printed microrobots are reviewed (ranging from environmental to biomedical applications) along with a brief discussion over the feasible actuation methods (e.g., on- and off-board), and practical 3D printing technologies for microrobot fabrication. In addition, as a future perspective, we discussed the potential advantages of integration of microrobots with smart materials, and conceivable benefits of implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), as well as physical intelligence (PI). Moreover, in order to facilitate bench-to-bedside translation of microrobots, current challenges impeding clinical translation of microrobots are elaborated, including entry obstacles (e.g., immune system attacks) and cumbersome standard test procedures to ensure biocompatibility. Microbots have attracted attention due to an ability to reach places and perform tasks which are not possible with conventional techniques in a wide range of applications. Here, the authors review the recent work in the field on the fabrication, application and actuation of 3D printed microbots offering a view of the direction of future microbot research.
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11
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Sun LZ, Qian JL, Cai P, Xu X. Mutual effects between single-stranded DNA conformation and Na +-Mg 2+ ion competition in mixed salt solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20867-20881. [PMID: 36043348 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02737b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ion-dependence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) conformational changes has attracted growing attention because of its biological and technological importance. Although single-species ion effects have been extensively explored, it is challenging to study the ssDNA conformational properties under mixed monovalent/divalent ion conditions due to the complications of ssDNA flexibility and ion-ion competition. In this study, we apply Langevin dynamics simulations to investigate mixed Na+/Mg2+ ion-dependent ssDNA conformations. The ssDNA structure is described using a coarse-grained model, in which the phosphate, base, and sugar of each nucleotide are represented by three different beads. A novel improvement in our simulation model is that mixed-salt-related electrostatic interactions are computed via combining Manning counterion condensation (MCC) theory with the Monte Carlo tightly bound ion (MCTBI) model. Based on this MCC-MCTBI combination, we report new empirical functions to describe the ion-concentration-dependent and ssDNA conformation/structure-dependent electrostatic effects. The calculation results relating to the ion binding properties and the simulation results relating to the ssDNA conformational properties are validated against experimental results. In addition, our simulation results suggest a quantitative relationship between the ssDNA conformation and Na+-Mg2+ competition; this in turn reveals their mutual impact in the ion atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen Sun
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Jun-Lin Qian
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Pinggen Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
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12
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Si W, Zhu Z, Wu G, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Sha J. Encoding Manipulation of DNA-Nanoparticle Assembled Nanorobot Using Independently Charged Array Nanopores. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200318. [PMID: 35656741 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, scientists have developed different kinds of nanorobots based on various driving principles to realize controlled manipulation of them for potential applications like medical diagnosis and directed cargo delivery. In order to design a nanorobot with advantages of simple operation and precise control that can enrich the family of intelligent nanorobots, an encoding manipulation method is proposed to control the movement of a DNA-nanoparticle assembled nanorobot by combing electrophoresis and electroosmosis effect in independently charged array nanopores. The nanorobot is composed of one nanoparticle and one or two ssDNAs. ssDNAs act as the legs of the nanorobot. The selective ion transport through charged nanopores can induce cooperation and competition between the electroosmosis and electrophoresis, which is the main power to activate the nanorobot. Thus by simply switching the applied electric field and surface charge density of each nanopore which is defined as the encoded nanopore according to a predetermined strategy, the well-controlled encoding manipulation including capturing, releasing, jumping, and crawling of the nanorobot is realized in this work. The study is expected to realize its value in many interesting applications like drug delivery, nanosurgery, and so on in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Gensheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211100, China
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13
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Gu Z, He Z, Chen F, Meng L, Feng J, Zhou R. Ionic Liquid Decelerates Single-Stranded DNA Transport through Molybdenum Disulfide Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32618-32624. [PMID: 35798544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores in two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged to offer in principle necessary spatial resolution for high-throughput DNA sequencing. However, their fidelity is severely limited by the fast DNA translocation. A recent experiment indicates that introducing ionic liquids could slow down DNA translocation in a MoS2 nanopore. However, the corresponding in-depth molecular mechanism underlying the experimental findings is not fully understood, which is crucial for the future improvement of rational DNA translocation control. Here, we computationally investigate and then experimentally identify the effect of BmimCl ionic liquid on the retardation of ssDNA translocation through a single-layer MoS2 nanopore. Our all-atom molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the strong interaction between Bmim+ and ssDNA offers a considerable dragging force to decelerate the electrophoretic motion of ssDNA in the BmimCl solution. Moreover, we show that Bmim+ ions exhibit preferential binding on the sulfur edges of the nanopore. These Bmim+ in the pore region can not only act as a steric blockage but also form π-π stackings with nucleobases, which provide a further restriction on the ssDNA motion. Therefore, our molecular dynamics simulation investigations deepen the understanding of the critical role of ionic liquid in DNA translocation through a nanopore from a molecular landscape, which may benefit practical implementations of ionic liquids in nanopore sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Gu
