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Hayashi K, Zhang C, Taleb Alashkar AN, Ishikawa K. Carbonate Apatite Honeycomb Scaffold-Based Drug Delivery System for Repairing Osteoporotic Bone Defects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39182190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporotic bone defects are difficult to repair in elderly patients. This study aimed to repair osteoporotic bone defects using a combination of bone tissue engineering (BTE) and drug delivery systems (DDS). Herein, honeycomb granules (HCGs) composed of carbonate apatite microspheres were fabricated as BTE scaffolds. Each HCG possesses hexagonal macropores and abundant interconnected micropores between the microspheres. Owing to these multiscale interconnected pores, HCGs can readily contain antibodies against sclerostin (Scl), which causes imbalances in bone homeostasis. Anti-Scl antibody-loaded HCGs (Scl-Ab-HCGs) regulate the release of Scl-Abs in response to the pH of the osteoporotic environment. In ovariectomized rabbit osteoporotic femurs, HCG monotherapy forms new bone with less osteocyte damage (fewer empty bone lacunae) and fewer osteoclasts than osteoporotic bone; however, it is insufficient to prevent receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) overexpression. Consequently, HCG monotherapy restores bone quantity better than no treatment but not to normal levels. In contrast, new bone tissue formed by Scl-Ab-HCG-based DDS predominantly expresses osteocalcin rather than RANKL, similar to normal bone, and shows a similar osteocyte apoptosis level, bone quantity, and osteoclast number as normal bone. Thus, Scl-Ab-HCG-based DDS is a promising approach for osteoporotic bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ahmad Nazir Taleb Alashkar
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Hayashi K, Shimabukuro M, Zhang C, Taleb Alashkar AN, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Silver phosphate-modified carbonate apatite honeycomb scaffolds for anti-infective and pigmentation-free bone tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101161. [PMID: 39155941 PMCID: PMC11326936 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration using synthetic materials has a high rate of surgical site infection, resulting in severe pain for patients and often requiring revision surgery. We propose Ag3PO4-based surface modification and structural control of scaffolds for preventing infections in bone regeneration. We demonstrated the differences in toxicity and antibacterial activity between in vitro and in vivo studies and determined the optimal silver content in terms of overall anti-infection effects, bone regeneration, toxicity, and pigmentation. A honeycomb structure comprising osteoconductive and resorbable carbonate apatite (CAp) was used as the base scaffold. CAp in the scaffold surface was partially replaced with different concentrations of Ag3PO4 via controlled dissolution-precipitation reactions in an AgNO3 solution. Both bone regeneration and infection prevention were achieved at 860-2300 ppm of silver. Despite the absence of Ag3PO4, honeycomb scaffolds were less susceptible to infection, even under conditions where infection occurs in clinically used three-dimensional porous scaffolds. Regardless of in vitro cytotoxicity at >5200 ppm of silver, increasing the silver content to 21,000 ppm did not adversely affect in vivo bone formation and scaffold resorption or cause acute systemic toxicity. Rather, bone formation was enhanced with 5200 ppm of silver. However, pigmentation was observed at that concentration. Hence, we concluded that the optimal silver concentration range is 860-2300 ppm for anti-infective and pigmentation-free bone regeneration. Bone regeneration was achieved via surface modification, resulting in the rapid release of silver ions immediately after implantation, followed by gradual release over several months. The scaffold structure may also aid in preventing bacterial growth within the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimabukuro
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ahmad Nazir Taleb Alashkar
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Kishida
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Lee KWA, Chan KWL, Lee A, Lee CH, Wan J, Wong S, Yi KH. Polynucleotides in Aesthetic Medicine: A Review of Current Practices and Perceived Effectiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8224. [PMID: 39125793 PMCID: PMC11311621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polynucleotides, complex molecules composed of nucleotides, have gained attention in aesthetic medicine for their potential to regulate gene expression and promote tissue regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of the current practices and perceived effectiveness of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using keywords related to polynucleotides, cosmetic application, and aesthetic application. Studies were selected based on their relevance to aesthetic medicine and the inclusion of human subjects. The review found that polynucleotides have been used to improve skin texture, reduce wrinkle depth, and enhance facial appearance. The studies reported varying degrees of efficacy and safety, with some studies demonstrating significant improvements in skin elasticity and hydration. However, others reported limited or no benefits. The review also highlighted the need for further research to establish the optimal use and efficacy of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine. While the existing literature suggests that polynucleotides may have potential benefits in aesthetic medicine, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimal use. Clinicians should be aware of the current limitations and potential risks associated with the use of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wai Alvin Lee
- EverKeen Medical Centre, Hong Kong; (K.W.A.L.); (K.W.L.C.); (C.H.L.)
