1
|
Yimam DT, Liang M, Ye J, Kooi BJ. 3D Nanostructuring of Phase-Change Materials Using Focused Ion Beam toward Versatile Optoelectronics Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2303502. [PMID: 37657490 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, phase-change materials have gained importance in nanophotonics and optoelectronics. Sizable optical contrast and added degree of freedom from phase switching drive the use of phase-change materials in various optical devices with outstanding results and potential for real-world applications. The local crystallization/amorphization of phase-change materials and the corresponding reflectance tuning by the crystallized/amorphized region size have potential applications, for example, for future dynamic display devices. Although the resolution is much higher than in current display devices, the pixel sizes in those devices are limited by the locally switchable structure size. Here, the spot sizes are further reduced by using ion beams instead of laser beams, dramatically increasing pixel density, demonstrating superior resolution. In addition, the power to sputter away materials can be utilized in creating nanostructures with relative height differences and local contrast. The experiment focuses on one archetypal phase-change material, Sb2 Se3 , prepared by pulsed-laser deposition on a reflective gold substrate. This study demonstrates that structural colors can be produced and reflectance tuning can be achieved by focused ion beam milling/sputtering of phase-change materials at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the local structuring of phase-change materials by focused ion beam can produce high-pixel-density display devices with superior resolutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Yimam
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Minpeng Liang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jianting Ye
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei X, Nong J, Zhang Y, Ma H, Huang R, Yuan Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Yang J. Sb 2S 3-Based Dynamically Tuned Color Filter Array via Genetic Algorithm. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091452. [PMID: 37176996 PMCID: PMC10180207 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Color displays have become increasingly attractive, with dielectric optical nanoantennas demonstrating especially promising applications due to the high refractive index of the material, enabling devices to support geometry-dependent Mie resonance in the visible band. Although many structural color designs based on dielectric nanoantennas employ the method of artificial positive adjustment, the design cycle is too lengthy and the approach is non-intelligent. The commonly used phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is characterized by high absorption and a small contrast to the real part of the refractive index in the visible light band, thereby restricting its application in this range. The Sb2S3 phase change material is endowed with a wide band gap of 1.7 to 2 eV, demonstrating two orders of magnitude lower propagation loss compared to GST, when integrated onto a silicon waveguide, and exhibiting a maximum refractive index contrast close to 1 at 614 nm. Thus, Sb2S3 is a more suitable phase change material than GST for tuning visible light. In this paper, genetic algorithms and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions are combined and introduced as Sb2S3 phase change material to design nanoantennas. Structural color is generated in the reflection mode through the Mie resonance inside the structure, and the properties of Sb2S3 in different phase states are utilized to achieve tunability. Compared to traditional methods, genetic algorithms are superior-optimization algorithms that require low computational effort and a high population performance. Furthermore, Sb2S3 material can be laser-induced to switch the transitions of the crystallized and amorphous states, achieving reversible color. The large chromatic aberration ∆E modulation of 64.8, 28.1, and 44.1 was, respectively, achieved by the Sb2S3 phase transition in this paper. Moreover, based on the sensitivity of the structure to the incident angle, it can also be used in fields such as angle-sensitive detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Center of Material Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jie Nong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hansi Ma
- Center of Material Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Rixing Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenkun Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenfu Zhang
- Center of Material Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Junbo Yang
- Center of Material Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cencillo-Abad P, Franklin D, Mastranzo-Ortega P, Sanchez-Mondragon J, Chanda D. Ultralight plasmonic structural color paint. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7207. [PMID: 36888718 PMCID: PMC9995036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All present commercial colors are based on pigments. While such traditional pigment-based colorants offer a commercial platform for large-volume and angle insensitiveness, they are limited by their instability in atmosphere, color fading, and severe environmental toxicity. Commercial exploitation of artificial structural coloration has fallen short due to the lack of design ideas and impractical nanofabrication techniques. Here, we present a self-assembled subwavelength plasmonic cavity that overcomes these challenges while offering a tailorable platform for rendering angle and polarization-independent vivid structural colors. Fabricated through large-scale techniques, we produce stand-alone paints ready to be used on any substrate. The platform offers full coloration with a single layer of pigment, surface density of 0.4 g/m2, making it the lightest paint in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cencillo-Abad
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Daniel Franklin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Physical Sciences Bldg. 430, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela Mastranzo-Ortega
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erron.1, Sta. María Tonanzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - Javier Sanchez-Mondragon
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erron.1, Sta. María Tonanzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - Debashis Chanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Physical Sciences Bldg. 430, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius St., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu J, Lin H, Moss DJ, Loh KP, Jia B. Graphene oxide for photonics, electronics and optoelectronics. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:162-183. [PMID: 37117900 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was initially developed to emulate graphene, but it was soon recognized as a functional material in its own right, addressing an application space that is not accessible to graphene and other carbon materials. Over the past decade, research on GO has made tremendous advances in material synthesis and property tailoring. These, in turn, have led to rapid progress in GO-based photonics, electronics and optoelectronics, paving the way for technological breakthroughs with exceptional performance. In this Review, we provide an overview of the optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of GO and reduced GO on the basis of their chemical structures and fabrication approaches, together with their applications in key technologies such as solar energy harvesting, energy storage, medical diagnosis, image display and optical communications. We also discuss the challenges of this field, together with exciting opportunities for future technological advances.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Chen W, Yang D, Fang Z, Liu W, Xiang T, Qiu X. Photonic Lignin with Tunable and Stimuli-Responsive Structural Color. