1
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Ma QDY, Wu L. Recent advances of small molecule detection in nanopore sensing. Talanta 2024; 277:126323. [PMID: 38810384 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Due to its advantages of label-free and highly sensitive, the resistive pulse sensing with a nanopore has recently become even more potent for the discrimination of analytes in single molecule level. Generally, a transient interruption of ion current originated from the captured molecule passing through a nanopore will provide the rich information on the structure, charge and translocation dynamics of the analytes. Therefore, nanopore sensors have been widely used in the fields of DNA sequencing, protein recognition, and the portable detection of varied macromolecules and particles. However, the conventional nanopore devices are still lack of sufficient selectivity and sensitivity to distinguish more metabolic molecules involving ATP, glucose, amino acids and small molecular drugs because it is hard to receive a large number of identifiable signals with the fabricated pores comparable in size to small molecules for nanopore sensing. For all this, a series of innovative strategies developed in the past decades have been summarized in this review, including host-guest recognition, engineering alteration of protein channel, the introduction of nucleic acid aptamers and various delivery carriers integrating signal amplification sections based on the biological and solid nanopore platforms, to achieve the high resolution for the small molecules sensing in micro-nano environment. These works have greatly enhanced the powerful sensing capabilities and extended the potential application of nanopore sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Qianli D Y Ma
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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2
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Zhou W, Guo Y, Guo W, Qiu H. High-Resolution and Low-Noise Single-Molecule Sensing with Bio-Inspired Solid-State Nanopores. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5556-5563. [PMID: 38752895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores have been extensively explored as single-molecule sensors, bearing the potential for the sequencing of DNA. Although they offer advantages in terms of high mechanical robustness, tunable geometry, and compatibility with existing semiconductor fabrication techniques in comparison with their biological counterparts, efforts to sequence DNA with these nanopores have been hampered by insufficient spatial resolution and high noise in the measured ionic current signal. Here we show that these limitations can be overcome by the use of solid-state nanopores featuring a thin, narrow constriction as the sensing region, inspired by biological protein nanopores that have achieved notable success in DNA sequencing. Our extensive molecular dynamics simulations show that these bio-inspired nanopores can provide high spatial resolution equivalent to 2D material nanopores and, meanwhile, significantly inhibit noise levels. A theoretical model is also provided to assess the performance of the bio-inspired nanopore, which could guide its design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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3
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Guo L, Han Y, Yang H, Fu J, Li W, Xie R, Zhang Y, Wang K, Xia XH. Single-Molecule Discrimination of Saccharides Using Carbon Nitride Nanopores. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5639-5646. [PMID: 38668743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Structural complexity brings a huge challenge to the analysis of sugar chains. As a single-molecule sensor, nanopores have the potential to provide fingerprint information on saccharides. Traditionally, direct single-molecule saccharide detection with nanopores is hampered by their small size and weak affinity. Here, a carbon nitride nanopore device is developed to discern two types of trisaccharide molecules (LeApN and SLeCpN) with minor structural differences. The resolution of LeApN and SLeCpN in the mixture reaches 0.98, which has never been achieved in solid-state nanopores so far. Monosaccharide (GlcNAcpN) and disaccharide (LacNAcpN) can also be discriminated using this system, indicating that the versatile carbon nitride nanopores possess a monosaccharide-level resolution. This study demonstrates that the carbon nitride nanopores have the potential for conducting structure analysis on single-molecule saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yida Han
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Chen H, Huang C, Liao Z, Ma X, Fan J. The Role of MXene Surface Terminations on Peptide Transportation in Nanopore Sensing. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3900-3906. [PMID: 38564363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanopores with two-dimensional materials have various advantages in sensing, but the fast translocation of molecules hinders their scale-up applications. In this work, we investigate the influence of -F, -O, and -OH surface terminations on the translocation of peptides through MXene nanopores. We find that the longest dwell time always occurs when peptides pass through the Ti3C2O2 nanopores. This elongated dwell time is induced by the strongest interaction between peptides and the Ti3C2O2 membrane, in which the van der Waals interactions dominate. Compared to the other two MXene nanopores, the braking effect is indicated during the whole translocation process, which evidence the advantage of Ti3C2O2 in nanopore sensing. Our work demonstrates that membrane surface chemistry has a great influence on the translocation of peptides, which can be introduced in the design of nanopores for a better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Changxiong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhenyu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinyao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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5
