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Wu Y, Williams RM. The ATTO 565 Dye and Its Applications in Microscopy. Molecules 2024; 29:4243. [PMID: 39275091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
ATTO 565, a Rhodamine-type dye, has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable optical properties, such as a high fluorescence quantum yield, and the fact that it is a relatively stable structure and has low biotoxicity. ATTO 565 has found extensive applications in combination with microscopy technology. In this review, the chemical and optical properties of ATTO 565 are introduced, along with the principles behind them. The functionality of ATTO 565 in confocal microscopy, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, single-molecule tracking (SMT) techniques, two-photon excitation-stimulated emission depletion microscopy (TPE-STED) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is discussed. These studies demonstrate that ATTO 565 plays a crucial role in areas such as biological imaging and single-molecule localization, thus warranting further in-depth investigations. Finally, we present some prospects and concepts for the future applications of ATTO 565 in the fields of biocompatibility and metal ion detection. This review does not include theoretical calculations for the ATTO 565 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Wu
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René M Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Park J, Gao L. Advancements in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Instrumentation: Towards high speed and 3D. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2024; 30:101147. [PMID: 39086551 PMCID: PMC11290093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2024.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful imaging tool offering molecular specific insights into samples through the measurement of fluorescence decay time, with promising applications in diverse research fields. However, to acquire two-dimensional lifetime images, conventional FLIM relies on extensive scanning in both the spatial and temporal domain, resulting in much slower acquisition rates compared to intensity-based approaches. This problem is further magnified in three-dimensional imaging, as it necessitates additional scanning along the depth axis. Recent advancements have aimed to enhance the speed and three-dimensional imaging capabilities of FLIM. This review explores the progress made in addressing these challenges and discusses potential directions for future developments in FLIM instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
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Steves MA, He C, Xu K. Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Super-Resolution Mapping of Physicochemical Parameters in Living Cells. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:163-183. [PMID: 38360526 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-070623-034225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
By superlocalizing the positions of millions of single molecules over many camera frames, a class of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods known as single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has revolutionized how we understand subcellular structures over the past decade. In this review, we highlight emerging studies that transcend the outstanding structural (shape) information offered by SMLM to extract and map physicochemical parameters in living mammalian cells at single-molecule and super-resolution levels. By encoding/decoding high-dimensional information-such as emission and excitation spectra, motion, polarization, fluorescence lifetime, and beyond-for every molecule, and mass accumulating these measurements for millions of molecules, such multidimensional and multifunctional super-resolution approaches open new windows into intracellular architectures and dynamics, as well as their underlying biophysical rules, far beyond the diffraction limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Steves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
| | - Changdong He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
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4
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Bowman AJ, Huang C, Schnitzer MJ, Kasevich MA. Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of neuron spiking and subthreshold activity in vivo. Science 2023; 380:1270-1275. [PMID: 37347862 PMCID: PMC10361454 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes suggests fluorescence lifetime as a promising readout for electrical activity in biological systems. Existing approaches fail to achieve the speed and sensitivity required for voltage imaging in neuroscience applications. We demonstrated that wide-field electro-optic fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (EO-FLIM) allows lifetime imaging at kilohertz frame-acquisition rates, spatially resolving action potential propagation and subthreshold neural activity in live adult Drosophila. Lifetime resolutions of <5 picoseconds at 1 kilohertz were achieved for single-cell voltage recordings. Lifetime readout is limited by photon shot noise, and the method provides strong rejection of motion artifacts and technical noise sources. Recordings revealed local transmembrane depolarizations, two types of spikes with distinct fluorescence lifetimes, and phase locking of spikes to an external mechanical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Bowman
- Physics Department, Stanford University; 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Cheng Huang
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University; 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark J. Schnitzer
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University; 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark A. Kasevich