| | | | | | - Cheuk Hung Lee
- EverKeen Medical Centre, Hong Kong; (K.W.A.L.); (K.W.L.C.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Jovian Wan
- Asia-Pacific Aesthetic Academy, Hong Kong;
| | - Sky Wong
- Leciel Medical Centre, Hong Kong;
| | - Kyu-Ho Yi
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wei J, Chen X, Xu Y, Shi L, Zhang M, Nie M, Liu X. Significance and considerations of establishing standardized critical values for critical size defects in animal models of bone tissue regeneration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33768. [PMID: 39071581 PMCID: PMC11283167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing animal models with critical size defects (CSDs) is critical for conducting experimental investigations engineering of bone tissue regeneration. Currently, a standardised protocol for establishing an animal CSDs model has not been developed. Furthermore, a consensus has not been reached regarding the critical values of CSDs. Successful establishment of animal models for CSDs is a complex process that requires researchers to meticulously consider a variety of factors such as age, species, bone defect size and anatomic location. The specific numerical values for CSDs in small animal models vary, and a clear definition of the critical value for large animal CSDs models in the literature is still lacking. This review consolidates the advancements in critical bone defects animal models by outlining the research landscape across variables, including animal species, age groups, bone defect sites, and sizes, to offer valuable guidance and a theoretical framework for the establishment of pertinent experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Oral Medical Technology, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Mianyang Stomatological Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Yingjiao Xu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Menglian Zhang
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Minhai Nie
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, 646000, China
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Wang X, Mu M, Yan J, Han B, Ye R, Guo G. 3D printing materials and 3D printed surgical devices in oral and maxillofacial surgery: design, workflow and effectiveness. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae066. [PMID: 39169972 PMCID: PMC11338467 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a specialized surgical field devoted to diagnosing and managing conditions affecting the oral cavity, jaws, face and related structures. In recent years, the integration of 3D printing technology has revolutionized this field, offering a range of innovative surgical devices such as patient-specific implants, surgical guides, splints, bone models and regenerative scaffolds. In this comprehensive review, we primarily focus on examining the utility of 3D-printed surgical devices in the context of oral and maxillofacial surgery and evaluating their efficiency. Initially, we provide an insightful overview of commonly utilized 3D-printed surgical devices, discussing their innovations and clinical applications. Recognizing the pivotal role of materials, we give consideration to suitable biomaterials and printing technology of each device, while also introducing the emerging fields of regenerative scaffolds and bioprinting. Furthermore, we delve into the transformative impact of 3D-printed surgical devices within specific subdivisions of oral and maxillofacial surgery, placing particular emphasis on their rejuvenating effects in bone reconstruction, orthognathic surgery, temporomandibular joint treatment and other applications. Additionally, we elucidate how the integration of 3D printing technology has reshaped clinical workflows and influenced treatment outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery, providing updates on advancements in ensuring accuracy and cost-effectiveness in 3D printing-based procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Mu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiazhen Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi, 832002, China, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Lin M, Liu H, Pan Y, Wu J, Guo Z, Li J, Yan B, Zhou H, Fan Y, Hu G, Liang H, Zhang S, Siu MFF, Wu Y, Bai J, Liu C. Cellular Scale Curvature in Bioceramic Scaffolds Enhanced Bone Regeneration by Regulating Skeletal Stem Cells and Vascularization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401667. [PMID: 38923234 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Critical-sized segmental bone defects cannot heal spontaneously, leading to disability and significant increase in mortality. However, current treatments utilizing bone grafts face a variety of challenges from donor availability to poor osseointegration. Drugs such as growth factors increase cancer risk and are very costly. Here, a porous bioceramic scaffold that promotes bone regeneration via solely mechanobiological design is reported. Two types of scaffolds with high versus low pore curvatures are created using high-precision 3D printing technology to fabricate pore curvatures radius in the 100s of micrometers. While both are able to support bone formation, the high-curvature pores induce higher ectopic bone formation and increased vessel invasion. Scaffolds with high-curvature pores also promote faster regeneration of critical-sized segmental bone defects by activating mechanosensitive pathways. High-curvature pore recruits skeletal stem cells and type H vessels from both the periosteum and the marrow during the early phase of repair. High-curvature pores have increased survival of transplanted GFP-labeled skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and recruit more host SSCs. Taken together, the bioceramic scaffolds with defined micrometer-scale pore curvatures demonstrate a mechanobiological approach for orthopedic scaffold design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jianqun Wu
