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Yu C, Li X, Yang X, Qiu X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Luo Y. Dynamic Covalent Bonded Gradient Structured Actuators with Mechanical Robustness and Self-Healing Ability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311656. [PMID: 38308144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible actuators with excellent adaptability and interaction safety have a wide range of application prospects in many fields. However, current flexible actuators have problems such as fragility and poor actuating ability. Here, inspired by the features of nacre structure, a gradient structured flexible actuator is proposed with mechanical robustness and self-healing ability. By introducing dynamic boronic ester bonds at the interface between MXene nanosheets and epoxy natural rubber matrix, the resulting nanocomposites with ordered micro-nano structures exhibit excellent tensile strength (25.03 MPa) and satisfactory repair efficiency (81.2%). In addition, the gradient distribution structure of MXene nanosheets endows the actuator with stable photothermal conversion capability, which can quickly respond to near-infrared light stimulation. The interlayer dynamic covalent bond crosslinking enables good response speed after multiple bending and is capable of functional self-healing after damage. This work introduces gradient structure and dynamic covalent bonding into flexible actuators, which provides a reference for the fabrication of self-healing soft robots, wearable, and other healable functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansong Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou City, 542899, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin City, 541004, China
| | - Xinkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, 610065, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, 610065, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, 610065, China
| | - Zhenming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou City, 542899, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin City, 541004, China
| | - Yanglin Luo
- Guangxi Lisheng Stone Co., Ltd., Hezhou University, Hezhou City, 542899, China
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2
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Weng M, Zhou J, Zhou P, Shang R, You M, Shen G, Chen H. Multi-Functional Actuators Made with Biomass-Based Graphene-Polymer Films for Intelligent Gesture Recognition and Multi-Mode Self-Powered Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309846. [PMID: 38531061 PMCID: PMC11165533 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Multi-functional actuation systems involve the mechanical integration of multiple actuation and sensor devices with external energy sources. The intricate combination makes it difficult to meet the requirements of lightweight. Hence, polypyrrole@graphene-bacterial cellulose (PPy@G-BC) films are proposed to construct multi-responsive and bilayer actuators integrated with multi-mode self-powered sensing function. The PPy@G-BC film not only exhibits good photo-thermoelectric (PTE) properties but also possesses good hydrophilicity and high Young's modulus. Thus, the PPy@G-BC films are used as active layers in multi-responsive bilayer actuators integrated with self-powered sensing functions. Here, two types of multi-functional actuators integrated with self-powered sensing functions is designed. One is a light-driven actuator that realizes the self-powered temperature sensing function through the PTE effect. Assisted by a machine learning algorithm, the self-powered bionic hand can realize intelligent gesture recognition with an accuracy rate of 96.8%. The other is humidity-driven actuators integrated a zinc-air battery, which can realize self-powered humidity sensing. Based on the above advantages, these two multi-functional actuators are ingeniously integrated into a single device, which can simultaneously perform self-powered temperature/humidity sensing while grasping objects. The highly integrated design enables the efficient utilization of environmental energy sources and complementary synergistic monitoring of multiple physical properties without increasing system complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcen Weng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and ApplicationKey Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in FujianFujian University of TechnologyFuzhouFujian350118China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and ApplicationKey Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in FujianFujian University of TechnologyFuzhouFujian350118China
| | - Peidi Zhou
- Institute of Smart Marine and EngineeringFujian University of TechnologyFuzhouFujian350118China
| | - Ruzhi Shang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing MaterialsCollege of Materials and Chemical EngineeringMinjiang UniversityFuzhou350108China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Minghua You
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and ApplicationKey Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in FujianFujian University of TechnologyFuzhouFujian350118China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Huamin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing MaterialsCollege of Materials and Chemical EngineeringMinjiang UniversityFuzhou350108China