- Physics Department, Stanford University; 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Dunlap MK, Ryan DP, Goodwin PM, Sheehan CJ, Werner JH, Majumder S, Hollingsworth JA, Gelfand MP, Van Orden A. Nanoscale imaging of quantum dot dimers using time-resolved super-resolution microscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:275202. [PMID: 37011598 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc9c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved super-resolution microscopy was used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy to image individual colloidal CdSe/CdS semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and QD dimers. The photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes, intensities, and structural parameters were acquired with nanometer scale spatial resolution and sub-nanosecond time resolution. The combination of these two techniques was more powerful than either alone, enabling us to resolve the PL properties of individual QDs within QD dimers as they blinked on and off, measure interparticle distances, and identify QDs that may be participating in energy transfer. The localization precision of our optical imaging technique was ∼3 nm, low enough that the emission from individual QDs within the dimers could be spatially resolved. While the majority of QDs within dimers acted as independent emitters, at least one pair of QDs in our study exhibited lifetime and intensity behaviors consistent with resonance energy transfer from a shorter lifetime and lower intensity donor QD to a longer lifetime and higher intensity acceptor QD. For this case, we demonstrate how the combined super-resolution optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy data can be used to characterize the energy transfer rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Duncan P Ryan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Peter M Goodwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Chris J Sheehan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - James H Werner
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Somak Majumder
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Martin P Gelfand
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, United States of America
| | - Alan Van Orden
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
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Ananthamurthy KG, Bhalla US. Synthetic Data Resource and Benchmarks for Time Cell Analysis and Detection Algorithms. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0007-22.2023. [PMID: 36823166 PMCID: PMC10027052 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0007-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal CA1 cells take part in reliable, time-locked activity sequences in tasks that involve an association between temporally separated stimuli, in a manner that tiles the interval between the stimuli. Such cells have been termed time cells. Here, we adopt a first-principles approach to comparing diverse analysis and detection algorithms for identifying time cells. We generated synthetic activity datasets using calcium signals recorded in vivo from the mouse hippocampus using two-photon (2-P) imaging, as template response waveforms. We assigned known, ground truth values to perturbations applied to perfect activity signals, including noise, calcium event width, timing imprecision, hit trial ratio and background (untuned) activity. We tested a range of published and new algorithms and their variants on this dataset. We find that most algorithms correctly classify over 80% of cells, but have different balances between true and false positives, and different sensitivity to the five categories of perturbation. Reassuringly, most methods are reasonably robust to perturbations, including background activity, and show good concordance in classification of time cells. The same algorithms were also used to analyze and identify time cells in experimental physiology datasets recorded in vivo and most show good concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambadur G Ananthamurthy
- National Centre for Biological Sciences - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Upinder S Bhalla
- National Centre for Biological Sciences - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, India
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Atalar O, Yee S, Safavi-Naeini AH, Arbabian A. Y-Z cut lithium niobate longitudinal piezoelectric resonant photoelastic modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:47103-47114. [PMID: 36558647 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The capability to modulate the intensity of an optical beam has scientific and practical significance. In this work, we demonstrate Y-Z cut lithium niobate acousto-optic modulators with record-high modulation efficiency, requiring only 1.5 W/cm2 for 100% modulation at 7 MHz. These modulators use a simple fabrication process; coating the top and bottom surfaces of a thin lithium niobate wafer with transparent electrodes. The fundamental shear acoustic mode of the wafer is excited through the transparent electrodes by applying voltage with frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of this mode, confining an acoustic standing wave to the electrode region. Polarization of light propagating through this region is modulated at the applied frequency. Polarization modulation is converted to intensity modulation by placing the modulator between polarizers. To showcase an important application space for this modulator, we integrate it with a standard image sensor and demonstrate 4 megapixel time-of-flight imaging.
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Atalar O, Van Laer R, Safavi-Naeini AH, Arbabian A. Longitudinal piezoelectric resonant photoelastic modulator for efficient intensity modulation at megahertz frequencies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1526. [PMID: 35318321 PMCID: PMC8941116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensity modulators are an essential component in optics for controlling free-space beams. Many applications require the intensity of a free-space beam to be modulated at a single frequency, including wide-field lock-in detection for sensitive measurements, mode-locking in lasers, and phase-shift time-of-flight imaging (LiDAR). Here, we report a new type of single frequency intensity modulator that we refer to as a longitudinal piezoelectric resonant photoelastic modulator. The modulator consists of a thin lithium niobate wafer coated with transparent surface electrodes. One of the fundamental acoustic modes of the modulator is excited through the surface electrodes, confining an acoustic standing wave to the electrode region. The modulator is placed between optical polarizers; light propagating through the modulator and polarizers is intensity modulated with a wide acceptance angle and record breaking modulation efficiency in the megahertz frequency regime. As an illustration of the potential of our approach, we show that the proposed modulator can be integrated with a standard image sensor to effectively convert it into a time-of-flight imaging system. Optical intensity modulators are an important component in optics. Here, the authors demonstrate a type of resonant intensity modulator operating in the megahertz frequency regime with record high efficiency and use it for time-of-flight imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Atalar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Raphaël Van Laer
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir H Safavi-Naeini
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amin Arbabian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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