- College of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bingtong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ganqing Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Haowen Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Fung Francis Siu
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongbo Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Hayashi K, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Transformable Carbonate Apatite Chains as a Novel Type of Bone Graft. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303245. [PMID: 38229572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The aging global population is generating an ever-increasing demand for bone regeneration. Various materials, including blocks, granules, and sponges, are developed for bone regeneration. However, blocks require troublesome shaping and exhibit poor bone-defect conformities; granules migrate into the surrounding tissues during and after filling of the defect, causing handling difficulties and complications; and sponges contain polymers that are subject to religious restrictions, lack osteoconductivity, and may cause inflammation and allergies. Herein, carbonate apatite chains that overcome the limitations of conventional materials are presented. Although carbonate apatite granules migrate, causing inflammation and ectopic calcification, the chains remain in the defects without causing any complications. The chains conform to the defect shape and transform into 3D porous structures, resulting in faster bone regeneration than that observed using granules. Thus, these findings indicate that even traditional calcium phosphates materials can be converted to state-of-the-art materials via shape control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Kishida
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Kim MJ, Park H, Jung R, Won C, Ohk S, Kim H, Roh N, Yi K. High-resolution 3-D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of DOT TM polynucleotides (PN): Unique scaffold characteristics and potential applications in biomedicine. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13667. [PMID: 38558437 PMCID: PMC10982675 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polynucleotides (PN) are becoming more prominent in aesthetic medicine. However, the structural characteristics of PN have not been published and PN from different companies may have different structural characteristics. This study aimed to elucidate the structural attributes of DOT™ PN and distinguish differences with polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS DOT™ PN was examined using a Quanta 3-D field emission gun (FEG) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Sample preparation involved cryogenic cooling, cleavage, etching, and metal coating to facilitate high-resolution imaging. Cryo-FIB/SEM techniques were employed for in-depth structural analysis. RESULTS PDRN exhibited an amorphous structure without distinct features. In contrast, DOT™ PN displayed well-defined polyhedral shapes with smooth, uniformly thick walls. These cells were empty, with diameters ranging from 3 to 8 micrometers, forming a seamless tessellation pattern. DISCUSSION DOT™ PN's distinct geometric tessellation design conforms to the principles of biotensegrity, providing both structural reinforcement and integrity. The presence of delicate partitions and vacant compartments hints at possible uses in the field of pharmaceutical delivery systems. Within the realms of beauty enhancement and regenerative medicine, DOT™ PN's capacity to bolster cell growth and tissue mending could potentially transform approaches to rejuvenation treatments. Its adaptability becomes apparent when considering its contributions to drug administration and surgical procedures. CONCLUSION This study unveils the intricate structural scaffold features of DOT™ PN for the first time, setting it apart from PDRN and inspiring innovation in biomedicine and materials science. DOT™ PN's unique attributes open doors to potential applications across healthcare and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rae‐Jun Jung
- Pharmaresearch Co., Ltd. Integrated R&D CenterSungnamSouth Korea
| | - Chee‐Youb Won
- Pharmaresearch Co., Ltd. Integrated R&D CenterSungnamSouth Korea
| | - Seul‐Ong Ohk
- Pharmaresearch Co., Ltd. Integrated R&D CenterSungnamSouth Korea
| | - Hong‐Taek Kim
- Pharmaresearch Co., Ltd. Integrated R&D CenterSungnamSouth Korea
| | - Nark‐Kyung Roh
- Leaders Aesthetic Laser and Cosmetic Surgery CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyu‐Ho Yi
- Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong)SeoulSouth Korea
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyHuman Identification Research InstituteBK21 FOUR ProjectYonsei University College of DentistrySeoulSouth Korea