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Tang Y, Zhao R, Yi M, Ge Z, Wang D, Jiang Y, Wang G, Deng X. FeS 2-modified MXene nanocomposite platform for efficient PTT/CDT/TDT integration through enhanced GSH consumption. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5194-5206. [PMID: 38690797 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironment and glutathione (GSH) accumulation in tumours limit the efficacy of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) anti-tumour therapy. To address this challenge, we increased the consumption of GSH and the production of ROS through a novel nanoplatform with the action of inorganic nanoenzymes. In this study, we prepared mesoporous FeS2 using a simple template method, efficiently loaded AIPH, and assembled Ti3C2/FeS2-AIPH@BSA (TFAB) nanocomposites through self-assembly with BSA and 2D Ti3C2. The constructed TFAB nanotherapeutic platform enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by generating toxic hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) via FeS2, while consuming GSH to reduce the loss of generated ˙OH via glutathione oxidase-like (GSH-OXD). In addition, TFAB is able to stimulate the decomposition of AIPH under 808 nm laser irradiation to produce oxygen-independent biotoxic alkyl radicals (˙R) for thermodynamic therapy (TDT). In conclusion, TFAB represents an innovative nanoplatform that effectively addresses the limitations of free radical-based treatment strategies. Through the synergistic therapeutic strategy of photothermal therapy (PTT), CDT, and TDT within the tumor microenvironment, TFAB nanoplatforms achieve controlled AIPH release, ROS generation, intracellular GSH consumption, and precise temperature elevation, resulting in enhanced intracellular oxidative stress, significant apoptotic cell death, and notable tumor growth inhibition. This comprehensive treatment strategy shows great promise in the field of tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Tang
- Head & Neck Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renliang Zhao
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Min Yi
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zilu Ge
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Head & Neck Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiangtian Deng
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Lan L, Wang Y, Zhang X. Bioinspired H-Bonding Connected Gradient Nanostructure Actuators Based on Cellulose Nanofibrils and Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401580. [PMID: 38708893 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The construction of flexible actuators with ultra-fast actuation and robust mechanical properties is crucial for soft robotics and smart devices, but still remains a challenge. Inspired by the unique mechanism of pinecones dispersing seeds in nature, a hygroscopic actuator with interlayer network-bonding connected gradient structure is fabricated. Unlike most conventional bilayer actuator designs, the strategy leverages biobased polyphenols to construct strong interfacial H-bonding networks between 1D cellulose nanofibers and 2D graphene oxide, endowing the materials with high tensile strength (172 MPa) and excellent toughness (6.64 MJ m-3). Furthermore, the significant difference in hydrophilicity between GO and rGO, along with the dense interlayer H-bonding, enables ultra-fast water exchange during water absorption and desorption processes. The resulted actuator exhibits ultra-fast driving speed (154° s-1), excellent pressure-resistant and cyclic stability. Taking advantages of these benefits, the actuator can be fabricated into smart devices (such as smart grippers, humidity control switches) with significant potential for practical applications. The presented approach to constructing interlayer H-bonding in gradient structures is instructive for achieving high performance and functionalization of biomass nanomaterials and the complex of 1D/2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lidan Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Cheng G, Sui C, Hao W, Li J, Zhao Y, Miao L, Zhao G, Li J, Sang Y, Zhao C, Wen L, He X, Wang C. Ultra-Strong Janus Covalent Organic Framework Membrane with Smart Response to Organic Vapor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401635. [PMID: 38607950 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Vapor-driven smart Janus materials have made significant advancements in intelligent monitoring, control, and interaction, etc. Nevertheless, the development of ultrafast response single-layer Janus membrane, along with a deep exploration of the smart response mechanisms, remains a long-term endeavor. Here, the successful synthesis of a high-crystallinity single-layer Covalent organic framework (COF) Janus membrane is reported by morphology control. This kind of membrane displays superior mechanical properties and specific surface area, along with excellent responsiveness to CH2Cl2 vapor. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms reveals that the vapor-induced breathing effect of the COF and the stress mismatch of the Janus structure play a crucial role in its smart deformation performance. It is believed that this COF Janus membrane holds promise for complex tasks in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Chao Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Weizhe Hao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yushun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Linlin Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Guoxin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yuna Sang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