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi He
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang University, 201203 Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, Colombia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
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Bokhary KA, Maqsood F, Amina M, Aldarwesh A, Mofty HK, Al-yousef HM. Grapefruit Extract-Mediated Fabrication of Photosensitive Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111885. [PMID: 35683744 PMCID: PMC9182307 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) were synthesized using a simple, eco-friendly green synthesis approach in an alkaline medium from the extract of grapefruit peel waste. The pre-synthesized, nano-crystalline Al2O3 NPs were characterized by using spectroscopic (UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, and EDX) and microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. The formed Al2O3 NPs exhibited a pronounced absorption peak at 278 nm in the UV-vis spectrum. The average particle size of the as-prepared Al2O3 NPs was evaluated to be 57.34 nm, and the atomic percentages of O and Al were found to be 54.58 and 45.54, respectively. The fabricated Al2O3 NPs were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The Al2O3 NPs showed strong antioxidant potential towards all the four tested assays. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of Al2O3 NPs was investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion (O2•-), as well as proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α, IL-6) and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κB). The results revealed that Al2O3 NPs inhibited the production of O2•- (99.4%) at 100 μg mL-1 concentrations and intracellular NO•- (55%), proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (83.3%), and TNF-α (87.9%) at 50 μg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Additionally, the Al2O3 NPs inhibited 41.8% of nuclear factor kappa B at 20 μg mL-1 concentrations. Overall, the outcomes of current research studies indicated that Al2O3 NPs possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and could be used to treat chronic and acute anti-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud A. Bokhary
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Farah Maqsood
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Amal Aldarwesh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Hanan K. Mofty
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (F.M.); (A.A.); (H.K.M.)
| | - Hanan M. Al-yousef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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15
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Wei G, Hu R, Li Q, Lu W, Liang H, Nan H, Lu J, Li J, Zhao Q. Oligonucleotide Discrimination Enabled by Tannic Acid-Coordinated Film-Coated Solid-State Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6443-6453. [PMID: 35544765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination of nucleotides serves as the basis for DNA sequencing using solid-state nanopores. However, the translocation of DNA is usually too fast to be detected, not to mention nucleotide discrimination. Here, we utilized polyphenolic TA and Fe3+, an attractive metal-organic thin film, and achieved a fast and robust surface coating for silicon nitride nanopores. The hydrophilic coating layer can greatly reduce the low-frequency noise of an original unstable nanopore, and the nanopore size can be finely tuned in situ at the nanoscale by simply adjusting the relative ratio of Fe3+ and TA monomers. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding interaction formed between the hydroxyl groups provided by TA and the phosphate groups of DNAs significantly increases the residence time of a short double-strand (100 bp) DNA. More importantly, we take advantage of the different strengths of hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups provided by TA and the analytes to discriminate between two oligonucleotide samples (oligodeoxycytidine and oligodeoxyadenosine) with similar sizes and lengths, of which the current signal patterns are significantly different using the coated nanopore. The results shed light on expanding the biochemical functionality of surface coatings on solid-state nanopores for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Wei
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Hu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanyu Liang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hexin Nan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010 Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010 Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