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Taleb Alashkar AN, Hayashi K, Ishikawa K. Lamellar Septa-like Structured Carbonate Apatite Scaffolds with Layer-by-Layer Fracture Behavior for Bone Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38392158 PMCID: PMC10886560 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Generally, ceramics are brittle, and porosity is inversely correlated with strength, which is one of the challenges of ceramic scaffolds. Here, we demonstrate that lamellar septum-like carbonate apatite scaffolds have the potential to overcome these challenges. They were fabricated by exploiting the cellular structure of the cuttlebone, removing the organic components from the cuttlebone, and performing hydrothermal treatment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the scaffolds had a cellular structure with walls between lamellar septa. The interwall and interseptal sizes were 80-180 and 300-500 μm, respectively. The size of the region enclosed by the walls and septa coincided with the macropore size detected by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Although the scaffold porosity was extremely high (93.2%), the scaffold could be handled without disintegration. The compressive stress-strain curve demonstrated that the scaffolds showed layer-by-layer fracture behavior, which seemed beneficial for avoiding catastrophic failure under impact. When the scaffolds were implanted into rabbit femurs, new bone and blood vessels formed within the scaffold cells at 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, the scaffolds were almost entirely replaced with new bone. Thus, the lamellar septum-like cellular-structured carbonate apatite is a promising scaffold for achieving early bone regeneration and compression resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nazir Taleb Alashkar
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Tan JLT, Shimabukuro M, Kobayashi M, Kishida R, Kawashita M, Ishikawa K. Ant-nest type porous scaffold with micro-struts consisting of carbonate apatite for promoting bone formation and scaffold resorption. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:31-43. [PMID: 37680002 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds having appropriate mechanical strength and providing a proper microenvironment for osteogenesis are expected to be effective alternatives to autografts for bone regeneration. In this study, ant-nest type porous (ANP) scaffolds consisting of CO3 Ap were fabricated using calcium carbonate powder or slurry and two types of polyurethane foam through a dissolution-precipitation reaction. ANP-type, three-dimensional, interconnected porous CO3 Ap scaffolds were fabricated by burning out the struts of polyurethane foams embedded in CaCO3 , followed by compositional transformation from CaCO3 to CO3 Ap. The types of polyurethane foam and impregnation methods of CaCO3 into polyurethane form affected the geometry of the resulting ANP structures. Mechanical and in vivo biological performances of these scaffolds relied on the geometry of the ANP structures. The ANP structures displayed had a clear structural advantage in bone regeneration, owing to the promotion of cell and tissue migration throughout the scaffolds. In particular, ANP-structured scaffolds, which had highest porosity, interconnectivity, and smallest strut thickness, had a mechanical strength comparable to cancellous bone, formed more new bone, were highly resorbed, resulting in cancellous bone-like bone tissue regeneration at 12 weeks of healing. The results suggest that bone regeneration after the migration of cell and tissue into the entire scaffolds is affected by strut thickness preferentially over porosity and interconnectivity. ANP-structured CO3 Ap scaffolds are attractive for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaya Shimabukuro
- Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kishida
- Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kawashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Hayashi K, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Effects of Space Dimensionality within Scaffold for Bone Regeneration with Large and Oriented Blood Vessels. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7518. [PMID: 38138660 PMCID: PMC10744811 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The internal structure of the scaffolds is a key factor for bone regeneration. In this study, we focused on the space dimensionality within the scaffold that may control cell migration and evaluated the effects on the size and orientation of blood vessels and the amount of bone formation in the scaffold. The carbonate apatite scaffolds with intrascaffold space allowing one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or three-dimensional (3D) cell migration were fabricated by 3D printing. These scaffolds had the same space size, i.e., distances between the struts (~300 µm). The scaffolds were implanted into the medial condyle of rabbit femurs for four weeks. Both the size and orientation degree of the blood vessels formed in the scaffolds allowing 1D cell migration were 2.5- to 4.0-fold greater than those of the blood vessels formed in the scaffolds allowing 2D and 3D cell migration. Furthermore, the amount of bone formed in the scaffolds allowing 1D cell migration was 1.4-fold larger than that formed in the scaffolds allowing 2D and 3D cell migration. These are probably because the 1D space limited the direction of cell migration and prevented the branching of blood vessels, whereas 2D and 3D spaces provided the opportunity for random cell migration and blood vessel branching. Thus, scaffolds with 1D space are advantageous for inducing large and oriented blood vessels, resulting in a larger amount of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (R.K.); (A.T.); (K.I.)