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Zhu H, Luo Z, Zhang L, Shen Q, Yang R, Cheng W, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Guo C, Fu B, Song C, Tao P, An S, Shang W, Deng T. Manipulation of Convection Using Infrared Light Emitted from Human Hands. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307020. [PMID: 38239054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Control of convection plays an important role in heat transfer regulation, bio/chemical sensing, phase separation, etc. Current convection controlling systems generally depend on engineered energy sources to drive and manipulate the convection, which brings additional energy consumption into the system. Here the use of human hand as a natural and sustainable infrared (IR) radiation source for the manipulation of liquid convection is demonstrated. The fluid can sense the change of the relative position or the shape of the hand with the formation of different convection patterns. Besides the generation of static complex patterns, dynamic manipulation of convections can also be realized via moving of hand or finger. The use of such sustainable convections to control the movement of a floating "boat" is further achieved. The use of human hands as the natural energy sources provides a promising approach for the manipulation of liquid convection without the need of extra external energy, which may be further utilized for low-cost and intelligent bio/chemical sensing and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Qingchen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Runheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weizheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Modi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shun An
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Dang W, Guo W, Cheng R, Zhang Q. Revealing Surface/Interface Chemistry of the Ordered Aramid Nanofiber/MXene Structure for Infrared Thermal Camouflage and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11094-11103. [PMID: 38377685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the advances of infrared (IR) thermal camouflage materials, but challenges remain in breaking the trade-off nature between emissivity and mechanical properties. In response, we identify the key role of a moderate reprotonation rate in the aramid nanofiber (ANF)/MXene film toward a surface-to-bulk alignment. Theoretical simulation demonstrates that the ordered ANF/MXene surface eliminates the local high electric field by field confinement and localization, responsible for the low IR emissivity. By scrutinizing the surface/interface chemistry, the processing optimization is achieved to develop an ordered and densely stacked ANF/MXene film, which features a low emissivity of 16%, accounting for sound IR thermal camouflage performances including a wide camouflage temperature range of 50-200 °C, a large reduction in radiation temperature from 200.5 to 63.6 °C, and long-term stability. This design also enables good mechanical performance such as a tensile strength of 190.8 MPa, a toughness of 12.1 MJ m-3, and a modulus of 7.9 GPa, responsible for better thermal camouflage applications. The tailor-made ANF/MXene film further attains an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (40.4 dB) in the X-band, manifesting its promise for IR stealth compatible EMI shielding applications. This work will shed light on the dynamic topology reconstruction of camouflage materials for boosting thermal management technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbin Dang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ruidong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
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Yang K, Lin J, Fu C, Guo J, Zhou J, Jiao F, Guo Q, Zhou P, Weng M. Multifunctional actuators integrated with the function of self-powered temperature sensing made with Ti 3C 2T x-bamboo nanofiber composites. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18842-18857. [PMID: 37966128 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multifunctional actuators have received increasing attention and development. In particular, researchers have conducted extensive research on intelligent actuators with integrated sensing functions. Temperature is an important parameter for the deformation of bilayer thermal actuators. By obtaining the temperature information of a bilayer thermal actuator, the deformation amplitude and its state can be judged. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a type of intelligent actuator with a self-powered temperature sensing function. Herein, Ti3C2Tx-based composites modified with bamboo nanofibers have been proposed and applied to intelligent actuators integrated with a self-powered temperature sensing function. By utilizing the coefficients of thermal expansion between Ti3C2Tx-bamboo nanofiber composites and a polyimide film, a bilayer photo/electro-driven thermal actuator is designed which shows a bending curvature as large as 1.9 cm-1. In addition, Ti3C2Tx-bamboo nanofiber composites have a Seebeck coefficient of -9.15 μV K-1, and are N-type thermoelectric materials and can be used as the component of self-powered temperature sensors. Finally, a series of practical applications were designed, including a light-driven floating actuator (with a moving speed of 5 mm s-1), biomimetic sunflowers, bionic tentacles, and a multifunctional gripper integrated with a self-powered temperature sensing function. In particular, the multifunctional grippers can output voltage signals carrying their temperature information without external complex power sources, demonstrating their potential for remote monitoring. The above results demonstrate that Ti3C2Tx-bamboo nanofiber composites have extensive practical applications in fields such as self-powered sensors, flexible thermoelectric generators, and soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihuai Yang
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Junjie Lin
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Congchun Fu
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Fengliang Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Qiaohang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
| | - Peidi Zhou
- Institute of Smart Marine and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350118, China.
| | - Mingcen Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China.