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Si W, Yuan R, Wu G, Kan Y, Sha J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y. Navigated Delivery of Peptide to the Nanopore Using In-Plane Heterostructures of MoS 2 and SnS 2 for Protein Sequencing. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3863-3872. [PMID: 35467868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impressive success of DNA sequencing using nanopores makes it possible to realize nanopore based protein sequencing. Well-controlled capture and linear movement of the protein are essential for accurate nanopore protein sequencing. Here, by taking advantage of different binding affinities of protein to two isomorphic materials, we theoretically designed a heterostructual platform for delivering the unfolded peptide to the nanopore sensing region. Due to the stronger binding between the peptide and SnS2 compared to MoS2, the peptide would adsorb to the SnS2 nanostripe and keep its threadlike conformation in the MoS2/SnS2/MoS2 heterostructure. Through switching the direction of the applied electric field in real time, the peptide was strategically driven to move along the designed path to the target nanopore. The ionic current blockades were also found to be different as the compositions of the peptide were changed, indicating the possibility for differentiating different peptides using this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Runyi Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Gensheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yajing Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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17
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Sun LZ, Qian JL, Cai P, Hu HX, Xu X, Luo MB. Mg2+ effects on the single-stranded DNA conformations and nanopore translocation dynamics. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Kruchinin NY, Kucherenko MG. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Conformational Structure of Uniform Polypeptides on the Surface of a Polarized Metal Prolate Nanospheroid with Varying pH. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Li JG, Li MY, Li XY, Wu XY, Ying YL, Long YT. Full Width at Half Maximum of Nanopore Current Blockage Controlled by a Single-Biomolecule Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1188-1193. [PMID: 35019652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A biological nanopore is one of the predominant single-molecule approaches as a result of its controllable single-biomolecule interface, which could reflect the "intrinsic" information on an individual molecule in a label-free way. Because the current blockage is normally treated as the most important parameter for nanopore identification of every single molecule, the fluctuation of current blockage for certain types of molecules, defined as full width at half maximum (fwhm) of current blockage, actually owns a dominant influence on nanopore resolution. Therefore, controlling the fwhm of current blockage of molecules is critical for the sensing capability of the nanopore. Here, taking an aerolysin nanopore as a model, by precisely controlling the functional group in this single-biomolecule interface, we could narrow the fwhm of nanopore current blockage for DNA identification and prolong the duration inside the nanopore. Moreover, a substantial correlation between fwhm of current blockage and duration is established, showing a non-monotonic variation. Besides, the mechanism is also clarified with studying the detailed current blockage events. This proposed correlation is further demonstrated to be applied uniformly across different mutant aerolysins for a certain DNA. This study proposes a new strategy for regulating molecular sensing from the duration of the analyte, which could guide the resolution of heterogeneity analysis using nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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20
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Si W, Yang H, Wu G, Zhang Y, Sha J. Velocity control of protein translocation through a nanopore by tuning the fraction of benzenoid residues. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15352-15361. [PMID: 34498657 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein sequencing is essential to unveil the mechanism of cellular processes that govern the function of living organisms, and which play a crucial role in the field of drug design and molecular diagnostics. Nanopores have been proved to be effective tools in single molecule sensing, but the fast translocation speed of a peptide through a nanopore is one of the major obstacles that hinders the development of nanopore-based protein sequencing. In this work, by using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) it is found that the peptide containing more hydrophobic residues permeates slower through a molybdenum disulfide nanopore, which originates from the strong interaction between the membrane surface and the hydrophobic residues. The binding affinity is remarkable especially for benzenoid residues as they contain a hydrophobic aromatic ring that is composed of relatively non-polar C-C and C-H bonds. By tuning the fraction of benzenoid residues of the peptide, the velocity of the protein translocation through the nanopore is well controlled. The peptide with all the hydrophobic residues being benzenoid residues is found to translocate through the nanopore almost ten times slower than the one without any benzenoid residues, which is beneficial for gathering adequate information for precise amino acid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Haojie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Gensheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
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21
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Xu K, Liu B. Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:756-765. [PMID: 34367859 PMCID: PMC8313975 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As a research field of robotics, micro/nanorobots have been extensively studied in recent years because of their important application prospects in biomedical fields, such as medical diagnosis, nanoscale surgery, and targeted therapy. In this article, recent progress on micro/nanorobots is reviewed regarding actuation technologies. First, the different actuation mechanisms are divided into two types, external field actuation and self-actuation. Then, a few latest achievements on actuation methods are presented. On this basis, the principles of various actuation methods and their limitations are also analyzed. Finally, some key challenges in the development of micro/nanorobots are summarized and the next development direction of the field is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- School of Information & Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Information & Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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