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12
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Hayashi K, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Superiority of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Gyroid Structure to Strut-Based Grid Structure in Both Strength and Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37433180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The aging population has rapidly driven the demand for bone regeneration. The pore structure of a scaffold is a critical factor that affects its mechanical strength and bone regeneration. Triply periodic minimal surface gyroid structures similar to the trabecular bone structure are considered superior to strut-based lattice structures (e.g., grids) in terms of bone regeneration. However, at this stage, this is only a hypothesis and is not supported by evidence. In this study, we experimentally validated this hypothesis by comparing gyroid and grid scaffolds composed of carbonate apatite. The gyroid scaffolds possessed compressive strength approximately 1.6-fold higher than that of the grid scaffolds because the gyroid structure prevented stress concentration, whereas the grid structure could not. The porosity of gyroid scaffolds was higher than that of the grid scaffolds; however, porosity and compressive strength generally have a trade-off relationship. Moreover, the gyroid scaffolds formed more than twice the amount of bone as grid scaffolds in a critical-sized bone defect in rabbit femur condyles. This favorable bone regeneration using gyroid scaffolds was attributed to the high permeability (i.e., larger volume of macropores or porosity) and curvature profile of the gyroid structure. Thus, this study validated the conventional hypothesis using in vivo experiments and revealed factors that led to this hypothetical outcome. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of scaffolds that can achieve early bone regeneration without sacrificing the mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Kishida
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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13
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Zeng J, Xiong S, Zhou J, Wei P, Guo K, Wang F, Ouyang M, Long Z, Yao A, Li J, Xiong L, Wu D. Hollow Hydroxyapatite Microspheres Loaded with rhCXCL13 to Recruit BMSC for Osteogenesis and Synergetic Angiogenesis to Promote Bone Regeneration in Bone Defects. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3509-3534. [PMID: 37404852 PMCID: PMC10317543 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s408905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone tissue engineering is a promising method to treat bone defects. However, the current methods of preparing composite materials that mimic the complex structure and biological activity of natural bone are challenging for recruitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which affects the application of these materials in situ bone regeneration. Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres (HHMs) possess a natural porous bone structure, good adsorption, and slow release of chemokines, but have low ability to recruit BMSCs and induce osteogenesis. In this study, The HHM/chitosan (CS) and recombinant human C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (rhCXCL13)-HHM/CS biomimetic scaffolds that optimize bone regeneration and investigated their mechanism of BMSC recruitment and osteogenesis through cell and animal experiments and transcriptomic sequencing. Methods Evaluate the physical characteristics of the HHM/CS and rhCXCL13-HHM/CS biomimetic scaffolds through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the cumulative release curve of rhCXCL13. Transwell migration experiments and co-culture with BMSCs were conducted to study the recruitment ability and osteogenic differentiation of the scaffolds. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed to analyze the osteogenic differentiation mechanism. The osteogenesis and bone healing performance were evaluated using a rabbit radial defect model. Results SEM demonstrated that the rhCXCL13-HHM/CS scaffold comprised hydroxyapatite microspheres in a porous three-dimensional network. The rhCXCL13 showed excellent sustained release capability. The rhCXCL13-HHM/CS scaffold could recruit BMSCs and induce bone regeneration. Transcriptome sequencing and experimental results showed that the osteogenesis mechanism of rhCXCL13-HHM/CS was through the PI3K-AKT pathway. In vivo, the rhCXCL13-HHM/CS scaffold significantly promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis at 12 weeks after surgery. Conclusion The rhCXCL13-HHM/CS scaffold demonstrates excellent potential for BMSC recruitment, osteogenesis, vascularized tissue-engineered bone reconstruction, and drug delivery, providing a theoretical basis for material osteogenesis mechanism study and promising clinical applications for treating large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, People’s Hospital of Ganxian District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341100, China
| | - Shilang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhisheng Long
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Aihua Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jingtang Li