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Li X, Wu Z, Li B, Xing Y, Huang P, Liu L. Selaginella lepidophylla-Inspired Multi-Stimulus Cooperative Control MXene-Based Flexible Actuator. Soft Robot 2023; 10:861-872. [PMID: 37335927 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictable bending deformation, high cycle stability, and multimode complex motion have always been the goals pursued in the field of flexible robots. In this study, inspired by the delicate structure and humidity response characteristics of Selaginella lepidophylla, a new multilevel assisted assembly strategy was developed to construct MXene-CoFe2O4 (MXCFO) flexible actuators with different concentration gradients, to achieve predictable bending deformation and multi-stimulus cooperative control of the actuators, revealing the intrinsic link between the gradient change and the bending deformation ability of the actuator. The thickness of the actuator shows uniformity compared with the common layer-by-layer assembly strategy. And, the bionic gradient structured actuator shows high cycle stability, and it maintains excellent interlayer bonding after bending 100 times. The flexible robots designed based on the predictable bending deformation and the multi-stimulus cooperative response characteristics of the actuator initially realize conceptual models of humidity monitoring, climbing, grasping, cargo transportation, and drug delivery. The designed bionic gradient structure and unbound multi-stimulus cooperative control strategy may show great potential in the design and development of robots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
MXenes with their unique electronic, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties have shown great promise in soft robotics. MXene-based soft actuators have been designed to display ultrafast actuations and recovery speeds as well as angle-independent structural colors in response to vapor. Several studies have developed soft actuators by combining MXenes with other materials to mimic the movement of natural organisms. Thus, MXene-based soft actuators have the potential to revolutionize the field of soft robotics and flexible electronics (e.g., wearable devices and artificial muscles). MXene-based artificial muscles have been explored for use in kinetic soft robotics as actuators in microsystems requiring exceptional compliance. MXene-based sensors and actuators have already been developed for human-like sensors and photodetection. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in such applications, such as the design of stretchable and compliant robotic skins with a high-level functional integration for soft robotics. The integration of various devices, such as power sources, sensors, and actuators, into soft robotics is another crucial challenge. Despite the excellent stretchability and tensile strength of MXene-based composites, there is a vital need to develop their mechanical and electrochemical features and grant them multi-functionalities. Herein, recent developments pertaining to the applications of MXenes and their composites in soft robotics are discussed with a focus on the important challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran.