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Lei D, Zhang Z, Jiang L. Bioinspired 2D nanofluidic membranes for energy applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2300-2325. [PMID: 38284167 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bioinspired two-dimensional (2D) nanofluidic membranes have been explored for the creation of high-performance ion transport systems that can mimic the delicate transport functions of living organisms. Advanced energy devices made from these membranes show excellent energy storage and conversion capabilities. Further research and development in this area are essential to unlock the full potential of energy devices and facilitate the development of high-performance equipment toward real-world applications and a sustainable future. However, there has been minimal review and summarization of 2D nanofluidic membranes in recent years. Thus, it is necessary to carry out an extensive review to provide a survey library for researchers in related fields. In this review, the classification and the raw materials that are used to construct 2D nanofluidic membranes are first presented. Second, the top-down and bottom-up methods for constructing 2D membranes are introduced. Next, the applications of bioinspired 2D membranes in osmotic energy, hydraulic energy, mechanical energy, photoelectric conversion, lithium batteries, and flow batteries are discussed in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges that 2D nanofluidic membranes are likely to face in the future are envisioned. This review aims to provide a broad knowledge base for constructing high-performance bioinspired 2D nanofluidic membranes for advanced energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
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6
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Gao Y, Wang Y. Interplay of graphene-DNA interactions: Unveiling sensing potential of graphene materials. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 11:011306. [PMID: 38784221 PMCID: PMC11115426 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials and DNA probes/nanostructures have emerged as building blocks for constructing powerful biosensors. Graphene-based materials possess exceptional properties, including two-dimensional atomically flat basal planes for biomolecule binding. DNA probes serve as excellent selective probes, exhibiting specific recognition capabilities toward diverse target analytes. Meanwhile, DNA nanostructures function as placement scaffolds, enabling the precise organization of molecular species at nanoscale and the positioning of complex biomolecular assays. The interplay of DNA probes/nanostructures and graphene-based materials has fostered the creation of intricate hybrid materials with user-defined architectures. This advancement has resulted in significant progress in developing novel biosensors for detecting DNA, RNA, small molecules, and proteins, as well as for DNA sequencing. Consequently, a profound understanding of the interactions between DNA and graphene-based materials is key to developing these biological devices. In this review, we systematically discussed the current comprehension of the interaction between DNA probes and graphene-based materials, and elucidated the latest advancements in DNA probe-graphene-based biosensors. Additionally, we concisely summarized recent research endeavors involving the deposition of DNA nanostructures on graphene-based materials and explored imminent biosensing applications by seamlessly integrating DNA nanostructures with graphene-based materials. Finally, we delineated the primary challenges and provided prospective insights into this rapidly developing field. We envision that this review will aid researchers in understanding the interactions between DNA and graphene-based materials, gaining deeper insight into the biosensing mechanisms of DNA-graphene-based biosensors, and designing novel biosensors for desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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7
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Chao Y, Han Y, Chen Z, Chu D, Xu Q, Wallace G, Wang C. Multiscale Structural Design of 2D Nanomaterials-based Flexible Electrodes for Wearable Energy Storage Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305558. [PMID: 38115755 PMCID: PMC10916616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
2D nanomaterials play a critical role in realizing high-performance flexible electrodes for wearable energy storge devices, owing to their merits of large surface area, high conductivity and high strength. The electrode is a complex system and the performance is determined by multiple and interrelated factors including the intrinsic properties of materials and the structures at different scales from macroscale to atomic scale. Multiscale design strategies have been developed to engineer the structures to exploit full potential and mitigate drawbacks of 2D materials. Analyzing the design strategies and understanding the working mechanisms are essential to facilitate the integration and harvest the synergistic effects. This review summarizes the multiscale design strategies from macroscale down to micro/nano-scale structures and atomic-scale structures for developing 2D nanomaterials-based flexible electrodes. It starts with brief introduction of 2D nanomaterials, followed by analysis of structural design strategies at different scales focusing on the elucidation of structure-property relationship, and ends with the presentation of challenges and future prospects. This review highlights the importance of integrating multiscale design strategies. Finding from this review may deepen the understanding of electrode performance and provide valuable guidelines for designing 2D nanomaterials-based flexible electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chao
- Henan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Yan Han