- Department of Traumatology, Jiangxi provincial People’s Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Long Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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14
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Hayashi K, Yanagisawa T, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Gear-shaped carbonate apatite granules with a hexagonal macropore for rapid bone regeneration. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2514-2523. [PMID: 37077175 PMCID: PMC10106487 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic bone grafts are in high demand owing to increased age-related bone disorders in the global aging population. Here, we report fabrication of gear-shaped granules (G-GRNs) for rapid bone healing. G-GRNs possessed six protrusions and a hexagonal macropore in the granular center. These were composed of carbonate apatite, i.e., bone mineral, microspheres with ∼1-μm micropores in the spaces between the microspheres. G-GRNs formed new bone and blood vessels (both on the granular surface and within the macropores) 4 weeks after implantation in the rabbit femur defects. The formed bone structure was similar to that of cancellous bone. The bone percentage in the defect recovered to that in a normal rabbit femur at week-4 post-implantation, and the bone percentage remained constant for the following 8 weeks. Throughout the entire period, the bone percentage in the G-GRN-implanted group was ∼10% higher than that of the group implanted with conventional carbonate apatite granules. Furthermore, a portion of the G-GRNs resorbed at week-4, and resorption continued for the following 8 weeks. Thus, G-GRNs are involved in bone remodeling and are gradually replaced with new bone while maintaining a suitable bone level. These findings provide a basis for the design and fabrication of synthetic bone grafts for achieving rapid bone regeneration.
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15
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Flores-Jiménez MS, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Fuentes-Aguilar RQ. Review on Porous Scaffolds Generation Process: A Tissue Engineering Approach. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1-23. [PMID: 36599046 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds have been widely explored for tissue regeneration and engineering in vitro three-dimensional models. In this review, a comprehensive literature analysis is conducted to identify the steps involved in their generation. The advantages and disadvantages of the available techniques are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering pore geometrical parameters such as curvature and size, and summarizing the requirements to generate the porous scaffold according to the desired application. This paper considers the available design tools, mathematical models, materials, fabrication techniques, cell seeding methodologies, assessment methods, and the status of pore scaffolds in clinical applications. This review compiles the relevant research in the field in the past years. The trends, challenges, and future research directions are discussed in the search for the generation of a porous scaffold with improved mechanical and biological properties that can be reproducible, viable for long-term studies, and closer to being used in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Flores-Jiménez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Gonzalez
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Rita Q Fuentes-Aguilar
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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Hayashi K, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Channel Aperture Characteristics of Carbonate Apatite Honeycomb Scaffolds Affect Ingrowths of Bone and Fibrous Tissues in Vertical Bone Augmentation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:627. [PMID: 36354538 PMCID: PMC9687283 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic scaffolds with the ability to prevent fibrous tissue penetration and promote bone augmentation may realize guided bone regeneration without the use of a barrier membrane for dental implantation. Here, we fabricated two types of honeycomb scaffolds of carbonate apatite, a bone mineral analog, whose channel apertures were square (HC-S) and rectangular (HC-R). The side lengths of the HC-Ss and HC-Rs were 265.8 ± 8.9; 817.7 ± 2.4 and 267.1 ± 5.2 μm, respectively. We placed cylindrical HC-Ss and HC-Rs on the rabbit calvaria. At 4 weeks post-implantation, the HC-Ss prevented fibrous tissue penetration from the top face via the channels, which allowed the new bone to reach the top of the scaffold from the bottom face or the calvarium. In contrast, in the HC-Rs, fibrous tissues filled the channels in the top region. At 12 weeks post-implantation, the HC-Ss were partially replaced with new bone. In the top region of the HC-Rs, although new bone had formed, fibrous tissue remained. According to the findings here and in our previous study, the longer side length rather than the shorter side length of a rectangular scaffold channel aperture is the dominant factor that affects fibrous tissue penetration and new bone augmentation. Furthermore, even though channel aperture areas are similar, bone and fibrous tissue ingrowths are different when the aperture shapes are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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