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11
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Wang D, Chen Z, Li M, Hou Z, Zhan C, Zheng Q, Wang D, Wang X, Cheng M, Hu W, Dong B, Shi F, Sitti M. Bioinspired rotary flight of light-driven composite films. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5070. [PMID: 37604907 PMCID: PMC10442326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-driven actuators have great potential in different types of applications. However, it is still challenging to apply them in flying devices owing to their slow response, small deflection and force output and low frequency response. Herein, inspired by the structure of vine maple seeds, we report a helicopter-like rotary flying photoactuator (in response to 0.6 W/cm2 near-infrared (NIR) light) with ultrafast rotation (~7200 revolutions per minute) and rapid response (~650 ms). This photoactuator is operated based on a fundamentally different mechanism that depends on the synergistic interactions between the photothermal graphene and the hygroscopic agar/silk fibroin components, the subsequent aerodynamically favorable airscrew formation, the jet propulsion, and the aerodynamics-based flying. The soft helicopter-like photoactuator exhibits controlled flight and steering behaviors, making it promising for applications in soft robotics and other miniature devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaomin Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mingtong Li
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zhen Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Changsong Zhan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Dalei Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengjiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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An S, Shi B, Jiang M, Fu B, Song C, Tao P, Shang W, Deng T. Biological and Bioinspired Thermal Energy Regulation and Utilization. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37162476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulation and utilization of thermal energy is increasingly important in modern society due to the growing demand for heating and cooling in applications ranging from buildings, to cooling high power electronics, and from personal thermal management to the pursuit of renewable thermal energy technologies. Over billions of years of natural selection, biological organisms have evolved unique mechanisms and delicate structures for efficient and intelligent regulation and utilization of thermal energy. These structures also provide inspiration for developing advanced thermal engineering materials and systems with extraordinary performance. In this review, we summarize research progress in biological and bioinspired thermal energy materials and technologies, including thermal regulation through insulation, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling and camouflage, and conversion and utilization of thermal energy from solar thermal radiation and biological bodies for vapor/electricity generation, temperature/infrared sensing, and communication. Emphasis is placed on introducing bioinspired principles, identifying key bioinspired structures, revealing structure-property-function relationships, and discussing promising and implementable bioinspired strategies. We also present perspectives on current challenges and outlook for future research directions. We anticipate that this review will stimulate further in-depth research in biological and bioinspired thermal energy materials and technologies, and help accelerate the growth of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun An
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Modi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Ji T, Gong W, Zhou J, Jing Y, Xing R, Zhu B, Li K, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Scalable multi-dimensional topological deformation actuators for active object identification. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1726-1736. [PMID: 36891764 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01567f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rarely are bionic robots capable of rapid multi-dimensional deformation and object identification in the same way as animals and plants. This study proposes a topological deformation actuator for bionic robots based on pre-expanded polyethylene and large flake MXene, inspired by the octopus predation behavior. This unusual, large-area topological deformation actuator (easily reaching 800 cm2 but is not constrained to this size) prepared by large-scale blow molding and continuous scrape coating exhibits different distribution states of molecular chains at low and high temperatures, causing the actuator's deformation direction to change axially. With its multi-dimensional topological deformation and self-powered active object identification capabilities, the actuator can capture objects like an octopus. The contact electrification effect assists the actuator to identify the type and size of the target object during this multi-dimensional topological deformation that is controllable and designable. This work demonstrates the direct conversion of light energy into contact electrical signals, introducing a new route for the practicality and scaling of bionic robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Gong
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yangmin Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Ruizhe Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
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14
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Hui X, Luo J, Wang R, Sun H. Multiresponsive Microactuator for Ultrafast Submillimeter Robots. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6589-6600. [PMID: 36976705 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Untethered submillimeter microrobots have significant application prospects in environment monitoring, reconnaissance, and biomedicine. However, they are practically limited to their slow movement. Here, an electrical/optical-actuated microactuator is reported and developed into several untethered ultrafast submillimeter robots. Composed of multilayer nanofilms with exquisitely designed patterns and high surface-to-volume ratios, the microrobot exhibits flexible, precise, and rapid response under voltages and lasers, resulting in controllable and ultrafast inchworm-type movement. The proposed design and microfabrication approach allows various improved and distinctive 3D microrobots simultaneously. The motion speed is highly related to the laser frequency and reaches 2.96 mm/s (3.66 body length/s) on the polished wafer surface. Excellent movement adaptability of the robot is also verified on other rough substrates. Moreover, directional locomotion can be realized simply by the bias of the irradiation of the laser spot, and the maximum angular speed reaches 167.3°/s. Benefiting from the bimorph film structure and symmetrical configuration, the microrobot is able to maintain functionalized after being crashed by a payload 67 000 times heavier than its weight, or at the unexpectedly reversed state. These results provide a strategy for 3D microactuators with precise and rapid response, and microrobots with fast movement for delicate tasks in narrow and restrictive scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Hui