- Energy & Materials Engineering CentreCollege of Physics and Materials ScienceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjin300387China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
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8
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Bandara YMNDY, Karawdeniya BI, Dutt S, Kluth P, Tricoli A. Nanopore Fabrication Made Easy: A Portable, Affordable Microcontroller-Assisted Approach for Tailored Pore Formation via Controlled Breakdown. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2124-2134. [PMID: 38277343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
With growing interest in solid-state nanopore sensing─a single-molecule technique capable of profiling a host of analyte classes─establishing facile and scalable approaches for fabricating molecular-size pores is becoming increasingly important. The introduction of nanopore fabrication by controlled breakdown (CBD) has transformed the economics and accessibility of nanopore fabrication. Here, we introduce the design of an Arduino-based, portable USB-powered CBD device, with an estimated cost of <150 USD, which is ≈10-100× cheaper than most commercial solutions, capable of fabricating single nanopores conducive for single molecule sensing experiments. We demonstrate the facile fabrication of 60 tailored nanopores (∼2.6-12.6 nm) with ∼80% of the pores within 1 nm of the target diameter. Selected pores were then tested with double-stranded DNA, the canonical molecular ruler, demonstrating their performance for single-molecule sensing applications. The device is constructed with off-the-shelf readily available components and controlled using a highly customizable MATLAB application, which has capabilities encompassing pore fabrication, pore enlargement, and current-voltage acquisition for pore size estimation. When combined with a portable amplifier, this device also provides a fully portable sensing platform, an important step toward portable solid-state nanopore sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Buddini I Karawdeniya
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shankar Dutt
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Patrick Kluth
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia
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9
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Bahri M, Yu D, Zhang CY, Chen Z, Yang C, Douadji L, Qin P. Unleashing the potential of tungsten disulfide: Current trends in biosensing and nanomedicine applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24427. [PMID: 38293340 PMCID: PMC10826743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of graphene ignites a great deal of interest in the research and advancement of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. Within it, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are highly regarded due to their exceptional electrical and optoelectronic properties. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a TMDC with intriguing properties, such as biocompatibility, tunable bandgap, and outstanding photoelectric characteristics. These features make it a potential candidate for chemical sensing, biosensing, and tumor therapy. Despite the numerous reviews on the synthesis and application of TMDCs in the biomedical field, no comprehensive study still summarizes and unifies the research trends of WS2 from synthesis to biomedical applications. Therefore, this review aims to present a complete and thorough analysis of the current research trends in WS2 across several biomedical domains, including biosensing and nanomedicine, covering antibacterial applications, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and anticancer treatments. Finally, this review also discusses the potential opportunities and obstacles associated with WS2 to deliver a new outlook for advancing its progress in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bahri
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenglin Chen
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengming Yang
- University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lyes Douadji
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing City, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Stuber A, Schlotter T, Hengsteler J, Nakatsuka N. Solid-State Nanopores for Biomolecular Analysis and Detection. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:283-316. [PMID: 38273209 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Advances in nanopore technology and data processing have rendered DNA sequencing highly accessible, unlocking a new realm of biotechnological opportunities. Commercially available nanopores for DNA sequencing are of biological origin and have certain disadvantages such as having specific environmental requirements to retain functionality. Solid-state nanopores have received increased attention as modular systems with controllable characteristics that enable deployment in non-physiological milieu. Thus, we focus our review on summarizing recent innovations in the field of solid-state nanopores to envision the future of this technology for biomolecular analysis and detection. We begin by introducing the physical aspects of nanopore measurements ranging from interfacial interactions at pore and electrode surfaces to mass transport of analytes and data analysis of recorded signals. Then, developments in nanopore fabrication and post-processing techniques with the pros and cons of different methodologies are examined. Subsequently, progress to facilitate DNA sequencing using solid-state nanopores is described to assess how this platform is evolving to tackle the more complex challenge of protein sequencing. Beyond sequencing, we highlight the recent developments in biosensing of nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars and conclude with an outlook on the frontiers of nanopore technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Stuber