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20705-20713. [PMID: 36480448 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing sustainability and health requirements, structural color materials fabricated with functional natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in advanced optical and biomedical fields. Lignin has many attractive features such as great biocompatibility, ultraviolet resistance, antioxidant property, and thermostability, making it a promising natural resource to be fabricated as functional structural color materials. However, to date, the utilization of lignin as the building block for structural color materials is still a challenge due to its disordered structure. Herein, we present a strategy to transform disordered lignin into ordered "photonic lignin", in which monodisperse lignin colloidal spheres are prepared via solvent/antisolvent self-assembly, and then the periodic structure is constructed by centrifugal effect. The photonic lignin exhibits structural colors that are tunable by modulating the diameter of lignin colloidal spheres. We further demonstrate the application of photonic lignin as a natural polymer-based coating that shows bright, angle-independent, and stimuli-responsive structural colors. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay indicates the excellent biocompatibility of photonic lignin with human skin, blood vessels, digestive systems, and other tissues, which demonstrates the great potential of photonic lignin in the applications such as implanted/wearable optical devices, advanced cosmetics, and smart food packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karawdeniya BI, Damry AM, Murugappan K, Manjunath S, Bandara YMNDY, Jackson CJ, Tricoli A, Neshev D. Surface Functionalization and Texturing of Optical Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14990-15030. [PMID: 35536016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces are planar metamaterials that can mediate highly precise light-matter interactions. Because of their unique optical properties, both plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces have found common use in sensing applications, enabling label-free, nondestructive, and miniaturized sensors with ultralow limits of detection. However, because bare metasurfaces inherently lack target specificity, their applications have driven the development of surface modification techniques that provide selectivity. Both chemical functionalization and physical texturing methodologies can modify and enhance metasurface properties by selectively capturing analytes at the surface and altering the transduction of light-matter interactions into optical signals. This review summarizes recent advances in material-specific surface functionalization and texturing as applied to representative optical metasurfaces. We also present an overview of the underlying chemistry driving functionalization and texturing processes, including detailed directions for their broad implementation. Overall, this review provides a concise and centralized guide for the modification of metasurfaces with a focus toward sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buddini I Karawdeniya
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Adam M Damry
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shridhar Manjunath
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han J, Lin KT, Lin H, Lau KT, Jia B. Tunable Thermochromic Graphene Metamaterials with Iridescent Color. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6026-6033. [PMID: 35639615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermochromic materials have been widely applied in energy-efficient buildings, aerospace, textiles, and sensors. Conventional thermochromic materials rely on material phase or structure changes upon thermal stimuli, which only enable a few colors, greatly limiting their applicability. Here, we propose and demonstrate the concept of dynamically tunable thermochromic graphene metamaterials (TGMs), which can achieve continuous color tunability (380-800 nm) with fast (<100 ms) response times. The TGMs are composed of an ultrathin graphene oxide (GO) film on a flexible metal substrate. We demonstrated that external thermal energy can dynamically adjust the water contents in the GO film to manipulate the color of TGMs. An impressive thermochromic sensitivity of 1.11 nm/°C covering a large percentage of the color space has been achieved. Prototype applications for a cup and smartphone have been demonstrated. The reversible TGMs promise great potential for practical applications of temperature sensing in optoelectronic devices, environmental monitoring, and dynamic color modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Han
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Han Lin
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kin-Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Lin KT, Wen X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Lau AKT, Ma T, Qiu CW, Jia B. Engineering van der Waals Materials for Advanced Metaphotonics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15204-15355. [PMID: 35749269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D materials, together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires deep subwavelength light-matter interaction to achieve optical functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability, evoking new science on light-matter interaction, leading to leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement, insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of 2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast emerging and prosperous field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yao Liang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Fu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Kin Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peng X, Chen J, Xu R, Feng J, Zhou T. Achieving Rewritable Fluorescent Patterning on Dye-Doped Polymers Using Programmable Laser Direct Writing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li N, Xiang F, Elizarov MS, Makarenko M, Lopez AB, Getman F, Bonifazi M, Mazzone V, Fratalocchi A. Large-Scale and Wide-Gamut Coloration at the Diffraction Limit in Flexible, Self-Assembled Hierarchical Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108013. [PMID: 34919763 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling physical phenomena that generate controllable structural coloration is at the center of significant research efforts due to the platform potential for the next generation of printing, sensing, displays, wearable optoelectronics components, and smart fabrics. Colors based on e-beam facilities possess high resolutions above 100k dots per inch (DPI), but limit manufacturing scales up to 4.37 cm2 , while requiring rigid substrates that are not flexible. State-of-art scalable techniques, on the contrary, provide either narrow gamuts or small resolutions. A common issue of current methods is also a heterogeneous resolution, which typically changes with the color printed. Here, a structural coloration platform with broad gamuts exceeding the red, green, and blue (RGB) spectrum in inexpensive, thermally resistant, flexible, and metallic-free structures at constant 101 600 DPI (at the diffraction limit), obtained via mass-production manufacturing is demonstrated. This platform exploits a previously unexplored physical mechanism, which leverages the interplay between strong scattering modes and optical resonances excited in fully 3D dielectric nanostructures with suitably engineered longitudinal profiles. The colors obtained with this technology are scalable to any area, demonstrated up to the single wafer (4 in.). These results open real-world applications of inexpensive, high-resolution, large-scale structural colors with broad chromatic spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Xiang
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maxim S Elizarov
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxim Makarenko
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arturo B Lopez
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fedor Getman
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcella Bonifazi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- University of Zurich, Physik-Institut, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Mazzone
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- University of Zurich, Physik-Institut, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|