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Beijing Advanced Medical Technologies, Ltd. Inc., Beijing 102609, China
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15
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Zhou X, Cao W. Flexible and Stretchable Carbon-Based Sensors and Actuators for Soft Robots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 36678069 PMCID: PMC9864711 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, together with the advances in materials science, have greatly enriched the variety of flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Compared with conventional rigid devices, these soft robotic sensors and actuators exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of their biocompatibility, portability, power efficiency, and wearability, thus creating myriad possibilities of novel wearable and implantable tactile sensors, as well as micro-/nano-soft actuation systems. Interestingly, not only are carbon-based materials ideal constituents for photodetectors, gas, thermal, triboelectric sensors due to their geometry and extraordinary sensitivity to various external stimuli, but they also provide significantly more precise manipulation of the actuators than conventional centimeter-scale pneumatic and hydraulic robotic actuators, at a molecular level. In this review, we summarize recent progress on state-of-the-art flexible and stretchable carbon-based sensors and actuators that have creatively added to the development of biomedicine, nanoscience, materials science, as well as soft robotics. In the end, we propose the future potential of carbon-based materials for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China
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16
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Wang J, Wang L, Su X, Gao D, Yu H. CdTe quantum dot-based self-supporting films with enhanced stability for flexible light-emitting devices. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7324-7332. [PMID: 36111894 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) stability of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) is of great significance in light-emitting devices. In this work, the PL stability of CdTe CQDs under time storage, strong light irradiation, acid and alkali corrosion and low temperature freezing is analyzed, and the PL quenching mechanism in a harsh environment is analyzed. Furthermore, the PL stability is extremely improved by core-shell coating, film deposition and polymer encapsulation. This solves the problem of rapid dropping of the PL intensity at the initial illumination stage and improves the corrosion resistance in an acidic environment and long-term storage stability of film devices. CQD polymer films have an interesting phenomenon of fluorescence enhancement under illumination due to the light-soaking effect. Biocompatible coating and encapsulation materials expand the application of CQD devices in the field of biological tissue imaging and sensing. Through the PL regulation of CQD solutions and the simple superposition of self-supporting films, a panchromatic light-emitting device with broadband adjustable chromaticity is realized. The solid-state stable whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser is realized by monodisperse SiO2 microspheres embedded in the film. This work is of great significance for the application of CQDs in flexible light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Xueqiong Su
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Dongwen Gao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Huimin Yu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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17
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Wang X, Lin D, Zhou Y, Jiao N, Tung S, Liu L. Multistimuli-Responsive Hydroplaning Superhydrophobic Microrobots with Programmable Motion and Multifunctional Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14895-14906. [PMID: 36067035 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic microrobots that can swim efficiently and rapidly on water under the action of external stimuli have attracted significant research attention for various applications. However, most studies on superhydrophobic microrobots have focused on single-stimulus driving modes, which limit the motion and functional applications of microrobots in complex aquatic environments. Therefore, multistimuli-responsive superhydrophobic microrobots that are capable of drifting rapidly on water through light, magnetic, and chemical control were developed in this study. The stability and environmental adaptability of the microrobots were systematically investigated. The microrobots achieved programmable trajectory motion on water, particularly complex motions such as circular, spiral, and helical movements under the coupled influence of chemical and magnetic fields. Importantly, the motion and control of multimicrorobots can be realized by combining control methods. Under the action of light and magnetic field, multimicrorobots could realize cooperative movement and completed the transportation of cargo. Additionally, broad multifunctional applications of the microrobots were explored in terms of oil spill recovery and solution mix. This study provides a method for the preparation and development of superhydrophobic microrobots with multistimuli-responsive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daojing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Niandong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Steve Tung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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18