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Schlotter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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11
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H H, Mallajosyula SS. Unveiling DNA Translocation in Pristine Graphene Nanopores: Understanding Pore Clogging via Polarizable Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55095-55108. [PMID: 37965826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has garnered remarkable attention in recent years as an attractive nanopore membrane for rapid and accurate sequencing of DNA. The inherent characteristics of graphene offer exquisite experimental control over pore dimensions, encompassing both the width (pore diameter) and height. Despite these promising prospects, the practical deployment of pristine graphene nanopores for DNA sequencing has encountered a formidable challenge in the form of pore clogging, which is primarily attributed to hydrophobic interactions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the atomistic origins underpinning this clogging phenomenon and the nuanced impact of individual nucleobase identities on clogging dynamics remain an underexplored domain. Elucidating the atomistic intricacies governing pore clogging is pivotal to devising strategies for its mitigation and advancing our understanding of graphene nanopore behavior. We harness Drude polarizable simulations to systematically dissect the nucleobase-dependent mechanisms that play a pivotal role in nanopore clogging. We unveil nucleobase-specific interactions that illuminate the multifaceted roles played by both hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in driving nanopore clogging events. Notably, the Drude simulations also unveil the bias-dependent translocation dynamics and its pivotal role in alleviating pore clogging─a facet that remains significantly underestimated in conventional additive (nonpolarizable) simulations. Our findings underscore the indispensability of incorporating polarizability to faithfully capture the intricate dynamics governing graphene nanopore translocation phenomena, thus deepening our insights into this crucial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth H
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sairam S Mallajosyula
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
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12
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Zhu R, Qin F, Zheng X, Fang S, Ding J, Wang D, Liang L. Single-molecule lipopolysaccharides identification and the interplay with biomolecules via nanopore readout. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115641. [PMID: 37657310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the major constituent on the cell envelope of all gram-negative bacteria. They are ubiquitous in air, and are toxic inflammatory stimulators for urinary disorders and sepsis. The reported optical, thermal, and electrochemical sensors via the intermolecular interplay of LPS with proteins and aptamers are generally complicated methods. We demonstrate the single-molecule nanopore approach for LPS identification in distinct bacteria as well as the serotypes discrimination. With a 4 nm nanopore, we achieve a detection limit of 10 ng/mL. Both the antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) and DNA aptamer display specific binding to LPS. The identification of LPS in both human serum and tap water show good performance with nanopore platforms. Our work shows a highly-sensitive and easy-to-handle scheme for clinical and environmental biomarkers determination and provides a promising screening tool for early warning of contamination in water and medical supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China; Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Fupeng Qin
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Xinchuan Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Fang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
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13
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Yu YS, Ren Q, Tan RR, Ding HM. Exploring the non-monotonic DNA capture behavior in a charged graphene nanopore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28034-28042. [PMID: 37846110 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03767c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-based biomolecule detection has emerged as a promising and sought-after innovation, offering high throughput, rapidity, label-free analysis, and cost-effectiveness, with potential applications in personalized medicine. However, achieving efficient and tunable biomolecule capture into the nanopore remains a significant challenge. In this study, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the capture of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules into graphene nanopores with varying positive charges. We discover a non-monotonic relationship between the DNA capture rate and the charge of the graphene nanopore. Specifically, the capture rate initially decreases and then increases with an increase in nanopore charge. This behavior is primarily attributed to differences in the electrophoretic force, rather than the influence of electroosmosis or counterions. Furthermore, we also observe this non-monotonic trend in various ionic solutions, but not in ionless solutions. Our findings shed light on the design of novel DNA sequencing devices, offering valuable insights into enhancing biomolecule capture rates in nanopore-based sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sheng Yu
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- National Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Rong-Ri Tan
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Hong-Ming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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14