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Q, Shang L. Smart Film Actuators for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105116. [PMID: 35038215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from the extremely flexible motion abilities in natural organisms, soft actuators have emerged in the past few decades. Particularly, smart film actuators (SFAs) demonstrate unique superiority in easy fabrication, tailorable geometric configurations, and programmable 3D deformations. Thus, they are promising in many biomedical applications, such as soft robotics, tissue engineering, delivery system, and organ-on-a-chip. In this review, the latest achievements of SFAs applied in biomedical fields are summarized. The authors start by introducing the fabrication techniques of SFAs, then shift to the topology design of SFAs, followed by their material selections and distinct actuating mechanisms. After that, their biomedical applications are categorized in practical aspects. The challenges and prospects of this field are finally discussed. The authors believe that this review can boost the development of soft robotics, biomimetics, and human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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19
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Tang ZH, Zhu WB, Mao YQ, Zhu ZC, Li YQ, Huang P, Fu SY. Multiresponsive Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Actuators Enabled by Dual-Mechanism Synergism for Soft Robotics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21474-21485. [PMID: 35486453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive and high-performance flexible actuators with a simple configuration, high mechanical strength, and low-power consumption are highly desirable for soft robotics. Here, a novel mechanically robust and multiresponsive Ti3C2Tx MXene-based actuator with high actuation performance via dual-mechanism synergistic effect driven by the hygroexpansion of bacterial cellulose (BC) layer and the thermal expansion of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) layer is developed. The actuator is flexible and shows an ultrahigh tensile strength of 195 MPa. Unlike the conventional bimorph-structured actuators based on a single-mechanism, the actuator developed provides a favorable architecture for dual-mechanism synergism, resulting in exceptionally reversible actuation performance under electricity and near-infrared (NIR) light stimuli. Typically, the developed actuator can produce the largest bending angle (∼400°) at the lowest voltage (≤4 V) compared with that reported previously for single mechanism soft actuators. Furthermore, the actuator also can be driven by a NIR light at a 2 m distance, displaying an excellent long-distance photoresponsive property. Finally, various intriguing applications are demonstrated to show the great potential of the actuator for soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Tang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei-Bin Zhu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zi-Cai Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Pei Huang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shao-Yun Fu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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20
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Hu J, Yu M, Wang M, Choy KL, Yu H. Design, Regulation, and Applications of Soft Actuators Based on Liquid-Crystalline Polymers and Their Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12951-12963. [PMID: 35259869 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soft actuators designed from stimuli-responsive polymers often possess a certain amount of bionic functionality because of their versatile deformation. Liquid-crystalline polymers (LCPs) and their composites are among the most fascinating materials for soft actuators due to their great advantages of flexible structure design and easy regulation. In this Spotlight on Applications, we mainly focus on our group's latest research progress in soft actuators based on LCPs and their composites. Some representative research findings from other groups are also included for a better understanding of this research field. Above all, the essential principles for the responsive behavior and reconfigurable performance of the soft actuators are discussed, from the perspective of material morphology and structure design. Further on, we analyze recent work on how to precisely regulate the responsive modes and quantify the operating parameters of soft actuators. Finally, some application examples are given to demonstrate well-designed soft actuators with different functions under varied working environments, which is expected to provide inspiration for future research in developing more intelligent and multifunctional integrated soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, People's Republic of China
- Institute of New Structural Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College of London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Kwang-Leong Choy
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College of London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Institute of New Structural Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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21
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Noncontact human-machine interaction based on hand-responsive infrared structural color. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1446. [PMID: 35304477 PMCID: PMC8933461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncontact human-machine interaction provides a hygienic and intelligent approach for the communication between human and robots. Current noncontact human-machine interactions are generally limited by the interaction distance or conditions, such as in the dark. Here we explore the utilization of hand as an infrared light source for noncontact human-machine interaction. Metallic gratings are used as the human-machine interface to respond to infrared radiation from hand and the generated signals are visualized as different infrared structural colors. We demonstrate the applications of the infrared structural color-based human-machine interaction for user-interactive touchless display and real-time control of a robot vehicle. The interaction is flexible to the hand-interface distance ranging from a few centimeters to tens of centimeters and can be used in low lighting condition or in the dark. The findings in this work provide an alternative and complementary approach to traditional noncontact human-machine interactions, which may further broaden the potential applications of human-machine interaction. The IR radiation from human hand can selectively interact with grating patterns in the generation of distinct IR structural colors, which can be used for human-machine interaction with flexible interaction distance in low or no light conditions.
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22
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Wang M, Zhou L, Deng W, Hou Y, He W, Yu L, Sun H, Ren L, Hou X. Ultrafast Response and Programmable Locomotion of Liquid/Vapor/Light-Driven Soft Multifunctional Actuators. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2672-2681. [PMID: 35040625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
External-stimuli-driven soft actuators overcome several limitations inherent in traditional mechanical-driven technology considering the coming age of flexible robots, which might face harsh working conditions and rigorous multifunctional requirements. However, how to achieve multi-external-stimuli response, fast speed, and precise control of the position and angle of the actuator, especially working in a toxic liquid or vapor environment, still requires long-term efforts. Here, we report a multi-external-stimuli-driven sandwich actuator with aligned carbon nanotubes as the constructive subject, which can respond to various types of liquids (organic solvents), vapor, and solar light. The actuator has an ultrafast response speed (<10 ms) and can accurately adjust the bending angle range from 0° to 180°. Through manipulating the stimuli positions, actuators can be wound into varied turns when simulating a flexible robotic arm. Hence, liquid/vapor/light-driven actuators are able to support diverse programmable motions, such as periodic blooming, gesture variations, caterpillar crawling, toxic surface evading, and bionic phototaxis. We believe that this multifunctional actuator is promising in supporting a complex scenario to complete a variety of tasks in the fields of healthcare, bioengineering, chip technology, and mobile sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming Nan Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Institute for Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenyan Deng
- Research Institute for Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lejian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Lei Ren
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming Nan Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Research Institute for Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361102, China
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23
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Lui BF, Bardeen CJ. Using Small Molecule Absorbers to Create a Photothermal Wax Motor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105356. [PMID: 34854535 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic phase change materials are used in actuators like wax motors. The solid→liquid phase transition that drives expansion is commonly induced by resistive heating that requires an electrical connection. The use of light to generate a phase change provides a non-contact way to power wax motors. Here, it is demonstrated that small molecules can act as absorbers to enable a photoinduced solid→liquid melting transition in eicosane, a low molecular weight phase change material. Three different small molecule absorbers are utilized: (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO), azobenzene (AZOB), and guaiazulene (GAZ). The GAZ/eicosane mixture is characterized in detail because its absorption extends out to 750 nm, opening up the possibility of using near-infrared diodes as the photon source. The GAZ/eicosane composite is incorporated into a commercial wax motor assembly and 532 nm laser light is used to lift up to 400 g. The temporal response, work and force output, and efficiency are measured, and no loss of lifting capability or degradation is observed after ten cycles of irradiation. The incorporation of small aromatic molecules with low-energy absorption features into phase change materials can provide a general way to make light powered wax motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon F Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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24
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Ma Z, Xiong J, Li J, Zhao H, Ren L. Piezoelectric-Thermal Coupling Driven Biomimetic Stick-Slip Bidirectional Rotary Actuator for Nanomanipulation. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:453-460. [PMID: 34964352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Substantial improvement of rotation driving accuracy is urgently needed and facing challenges. Miniature bidirectional rotary actuators with high-precision and controllable fallback rate require novel driving principles. Here, on the basis of a proposed biomimetic stick-slip motion principle, a novel piezoelectric-thermal coupling bidirectional rotary actuator was developed. The integrated mantis grasping leglike biomimetic claws and heating rods could realize the clockwise macroscopic rotation and anticlockwise macroscopic fallback of a cylindrical rotator, generated by piezoelectric stick-slip and thermal expansion, respectively. The rotation fallback was effectively inhibited at relatively lower frequencies and higher voltages, as a slight fallback rate of 0.095 was confirmed in term of 0.5 Hz and 80 V. An extraordinary piezoelectric-driven macroscopic rotation resolution of 0.2 μrad and thermal-induced microscopic resolution of 0.00073°/°C were experimentally revealed with the aid of real-time observation of the clockwise slow sticking and anticlockwise instantaneous slipping processes by using three-dimensional optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ma
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Junming Xiong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai 264207, China
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