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Wei X, Penkauskas T, Reiner JE, Kennard C, Uline MJ, Wang Q, Li S, Aksimentiev A, Robertson JW, Liu C. Engineering Biological Nanopore Approaches toward Protein Sequencing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16369-16395. [PMID: 37490313 PMCID: PMC10676712 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological innovations have vastly improved the capacity to perform large-scale protein studies, while the methods we have for identifying and quantifying individual proteins are still inadequate to perform protein sequencing at the single-molecule level. Nanopore-inspired systems devoted to understanding how single molecules behave have been extensively developed for applications in genome sequencing. These nanopore systems are emerging as prominent tools for protein identification, detection, and analysis, suggesting realistic prospects for novel protein sequencing. This review summarizes recent advances in biological nanopore sensors toward protein sequencing, from the identification of individual amino acids to the controlled translocation of peptides and proteins, with attention focused on device and algorithm development and the delineation of molecular mechanisms with the aid of simulations. Specifically, the review aims to offer recommendations for the advancement of nanopore-based protein sequencing from an engineering perspective, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts across multiple disciplines. These efforts should include chemical conjugation, protein engineering, molecular simulation, machine-learning-assisted identification, and electronic device fabrication to enable practical implementation in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Tadas Penkauskas
- Biophysics and Biomedical Measurement Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Joseph E. Reiner
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Celeste Kennard
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mark J. Uline
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Sheng Li
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Aleksei Aksimentiev
- Department of Physics and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joseph W.F. Robertson
- Biophysics and Biomedical Measurement Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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15
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Miao L, Huang B, Fang H, Chai J, Liu Z, Zhai Y. Single-Nanoparticle-Based Nanomachining for Fabrication of a Uniform Nanochannel Sensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305159. [PMID: 37486796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure of nanomaterials and nanodevices determines their functionality and applications. A single uniform nanochannel with a high aspect ratio is an attractive structure due to its unique rigid structures, easy preparation, and diverse pore structures and it holds significant promising importance in fields such as nanopore sensing and nanomanufacturing. Although the metal-nanoparticle-assistant silicon etching technique can produce uniform nanochannels, however, the fabrication of single through nanochannels remains a challenge thus far. A simple and versatile strategy is developed that allows for the retention of individual gold nanoparticle on a substrate, enabling single-nanoparticle nanomachining. This method involves three steps: the formation of a carbon protective layer on individual nanoparticles via electron-beam irradiation, selective removal of unprotected nanoparticles using a corrosive agent, and subsequent elimination of the carbon layer. This enables the fabrication of a single submillimeter-long uniform through nanochannel in the silicon wafer, which can be employed for nanopore sensing and shape-based nanoparticle distinguishing. The developed method can also facilitate single-nanoparticle studies and nanomachining for a broad application in materials science, electronics, micro/nano-optics, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Miao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bintong Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jia Chai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Zhai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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16
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Wu X, Luo X, Cheng H, Yang R, Chen X. Recent progresses on ion beam irradiation induced structure and performance modulation of two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8925-8947. [PMID: 37102719 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are receiving significant attention for both fundamental research and industrial applications due to their unparalleled properties and wide application potential. In this case, the controllable modulation of their structures and properties is essential for the realization and further expansion of their applications. Accordingly, ion beam irradiation techniques, with large scope to adjust parameters, high manufacturing resolution, and a series of advanced equipment being developed, have been demonstrated to have obvious advantages in manipulating the structure and performance of 2D materials. In recent years, many research efforts have been devoted to uncovering the underlying mechanism and control rules regarding ion irradiation induced phenomena in 2D materials, aiming at fulfilling their application potential as soon as possible. Herein, we review the research progress in the interaction between energetic ions and 2D materials based on the energy transfer model, type of ion source, structural modulation, performance modification of 2D materials, and then their application status, aiming to provide useful information for researchers in this field and stimulating more research advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China.
| | - Xinchun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China.
| | - Hailong Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China.
| | - Ruxue Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China.
| | - Xiyue Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China.
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17
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Zheng J, Zhang X, Yang Y, Cui J, Fang L, Zhou M, Chen Q. Highly Sensitive and Selective DNA Sequencing Device Using Metal Adatom Adsorption on 2D Phosphorene. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17768-17778. [PMID: 37251187 PMCID: PMC10210229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) material revolutionarily extends the technique capability of traditional nanopore/nanogap-based DNA sequencing devices. However, challenges associated with DNA sequencing on nanopores still remained in improving the sensitivity and specificity. Herein, by first-principles calculation, we theoretically studied the potential of transition-metal elements (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Au) anchored on monolayer black phosphorene (BP) to act as all-electronic DNA sequencing devices. The spin-polarized band structures appeared in Cr-, Fe-, Co-, and Au-doped BP. Remarkably, the adsorption energy of nucleobases can be significantly enhanced on BP with Co, Fe, and Cr doping, which contribute to the enlarged current signal and lower noise levels. Furthermore, the order of nucleobases in terms of their adsorption energies onto the Cr@BP is C > A > G > T, which exhibits more distinct adsorption energies than Fe@BP or Co@BP. Therefore, Cr-doped BP is more effective to avoid ambiguity in recognizing various bases. We thus envisaged a possibility of a highly sensitive and selective DNA sequencing device based on phosphorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zheng
- Biomedical
Analysis Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Youhao Yang
- Biomedical
Analysis Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Jin Cui
- United
Microelectronics Center Co., Ltd. (CUMEC), Chongqing 401332, P. R. China
| | - Liang Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of
Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhou
- College
of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Biomedical
Analysis Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory
of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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18
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Liang L, Qin F, Wang S, Wu J, Li R, Wang Z, Ren M, Liu D, Wang D, Astruc D. Overview of the materials design and sensing strategies of nanopore devices. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Thakur M, Cai N, Zhang M, Teng Y, Chernev A, Tripathi M, Zhao Y, Macha M, Elharouni F, Lihter M, Wen L, Kis A, Radenovic A. High durability and stability of 2D nanofluidic devices for long-term single-molecule sensing. NPJ 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 7:11. [PMID: 38665480 PMCID: PMC11041726 DOI: 10.1038/s41699-023-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanopores in two-dimensional (2D) membranes hold immense potential in single-molecule sensing, osmotic power generation, and information storage. Recent advances in 2D nanopores, especially on single-layer MoS2, focus on the scalable growth and manufacturing of nanopore devices. However, there still remains a bottleneck in controlling the nanopore stability in atomically thin membranes. Here, we evaluate the major factors responsible for the instability of the monolayer MoS2 nanopores. We identify chemical oxidation and delamination of monolayers from their underlying substrates as the major reasons for the instability of MoS2 nanopores. Surface modification of the substrate and reducing the oxygen from the measurement solution improves nanopore stability and dramatically increases their shelf-life. Understanding nanopore growth and stability can provide insights into controlling the pore size, shape and can enable long-term measurements with a high signal-to-noise ratio and engineering durable nanopore devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukeshchand Thakur
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nianduo Cai
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miao Zhang
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yunfei Teng
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Andrey Chernev
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mukesh Tripathi
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structure, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structure, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Macha
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farida Elharouni
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Lihter
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Andras Kis
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structure, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Garg R, Vitale F. Latest advances on MXenes in biomedical research and health care. MRS BULLETIN 2023; 48:283-290. [PMID: 36846314 PMCID: PMC9943034 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-023-00480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The unique combination of physical and chemical properties of MXenes has propelled a growing number of applications in biomedicine and healthcare. The expanding library of MXenes with tunable properties is paving the way for high-performance, application-specific MXene-based sensing and therapeutic platforms. In this article, we highlight the emerging biomedical applications of MXenes with specific emphasis on bioelectronics, biosensors, tissue engineering, and therapeutics. We present examples of MXenes and their composites enabling novel technological platforms and therapeutic strategies, and elucidate potential avenues for further developments. Finally, we discuss the materials, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges that need to be synergistically addressed for the clinical translation of MXene-based biomedical technologies. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Garg
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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21
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Thomas S, Silmore KS, Sharma P, Govind Rajan A. Enumerating Stable Nanopores in Graphene and Their Geometrical Properties Using the Combinatorics of Hexagonal Lattices. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:870-881. [PMID: 36638043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores in two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene, can be used for a variety of applications, such as gas separations, water desalination, and DNA sequencing. So far, however, all plausible isomeric shapes of graphene nanopores have not been enumerated. Instead, a probabilistic approach has been followed to predict nanopore shapes in 2D materials, due to the exponential increase in the number of nanopores as the size of the vacancy increases. For example, there are 12 possible isomers when N = 6 atoms are removed, a number that theoretically increases to 11.7 million when N = 20 atoms are removed from the graphene lattice. In this regard, the development of a smaller, exhaustive data set of stable nanopore shapes can help future experimental and theoretical studies focused on using nanoporous 2D materials in various applications. In this work, we use the theory of 2D triangular "lattice animals" to create a library of all stable graphene nanopore shapes based on a modification of a well-known algorithm in the mathematical combinatorics of polyforms known as Redelmeier's algorithm. We show that there exists a correspondence between graphene nanopores and triangular polyforms (called polyiamonds) as well as hexagonal polyforms (called polyhexes). We develop the concept of a polyiamond ID to identify unique nanopore isomers. We also use concepts from polyiamond and polyhex geometries to eliminate unstable nanopores containing dangling atoms, bonds, and moieties. We verify using density functional theory calculations that such pores are indeed unstable. The exclusion of these unstable nanopores leads to a remarkable reduction in the possible nanopores from 11.7 million for N = 20 to only 0.184 million nanopores, thereby indicating that the number of stable nanopores is almost 2 orders of magnitude lower and is much more tractable. Not only that, by extracting the polyhex outline, our algorithm allows searching for nanopores with dimensions and shape factors in a specified range, thus aiding the design of the geometrical properties of nanopores for specific applications. We also provide the coordinate files of the stable nanopores as a library to facilitate future theoretical studies of these nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh462066, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka560012, India
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Piyush Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka560012, India
| | - Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka560012, India
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22
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Mittal S, Pathak B. A Step toward Amino Acid-Labeled DNA Sequencing: Boosting Transmission Sensitivity of Graphene Nanogap. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:218-227. [PMID: 36524773 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Existing obstacles in next-generation DNA sequencing techniques, for instance, high noise, high translocation speed, and configurational fluctuations, call for approaches capable of reaching the goal and accelerating the process of personalized medicine development. The labeling nucleotide approach has the potential to overcome these barriers and boost the recognition sensitivity of a solid-state nanodevice. In this theoretical report, the first-principles density functional theory calculations have been employed to study the role of three different labels, tyrosine (Tyr), aspartic acid (Asp), and arginine (Arg), for labeling DNA nucleotides and study their effect in rapid and controlled DNA sequencing at atomic resolution. Remarkable differences in interaction energy values are noticed in all three cases of differently labeled nucleotides. The zero-bias transmission spectra confirm that proposed labels have the ability to detect the individual nucleotide, amplifying the tunneling current sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. The current-voltage characteristics of Arg-labeled nucleotides are found to be promising for single nucleotide recognition even at a very low bias voltage of 0.1 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh453552, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh453552, India
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23
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Bahri M, Gebre SH, Elaguech MA, Dajan FT, Sendeku MG, Tlili C, Wang D. Recent advances in chemical vapour deposition techniques for graphene-based nanoarchitectures: From synthesis to contemporary applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Tsutsui M, Yokota K, He Y, Kawai T. Ionic Signal Amplification of DNA in a Nanopore. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200761. [PMID: 36196624 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionic signal amplification is a key challenge for single-molecule analyses by solid-state nanopore sensing. Here, a permittivity gradient approach for amplifying ionic blockade characteristics of DNA in a nanofluidic channel is reported. The transmembrane ionic current response is found to change substantially through modifying the liquid permittivity at one side of a pore with an organic solvent. Imposing positive liquid permittivity gradients with respect to the direction of DNA electrophoresis, this study observes the resistive ionic signals to become larger due to the varying contributions of molecular counterions. On the contrary, negative gradients render adverse effects causing conductive ionic current pulses upon polynucleotide translocations. Most importantly, both the positive and negative gradients are demonstrated to be capable of amplifying the ionic signals by an order of magnitude with a 1.3-fold difference in the transmembrane liquid dielectric constants. This phenomenon allows a novel way to enhance the single-molecule sensitivity of nanopore sensing that may be useful in analyzing secondary structures and genome sequence of DNA by ionic current measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yokota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yuhui He
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tomoji Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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25
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Wang Z, Li S, Zhang X, Su J. Water transport through a graphene channel with different cross-sectional shapes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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26
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Hennighausen Z, Hudak BM, Phillips M, Moon J, McCreary KM, Chuang HJ, Rosenberger MR, Jonker BT, Li CH, Stroud RM, van 't Erve OMJ. Room-Temperature Oxygen Transport in Nanothin Bi xO ySe z Enables Precision Modulation of 2D Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13969-13981. [PMID: 36074972 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen conductors and transporters are important to several consequential renewable energy technologies, including fuel cells and syngas production. Separately, monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have demonstrated significant promise for a range of applications, including quantum computing, advanced sensors, valleytronics, and next-generation optoelectronics. Here, we synthesize a few-nanometer-thick BixOySez compound that strongly resembles a rare R3m bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) phase and combine it with monolayer TMDs, which are highly sensitive to their environment. We use the resulting 2D heterostructure to study oxygen transport through BixOySez into the interlayer region, whereby the 2D material properties are modulated, finding extraordinarily fast diffusion near room temperature under laser exposure. The oxygen diffusion enables reversible and precise modification of the 2D material properties by controllably intercalating and deintercalating oxygen. Changes are spatially confined, enabling sub-micrometer features (e.g., pixels), and are long-term stable for more than 221 days. Our work suggests few-nanometer-thick BixOySez is a promising unexplored room-temperature oxygen transporter. Additionally, our findings suggest that the mechanism can be applied to other 2D materials as a generalized method to manipulate their properties with high precision and sub-micrometer spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Hennighausen
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Bethany M Hudak
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Madeleine Phillips
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jisoo Moon
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Kathleen M McCreary
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Hsun-Jen Chuang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
- Nova Research, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia 22308, United States
| | | | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Connie H Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Rhonda M Stroud
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Olaf M J van 't Erve
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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27
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Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) polymers have garnered widespread interest because of their intriguing physicochemical properties. Envisaged applications in fields including nanodevices, solid-state chemistry, physical organic chemistry, and condensed matter physics, however, demand high-quality and large-scale production. In this perspective, we first introduce exotic band structures of organic frameworks holding honeycomb, kagome, and Lieb lattices. We further discuss how mesoscale ordered 2D polymers can be synthesized by means of choosing suitable monomers and optimizing growth conditions. We describe successful polymerization strategies to introducing a non-benzenoid subunit into a π-conjugated carbon lattice via delicately designed monomer precursors. Also, to obviate transfer and restore the intrinsic properties of π-conjugated polymers, new paradigms of aryl-aryl coupling on inert surfaces are discussed. Recent achievements in the photopolymerization demonstrate the need for monomer design. We conclude the potential applications of these organic networks and project the future possibilities in providing new insights into on-surface polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchao Niu
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Chenqiang Hua
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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28
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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29
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Yong H, He X, Merlitz H. Connection between Intrapore Free Energy, Molecule Permeation, and Selectivity of Nanofiltration Membranes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaisong Yong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, 610500, Chengdu, China
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xianru He
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, 610500, Chengdu, China
| | - Holger Merlitz
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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